Composite current collector, pole piece, energy supply equipment and power utilization device
By introducing a guide channel layer and a flame retardant functional layer into the composite fluid, the problem of insufficient use performance of the composite fluid is solved, and higher energy density, cycling performance and safety performance are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411691824.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
AI Technical Summary
The insufficient performance of composite fluid collection in batteries and supercapacitors has resulted in energy density, cycle performance and safety performance not meeting higher requirements.
A composite fluid collecting fluid is designed, including a guide channel layer, a first metal layer and a second metal layer, and a conduction hole through the first surface and a second surface is opened on the guide channel layer, the first metal layer is connected to the first surface, and the second metal layer is connected to the second surface. In addition, the composite fluid collector can also be equipped with a flame retardant functional layer to enhance flame retardant performance.
By improving the permeability of current collectors to the electrolyte, reducing the possibility of electrode polarization and thermal runaway, improving the safety and service life of the battery, and improving flame retardant performance without affecting the conductivity.
Smart Images
Figure CN119674088A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of current collectors, and more specifically, to a composite current collector, a pole piece, an energy supply device, and an electrical device. Background Art
[0002] Energy supply devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are increasingly being used. In order to meet more and higher usage requirements, related fields have also put forward higher requirements on the energy density, cycle performance, and safety performance of the above energy supply devices.
[0003] In the above energy supply equipment, the current collector is one of the key components. Taking the composite current collector as an example, although the composite current collector can provide greater design flexibility compared with the traditional metal foil current collector and can improve the energy density and overall weight of the relevant energy supply equipment to a certain extent, its performance still needs to be improved. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present application provides a composite current collector, a pole piece, an energy supply device and an electrical device, which can improve the performance of the composite current collector to a certain extent.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is:
[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a composite current collector, comprising a guiding channel layer, a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the guiding channel layer comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction, a conductive hole being provided on the guiding channel layer, the conductive hole passing through the first surface and the second surface; the first metal layer is connected to the first surface, and the second metal layer is connected to the second surface.
[0007] In the composite current collector provided in the embodiment of the present application, by providing a guide channel layer with conductive holes between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, the permeability of the current collector to the electrolyte can be effectively improved, thereby improving the performance of the pole piece and battery using the above-mentioned current collector; in addition, it can also help reduce the possibility of electrode polarization in the pole piece and battery using the current collector, improve the possibility of thermal runaway problems caused by increased internal resistance or heat generation in the related structure, and help improve the safety of the battery and extend the service life of the battery.
[0008] Optionally, the composite current collector further includes a flame retardant functional layer, and the flame retardant functional layer is disposed between the first surface and the first metal layer.
[0009] Optionally, the flame retardant functional layer includes a conductive material and a flame retardant material, and the conductive material includes at least one of a conductive polymer, a semiconductor conductive material, and a metal conductive material.
[0010] Optionally, the conductive polymer includes at least one of polystyrene and polythiophene.
[0011] Optionally, the semiconductor conductive material includes at least one of tin oxide and aluminum oxide.
[0012] Optionally, the metallic conductive material includes nanosilver.
[0013] Optionally, the flame retardant material includes at least one of a bromide flame retardant, a phosphorus compound flame retardant, a nitrogen compound flame retardant and a polymer flame retardant.
[0014] Optionally, the composite current collector has a thickness of 8 μm to 12 μm, wherein:
[0015] The thickness of the first metal layer is 1 μm to 2 μm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 1 μm to 2 μm;
[0016] The thickness of the guide channel layer is 3 μm to 4 μm;
[0017] The thickness of the flame retardant functional layer is 3 μm to 4 μm.
[0018] Optionally, there are multiple vias arranged at intervals, the aperture of any via is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm, and / or the distance between any two adjacent vias is not less than the aperture of the via.
[0019] Optionally, the first metal layer includes a first substrate layer and a first conductive metal layer located on a side of the first substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer, and the second metal layer includes a second substrate layer and a second conductive metal layer located on a side of the second substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer.
[0020] Optionally, the material of the first substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate, and the material of the second substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate;
[0021] The material of the first conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper, the material of the second conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper, and the material of the first conductive metal layer is the same as that of the second conductive metal layer.
