Public network ultra-long-distance low-delay communication gateway for weak signal environment

Abstract

The invention provides a public network ultra-long-distance low-delay communication gateway for a weak signal environment, and aims to solve the problem that signals are weak or no signals exist in weak public network areas (such as urban underground parking lots and remote mountainous areas), a WIOTa wireless communication LPWAN protocol is adopted, the WIOTa protocol is used as a supplement of communication technologies such as 5G and the like, and the weak signal environment-oriented public network ultra-long-distance low-delay communication gateway is provided. Through fusion of a 5G high-broadband technology and a WIoTa asynchronous mechanism, the problem of high time delay of a traditional Internet of Things technology, the problem of signal seamless coverage of underground space and the problem of long-distance transmission coverage of remote mountainous areas are effectively solved, and a spectrum optimization algorithm is further designed, so that the vehicle network interaction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to technical fields such as gateway communications and the Internet of Things, and in particular to a public network ultra-long-distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments. Background Art

[0002] In the vehicle-pile-network system, gateway communication is a key technology for interconnecting smart devices, supporting data transmission, processing, and response between devices. Wide-area coverage and low-power connectivity are achieved through communication protocols, ensuring efficient device connectivity in diverse environments. In existing communication technologies, to address signal coverage issues in areas with weak public networks (such as urban underground parking lots and remote mountainous areas), traditional vehicle-pile-network system gateway communication is typically implemented using methods such as Wi-Fi or LAN extensions, LPWAN protocols such as LoRa, cellular networks (4G / 5G), and traditional RS485 wired communications.

[0003] In practical applications, Wi-Fi or local area network (LAN) expansion uses multiple Wi-Fi access points to extend network coverage. This is suitable for small areas, offering high transmission rates and low costs. However, signal penetration is poor in larger areas, and equipment installation and maintenance costs are high. LoRa technology offers low power consumption and long-range coverage, making it suitable for data transmission in remote areas. However, LoRa's transmission rate and bandwidth are limited, and signal attenuation is rapid in confined spaces, making it difficult to ensure network stability and real-time data transmission. Cellular networks (such as 4G and 5G) offer advantages in bandwidth and data throughput, but base station construction costs are high in remote mountainous areas and underground spaces, and signal coverage is poor in confined spaces, requiring the addition of signal amplification equipment to enhance coverage. In scenarios such as environmental monitoring, RS485 wired communication offers the advantage of strong interference resistance, but high wiring costs and poor scalability make it suitable for small-scale, low-data-volume transmission and lacks flexibility. Existing technical solutions cannot achieve a balance between wide coverage, low power consumption, and low cost. This is particularly true in large-scale vehicle-to-pile-network deployments, where resource utilization, signal coverage, flexibility, and affordability are limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, to address the problem of weak or no signal in areas with weak public network (such as urban underground parking lots, remote mountainous areas, etc.), the present invention proposes to adopt the WIoTa wireless communication LPWAN protocol, using the WIoTa protocol as a supplement to communication technologies such as 5G. By integrating 5G high-bandwidth technology with the WIoTa asynchronous mechanism, it effectively solves the high latency problem of traditional IoT technology, as well as the problem of seamless signal coverage in underground spaces and the problem of long-distance transmission coverage in remote mountainous areas. It also further designs a spectrum optimization algorithm to improve the efficiency of vehicle-network interaction.

[0005] The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A public network ultra-long-distance, low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments: Utilizing the WIoTa protocol as a supplement to 5G communications, and integrating 5G with WIoTa, ultra-long-distance, low-latency communications over the public network are achieved.

[0007] Furthermore, the hardware structure of the gateway includes at least: a main control MCU, an RS485 communication unit, a WIoTa communication unit, a "vehicle-pile-network" communication gateway and a 5G communication unit; the 5G communication unit and the WIoTa communication unit are respectively connected to the main control MCU;

[0008] RS485 sensors collect sensor data through the RS485 communication unit. The collected data is transmitted to the main control MCU for processing. The main control MCU controls and communicates with the WIoTa communication unit to ensure that all devices in the "vehicle-pile-network" environment are connected through the WIoTa network.

[0009] The "vehicle-charging pile-network" communication gateway receives data from the main control MCU through the WIoTa communication unit, which is used for communication between the vehicle, charging pile and network; the 5G communication unit realizes remote data transmission through the 5G antenna to support a wide range of communication needs.

