Seam-hole-weir combined fishway with four fish passing channels

Abstract

The invention discloses a'seam-hole-weir 'combined fishway with four fish passing channels, and belongs to the field of fishway design. Four vertical seams, two inclined transverse baffles with bottom holes, two inclined rectangular weirs with bottom holes and two rectangular energy dissipation piers are arranged in each pool chamber, so that four fish passing channels are provided for migration and upstream of fishes, a more sufficient migration and upstream space is provided for the fishes, and the survival rate of the fishes is increased. And the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation of the main flow area in the pool chamber are reduced by sharing the flow, and the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation of the main flow area can be further reduced by promoting transverse / longitudinal diffusion and energy consumption of water flow. And the upstream success rate of the whole fish community (including fishes with strong swimming ability and fishes with weak swimming ability) can be improved. The'seam-hole-weir 'combined fishway with the four fish passing channels, provided by the invention, is beneficial to reducing the adverse effects of water conservancy projects on the ecological environment of a river, biological diversity and fishery resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fishway design, and in particular relates to a "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages in each pool chamber. Background Art

[0002] The adverse effects of hydraulic structures such as sluices, dams, and weirs on river ecological environment, biodiversity, and fishery resources can be greatly reduced by arranging fishways. The goal of fishway design has changed from only considering high-priority fish in the early days to the current requirement of protecting the biodiversity of the entire fish community in the river. Traditional technical fishways have disadvantages such as single flow pattern, high flow velocity in the mainstream area, few fish passing objects, and low fish passing efficiency. Natural / ecological fishways are only applicable to some water conservancy projects due to factors such as large land area, high engineering cost, and difficulty in adapting to large changes in upstream / downstream water levels. Combined fishways have the advantages of rich flow patterns in the pool and are suitable for upstream migration of various fish, but their structure is complex and difficult to design. So far, no combined fishway has been widely recognized and applied worldwide.

