Triboelectricity nanometer generator and self-powered intelligent aggregate system based on same

Abstract

The invention discloses a triboelectric nano-generator and a self-powered intelligent aggregate system based on the same, and belongs to the technical field of road surface monitoring. The self-powered asphalt pavement intelligent aggregate solves the problem that the existing asphalt pavement intelligent aggregate cannot realize self power supply. The telescopic sleeve rod comprises fixed sleeves and telescopic rods which are installed in the fixed sleeves in a penetrating mode in an up-down sliding mode, the elastic connecting piece is connected between the top end of the telescopic shell and the top end of the parallel friction nanometer generator, and the bottom end of the parallel friction nanometer generator is fixedly installed among the four fixed sleeves. The driving assembly is located below the parallel friction nanometer generator, and the output end of the driving assembly is connected with the four telescopic rods. Vibration energy in the traffic process is collected through the triboelectric nano-generator and converted into electric energy, the electric energy is used for supplying power to the intelligent aggregate and then supplying power to the intelligent aggregate, and long-term, accurate and effective monitoring of the pavement structure performance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a triboelectric nanogenerator and a self-powered intelligent aggregate system based on the generator, belonging to the technical field of road pavement monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Asphalt pavement has been gradually widely used due to its advantages such as good flatness, comfortable driving and low noise. However, due to improper design and construction, environmental factors and large traffic loads, asphalt pavement is prone to damage of different types and degrees. Monitoring and timely obtaining asphalt pavement deformation data is particularly important to improve the service life of asphalt pavement.

[0003] In-situ pavement sensing has always been the focus of research. There are two main methods for detecting internal deformation and damage of asphalt pavement: non-destructive testing and embedded sensor testing. Different detection methods have some shortcomings. Non-destructive testing methods require higher environmental conditions, and there are also problems such as subjective judgment criteria and inability to monitor in real time. Commonly used embedded sensors such as pressure units, deflectometers, strain gauges, thermocouples, humidity sensors, and optical fiber sensors are mostly wired monitoring. The main limitation lies in their deployment and maintenance, and they are incompatible with the deformation of road materials. At the same time, due to the lack of smaller local deformation information, it is impossible to achieve monitoring and early warning of overall pavement deformation.

[0004] With the rapid development of 3D printing and sensor technology, SmartRock, intelligent artificial aggregate (IAA) and smart aggregate have been developed to replace natural aggregates to study the impact of aggregate movement on asphalt pavements. Giving particles the ability to sense deformation and thus monitor and obtain the internal change characteristics of asphalt mixtures is an emerging method for studying internal changes in asphalt mixtures.

[0005] At present, smart aggregate is a wireless sensor that integrates acceleration, strain gauge, temperature, gyroscope and Bluetooth module. It can replace natural aggregate and obtain its own rotation angle, angular velocity, acceleration and other X, Y and Z axis change indicators through real-time wireless transmission. However, the sensor modules in smart aggregate all require external power supply, and the power supply size is only about 150mA. It is difficult to maintain a good balance between its durability time and size. There is a lack of long-distance and small-size sensing modules to track aggregate movement in real time. Regularly replacing the batteries of embedded sensors or using solar technology will be costly and even impractical in some cases. This problem is even more challenging for continuous long-term monitoring of pavement structures. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the existing asphalt pavement intelligent aggregate cannot realize self-power supply, and further provides a triboelectric nanogenerator and a self-powered intelligent aggregate system based on the generator.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] A triboelectric nanogenerator comprises a telescopic housing, a parallel triboelectric nanogenerator arranged inside the telescopic housing, an elastic connector, a drive assembly, and four telescopic sleeve rods arranged vertically and opposite to each other, wherein:

[0009] The telescopic sleeve comprises a fixed sleeve and a telescopic rod which is slidably installed in the fixed sleeve.

[0010] The elastic connector is connected between the top of the telescopic housing and the top of the parallel friction nanogenerator.

[0011] The bottom end of the parallel friction nanogenerator is fixed between four fixed sleeves.

[0012] The driving assembly is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator and its output end is connected to four telescopic rods respectively.