[0010] Furthermore, the main control MCU exchanges data with local sensors and control systems through the RS485 communication unit, and communicates with the remote server through the 5G communication unit; the 5G communication unit transmits the control instructions received from the remote server to the main control MCU, and the main control MCU then transmits the instructions to the sensing and execution module through the RS485 communication unit to realize remote control of local equipment; the 5G communication unit is used to realize remote communication between the "vehicle-pile-network" system and the remote server or management platform, thereby supporting remote monitoring and management of vehicles, charging piles and gateways.

[0011] Furthermore, the workflow of the WIoTa communication unit is as follows: in the initial stage, verify whether the WIoTa communication function is operating normally; after confirming that it is normal, execute the module initialization step and configure the vehicle identification code; then, activate the communication protocol stack and check the current network connection status; if it is not connected to the network, perform spectrum scanning to determine the available system frequency, and save the preferred frequency and corresponding subsystem ID based on the signal quality; when it is confirmed that the network is connected, set the frequency and configure the necessary system parameters and save them; finally, try to access the gateway and verify the validity of the connection; if the connection attempt is unsuccessful, return to the spectrum scanning stage to re-acquire the network parameters; if the connection is successful, the process is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the integration of 5G and WIoTa is specifically achieved through a multimodal access controller to realize the integration of 5G network and WIoTa asynchronous mechanism; the multimodal access controller dynamically adjusts the network access policy according to the real-time status and network conditions of the user terminal to achieve smooth switching of the user terminal between the 5G network and the WIoTa network; and through the status prediction module, uses historical data and real-time monitoring data to predict the mobility trend and network demand of the user terminal to optimize the switching decision.

[0013] Furthermore, the integration of 5G and WIoTa also includes: signal scrambling and interference whitening processing using WIoTa's USER ID; and network slicing management through a slice mapping algorithm.

[0014] Furthermore, the gateway dynamically adjusts and optimizes spectrum resource allocation by analyzing and predicting spectrum usage in the vehicle-pile-network communication environment. It allocates optimal spectrum resources based on the device's location, communication needs, and environmental changes, including the following steps:

[0015] Data collection, including deploying sensors and monitoring equipment at charging stations, vehicles, and network base stations to collect real-time spectrum usage data, including signal strength, interference levels, and vehicle density; as well as environmental parameters, including parking lot building density and weather conditions;

[0016] Data preprocessing, including denoising, normalization, and data cleaning;

[0017] Vehicle behavior analysis includes: analyzing historical vehicle communication data, identifying communication patterns and behavioral trends, including peak charging times and commonly used frequency bands, and clustering vehicle behavior using the K-means algorithm; then, predicting future communication needs, including peak usage times and commonly used frequency bands; and finally, using the analysis results to model vehicle behavior.

[0018] Spectrum prediction, including:

[0019] Develop spectrum usage prediction models using time series analysis:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, X t is the spectrum usage at time t, c is a constant term, φ j is the autoregressive coefficient, θ j is the moving average coefficient, ε t It is white noise;

[0022] Use neural network prediction models to predict future spectrum usage trends;

[0023] Based on the forecast results, spectrum resources are planned in advance to cope with periods of high demand;

[0024] Resource allocation decisions, including:

[0025] Based on the prediction model and real-time data, the resource allocation engine determines the optimal spectrum resource allocation plan, prioritizing the communication needs of charging stations and vehicles. It uses linear programming to allocate spectrum resources:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, u i is the utility function of vehicle i, x i is the spectrum resource allocated to vehicle i, a ij is the impact of spectrum resource i on constraint j, b j is the upper limit of constraint j;

[0028] Optimize the allocation of spectrum resources to ensure sufficient spectrum resources for high-priority communication tasks such as charging status updates and fault reporting.

[0029] Dynamically adjust spectrum resource allocation by considering vehicle behavior analysis and environmental changes.

[0030] Furthermore, spectrum optimization also includes interference management:

[0031] Identify and predict potential spectrum interference sources and calculate interference probability:

[0032] P interf =1-Π k∈non-interfering sets (1-p k )

[0033] Among them, P interf is the probability of interference occurring, p k is the probability of interference occurring at device k;

[0034] Reduce or avoid interference by adjusting spectrum allocation strategies;

[0035] Implement interference mitigation measures including spectrum sensing or dynamic spectrum access.