[0022] Optionally, the material of the guide channel layer includes a lyophilic composite, and the lyophilic composite includes any one or more of a fluorocarbon polymer, a silicone rubber composite, a zinc oxide nanocomposite material, and a ceramic polymer composite material.
[0023] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a pole piece, comprising any of the composite current collectors described above.
[0024] In a third aspect, the present application further provides an energy supply device, comprising the composite current collector described in any one of the above items, wherein the energy supply device comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor.
[0025] Optionally, the battery includes any one of a lithium ion battery and a sodium ion battery.
[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the energy supply device described above, wherein the energy supply device is used to provide electrical energy.
[0027] The beneficial effect of the composite current collector provided by the present application is that: compared with the related art, the composite current collector provided by the present application can significantly improve the permeability of the composite current collector to the electrolyte through the guiding channel layer, which helps to improve the problems of increased internal resistance and heat generation caused by poor electrolyte permeability of the current collector, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway problems in the current collector during charging and discharging; in addition, the composite current collector also includes a flame retardant functional layer made of conductive material and flame retardant material, and the flame retardant functional layer can improve the flame retardant properties of the composite current collector while achieving conductive properties, thereby further improving the safety of the composite current collector to a certain extent, so that the composite current collector has better performance.
[0028] The pole piece and energy supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application both include the above-mentioned composite current collector, so the pole piece and the energy supply device at least include the beneficial effects of any one or several of the above-mentioned composite current collectors. The specific effects are described above and will not be repeated here.
[0029] The electrical device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned energy supply device, so the electrical device at least includes the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned energy supply device. The specific effects are described above and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite current collector provided in one embodiment of the present application;
[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the guide channel layer in FIG.
[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite current collector provided in another embodiment of the present application.
[0034] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are:
[0035] 1. Guide channel layer; 101. First surface; 102. Second surface; 103. Conductive hole; 2. First metal layer; 3. Second metal layer; 4. Flame retardant functional layer; 10. Composite current collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0037] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.
[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0040] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0041] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0042] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0043] A composite current collector is a current collector composed of two or more different materials. Common composite current collectors include metal layers, polymer layers and / or other functional layers. For example, a polymer or other high molecular material is used as a substrate, and metal materials are composited on one or both sides to form a sandwich-like structure. This structure helps to reduce the mass of the current collector per unit area. For batteries, composite current collectors help to increase battery energy density and achieve lightweight design of batteries.
[0044] In the process of realizing the present application, the inventors found that the following problems exist in the related art: batteries using composite current collectors have the problem of local overheating to a certain extent, and affect the safety of the battery to a certain extent.
[0045] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a composite current collector 10, which includes a guiding channel layer 1, a first metal layer 2 and a second metal layer 3, wherein the guiding channel layer 1 has a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction, and a conductive hole 103 penetrating the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 is opened on the guiding channel layer 1, the first metal layer 2 is connected to the first surface 101, and the second metal layer 3 is connected to the second surface 102.
[0046] When the composite current collector 10 is immersed in the electrolyte, the electrolyte can pass through the above-mentioned conductive holes 103 in the thickness direction of the current collector and penetrate evenly, thereby improving the permeability of the composite current collector 10, thereby improving the performance of the pole piece and battery using the above-mentioned current collector. In addition, the above-mentioned structure can also reduce or delay the polarization time of the pole piece and battery using the current collector to a certain extent, thereby reducing the probability of thermal runaway problems of the related pole piece and battery due to increased internal resistance or heat generation, thereby improving the safety of the battery and extending the service life of the battery.
[0047] See also Figure 1 , the composite current collector 10 is a three-layer structure.
[0048] In order to ensure that each position of the composite current collector 10 has good permeability, in some embodiments, a plurality of the conductive holes 103 are provided and all the conductive holes 103 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guiding channel layer 1 .
[0049] Specifically, the above-mentioned vias 103 are evenly arranged on the guide channel layer 1, see Figure 2 The arrangement can be an array arrangement or a random arrangement, as long as it is ensured that each different area of the composite current collector 10 can achieve good permeability.
[0050] In some embodiments, the aperture of the via hole 103 may be set to be 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm. The distance between any two adjacent via holes 103 is not less than the aperture of the via hole 103 .