[0013] When a downward mechanical force is applied to the telescopic shell, the four telescopic sleeves and the elastic connector shrink downward synchronously, causing the friction layers of the parallel friction nanogenerators to contact. When the downward mechanical force disappears, the elastic connector resets, driving the telescopic sleeves and the telescopic shell to expand upward, causing the friction layers of the parallel friction nanogenerators to separate. Through the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer, the downward mechanical energy applied to the telescopic shell is converted into electrical energy.

[0014] When the telescopic shell is not subjected to downward mechanical force for a long time and there is no electrical energy output, the four telescopic sleeve rods are controlled by the driving component to extend and retract, so that the friction layer of the parallel friction nanogenerator undergoes a contact-separation cycle, thereby achieving continuous output of electrical energy.

[0015] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a mounting base, a driving structure, two pairs of first connecting rods, a pair of second connecting rods, a spiral adjustment rod, a pair of gears, a first support seat and two second support seats, wherein the mounting base is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the four fixed sleeves, the two pairs of first connecting rods are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located between the two telescopic sleeves on the same side thereof, one end of each pair of first connecting rods is correspondingly movably inserted into the lower part of the two telescopic rods, the other ends of the two pairs of first connecting rods are correspondingly fixedly connected to the two ends of a pair of second connecting rods, a pair of second connecting rods are arranged in parallel, the middle part of each second connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the first support seat, the two ends of a pair of second connecting rods are correspondingly rotatably mounted on the two second support seats, a pair of gears are respectively mounted on a pair of second connecting rods and are staggered, the spiral adjustment rod is located between the pair of gears, the rotation of the spiral adjustment rod is controlled by the driving structure, and then the pair of gears are driven to rotate relative to or towards each other.

[0016] Furthermore, the driving structure includes a driving motor, a magnet, an automatic control system and a battery, wherein one end of the spiral adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor through a connecting shaft, the magnet is installed on the connecting shaft, the motion state change of the magnet is detected by the automatic control system, and the start and stop of the driving motor are controlled according to the detected motion state change of the magnet, and the automatic control system is powered by the battery.

[0017] Furthermore, the parallel friction nanogenerator includes a plurality of friction nanogenerator bodies arranged in parallel up and down, each friction nanogenerator body includes two pole plates arranged in parallel up and down and a plurality of first springs fixed between the two pole plates, conductive copper sheets are pasted on opposite sides of the two pole plates, friction layers are pasted on opposite sides of the two conductive copper sheets, two adjacent friction nanogenerator bodies share one pole plate, the pole plate at the bottom is fixed between four fixed sleeves, and the pole plate at the top is connected to the elastic connector.

[0018] Furthermore, in each friction nanogenerator body, the two friction layers are respectively a positive electrode friction layer and a negative electrode friction layer, wherein the positive electrode friction layer is a waste tire powder film, and the negative electrode friction layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride film.

[0019] Furthermore, a first slide is provided on the fixed sleeve, and a second slide is provided at the lower part of the telescopic rod and its direction is the same as that of the first slide. A cross bar is fixed in the second slide. One end of the first connecting rod is a two-tooth fork-shaped structure. The two-tooth fork-shaped structure is movable fork mounted in the second slide and clamped with the cross bar. One end of the first connecting rod passes through the first slide and the second slide. When the telescopic rod slides up and down along the fixed sleeve, one end of the first connecting rod slides up and down along the first slide driven by the telescopic rod.

[0020] Furthermore, the elastic connector includes a connecting column and a second spring, wherein the top of the connecting column is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic shell, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly connected between the bottom end of the connecting column and the top of the parallel friction nanogenerator.

[0021] Furthermore, the telescopic housing includes a top plate, a bottom plate and a telescopic body installed between the top plate and the bottom plate, the top end of the telescopic rod and the top end of the elastic connector are both fixedly connected to the top plate, and the bottom end of the fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the telescopic body is made of transparent material.