[0036] Furthermore, spectrum optimization also includes policy execution and monitoring:

[0037] Execute the selected spectrum optimization strategy;

[0038] Use the utility function to monitor the effectiveness of strategy execution:

[0039]

[0040] Where U(x) is the total utility, ui (x i ) is the utility function of vehicle i;

[0041] Adjust and optimize strategies based on monitoring results to achieve continuous optimization.

[0042] Furthermore, spectrum optimization also includes feedback and iteration:

[0043] Collect feedback data on strategy execution;

[0044] Use feedback data to update vehicle behavior models and spectrum prediction models to improve prediction accuracy;

[0045] Iteratively optimize the algorithm to adapt to changes in the communication environment and vehicle requirements.

[0046] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention and its preferred solution take into account the problem of weak or no signal in urban underground parking lots and remote mountainous areas, adopt the WIoTa wireless communication LPWAN protocol, integrate the 5G high-bandwidth technology with the WIoTa asynchronous mechanism, use the WIoTa protocol as a supplement to 5G and other communication technologies, and further design a spectrum optimization algorithm. Compared with traditional IoT communication solutions (such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, 4G / 5G), WIoTa has unique advantages in high concurrency, wide coverage, low power consumption, anti-interference and security. It is particularly suitable for complex environments such as urban underground parking lots and remote mountainous areas, as well as connection scenarios in the Internet of Things that require high density, low power consumption and high security. This application proposal effectively solves the high latency problem of traditional Internet of Things technology, as well as the problem of seamless signal coverage in underground space and long-distance transmission coverage in remote mountainous areas, and improves the efficiency of vehicle-network interaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0048] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the gateway communication architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a diagram of optional technical modules for the integration of WIoTa and 5G in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the WIoTa terminal program according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a spectrum optimization algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on these detailed descriptions, those skilled in the art will be able to clearly understand the present application and implement the present application. Without violating the principles of the present application, the features of different embodiments may be combined to obtain new implementations, or certain features of certain embodiments may be substituted to obtain other preferred implementations.

[0053] To make the features and advantages of this patent more clearly understood, the following embodiments are specifically described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0054] The embodiment of the present invention first addresses the problem of weak or no signal in weak public network areas (such as urban underground parking lots, remote mountainous areas, etc.), and proposes a "vehicle-pile-network" public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway using the WIoTa wireless communication LPWAN protocol. Its architecture Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it offers advantages such as wide coverage, low power consumption, large capacity, low cost, and flexible deployment configuration. By utilizing the WIoTa protocol as a complement to 5G and other communication technologies, integrating 5G high-bandwidth technology with WIoTa's asynchronous mechanism, it effectively addresses the high latency issues of traditional IoT technologies, as well as seamless signal coverage in underground spaces and long-distance transmission coverage in remote mountainous areas. This improves the efficiency of vehicle-network interaction in areas with weak public network connectivity. Finally, a spectrum optimization algorithm was designed to improve communication efficiency and reduce interference in the "vehicle-pile-network" system.

[0055] The following details the main functional components and implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention:

[0056] Power management and master initialization

[0057] The power management unit provides power for the entire system, including the main control MCU, RS485 communication unit, WIoTa communication unit, "vehicle-pile-network" communication gateway, 5G communication unit and other modules, ensuring that each module can work normally.

[0058] The main control MCU is responsible for the overall control of the system, receiving and processing data from each communication module, and sending control instructions to each module as needed.

[0059] Data acquisition and communication

[0060] RS485 sensors collect sensor data via the RS485 communication unit. The bidirectional arrows between the RS485 communication unit and the sensor represent data collection and feedback. The collected data is then transmitted to the master MCU for processing. The master MCU can perform real-time control based on the sensor data, such as adjusting power management parameters or notifying other modules. The master MCU controls and communicates with the WIoTa communication unit, ensuring that all devices in the "vehicle-pile-network" environment are connected via the WIoTa network. This allows data to be uploaded to a remote server and commands to be received from it.