[0051] It should be noted that the via hole 103 penetrates the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 of the guide channel layer 1. When actually formed, the via hole 103 can extend along the thickness direction of the guide channel layer 1 and form a hole-like structure with a smooth inner wall, or extend along a direction with a certain non-zero angle with the thickness direction of the guide channel layer 1 and form a hole-like structure that penetrates the area where the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are not directly opposite in the thickness direction. In other similar embodiments, the extension direction of the via hole 103 can also be set as a curve, etc. It is only necessary to ensure that the two ends of the via hole 103 penetrate the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 respectively. The via hole 103 is not limited to be set along the thickness direction of the guide channel layer 1, and the inner wall of the hole enclosed to form the via hole 103 is not limited to a smooth surface.
[0052] In some embodiments, the inner wall structure of the via hole 103 may also be a rough surface with bumps and depressions.
[0053] In order to make the guide channel layer 1 have a better permeability effect, it is necessary to select a material with good lyophilicity to prepare the guide channel layer 1.
[0054] The lyophilic material can reduce the contact angle of the droplet to a certain extent. The guide channel layer 1 prepared by using the lyophilic material can improve the wettability of the liquid on its surface, which can not only improve the penetration rate of the electrolyte, but also make the electrolyte fully contact with different areas of the guide channel layer 1. The conductive holes 103 formed on the guide channel layer 1 can provide more penetration channels for the penetration of the electrolyte, help the electrolyte to pass through the guide channel layer 1, and can increase the flow path of the electrolyte within a certain range.
[0055] The lyophilic material and the conducting hole 103 cooperate with each other to effectively improve the permeability of the guide channel layer 1.
[0056] In some embodiments, the lyophilic composite material used to prepare the guide channel layer 1 includes any one or more of a fluorocarbon polymer, a silicone rubber composite material, a zinc oxide nanocomposite material, and a ceramic polymer composite material.
[0057] Generally, one or two of the above materials can be selected to prepare the guide channel layer 1 .
[0058] Specifically, the fluorocarbon polymer may be a modified fluorocarbon polymer composite material, and the modifier may be a surfactant, nanoparticles, etc. The introduction of the modifier may improve the surface of the fluorocarbon polymer composite material, enhance its lyophilicity, and also have the effect of improving mechanical properties.
[0059] Specifically, the fluorocarbon polymer may also be a modified fluorocarbon nanotube composite material, and the modifier may optimize the surface properties of the fluorocarbon nanotubes, enhance the lyophilicity, and maintain the conductivity.
[0060] Specifically, the silicone rubber polymer may be a modified silicone rubber composite material, and the modifier may be silicon dioxide nanoparticles, functional polymers, etc. Adding the modifier may adjust the surface properties of the silicone rubber, increase the lyophilicity, and improve other properties.
[0061] Specifically, the zinc oxide nanocomposite may be a modified zinc oxide nanoparticle composite material, wherein the modifier is a surfactant, a polymer coating, or the like.
[0062] Specifically, the ceramic polymer composite material may be a modified polymer ceramic composite material, and the modifier is a surfactant, nano ceramic particles, etc. The introduction of the modifier helps to improve the lyophilicity of the composite material and achieve better interface compatibility in the material.
[0063] The guide channel layer 1 prepared by using the above materials has a thickness of 3 μm to 4 μm.
[0064] The structures of the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are described below:
[0065] The first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are both made of a substrate and a conductive metal material located on one side of the substrate. The first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 are used to provide a conductive function and serve as a substrate for conducting current.
[0066] The first metal layer 2 has a thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm, and includes a first substrate layer and a first conductive metal layer located on a side of the first substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer 1 .
[0067] The material of the first substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate, and the material of the first conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper.
[0068] The material of the first substrate layer is made of polymers such as polyolefins, polyesters, polyacrylonitrile and polyethers. The first conductive metal layer is located on one side or both sides of the first substrate layer to achieve its conductive function.
[0069] Correspondingly, the second metal layer 3 has a thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm, and includes a second substrate layer and a second conductive metal layer located on a side of the second substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer 1 .
[0070] The material of the second substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate, and the material of the second conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper.
[0071] The material of the second substrate layer may be the same as or different from that of the first substrate layer. The second conductive metal layer is located on one side or both sides of the second substrate layer to achieve its conductive function.