[0023] A self-powered smart aggregate system based on the above-mentioned triboelectric nanogenerator includes a triboelectric nanogenerator, a rectifier, an energy storage capacitor and smart aggregate, wherein the triboelectric nanogenerator is provided with a circuit system connected to the parallel triboelectric nanogenerator, the smart aggregate is embedded with a posture sensor, and the posture sensor is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor, and the circuit system in the triboelectric nanogenerator is connected to the energy storage capacitor and the smart aggregate through the rectifier.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

[0025] When a downward mechanical force is applied to the telescopic shell, the four telescopic rods and the elastic connector shrink downward synchronously, causing the friction layers of the parallel friction nanogenerators to contact. When the downward mechanical force disappears, the elastic connector resets, driving the telescopic rods and the telescopic shell to expand upward, causing the friction layers of the parallel friction nanogenerators to separate. This reciprocating cycle completes the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer. Through the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer, the downward mechanical energy applied to the telescopic shell is converted into electrical energy.

[0026] When there is no vehicle passing over the telescopic shell for a long time and no external mechanical force is applied to it for a long time, the capacitor is easily exhausted, that is, it is impossible to provide stable power supply for the smart aggregate. At this time, the driving component will be activated to drive the telescopic sleeve to extend and retract, and then drive the telescopic shell, elastic connector and parallel friction nanogenerator to extend and retract synchronously, completing the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer, thereby realizing the continuous output of electrical energy.

[0027] The vibration energy during traffic is collected by triboelectric nanogenerators and converted into electrical energy, that is, the triboelectric nanogenerator is used as a power source to power the smart aggregate and then power the smart aggregate, so as to achieve long-term, accurate and effective monitoring of the pavement structure performance. The parallel triboelectric nanogenerator structure can achieve high-performance electrical output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the position change of the internal drive assembly and the telescopic sleeve rod when the telescopic housing is in the unfolded state;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the position change of the internal drive assembly and the telescopic sleeve rod when the telescopic housing is in the retracted state;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the drive component;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first connecting rod;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the parallel friction nanogenerator;

[0035] Figure 7 3D structural diagram of the friction nanogenerator body (the first spring is not shown);

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving structure;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-powered intelligent aggregate system;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a physical picture of smart aggregate.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Telescopic shell; 11. Top plate; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Telescopic body;

[0041] 2. Parallel friction nanogenerator; 21. Plate; 22. First spring; 23. Conductive copper sheet; 24. Friction layer;

[0042] 3. Elastic connecting member; 31. Connecting column; 32. Second spring;

[0043] 4. Driving assembly; 41. Mounting base; 42. Driving structure; 421. Driving motor; 422. Magnet; 424. Battery; 425. Connecting shaft; 426. Hall sensor; 427. Microcontroller system; 428. Driving module; 429. Relay;

[0044] 5. telescopic sleeve; 51. fixed sleeve; 511. first slideway; 52. telescopic rod; 521. second slideway; 522. crossbar;

[0045] 100. Triboelectric nanogenerator; 101. Rectifier; 102. Energy storage capacitor; 103. Smart aggregate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figures 1 to 10This embodiment is explained, and the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the descriptions of the present invention regarding directions such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "left side", "right side", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc. are all defined based on the relationship between the orientations or positions shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] A triboelectric nanogenerator comprises a telescopic housing 1, a parallel triboelectric nanogenerator 2 arranged inside the telescopic housing 1, an elastic connector 3, a drive assembly 4, and four telescopic sleeve rods 5 arranged vertically and opposite to each other, wherein:

[0050] The telescopic sleeve 5 includes a fixed sleeve 51 and a telescopic rod 52 that is slidably installed in the fixed sleeve 51. The elastic connector 3 is connected between the top of the telescopic housing 1 and the top of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2.

[0051] The bottom end of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 is fixed between four fixing sleeves 51.

[0052] The driving assembly 4 is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 and its output end is connected to four telescopic rods 52 respectively.

[0053] When a downward mechanical force is applied to the telescopic housing 1, the four telescopic sleeves 5 and the elastic connector 3 shrink downward synchronously, so that the friction layer 24 of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 contacts. When the downward mechanical force disappears, the elastic connector 3 resets, driving the telescopic sleeves 5 and the telescopic housing 1 to expand upward, so that the friction layer 24 of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 separates. Through the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer 24, the downward mechanical energy applied to the telescopic housing 1 is converted into electrical energy.

[0054] When the telescopic housing 1 is not subjected to downward mechanical force for a long time and thus has no electrical energy output, the four telescopic sleeve rods 5 are controlled by the driving assembly 4 to extend and retract, so that the friction layer 24 of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 performs a contact-separation cycle, thereby achieving continuous output of electrical energy.