[0061] Vehicle-to-pile communication and information transmission

[0062] The "vehicle-pile-network" communication gateway receives data from the main control MCU through the WIoTa communication unit, and is responsible for communication between the vehicle, charging pile and network. This gateway ensures data exchange between the vehicle, charging pile and management background. The "vehicle-pile-network" communication gateway is connected to the remote network through the antenna, and establishes a connection with the vehicle and charging pile through wired or short-range wireless communication. This structure allows the gateway to aggregate the data of the vehicle and charging pile and upload it to the remote server through the antenna, while receiving remote instructions and distributing them to the vehicle and charging pile. The 5G communication unit realizes remote data transmission through the 5G antenna, uploads real-time data to the server or receives control instructions issued by the server to support communication needs in a wide range. By integrating 5G high-bandwidth technology with the WIoTa asynchronous mechanism, the low latency advantages of 5G technology and the wide coverage and low power consumption advantages of the WIoTa protocol are combined as optional or preferred specific fusion technology modules such as Figure 2 As shown:

[0063] (1) Heterogeneous network access management: By designing a multimodal access controller (MMAC), a seamless integration of the 5G network and the WIoTa asynchronous mechanism is achieved. The MMAC can dynamically adjust the network access policy based on the real-time status of the user terminal (UE) and network conditions, enabling smooth switching of the UE between the 5G network and the WIoTa network. It also includes a state prediction module that uses historical data and real-time monitoring data to predict the UE's mobility trends and network requirements to optimize switching decisions.

[0064] (2) Signal scrambling and interference whitening: Data scrambling is performed using WIoTa's user ID, combined with a chaotic mapping algorithm to improve data transmission security. At the same time, a machine learning-based interference whitening algorithm analyzes signal characteristics and interference patterns, dynamically adjusts signal scrambling parameters, and implements adaptive interference whitening, reducing the impact of interference between different networks.

[0065] (3) Network Slice Management: Network slicing technology is introduced, and a slice mapping algorithm is used to intelligently match service requirements with network slices. This algorithm can automatically allocate the most appropriate network slice based on the service's QoS requirements, data traffic, and security requirements. In addition, a blockchain-based management method for the correspondence between slice IDs and entry IDs (NF IDs) ensures that data is efficiently directed to the corresponding network slice entry, while improving the traceability and security of network slices.

[0066] (4) Intelligent resource allocation: Incorporating artificial intelligence technology, we introduce an intelligent resource allocation algorithm based on deep learning. This algorithm can dynamically adjust resource allocation strategies based on network load, user demand, and service quality requirements. Leveraging the cloud computing platform, we can achieve real-time monitoring and optimized resource allocation, improving resource utilization efficiency in 5G and Wi-Fi networks.

[0067] (5) High-Frequency Communication Technology: For high-frequency communication technology, a low-complexity beamforming technology is used. By optimizing the beamforming algorithm, the computational complexity of the millimeter-wave MIMO system is reduced, while improving the system's performance and energy efficiency. In addition, beam management technology based on environmental awareness is used to dynamically adjust beam parameters according to environmental changes to adapt to different communication scenarios.

[0068] (6) Security and Privacy Protection: The introduction of Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) technology, combined with the AES128 data encryption engine, builds a multi-layered security protection system. PUF technology is used to generate a unique device identity key, while the AES128 encryption engine is used to protect the security and privacy of data transmission. In addition, through a security detection mechanism based on user behavior analysis, abnormal behavior can be monitored in real time and security threats can be responded to promptly.