[0003] Traditional technical fishways include Daniel type, overflow weir type, bottom / submerged hole type, vertical slot type and other types. Among them, the Daniel type fishway is equipped with baffles and bottom sills on the wall and bottom of the tank. It has a simple structure and is easy to install and build, but it has poor adaptability to changes in upstream and downstream water levels, and its internal water flow is violently turbulent, so it is only suitable for large and medium-sized fish with strong swimming ability. The overflow weir type fishway can achieve fish passing over the top of the weir, but it is difficult to adapt to the large changes in upstream / downstream water levels, and the energy dissipation is not sufficient. It is only suitable for fish that like surface migration and have jumping habits. The bottom / submerged hole type fishway is equipped with a completely submerged fish hole at the bottom, which can adapt to the large changes in upstream and downstream water levels, but its energy dissipation is not sufficient, and it is only suitable for large and medium-sized fish that migrate at the bottom. The vertical slot type fishway is equipped with partitions and guide plates on the side walls and the bottom plate, which can adapt to the significant changes in upstream and downstream water levels, and can achieve full-depth fish passing. However, the vertical slits are easily clogged by debris and need to be cleaned regularly. In addition, the flow velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area of ​​the vertical slits are still relatively large, which is only suitable for fish with strong swimming ability to pass through. The present invention innovatively proposes a "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages. The flow velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area of ​​the fishway are not only much lower than those of conventional vertical slit fishways (such as Figure 7As shown in the figure, it is also lower than patent CN202111662798.2 (a combined fishway with multiple vertical slits and rectangular weirs), patent CN202111662849.1 (a vertical slit fishway with H-shaped piers and short baffles) and patent CN202410638536.X (a bilaterally symmetrical multi-vertical slit fishway with a trapezoidal diversion pier and a gradually expanding and contracting cross-section). The detailed comparison of different hydrodynamic parameters of the above five structural types of fishway pools is shown in Table 1. Therefore, the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages proposed in the present invention can greatly reduce the flow velocity and turbulence in the mainstream area, is suitable for the migration and upstreaming of the entire fish community (including fish with strong swimming ability and fish with weak swimming ability), helps to maintain the exchange of materials, energy and genes upstream and downstream of hydraulic structures, and reduces the adverse effects of water conservancy projects on the river's ecological environment, biodiversity and fishery resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to propose a fishway solution that can meet the upstream migration needs of the entire fish community in the river (including fish with strong swimming ability and fish with weak swimming ability), that is, to invent a "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway proposed in the present invention has the advantages of overflow weir fishway, bottom / submerged hole fishway, vertical slot fishway and multiple vertical slot fishway. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway adopts four staggered vertical vertical slots, two staggered inclined horizontal baffles with holes and two staggered inclined rectangular weirs with holes in each pool chamber, providing four fish passages (i.e. "S-shaped slot passage", "S-shaped weir passage", "first hole passage" and "second hole passage") for fish migration upstream, which is conducive to providing fish with more sufficient upstream migration space, and can also reduce the velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area of ​​the pool chamber by sharing the flow. In addition, by setting two rectangular energy dissipation piers in each pool chamber, the lateral / longitudinal diffusion and energy consumption of the water flow through the hole and the water flow through the weir can also be promoted, further significantly reducing the flow velocity and turbulence in the fishway. The "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway designed by the present invention can provide fish with up to four upstream migration channels and widely distributed resting areas in each pool chamber. The mainstream flow velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the pool chamber can simultaneously meet the requirements of strong swimming fish and weak swimming fish for hydrodynamic conditions. In addition, the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway can also provide fish with different swimming abilities with a more extensive and reasonable resting area in spatial distribution in the pool chamber, further significantly improving the upstream success rate of the entire fish community and the utilization rate of the fishway pool chamber.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages proposed in the present invention comprises a bottom plate 1, a side wall 2, a short baffle 3, a first downstream retaining wall 4, a second downstream retaining wall 5, an inclined transverse baffle 6 with an orifice, an inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice and a rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 (see Figure 1 ). The bottom plate 1 and the side wall surface 2 together form a flow passage, and the flow passage includes an "S-shaped gap passage", an "S-shaped weir passage", a "first hole passage" and a "second hole passage"; the flow passage is divided into a plurality of pool chambers with the upstream side of the first downstream retaining wall 4 as the boundary; each pool chamber includes a bottom plate 1, two side walls 2, four staggered short baffles 3, a first downstream retaining wall 4, a second downstream retaining wall 5, two staggered inclined transverse baffles with orifices 6, two staggered inclined rectangular weirs with orifices 7, and two rectangular energy dissipation piers 8;

[0007] In each pool chamber, the first downstream retaining wall 4 and the second downstream retaining wall 5 are arranged in a colinear manner and are parallel to the side wall surface 2, and a gap is left between the adjacent ends of the two. The first downstream retaining wall 4 is located upstream of the second downstream retaining wall 5; the first short baffle 3 and the third short baffle 3 are both fixed on the first side wall surface 2, and are respectively located in the middle positions corresponding to the first downstream retaining wall 4 and the second downstream retaining wall 5, the second short baffle 3 and the fourth short baffle 3 are fixed on the side of the second downstream retaining wall 5 facing the first side wall surface 2, and the end faces are flush with the two end faces of the second downstream retaining wall 5, and the first short baffle 3 , the second short baffle 3, the third short baffle 3, and the fourth short baffle 3 are arranged from upstream to downstream in sequence; the two ends of the other side of the second downstream retaining wall 5 are respectively connected to the first inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices, the first inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices are both at an acute angle to the upstream direction of the water flow, and the positions of the two correspond to the positions of the two short baffles 3 on the second downstream retaining wall 5, and the first inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices is located upstream of the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices. One end of the second inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the first inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices are respectively connected to the ends of the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices and the first inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices, and the other ends are respectively connected to the second side wall surface 2. The second inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the first inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices are both at an acute angle to the water flow direction. Two rectangular energy dissipation piers 8 are respectively arranged downstream of the junction of two pairs of inclined transverse baffles 6 with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices.

[0008] A bottom hole is provided at the bottom center of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with an opening and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an opening.