[0055] The triboelectric nanogenerator structure in the present invention is a telescopic cubic structure. The telescopic housing 1 is preferably a cubic structure, and the four telescopic sleeve rods 5 are preferably arranged at the four corner positions of the telescopic housing 1.

[0056] The bottom end of the fixed sleeve 51 is fixed to the bottom of the telescopic shell 1, preferably fixed by an angle steel, and the top end of the telescopic rod 52 is fixed to the top of the telescopic shell 1, thereby achieving the upward and downward telescopic adjustment of the telescopic shell 1 by sliding the telescopic rod 52 up and down in the fixed sleeve 51.

[0057] In the initial state of the elastic connecting member 3, the telescopic sleeve rod 5 and the telescopic housing 1 are both in the extended state.

[0058] When the elastic connecting member 3 is in a compressed state, the telescopic sleeve rod 5 and the telescopic housing 1 are both in a retracted state.

[0059] The triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention is below the ground during use, and the downward mechanical force applied by the top of the telescopic shell 1 is the external mechanical force excitation generated when vehicles on the road pass over the road surface above the triboelectric nanogenerator 100.

[0060] When an external mechanical force is applied from above to the telescopic housing 1, the contact-separation action of the friction layer 24 of the parallel-connected friction nanogenerator 2 is realized by the external mechanical force and the elastic connector 3. Specifically:

[0061] When a downward mechanical force is applied to the telescopic shell 1, the four telescopic sleeve rods 5 and the elastic connector 3 shrink downward synchronously, so that the friction layer 24 of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 contacts. When the downward mechanical force disappears, the elastic connector 3 resets, driving the telescopic sleeve rods 5 and the telescopic shell 1 to expand upward, so that the friction layer 24 of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 separates. This reciprocating movement completes the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer 24. Through the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer 24, the downward mechanical energy applied to the telescopic shell 1 is converted into electrical energy.

[0062] When no vehicle passes over the telescopic shell 1 for a long time and no external mechanical force is applied to it for a long time, the capacitor is easily exhausted, that is, it is impossible to provide stable power supply for the smart aggregate 103. At this time, the driving component 4 is actuated to drive the telescopic sleeve 5 to extend and retract, thereby driving the telescopic shell 1, the elastic connector 3 and the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 to extend and retract synchronously, completing the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer 24, thereby realizing the continuous output of electrical energy.

[0063] The vibration energy during traffic is collected by the triboelectric nanogenerator and converted into electrical energy, that is, the triboelectric nanogenerator is used as a power source to power the smart aggregate 103, thereby realizing long-term, accurate and effective monitoring of the pavement structure performance. The parallel triboelectric nanogenerator 2 structure can achieve high-performance electrical output effects.

[0064] The driving assembly 4 includes a mounting base 41, a driving structure 42, two pairs of first connecting rods 43, a pair of second connecting rods 44, a spiral adjusting rod 45, a pair of gears 46, a first supporting seat 47 and two second supporting seats 48, wherein the mounting base 41 is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the four fixed sleeves 51, the two pairs of first connecting rods 43 are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located between the two telescopic sleeves 5 on the same side thereof, one end of each pair of first connecting rods 43 is correspondingly and movably inserted in the lower part of the two telescopic rods 52, and the two pairs of first The other ends of the connecting rods 43 are fixedly connected to the two ends of a pair of second connecting rods 44 in pairs, and the pair of second connecting rods 44 are arranged in parallel. The middle part of each second connecting rod 44 is rotatably mounted on the first support seat 47, and the two ends of the pair of second connecting rods 44 are rotatably mounted on the two second support seats 48. A pair of gears 46 are respectively mounted on the pair of second connecting rods 44 and arranged in a staggered manner. The spiral adjustment rod 45 is located between the pair of gears 46. The spiral adjustment rod 45 is controlled to rotate by the driving structure 42, thereby driving the pair of gears 46 to rotate relative to or in the opposite direction. In this design, the positions of the two gears 46 are staggered by the height of a spiral leaf. The spiral adjustment rod 45 is controlled to rotate by the driving structure 42, thereby driving the gears 46 on both sides of the spiral adjustment rod 45 to rotate relative to or in the opposite direction. The gears 46 drive the telescopic rod 52 to move up and down through the second connecting rod 44 and the first connecting rod 43, thereby realizing the telescopic housing 1 and the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 to move up and down, and finally realizing the contact-separation cycle of the friction layer 24, thereby realizing the continuous output of electric energy.