[0069] Data feedback and control

[0070] Two-way communication between the vehicle and the charging pile enables real-time transmission of charging status, fault reporting, and billing data. The main control MCU exchanges data with local sensors and control systems through the RS485 communication unit, and communicates with the remote server through the 5G communication unit. The control instructions received by the 5G communication unit from the remote server are transmitted to the main control MCU, which then transmits the instructions to the specific sensing and execution modules through the RS485 communication unit to achieve remote control of the local device. This architecture ensures that the remote control instructions of the 5G network can be transmitted to the local sensing and execution devices through the main control MCU and RS485 communication unit. In this architecture, the main function of the 5G communication unit is to realize remote communication between the "vehicle-pile-network" system and the remote server or management platform, thereby supporting remote monitoring and management of vehicles, charging piles, and gateways. Specific functions include (1) “Car-pile-network” data upload: The 5G communication unit collects data in the car-pile-network system (such as vehicle charging status, charging pile operating parameters, environmental sensor data, etc.) through the main control MCU, and uploads this data to the remote server or management platform through the 5G network, realizing real-time monitoring and data analysis of the entire “car-pile-network” environment. (2) Receiving remote control instructions: The 5G communication unit receives control instructions from the remote server and passes them to the main control MCU. The main control MCU further sends these instructions to the “car-pile-network” communication gateway or related modules to control the operating status of vehicles, charging piles and other equipment, and realize remote management, such as starting or stopping charging. (3) Expanding the communication range of “car-pile-network”: Utilizing the high bandwidth and low latency characteristics of the 5G network, the 5G communication unit ensures that the “car-pile-network” system can achieve high-speed and reliable data transmission and command response in a wide area, enabling the system to adapt to large-scale car-pile-network application scenarios.

[0071] The following is a further introduction to the design of the main functional modules of the present invention:

[0072] 1. WIoTa Communication Module Design

[0073] (1) WIoTa terminal program flow

[0074] The WIoTa terminal program mainly includes the standardized initialization and network access process of the WIoTa communication module. In the initial stage, the system will verify whether the WIoTa communication function is operating normally. After confirming that it is normal, the module initialization steps are executed and the user identification code (USER ID) is configured. Subsequently, the communication protocol stack is activated and the current network connection status is checked. If it is not connected to the network, the system will perform a spectrum scan to determine the available system frequencies, and save the preferred frequency and corresponding subsystem ID based on the signal quality. If it is confirmed that the network is connected, the system will set the frequency and configure the necessary system parameters, and save these parameters for subsequent use. Finally, the system attempts to access the gateway and verify the validity of the connection. If the connection attempt is unsuccessful, the system will return to the spectrum scan stage to re-acquire the network parameters; if the connection is successful, the entire process is completed.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0076] Step 1: Check WIoTa communication status

[0077] The system first checks the status of the WIoTa communication module to determine whether communication is normal. If communication is normal, the process continues to the next step. If communication is not normal, the process returns and rechecks the communication status until communication is normal again.

[0078] Step 2: Module initialization

[0079] Once the WIoTa communication is confirmed to be normal, start initializing the WIoTa module. This is the basic module setup step, ensuring that the module is in an operational state and ready for subsequent configuration.

[0080] Specific steps for module initialization:

[0081] (1) Power management initialization:

[0082] Ensure that the module's power supply voltage and current are within the normal range and enable the power management function.

[0083] After confirming that the power supply is stable, activate the module's core circuit and communication chip to provide a basis for initial configuration.

[0084] (2) Hardware self-test:

[0085] The module performs an internal hardware self-test, which includes checking the status of the memory, processor, and interface circuits.

[0086] The purpose of the self-test is to confirm that there are no hardware failures and that all necessary components are functioning properly.

[0087] (3) Communication interface configuration:

[0088] According to system requirements, configure the module's communication interface, such as UART, SPI, or I2C, so that the module can exchange data with the main control MCU or other external devices.

[0089] Set the interface parameters such as baud rate and parity to ensure the stability and compatibility of data transmission.

[0090] (4) Wireless frequency calibration:

[0091] To ensure the communication quality of the WIoTa module, the module calibrates its radio frequency unit to ensure that the frequency is within the specified range. Frequency calibration can reduce signal interference and improve the module's communication efficiency.

[0092] (5) Protocol stack initialization:

[0093] Start the basic modules in the WIoTa protocol stack, such as the MAC layer and PHY layer.

[0094] The initialization of these basic protocol layers ensures that the module has the basic functions of the communication protocol and prepares for subsequent network connection and data transmission.

[0095] (6) Memory cleaning and configuration loading:

[0096] Clear the temporary memory inside the module and load the factory default configuration or the last stored configuration parameters.

[0097] Set some basic parameters (such as the module's operating mode, default frequency band, etc.). These parameters will serve as the basic configuration after initialization.

[0098] (7) Status indication:

[0099] After the module is initialized, it will notify the system of its current status through status indicators, signals, etc., indicating that the module has completed initialization and entered the standby state, waiting for further configuration.

[0100] This step is to facilitate the main control MCU or system management module to promptly identify the status of the module and start the next step of network configuration.