[0009] Furthermore, the "S-shaped seam passage" in each pool chamber is composed of four vertical seams arranged in an alternating manner along the direction of water flow (see Figure 2 ); wherein, the first vertical slit 9 is composed of the first short baffle 3 and the first downstream retaining wall 4, the second vertical slit 10 is composed of the first side wall surface 2 and the second short baffle 3, the third vertical slit 11 is composed of the second downstream retaining wall 5 and the third short baffle 3, and the fourth vertical slit 12 is composed of the first side wall surface 2 and the fourth short baffle 3. The "S-shaped slit passage" is located in the left area of ​​the pool room (viewed from upstream to downstream along the downstream direction), and is generally distributed in an "S-shaped" shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the "S-shaped weir passage" in each pool chamber is composed of two inclined rectangular weirs 7 with orifices arranged alternately along the direction of water flow (see Figure 2 ); wherein, the angle between the first inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice and the water flow direction is 60°, and the angle between the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice and the reverse water flow direction is 60°. The "S-shaped weir passage" is located in the middle and right areas of the pool room, and is generally distributed in an "S-shaped" shape.

[0011] Furthermore, the "first through-hole channel" in each pool chamber is composed of a first bottom hole 15 and a third bottom hole 17 arranged along the water flow direction (see Figure 2 ); wherein, the first bottom hole 15 is located at the bottom of the first inclined transverse baffle 6 with an orifice, and the third bottom hole 17 is located at the bottom of the second inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice. The angles between the first bottom hole 15 and the third bottom hole 17 and the upstream direction are both 60°. When the fish passes through the bottom of the inclined transverse baffle 6 and the inclined rectangular weir 7, the path trajectory is "S-shaped", and the mainstream passing through the first bottom hole 15 and the third bottom hole 17 is also "S-shaped" as a whole. The "first through-hole channel" is located in the middle area of ​​the pool chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the "second through-hole channel" in each pool chamber is composed of a second bottom hole 16 and a fourth bottom hole 18 arranged along the water flow direction (see Figure 2 ); wherein, the second bottom hole 16 is located at the bottom of the first inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice, and the fourth bottom hole 18 is located at the bottom of the second inclined transverse baffle 6 with an orifice. The angles between the second bottom hole 16 and the fourth bottom hole 18 and the downstream direction are both 60°. When the fish passes through the bottom of the inclined rectangular weir 7 and the inclined transverse baffle 6, the path trajectory is "S-shaped", and the mainstream passing through the second bottom hole 16 and the fourth bottom hole 18 is also "S-shaped" as a whole. The "second through-hole channel" is located in the right area of ​​the pool chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the two rectangular energy dissipation piers 8 in each pool chamber are located in the connecting and intersecting area of ​​the inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices in the lateral direction, and are located downstream of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices in the flow direction; the cross-section of the rectangular energy dissipation piers 8 is square.

[0014] Furthermore, the longitudinal slope of the bottom plate 1 ranges from 1% to 10%; the length-to-width ratio of each pool chamber is 3.0:2.2.

[0015] Furthermore, the width b of the short baffle 3 is c The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.25:2.2 (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ); the ratio of the thickness I0 of all baffles and retaining walls to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.2:3.0; the ratio of the height H of all baffles and retaining walls to the width B of the pool chamber is 3.0:2.2; the ratio of the length I3 of the first downstream retaining wall 4 to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.8:3.0; the ratio of the length I4 of the second downstream retaining wall 5 to the length L of the pool chamber is 1.52:3.0; the ratio of the distance I1 between the downstream side of the first short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the second short baffle 3 (or the distance I1 between the downstream side of the fourth short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the first short baffle 3 of the next pool chamber) to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.64:3.0; the ratio of the distance I2 between the downstream side of the second short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the third short baffle 3 (or the distance I2 between the downstream side of the third short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the fourth short baffle 3) to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.46:3.0; the vertical seam widths of the four staggered vertical seams are b s , and b s The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 0.59:2.2.

[0016] Furthermore, the angle θ between the second inclined transverse baffle 6 with an opening and the downstream direction is 60° (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ); the ratio of the length of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with holes to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.67:2.2; the ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with holes to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.58:2.2; the length L of all bottom holes o The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.30:2.2; the width of all bottom openings b o The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.20:2.2; the height of all bottom openings h o The ratio to the baffle height H is 0.30:3.0.