[0065] The middle parts of the two second connecting rods 44 and the two gears 46 are supported by the first support seat 47;

[0066] The two second support seats 48 are used to support the two ends of the two second support rods;

[0067] The second connecting rod 44 and the first support seat 47 as well as the second connecting rod 44 and the second support seat 48 are all rotatably connected. The four first connecting rods 43 are correspondingly fixed on the two ends of the two second connecting rods 44. When the second connecting rod 44 is driven by the driving structure 42 to rotate, it will drive the first connecting rod 43 to swing around the central axis of the second connecting rod 44, thereby controlling the up and down movement of the telescopic rod 52 located at the movable end of the first connecting rod 43.

[0068] The driving structure 42 includes a driving motor 421, a magnet 422, an automatic control system and a battery 424, wherein one end of the spiral adjustment rod 45 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 421 through a connecting shaft 425, and the magnet 422 is mounted on the connecting shaft 425. The automatic control system detects the change in the motion state of the magnet 422, controls the start and stop of the driving motor 421 according to the detected change in the motion state of the magnet 422, and supplies power to the automatic control system through the battery 424. With such a design, when the telescopic housing 1 is telescopically moved by an external mechanical force, it will drive the first connecting rod 43 to swing, and the swing of the first connecting rod 43 will drive the second connecting rod 44 and the gear 46 to rotate, which will then drive the spiral adjustment rod 45 between the two gears 46 to swing circumferentially, and the connecting shaft 425 and the magnet 422 thereon will swing along with the circumferential swing of the spiral adjustment rod 45. Therefore, an automatic control system is set to sense the swing or stop state of the magnet 422. When the automatic control system determines through signal detection that the magnet 422 is in a swinging state, it means that an external mechanical force is applied above the telescopic shell 1 at this time, and the drive motor 421 is not started; when the automatic control system determines through signal detection that the magnet 422 is in a stationary state, it means that no external mechanical force is applied above the telescopic shell 1 at this time. At this time, the automatic control system controls the drive motor 421 to start, driving the connecting shaft 425 and the spiral adjustment rod 45 to swing. The swing of the spiral adjustment rod 45 drives the two gears 46 and the two second connecting rods 44 to swing around their own axes, thereby driving the first connecting rod 43 to swing, and finally driving the friction layer 24 in the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 to contact and separate cycles, thereby realizing continuous output of electrical energy.

[0069] The automatic control system includes a Hall sensor 426, a micro-control system 427, a drive module 428 and a relay 429. The working principle is as follows: when the connecting shaft 425 rotates, the magnet 422 attached thereto will also rotate accordingly. Therefore, the Hall sensor 426 can sense the rotation of the connecting shaft 425. When the connecting shaft 425 does not rotate for a long time, the Hall sensor 426 detects this state change and generates an electrical signal. The Hall sensor 426 transmits the detected signal to the micro-control system 427. After receiving the sensor signal, the micro-control system 427 makes a judgment according to the preset logic (for example, when the rotation stops for a certain period of time, the drive motor 421 is started). If the logical judgment result is "yes", the micro-control system 427 sends a control signal to the relay 429. After receiving the signal, the normally open contact of the relay 429 is closed (or the normally closed contact is disconnected), thereby allowing (or cutting off) the current to flow to the drive module 428, and then driving the motor 421 to drive the connecting shaft 425 to rotate, further driving the spiral adjustment rod 45 to rotate, and finally driving the entire friction generator to move up and down. The power supply of the automatic control system is the rechargeable battery 424, which is charged when the friction nanogenerator receives external mechanical force.