[0101] Step 3: Set up your user ID

[0102] After initialization is complete, the system configures a user ID (USER ID) for the WIoTa module. The USER ID is the module's unique identifier and is used for identification in subsequent network connections and data transmission.

[0103] Step 4: Start the protocol stack

[0104] After configuring the user ID, start the WIoTa protocol stack. After the protocol stack is started, the module has communication capabilities and can interact and connect in the WIoTa network.

[0105] Step 5: Network scanning and system frequency acquisition

[0106] The system checks to see if it has been connected to a network before. If it has not been connected to a network before, the system will begin scanning the frequency band to obtain available frequencies for the system. If it has been connected to a network before, the scan will be skipped and the next step will be directly performed.

[0107] If a frequency scan is performed, the system will select and save the frequency and subsystem ID of the best signal based on the signal priority.

[0108] Step 6: Frequency setting

[0109] The system checks whether a new frequency needs to be set. If so, the system sets the best frequency found as the current frequency for network connection.

[0110] Step 7: Configure system parameters

[0111] The system configures the WIoTa module's system parameters based on network requirements. These parameters include the various parameters required by the communication protocol to ensure the module can successfully join the network.

[0112] Step 8: Connect to the gateway

[0113] The system attempts to connect to the WIoTa network gateway. If the connection is successful, it proceeds to the next step. If the connection is unsuccessful, the system returns and tries to connect to the gateway again.

[0114] Step 9: Check the connection status

[0115] The system checks again whether it is connected to the gateway successfully. If the connection is successful, the process enters the data transmission stage.

[0116] If the connection is unsuccessful, go back and keep trying to connect until it succeeds.

[0117] Step 10: Data Transmission

[0118] Once connected to the gateway, the WIoTa module begins data transmission. The system then transmits the collected data to the designated recipient via the WIoTa network as needed.

[0119] Step 11: Configure PAGINGRX parameters

[0120] After the data transmission is completed, the system configures the PAGINGRX parameter. This parameter is used to control the module's wake-up and sleep mechanisms. After the setting is completed, proceed to the next step.

[0121] Step 12: Enter sleep mode

[0122] After the WIoTa module is configured, it enters a dormant state to reduce power consumption. In the dormant state, the module will not perform any data transmission and will only be awakened under specific conditions.

[0123] Step 13: Air wake-up check

[0124] The system periodically checks whether the module needs to be woken up over the air. If not, the module remains in sleep mode until the next wake-up check. If wake-up is required, the module wakes up from sleep mode and re-enters the module initialization process.

[0125] (2) Function usage instructions

[0126] (1) Step 1: Module initialization

[0127] Bool wiota_init(void);

[0128] Wiota_check(CHECK_WIOTA_AT); Check the on / off status of AT commands

[0129] Wiota_check(CHECK_WIOTA_VERSION); Get WIoTa firmware version

[0130] Wiota_init_is_ready(void); Confirm whether the WIoTa module can be initialized

[0131] AT+WIOTARUN=1; start the protocol stack

[0132] (2) Step 2: Set USERID

[0133] Get the SN, convert the last 10 digits of the SN into a 4-digit hexadecimal number, and use it as the module's USERID; AT+WIOTAUSERID=0xAAAAAAAA; set the USERID;

[0134] (3) Step 3: Set the frequency and obtain the subsystem ID

[0135] Get system parameters and confirm whether it is the first time to connect to the network. If not, use the frequency and subsystem ID saved by the system to set the communication frequency: AT+WIOTAFREQ=; set system configuration parameters: AT+WIOTACONFIG=.

[0136] If it is the first time, call the frequency scanning function: wiota_scan_freq(void); the scanning frequency is a fixed frequency list. Based on the frequency scanning results, the frequency information with the best signal is saved and the parameters are set to the WIoTa module.

[0137] (4) Step 4: Connect to the WIoTa Gateway

[0138] AT+WIOTACONNECT=1,3. After the connection is completed, get the connection status of the module: AT+WIOTACONNECT? to determine whether the connection is successful. If the connection is unsuccessful, you need to continue to connect. If the connection fails several times, you need to repeat step (3).

[0139] (5) Step 5: Send data

[0140] AT+WIOTASEND=X,X; send data packet after receiving “>”.