[0017] Furthermore, the angle θ between the first inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice and the downstream direction is 60° (see Figure 3 and Figure 4); the length L of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice w The ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.67:2.2; the ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.58:2.2; the width b of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice is w The ratio of the width B of the pool chamber is 0.20:2.2; the height h of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice w The ratio to the baffle height H is 0.60:3.0.

[0018] Furthermore, the ratio of the height H of the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 to the width B of the pool chamber is 3.0:2.2; the cross-section of the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 is a square, and the ratio of its side length d to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.30:2.2; the ratio of the distance I5 between the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice and the inclined cross baffle 6 with an orifice to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.379:3.0.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] (1) Traditional technical fishways have the disadvantages of single flow pattern, high flow velocity in the mainstream area, few fish passing objects, and low fish passing efficiency. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passing channels proposed in the present invention innovatively arranges an inclined transverse baffle with an orifice, an inclined rectangular weir with an orifice, a rectangular energy dissipation pier, a short baffle, a first downstream retaining wall, and a second downstream retaining wall, which greatly promotes the diffusion and energy consumption of the water flow through the slot, the water flow through the hole, and the water flow through the weir in different directions, and can greatly reduce the velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area of ​​the fishway, thereby meeting the requirements of the entire fish community in the river (including fish with strong swimming ability and fish with weak swimming ability) for the hydrodynamic conditions in the fishway when migrating upstream. It is a very excellent "multi-target population" combined fishway.

[0021] (2) The “slot-hole-weir” combined fishway is equipped with four staggered vertical slots, two staggered inclined horizontal baffles with holes, two staggered inclined rectangular weirs with holes and two rectangular energy dissipation piers in each pool chamber, which can provide four fish passages for fish migration upstream (i.e., the “S-shaped slot passage” for fish to pass through at full water depth, the “S-shaped weir passage” for fish to pass through the middle and upper layers, and the “first hole passage” and “second hole passage” for fish to pass through the lower layer). This is not only conducive to providing fish with more sufficient space for migration upstream, but also conducive to reducing the flow velocity and turbulence in the mainstream area of ​​the pool chamber by sharing the flow, which can improve the fish passing efficiency of the fishway.

[0022] (3) The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway has a high efficiency in utilizing flow, and is particularly suitable for areas with seasonal water shortages. In addition, the recirculation area with low flow velocity and low turbulence in the fishway pool of the present invention is more extensive and sufficient in spatial distribution, thus providing a more reasonable resting area for fish migrating upstream. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single pool chamber of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a diagram showing the components of different fish passages in a single pool of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a detailed structural schematic diagram of an inclined transverse baffle / inclined rectangular weir with holes of a "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a two-dimensional plan view of a single pool chamber of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of multiple pool chambers of a "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a two-dimensional plan view of multiple pool chambers of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional vertical slot fishway.

[0030] In the figure: 1 bottom plate; 2 side wall; 3 short baffle; 4 first downstream retaining wall; 5 second downstream retaining wall; 6 inclined transverse baffle with orifice; 7 inclined rectangular weir with orifice; 8 rectangular energy dissipation pier; 9 first vertical slit; 10 second vertical slit; 11 third vertical slit; 12 fourth vertical slit; 13 first weir body; 14 second weir body; 15 first bottom hole; 16 second bottom hole; 17 third bottom hole; 18 fourth bottom hole; 19 short baffle of conventional vertical slit fishway; 20 long baffle of conventional vertical slit fishway.