[0072] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the material of the first conductive metal layer is consistent with the material of the second conductive metal layer. That is, when the material of the first conductive metal layer is copper, the material of the second conductive metal layer is also copper; when the material of the first conductive metal layer is aluminum, the material of the second conductive metal layer is also aluminum.
[0073] The overall thickness of the composite current collector 10 is about 5 μm to 8 μm.
[0074] The composite current collector 10 prepared by the composite of the above-mentioned multi-layer film layers can integrate a variety of different materials under the condition of limited thickness to improve the performance of the composite current collector 10, make it have better conductivity and better permeability, and to a certain extent improve the safety and service life of the composite current collector 10.
[0075] See also Figure 3 The present application also provides a composite current collector 10 having four film layers.
[0076] The composite current collector 10 includes a guiding channel layer 1, a first metal layer 2, a second metal layer 3 and a flame retardant functional layer 4, wherein the guiding channel layer 1 has a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction, and a conducting hole 103 penetrating the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 is opened on the guiding channel layer 1, the flame retardant functional layer 4 is connected to the first surface 101, the second metal layer 3 is connected to the second surface 102, and the first metal layer 2 is connected to the side of the flame retardant functional layer 4 facing away from the guiding channel layer 1.
[0077] See also Figure 3 At this time, the flame retardant functional layer 4 is arranged between the first surface 101 and the first metal layer 2 .
[0078] The flame retardant functional layer 4 has good spacing conductivity and flame retardant properties, which can improve the flame retardant effect of the composite current collector 10 without affecting the conductivity of the composite current collector 10, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway problems in the current collector during charging and discharging, reducing or even eliminating the potential safety hazards of the current collector during charging and discharging short circuits, and improving the safety of the composite current collector 10 to a certain extent, so that the composite current collector 10 has better performance.
[0079] Compared with the composite current collector 10 provided in other similar embodiments, the composite current collector 10 having the flame retardant functional layer 4 has better safety performance.
[0080] In order to make the flame retardant functional layer 4 have better conductivity and flame retardant effects, in this embodiment, the flame retardant functional layer 4 includes a conductive material and a flame retardant material, wherein the conductive material includes at least one of a conductive polymer, a semiconductor conductive material, and a metal conductive material, and the flame retardant material includes at least one of a bromide flame retardant, a phosphorus compound flame retardant, a nitrogen compound flame retardant and a polymer flame retardant.
[0081] Specifically, the conductive polymer includes at least one of polystyrene and polythiophene. When the conductive polymer is selected as the conductive material, the flame retardant selected can be any one or more of a bromide flame retardant, a phosphorus compound flame retardant and a nitrogen compound flame retardant. This combination can provide conductivity while enhancing the flame retardant properties of the film layer.
[0082] Specifically, the semiconductor conductive material includes at least one of tin oxide and aluminum oxide. When the semiconductor conductive material is selected as the conductive material, the flame retardant is combined with the semiconductor conductive material to form a composite material having both conductive and flame retardant effects.
[0083] Specifically, the metal conductive material includes nanosilver. When nanosilver is used as the conductive material, the flame retardant is combined with the nanosilver to form a composite material having both conductive and flame retardant effects.
[0084] When selecting a polymer flame retardant, the polymer flame retardant may be a graphene / polyethylene conductive flame retardant nanocomposite material. The material is made of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene as a matrix, super graphite and polyethyleneimine functionalized reduced oxide graphene as a conductive filler, and brominated polystyrene as a flame retardant filler. The material has been disclosed in the prior art, and its preparation process is not introduced here.
[0085] The thickness of the flame retardant functional layer 4 is 3 μm to 4 μm.
[0086] In other similar embodiments, the flame retardant functional layer 4 can also be made of a conductive flame retardant polyvinyl chloride composite material. The material is made of polyvinyl chloride as a matrix, and is added with conductive materials such as expandable graphite and expanded graphite, and auxiliary flame retardants such as red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate and triethyl phosphate.
[0087] The composite current collector 10 composed of the first metal layer 2, the second metal layer 3, the guide channel layer 1 and the flame retardant functional layer 4 has a thickness of 8 μm to 12 μm.
[0088] This thickness range is determined under the premise of satisfying normal processing of the composite current collector 10 .