[0141] (6) Step 6: Module sleep

[0142] If you do not need to use the air wake-up function, call the WIoTa module power control interface to turn off the module power.

[0143] If you need to use the over-the-air wake-up function, you must first set the PAGINGRX parameter: AT+WIOTAPAGINGRX=; set it to sleep: AT+WIOTALPM=; wait for the over-the-air wake-up signal, and reinitialize the module after waking up.

[0144] (3) Terminal module system parameters

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] The three parameters c, d, and f affect the system communication performance and need to be discussed and confirmed as needed.

[0148] (4) WIoTa message instruction format

[0149] (1) Message composition

[0150]

[0151] Description of each paragraph:

[0152] T: 1 byte start character = AA

[0153] A: 1-byte length value = 1-byte length itself + 1-byte command length + message length

[0154] B: Issued according to business needs

[0155] C: Issued according to business needs

[0156] D: 2-byte crc16 = (2-byte length + 1-byte command + message) crc16 operation result

[0157] E: 1 byte terminator = BB (2) communication command

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] Description of each paragraph:

[0161] 1Len means 1 byte length, occupies 1 byte, followed by the actual data content

[0162] 4Size means that 4 bytes are used to represent the size, and no bytes are occupied

[0163] 1Type indicates that the type occupies 1 byte

[0164] 4IP means using 4 bytes to fill the IP address, which does not occupy any bytes, such as 192 168 1 100

[0165] 2Port means fill the port with 2 bytes.

[0166] 2. Spectrum Optimization Algorithm Design

[0167] The spectrum optimization algorithm aims to dynamically adjust and optimize spectrum resource allocation by intelligently analyzing and predicting spectrum usage in the "vehicle-pile-network" communication environment. The algorithm can intelligently allocate optimal spectrum resources based on the device's location, communication needs, and environmental changes to improve communication efficiency and reduce interference. The detailed process is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0168] Step 1: Data collection and preprocessing

[0169] (1) Deploy sensors and monitoring equipment at charging stations, vehicles, and network base stations to collect real-time spectrum usage data, including signal strength, interference level, user (vehicle) density, etc.

[0170] (2) Collect environmental parameters, such as parking lot building density, weather conditions, etc., which may affect the propagation of wireless signals.

[0171] (3) Preprocess the collected data, including denoising, normalization, data cleaning, etc., to improve data quality. The normalization processing formula is as follows:

[0172]

[0173] Among them, x is the original data, μ is the mean of the data, σ is the standard deviation of the data, and x' is the normalized data.

[0174] Step 2: User behavior analysis

[0175] (1) Analyze historical vehicle communication data, identify communication patterns and behavioral trends, such as peak charging hours and commonly used frequency bands, and use the K-means algorithm to cluster user behaviors:

[0176]

[0177] Where J is the objective function, k is the number of clusters, S i is the set of points in the i-th cluster, μ i is the center point of the i-th cluster.

[0178] (2) Predict future communication needs, including peak usage periods, commonly used frequency bands, etc.

[0179] (3) Use these analysis results to model vehicle behavior to better understand vehicle needs.

[0180] Step 3: Spectrum Prediction

[0181] (1) Using time series analysis in machine learning technology to establish a spectrum usage prediction model:

[0182]

[0183] Among them, X t is the spectrum usage at time t, c is a constant term, φ j is the autoregressive coefficient, θ j is the moving average coefficient, ε t It's white noise.

[0184] (2) Use neural network prediction models to predict future spectrum usage trends, especially during peak hours. For a simple feedforward neural network, the output It can be expressed as:

[0185]

[0186] Where σ is the activation function, W is the weight matrix, x is the input vector, and b is the bias vector.

[0187] (3) Based on the prediction results, spectrum resources are planned in advance to cope with high-demand periods.

[0188] Step 4: Resource Allocation Decision

[0189] (1) Based on the prediction model and real-time data, the resource allocation engine determines the optimal spectrum resource allocation plan, giving priority to the communication needs of charging piles and vehicles. Spectrum resources are allocated using linear programming:

[0190]

[0191] Among them, u i is the utility function of user i, x i is the spectrum resource allocated to user i, a ij is the impact of spectrum resource i on constraint j, b j is the upper bound of constraint j.