[0031] B is the width of the pool chamber; L is the length of the pool chamber; H is the height of the baffle, retaining wall, side wall and rectangular energy dissipation pier; I0 is the thickness of the baffle and retaining wall; b s Vertical seam width; b cWidth of short baffles; I1 Distance between the downstream side of the first short baffle and the upstream side of the second short baffle (or between the downstream side of the fourth short baffle and the upstream side of the first short baffle in the next chamber); I2 Distance between the downstream side of the second short baffle and the upstream side of the third short baffle (or between the downstream side of the third short baffle and the upstream side of the fourth short baffle); I3 Length of the first downstream retaining wall; I4 Length of the second downstream retaining wall; I5 Distance between the rectangular energy dissipation pier and the connection between the inclined rectangular weir with orifices and the inclined transverse baffle with orifices; θ Angle between the inclined transverse baffle with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir with orifices and the water flow direction; L o The length of the orifice; b o Width of the orifice; h o Height of the orifice; L w Length of inclined rectangular weir with orifice; b w Width of an inclined rectangular weir with an orifice; h w The height of the inclined rectangular weir with orifices; d is the side length of the square cross section of the rectangular energy dissipation pier; d1 is the horizontal projection length of the inclined cross baffle with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir with orifices. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the invention content.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages includes: a bottom plate 1; a side wall 2; a short baffle 3; a first downstream retaining wall 4; a second downstream retaining wall 5; an inclined transverse baffle 6 with an orifice; an inclined rectangular weir 7 with an orifice; and a rectangular energy dissipation pier 8, and all the connections are fixed.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single pool chamber of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the components of different fish passages in a single chamber of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention. The direction of the arrow in the figure is the direction of water flow, and the longitudinal slope of the fishway bottom plate 1 is 2%. The fishway chamber is divided into a left area and a right area (viewed from upstream to downstream along the downstream direction) by the first downstream retaining wall 4 and the second downstream retaining wall 5 alternately arranged in the middle area of ​​the fishway. In the left area of ​​the chamber, four short baffles 3 are staggered in the downstream direction to form four staggered vertical slits, namely the first vertical slit 9, the second vertical slit 10, the third vertical slit 11 and the fourth vertical slit 12 (see Figure 2). When the water flows through the "vertical slit" in the left area of ​​the pool chamber and flows to the fishway exit, a slit passage is formed in the fishway pool chamber. Obviously, the water flow in the slit passage presents an "S-shaped" distribution on the plane, so this passage is also called an "S-shaped slit passage". In the right area of ​​the pool chamber, two inclined horizontal baffles 6 with orifices, two inclined rectangular weirs 7 with orifices and two rectangular energy dissipation piers 8 are staggered in the downstream direction, that is, two staggered oblique rectangular weir bodies (first weir body 13 and second weir body 14) and four oblique rectangular orifices (first bottom hole 15, second bottom hole 16, third bottom hole 17 and fourth bottom hole 18) are formed at the bottom. When the water flows through the upper part of the oblique rectangular weir body in the right area of ​​the pool chamber and flows to the fishway exit, a weir passage is formed in the fishway pool chamber. Obviously, the water flow in the weir passage presents an "S-shaped" distribution on the plane, so this passage is also called an "S-shaped weir passage". Due to the separation effect of the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8, the "S-shaped weir passage" will be subdivided into two sub-channels in the vicinity of the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 (both of which can be used by fish when migrating upstream). When the water flows through the oblique rectangular openings arranged at the bottom of the right area of ​​the pool chamber and flows to the fishway exit, the "first through-hole channel" (first bottom hole 15 and third bottom hole 17) and "second through-hole channel" (second bottom hole 16 and fourth bottom hole 18) in the fishway pool chamber are formed. Since the four oblique rectangular openings are at an angle θ=60° with the direction of the water flow, the water flow in the "first through-hole channel" and the "second through-hole channel" also presents an "S-shaped" distribution on the plane, so they are called "first through-hole channel" and "second through-hole channel". A smaller recirculation area will be formed on the downstream side of all short baffles 3; a smaller recirculation area will also be formed on the upstream side of all first downstream retaining walls 4; a larger recirculation area will be formed on the downstream side of all inclined transverse baffles 6 with orifices; the flow velocity and turbulence in the recirculation area are both low, which can be used as a rest area for different fish to restore energy and reduce fatigue during the upstream process. In general, on the one hand, the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway has four fish passages in each pool chamber (i.e., "S-shaped slot passage", "S-shaped weir passage", "first hole passage" and "second hole passage"), which is not only conducive to providing fish with more sufficient upstream migration space, but also conducive to reducing the flow velocity and turbulence in the mainstream area of ​​the pool chamber by sharing the flow. On the other hand, the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway can greatly promote the lateral / longitudinal diffusion and energy consumption of the hole water flow and the weir water flow by setting two rectangular energy dissipation piers 8 in each pool chamber, and further significantly reduce the flow velocity and turbulence in the mainstream area. In addition, the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway can provide fish with a more extensive and reasonable resting area in the pool chamber, thereby further improving the upstream success rate of the entire fish community (including fish with strong and weak swimming abilities) and the utilization rate of the fishway pool chamber.