[0089] Compared with other embodiments, the composite current collector 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application can not only significantly improve the permeability of the composite current collector 10 to the electrolyte through the guiding channel layer 1, improve the problems of increased internal resistance and heat generation caused by poor electrolyte permeability of the current collector, and thus reduce the possibility of thermal runaway problems in the current collector during the charging and discharging process; it can also improve the flame retardant properties of the composite current collector 10 while achieving conductive properties through the flame retardant functional layer 4, thereby further improving the safety of the composite current collector 10 to a certain extent, so that the composite current collector 10 has better performance.
[0090] The present application also provides a pole piece, comprising the composite current collector 10 described in any one of the above items.
[0091] The present application has no particular limitation on the electrode, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved. For example, the electrode can be a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
[0092] The present application also provides an energy supply device, comprising the composite current collector 10 described in any one of the above items, and the energy supply device comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor.
[0093] When the energy supply device is a battery, the battery includes any one of a lithium-ion battery and a sodium-ion battery. The present application has no special restrictions on the type of battery.
[0094] The energy supply device may also be a supercapacitor.
[0095] A supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device between a traditional capacitor and a battery, which has higher energy density than a traditional capacitor and faster charge and discharge speed than a battery. A supercapacitor includes a current collector.
[0096] The present application also provides an electrical device, comprising the energy supply device described above, and the energy supply device is used to provide electrical energy.
[0097] Specifically, the electrical device includes a functional device, and the energy supply device is electrically connected to the functional device and provides electrical energy thereto so that the functional device can work.
[0098] The above-mentioned electrical devices may include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but are not limited to these.
[0099] As the electrical device, an energy supply device can be selected according to its usage requirements.
[0100] The above description of various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar parts can be referenced to each other, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated in this article.
[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A composite current collector, characterized in that: It includes a guide channel layer, a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the guide channel layer has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction, the guide channel layer is provided with a via hole, and the via hole passes through the first surface and the second surface; the first metal layer is connected to the first surface, and the second metal layer is connected to the second surface.
2. The composite current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite current collector further includes a flame retardant functional layer, and the flame retardant functional layer is disposed between the first surface and the first metal layer.
3. The composite current collector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flame retardant functional layer comprises a conductive material and a flame retardant material, wherein the conductive material comprises at least one of a conductive polymer, a semiconductor conductive material, and a metal conductive material; The conductive polymer includes at least one of polystyrene and polythiophene; The semiconductor conductive material includes at least one of tin oxide and aluminum oxide; The metal conductive material includes nanosilver; The flame retardant material includes at least one of a bromide flame retardant, a phosphorus compound flame retardant, a nitrogen compound flame retardant, and a polymer flame retardant.
4. The composite current collector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the composite current collector is 8 μm to 12 μm, wherein: The thickness of the first metal layer is 1 μm to 2 μm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 1 μm to 2 μm; The thickness of the guide channel layer is 3 μm to 4 μm; The thickness of the flame retardant functional layer is 3 μm to 4 μm.
5. The composite current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the vias is multiple and they are arranged at intervals; The aperture of any one of the via holes is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm, and / or the distance between any two adjacent via holes is not less than the aperture of the via hole.
6. The composite current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer includes a first substrate layer and a first conductive metal layer located on the side of the first substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer. The second metal layer includes a second substrate layer and a second conductive metal layer located on the side of the second substrate layer facing away from the guide channel layer.
7. The composite current collector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the first substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate, and the material of the second substrate layer includes one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cyanopolyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene terephthalate; The material of the first conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper, the material of the second conductive metal layer includes aluminum or copper, and the material of the first conductive metal layer is the same as that of the second conductive metal layer.
8. The composite current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the guide channel layer includes a lyophilic composite, and the lyophilic composite includes any one or more of a fluorocarbon polymer, a silicone rubber composite, a zinc oxide nanocomposite, and a ceramic polymer composite.
9. A pole piece, comprising the composite current collector according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An energy supply device, characterized in that: The composite current collector comprises the composite current collector as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy supply device comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor.
11. The energy supply device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The battery includes any one of a lithium ion battery and a sodium ion battery.
12. An electrical device, characterized in that: The energy supply device comprises the energy supply device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the energy supply device is used to provide electrical energy.