[0070] The parallel-connected friction nanogenerator 2 includes a plurality of friction nanogenerator bodies arranged in parallel up and down, each friction nanogenerator body includes two pole plates 21 arranged in parallel up and down and a plurality of first springs 22 fixed between the two pole plates 21, the two pole plates 21 are both pasted with conductive copper sheets 23 on the opposite sides, the two conductive copper sheets 23 are both pasted with friction layers 24 on the opposite sides, two adjacent friction nanogenerator bodies share one pole plate 21, the pole plate 21 at the bottom is fixed between four fixed sleeves 51, and the pole plate 21 at the top is connected to the elastic connector 3. With such a design, in each friction nanogenerator body, the number of first springs 22 is four, and they are evenly distributed circumferentially between the two pole plates 21. The pole plate 21 is an acrylic pole plate 21. Taking the parallel friction nanogenerator 2 including three friction nanogenerator bodies arranged in parallel up and down as an example, the three friction nanogenerator bodies are, from top to bottom, the first friction nanogenerator body, the second friction nanogenerator body and the third friction nanogenerator body, wherein the pole plate 21 located at the bottom in the first friction nanogenerator body and the pole plate 21 located at the top in the second friction nanogenerator body are the same pole plate 21, and the pole plate 21 located at the bottom in the second friction nanogenerator body and the pole plate 21 located at the top in the third friction nanogenerator body are the same pole plate 21.

[0071] In each friction nanogenerator body, the two friction layers 24 are respectively a positive electrode friction layer and a negative electrode friction layer, wherein the positive electrode friction layer is a waste tire powder film, and the negative electrode friction layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride film. Such a design opens up a new path for the resource utilization of waste tire rubber powder. The preparation method of the positive and negative electrode friction layer materials is carried out according to the following steps:

[0072] 1. Preparation of positive electrode friction layer materials:

[0073] Dissolve waste tire rubber powder in tetrahydrofuran solution, add 2% to 10% wt of nano-silicon dioxide and 0.02% to 0.1% wt of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, heat in a water bath at 40 to 60° C. with magnetic stirring for 3 to 6 hours to obtain a completely dissolved waste tire rubber powder solution, pour the mixed solution into a mold with sandpaper in advance, let it stand for 24 hours until the solvent evaporates completely, and then obtain a waste tire rubber film with a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0074] 2. Preparation of negative electrode friction layer materials:

[0075] Dissolve polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder in N,N-dimethylformamide solution, add 2% to 10% wt of nano-silica and 0.02% to 0.1% wt of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, heat in a 40-60°C water bath with magnetic stirring for 3 to 6 hours, pour into a mold with sandpaper after complete dissolution, let stand for 24 hours until the solvent evaporates completely to obtain a modified PVDF film with a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0076] The positive and negative electrode friction layers may be specifically: the positive electrode friction layer is a nylon film, and the negative electrode friction layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride film.

[0077] The positive and negative electrode friction layers may be specifically: the positive electrode friction layer is a waste tire rubber powder film, and the negative electrode friction layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

[0078] The present invention innovatively proposes a friction electric nanogenerator with waste tire rubber powder as the core material, which not only opens up a new path for the resource utilization of waste tire rubber powder, but also further designs a self-powered intelligent aggregate 103 system to achieve long-term and effective monitoring of pavement structure performance, thus taking an important step in resource recycling and intelligent road maintenance.

[0079] The fixed sleeve 51 is provided with a first slideway 511, the lower part of the telescopic rod 52 is provided with a second slideway 521 and its direction is the same as that of the first slideway 511, a cross bar 522 is fixed in the second slideway 521, one end of the first connecting rod 43 is a two-tooth fork structure, the two-tooth fork structure is movable forked in the second slideway 521 and is clamped with the cross bar 522, one end of the first connecting rod 43 passes through the first slideway 511 and the second slideway 521, when the telescopic rod 52 slides up and down along the fixed sleeve 51, one end of the first connecting rod 43 slides up and down along the first slideway 511 driven by the telescopic rod 52. With such a design, the length of the two-tooth fork structure needs to ensure that the first connecting rod 43 does not separate from the cross bar 522 when swinging up and down. The first slideway 511 is provided to provide a movable space for the first connecting rod 43 to swing up and down.

[0080] The elastic connector 3 includes a connecting column 31 and a second spring 32, wherein the top of the connecting column 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic housing 1, and the two ends of the second spring 32 are respectively fixedly connected between the bottom of the connecting column 31 and the top of the parallel friction nanogenerator 2. With such a design, the connecting column 31 is preferably fixedly installed in the middle position of the top of the telescopic housing 1.