[0035] Figure 3It is a detailed structural schematic diagram of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with holes / inclined rectangular weir 7 with holes of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention. Figure 4 The figure is a two-dimensional plan view of a single chamber of the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages of the present invention. The chamber width B = 2.20m; the chamber length L = 3.00m; the height H of the baffle, retaining wall, side wall 2 and rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 = 3.00m; the thickness I0 of the baffle and retaining wall = 0.20m; the vertical slot width b s =0.59m; width b of short baffle 3 c =0.25m; the distance I1 between the downstream side of the first short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the second short baffle 3 (or the distance I1 between the downstream side of the fourth short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the first short baffle 3 of the next pool chamber) = 0.64m; the distance I2 between the downstream side of the second short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the third short baffle 3 (or the distance I2 between the downstream side of the third short baffle 3 and the upstream side of the fourth short baffle 3) = 0.46m; the length I3 of the first downstream retaining wall 4 = 0.80m; the length I4 of the second downstream retaining wall 5 = 1.52m; the distance I5 between the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 and the connection between the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices and the inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices = 0.379m; the angle θ between the inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices and the downstream direction = 60°; the length L of the orifice o =0.30m; width of the orifice b o =0.20m; height of the orifice h o = 0.30m; length L of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifice w = 0.67m; width b of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifice w =0.20m; height h of the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifice w =0.60m; the side length d of the square cross section of the rectangular energy dissipation pier 8 is 0.30m; the lateral projection length d1 of the inclined transverse baffle 6 with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir 7 with orifices is 0.58m.

[0036] The results of numerical simulation show that when the flow rate Q=0.6 m 3 / s ~1.0m 3 / s, bottom slope S=1.67%, the comparison results of average water depth, maximum flow velocity, average flow velocity, maximum turbulent energy and average turbulent energy of the five structural types of fishways in the pool are shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1 Comparison of water depth, flow velocity and turbulent energy of five structural types of fishways

[0038]

[0039] By comparison, it was found that under different flow conditions, the average water depth of the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages proposed in the present invention was significantly higher than that of the other four structural types of fishways, indicating that when maintaining the same average water depth of the pool chamber, the operating flow rate of the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway is lower, that is, the utilization efficiency of the flow rate of the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway is significantly higher than that of the other four structural types of fishways, that is, the "slit-hole-weir" combined fishway is particularly suitable for areas with seasonal water shortages. In addition, under different flow conditions, the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages proposed by the present invention is significantly smaller than the traditional vertical slot fishway in terms of maximum flow velocity, average flow velocity, maximum turbulent kinetic energy, and average turbulent kinetic energy, and to a certain extent, smaller than patent CN202111662849.1 (a vertical slot fishway with H-shaped piers and short baffles), patent CN202111662798.2 (a combined fishway with multiple vertical slots and rectangular weirs) and patent CN202410638536.X (a bilaterally symmetrical multiple vertical slot fishway with trapezoidal diversion piers and gradually expanding and contracting sections). When the mainstream area of ​​the fishway pool has a lower flow velocity and turbulence, it can effectively reduce the energy consumption of fish when migrating upstream, which helps to improve the upstream success rate of the entire fish community in the river (including fish with strong swimming ability and fish with weak swimming ability). Therefore, the "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages proposed in the present invention is a very excellent "multi-target population" fishway, which is not only very beneficial for the upstream migration of fish populations with weak swimming ability, but also particularly suitable for seasonal water-scarce areas (such as northern China).

Claims

1. A "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom plate (1), a side wall surface (2), a short baffle plate (3), a first downstream retaining wall (4), a second downstream retaining wall (5), an inclined transverse baffle plate with an orifice (6), an inclined rectangular weir with an orifice (7), and a rectangular energy dissipation pier (8); the bottom plate (1) and the side wall surface (2) together form a flow passage, and the flow passage comprises an "S-shaped gap passage", an "S-shaped weir passage", a "first hole passage", and a "second hole passage". The flow passage is divided into a plurality of chambers with the upstream side of the first downstream retaining wall (4) as the boundary; each chamber comprises a bottom plate (1), two side walls (2), four staggered short baffles (3), a first downstream retaining wall (4), a second downstream retaining wall (5), two staggered inclined transverse baffles with orifices (6), two staggered inclined rectangular weirs with orifices (7), and two rectangular energy dissipation piers (8); In each pool chamber, a first downstream retaining wall (4) and a second downstream retaining wall (5) are arranged in a colinear manner and are parallel to the side wall surface (2), and a gap is left between the adjacent ends of the two. The first downstream retaining wall (4) is located upstream of the second downstream retaining wall (5); the first short baffle (3) and the third short baffle (3) are both fixed on the first side wall surface (2) and are respectively located in the middle positions corresponding to the first downstream retaining wall (4) and the second downstream retaining wall (5), and the second short baffle (3) and the fourth short baffle (3) are respectively located in the middle positions corresponding to the first downstream retaining wall (4) and the second downstream retaining wall (5). A short baffle (3) is fixed on the side of the second downstream retaining wall (5) facing the first side wall (2), and the end face is flush with the two end faces of the second downstream retaining wall (5). The first short baffle (3), the second short baffle (3), the third short baffle (3), and the fourth short baffle (3) are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream; the two ends of the other side face of the second downstream retaining wall (5) are respectively connected to the first inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice, the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice, and the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice. A rectangular weir (7), wherein the first inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice and the second inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice both form an acute angle with the direction of the upstream water flow, and the positions of the two respectively correspond to the positions of the two short baffles (3) on the second downstream retaining wall (5), and the first inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice is located upstream of the second inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice; one end of the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice and the first inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice are respectively connected to the end of the second inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice and the end of the first inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice, and the other ends are respectively connected to the second side wall surface (2); the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice and the first inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice both form an acute angle with the direction of the water flow; and two rectangular energy dissipation piers (8) are respectively arranged downstream of the junction of the two pairs of inclined transverse baffles (6) with orifices and the inclined rectangular weir (7) with orifices; A bottom hole is provided at the bottom center of the inclined transverse baffle (6) with an opening and the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an opening.

2. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "S-shaped seam passage" in each pool chamber is composed of four vertical seams arranged in an alternating manner along the direction of the water flow; wherein the first vertical seam (9) is composed of a first short baffle (3) and a first downstream retaining wall (4), the second vertical seam (10) is composed of a first side wall surface (2) and a second short baffle (3), the third vertical seam (11) is composed of a second downstream retaining wall (5) and a third short baffle (3), and the fourth vertical seam (12) is composed of a first side wall surface (2) and a fourth short baffle (3); the "S-shaped seam passage" is located in the left area of ​​the pool chamber when viewed from upstream to downstream along the direction of the water flow, and is generally arranged in an "S" shape.

3. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "S-shaped weir passage" in each pool chamber is composed of two inclined rectangular weirs (7) with orifices arranged alternately along the direction of the water flow; wherein the angle between the first inclined rectangular weir (7) with orifices and the water flow direction is 60°, and the angle between the second inclined rectangular weir (7) with orifices and the direction against the water flow is 60°; the "S-shaped weir passage" is located in the middle and right side areas of the pool chamber, and is generally distributed in an "S" shape.

4. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "first through-hole channel" in each pool chamber is composed of a first bottom hole (15) and a third bottom hole (17) arranged along the downstream direction; wherein the first bottom hole (15) is located at the bottom of a first inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice, and the third bottom hole (17) is located at the bottom of a second inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice. The angles between the first bottom hole (15) and the third bottom hole (17) and the upstream direction are both 60 degrees. When the fish passes through the bottom of the inclined transverse baffle (6) and the inclined rectangular weir (7), the path trajectory is "S-shaped", and the mainstream passing through the first bottom hole (15) and the third bottom hole (17) is also "S-shaped" on the whole. The "first through-hole channel" is located in the middle area of ​​the pool chamber.

5. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "second through-hole channel" in each pool chamber is composed of a second bottom hole (16) and a fourth bottom hole (18) arranged along the direction of the water flow; wherein the second bottom hole (16) is located at the bottom of the first inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice, and the fourth bottom hole (18) is located at the bottom of the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice. The angles between the second bottom hole (16) and the fourth bottom hole (18) and the direction of the water flow are both 60 degrees. When the fish passes through the bottom of the inclined rectangular weir (7) and the inclined transverse baffle (6), the path trajectory is "S-shaped", and the mainstream passing through the second bottom hole (16) and the fourth bottom hole (18) is also "S-shaped" on the whole. The "second through-hole channel" is located in the right area of ​​the pool chamber.

6. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two rectangular energy dissipation piers (8) in each pool chamber are located in the connection and intersection area of ​​the inclined transverse baffle with orifices (6) and the inclined rectangular weir with orifices (7) in the lateral direction, and are located downstream of the inclined transverse baffle with orifices (6) and the inclined rectangular weir with orifices (7) in the flow direction; the cross section of the rectangular energy dissipation piers (8) is a square.

7. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal slope of the bottom plate (1) ranges from 1% to 10%; the length-to-width ratio of each pool chamber is 3.0:2.2; Width b of the short baffle (3) c The ratio of the thickness of all baffles and retaining walls I0 to the width of the pool chamber B is 0.25:2.2; the ratio of the thickness of all baffles and retaining walls I0 to the length of the pool chamber L is 0.2:3.0; the ratio of the height H of all baffles and retaining walls to the width of the pool chamber B is 3.0:2.2; the ratio of the length I3 of the first downstream retaining wall (4) to the length of the pool chamber L is 0.8:3.0; the ratio of the length I4 of the second downstream retaining wall (5) to the length of the pool chamber L is 1.52:3.0; the ratio of the distance I1 from the downstream side of the first short baffle (3) to the upstream side of the second short baffle (3) to the length of the pool chamber L is 0.64:3.0, the ratio of the distance I1 from the downstream side of the fourth short baffle (3) to the upstream side of the first short baffle (3) of the next pool chamber to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.64:3.0; the ratio of the distance I2 from the downstream side of the second short baffle (3) to the upstream side of the third short baffle (3) to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.46:3.0, and the ratio of the distance I2 from the downstream side of the third short baffle (3) to the upstream side of the fourth short baffle (3) to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.46:3.0; the vertical seam widths of the four staggered vertical seams are all b s , and b s The ratio to the pool chamber width B is 0.59:2.

2.

8. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle θ between the second inclined transverse baffle (6) with orifices and the direction of the water flow is 60°; the ratio of the length of the inclined transverse baffle (6) with orifices to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.67:2.2; the ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined transverse baffle (6) with orifices to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.58:2.2; the length L of all bottom orifices is o The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.30:2.2; the width of all bottom openings b o The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.20:2.2; the height of all bottom openings h o The ratio to the baffle height H is 0.30:3.

0.

9. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle θ between the first inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice and the downstream direction is 60°; the length L of the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice is w The ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.67:2.2; the ratio of the horizontal projection length d1 of the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.58:2.2; the width b of the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice is w The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.20:2.2; the height h of the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice w The ratio to the baffle height H is 0.60:3.

0.

10. The "slot-hole-weir" combined fishway with four fish passages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the height H of the rectangular energy dissipation pier (8) to the width B of the pool chamber is 3.0:2.2; the cross section of the rectangular energy dissipation pier (8) is a square, and the ratio of the side length d to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.30:2.2; the ratio of the distance I5 between the rectangular energy dissipation pier (8) and the inclined rectangular weir (7) with an orifice and the inclined transverse baffle (6) with an orifice to the length L of the pool chamber is 0.379:3.0.

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