[0081] The telescopic housing 1 includes a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, and a telescopic body 13 installed between the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. The top end of the telescopic rod 52 and the top end of the elastic connector 3 are both fixedly connected to the top plate 11, and the bottom end of the fixed sleeve 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 12. With such a design, the telescopic body 13 is any three-dimensional structure capable of achieving extension and contraction, such as two rectangular cylindrical structures of different sizes coaxially sheathed and connected in an up-and-down sliding manner, or a pleated cylindrical structure.

[0082] The telescopic body 13 is made of transparent material. Such a design makes the telescopic housing 1 visual, and then facilitates the observation of the state of the internal structure of the telescopic housing 1 and facilitates maintenance.

[0083] A self-powered intelligent aggregate system based on the above-mentioned triboelectric nanogenerator includes a triboelectric nanogenerator 100, a rectifier 101, an energy storage capacitor 102 and an intelligent aggregate 103, wherein the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 is provided with a circuit system connected to the parallel triboelectric nanogenerator 2, the intelligent aggregate 103 is embedded with a posture sensor, and the posture sensor is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor 102, and the circuit system in the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 is connected to the energy storage capacitor 102 and the intelligent aggregate through the rectifier 101. The triboelectric nanogenerator 100 is a power supply device, and the intelligent aggregate 103 is an electrical device. The energy storage capacitor 102 is charged through the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 structure, thereby providing the required stable current for the intelligent aggregate 103. Long-term monitoring of the pavement structure is achieved, solving the limitation that the currently commonly used intelligent aggregate 103 needs to continuously replace the battery. The rectifier 101 is used to convert direct current and alternating current to charge the energy storage capacitor 102, thereby providing a stable power supply for the intelligent aggregate 103. The triboelectric nanogenerator 100 and the rectifier 101, the rectifier 101 and the energy storage capacitor 102, the rectifier 101 and the smart aggregate 103, and the energy storage capacitor 102 and the smart aggregate 103 are all connected by wires. The shell shape of the smart aggregate 103 is obtained by 3D printing, which is obtained by industrial CT scanning of aggregates in real asphalt mixture; the attitude sensor is a nine-axis attitude sensor.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a telescopic housing (1), a parallel friction nanogenerator (2) arranged inside the telescopic housing (1), an elastic connecting member (3), a driving assembly (4), and four telescopic sleeve rods (5) arranged vertically and opposite to each other, wherein: The telescopic sleeve (5) comprises a fixed sleeve (51) and a telescopic rod (52) which is slidably installed in the fixed sleeve (51) up and down. The elastic connecting member (3) is connected between the top end of the telescopic housing (1) and the top end of the parallel friction nanogenerator (2). The bottom end of the parallel friction nanogenerator (2) is fixed between four fixed sleeves (51). The driving assembly (4) is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator (2) and its output end is respectively connected to four telescopic rods (52). When a downward mechanical force is applied to the telescopic housing (1), the four telescopic sleeves (5) and the elastic connector (3) are synchronously contracted downward, so that the friction layers (24) of the parallel friction nanogenerators (2) are in contact. When the downward mechanical force applied disappears, the elastic connector (3) is reset, driving the telescopic sleeves (5) and the telescopic housing (1) to expand upward, so that the friction layers (24) of the parallel friction nanogenerators (2) are separated. Through the contact-separation cycle of the friction layers (24), the downward mechanical energy applied to the telescopic housing (1) is converted into electrical energy. When the telescopic housing (1) is not subjected to downward mechanical force for a long time, resulting in no electrical energy output, the four telescopic sleeve rods (5) are controlled to be telescoped by the driving component (4), so that the friction layer (24) of the parallel friction nanogenerator (2) performs a contact-separation cycle, thereby achieving continuous output of electrical energy.

2. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (4) comprises a mounting base (41), a driving structure (42), two pairs of first connecting rods (43), a pair of second connecting rods (44), a spiral adjustment rod (45), a pair of gears (46), a first support base (47) and two second support bases (48), wherein the mounting base (41) is located below the parallel friction nanogenerator (2) and is fixedly connected to the lower part of four fixed sleeves (51), the two pairs of first connecting rods (43) are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located between two telescopic sleeves (5) on the same side thereof, one end of each pair of first connecting rods (43) is correspondingly and movably inserted into the lower part of the two telescopic rods (52), and the two pairs of The other ends of the first connecting rods (43) are fixedly connected to the two ends of a pair of second connecting rods (44) in pairs. The pair of second connecting rods (44) are arranged in parallel. The middle part of each second connecting rod (44) is rotatably mounted on the first support seat (47). The two ends of the pair of second connecting rods (44) are rotatably mounted on the two second support seats (48) in correspondence. A pair of gears (46) are respectively mounted on the pair of second connecting rods (44) and are arranged in a staggered manner. The spiral adjustment rod (45) is located between the pair of gears (46). The spiral adjustment rod (45) is controlled to rotate by the driving structure (42), thereby driving the pair of gears (46) to rotate relative to or towards each other.

3. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving structure (42) comprises a driving motor (421), a magnet (422), an automatic control system and a storage battery (424), wherein one end of the spiral adjustment rod (45) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor (421) via a connecting shaft (425), the magnet (422) is mounted on the connecting shaft (425), the automatic control system detects the change in the motion state of the magnet (422), controls the start and stop of the driving motor (421) according to the detected change in the motion state of the magnet (422), and the storage battery (424) supplies power to the automatic control system.

4. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel-connected friction nanogenerator (2) comprises a plurality of friction nanogenerator bodies arranged in parallel up and down, each friction nanogenerator body comprises two pole plates (21) arranged in parallel up and down and a plurality of first springs (22) fixedly mounted between the two pole plates (21), conductive copper sheets (23) are adhered to opposite sides of the two pole plates (21), friction layers (24) are adhered to opposite sides of the two conductive copper sheets (23), two friction nanogenerator bodies adjacent to each other share one pole plate (21), the pole plate (21) located at the bottom is fixedly mounted between four fixed sleeves (51), and the pole plate (21) located at the top is connected to the elastic connector (3).

5. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: In each friction nanogenerator body, the two friction layers (24) are respectively a positive electrode friction layer and a negative electrode friction layer, wherein the positive electrode friction layer is a waste tire powder film, and the negative electrode friction layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride film.

6. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed sleeve (51) is provided with a first slideway (511), the lower part of the telescopic rod (52) is provided with a second slideway (521) and its direction is the same as that of the first slideway (511), a cross bar (522) is fixedly installed in the second slideway (521), one end of the first connecting rod (43) is a two-tooth fork-shaped structure, and the two-tooth fork-shaped structure is movable forked in the second slideway (521) and is clamped with the cross bar (522), one end of the first connecting rod (43) passes through the first slideway (511) and the second slideway (521), when the telescopic rod (52) slides up and down along the fixed sleeve (51), one end of the first connecting rod (43) slides up and down along the first slideway (511) driven by the telescopic rod (52).

7. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic connecting member (3) comprises a connecting column (31) and a second spring (32), wherein the top end of the connecting column (31) is fixedly connected to the top end of the telescopic housing (1), and the two ends of the second spring (32) are respectively fixedly connected between the bottom end of the connecting column (31) and the top end of the parallel friction nanogenerator (2).

8. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic housing (1) comprises a top plate (11), a bottom plate (12) and a telescopic body (13) installed between the top plate (11) and the bottom plate (12); the top end of the telescopic rod (52) and the top end of the elastic connecting member (3) are both fixedly connected to the top plate (11); and the bottom end of the fixed sleeve (51) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (12).

9. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic body (13) is made of transparent material.

10. A self-powered smart aggregate system based on the triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a triboelectric nanogenerator (100), a rectifier (101), an energy storage capacitor (102) and a smart aggregate (103), wherein the triboelectric nanogenerator (100) is provided with a circuit system connected to a parallel triboelectric nanogenerator (2), the smart aggregate (103) is embedded with a posture sensor, and the posture sensor is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor (102), and the circuit system in the triboelectric nanogenerator (100) is connected to the energy storage capacitor (102) and the smart aggregate through the rectifier (101).

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