[0192] (2) Optimize the allocation of spectrum resources to ensure that high-priority communication tasks (such as charging status updates, fault reports, etc.) have sufficient spectrum resources.

[0193] (3) Dynamically adjust spectrum resource allocation by considering vehicle behavior analysis and environmental changes.

[0194] Step 5: Interference Management

[0195] (1) Identify and predict potential spectrum interference sources, such as communications from other vehicles and signals from nearby base stations, and calculate the probability of interference:

[0196] P interf =1-Π k∈non-interfering sets (1-p k ) (8)

[0197] Among them, P interf is the probability of interference occurring, p k is the probability that device k interferes.

[0198] (2) Reduce or avoid interference by adjusting spectrum allocation strategies, such as dynamically adjusting frequency bands in areas with dense vehicle traffic.

[0199] (3) Implement interference mitigation measures, such as spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum access.

[0200] Step 6: Strategy Execution and Monitoring

[0201] (1) Execute selected spectrum optimization strategies, such as dynamic spectrum sharing and load balancing.

[0202] (2) Use utility functions to monitor the effectiveness of strategy execution, including spectrum utilization, communication quality, and response time of charging piles and vehicles.

[0203]

[0204] Where U(x) is the total utility, ui (x i ) is the utility function of user i.

[0205] (3) Adjust and optimize strategies based on monitoring results to achieve continuous optimization.

[0206] Step 7: Compliance Check

[0207] (1) Throughout the process, continuously check whether spectrum usage complies with local regulations and international standards.

[0208] (2) Automatically adjust spectrum usage to avoid violations of regulations, such as avoiding the use of restricted frequency bands.

[0209] (3) Ensure that all spectrum optimization activities are carried out within the legal framework.

[0210] Step 8: Feedback and Iteration

[0211] (1) Collect feedback on strategy execution, including user (vehicle) feedback, system performance data, etc.

[0212] (2) Use feedback data to update user behavior models, spectrum prediction models, etc. to improve prediction accuracy.

[0213] (3) Iteratively optimize the algorithm to adapt to the changing communication environment and user needs, such as new charging technologies or updates to vehicle communication protocols.

[0214] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0215] This patent is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation method. Anyone can derive various other forms of a public network ultra-long-distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments under the inspiration of this patent. All equal changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of this invention should be covered by this patent.

Claims

1. A public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments, characterized by: The WIoTa protocol is used as a supplement to 5G communication, and through the integration of 5G and WIoTa, ultra-long-distance and low-latency communication on the public network can be achieved.

2. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gateway at least includes: a main control MCU, an RS485 communication unit, a WIoTa communication unit, a "car-pile-network" communication gateway and a 5G communication unit; the 5G communication unit and the WIoTa communication unit are respectively connected to the main control MCU; RS485 sensors collect sensor data through RS485 communication units; the collected data is transmitted to the main control MCU for processing; the main control MCU controls and communicates with the WIoTa communication unit to ensure that all devices in the "car-pile-network" environment are connected through the WIoTa network; The "vehicle-charging pile-network" communication gateway receives data from the main control MCU through the WIoTa communication unit, which is used for communication between the vehicle, charging pile and network; the 5G communication unit realizes remote data transmission through the 5G antenna, which is used to support a wide range of communication needs.

3. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main control MCU exchanges data with local sensors and control systems through the RS485 communication unit, and communicates with the remote server through the 5G communication unit; the 5G communication unit transmits the control instructions received from the remote server to the main control MCU, and the main control MCU then transmits the instructions to the sensing and execution module through the RS485 communication unit to realize remote control of local equipment; the 5G communication unit is used to realize remote communication between the "vehicle-pile-network" system and the remote server or management platform, thereby supporting remote monitoring and management of vehicles, charging piles and gateways.

4. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workflow of the WIoTa communication unit is as follows: in the initial stage, verify whether the WIoTa communication function is operating normally; after confirming that it is normal, execute the module initialization step and configure the vehicle identification code; then, activate the communication protocol stack and check the current network connection status; if it is not connected to the network, perform spectrum scanning to determine the available system frequency points, and save the preferred frequency points and corresponding subsystem IDs based on the signal quality; when confirming that the network is connected, set the frequency points and configure the necessary system parameters and save them; finally, try to access the gateway and verify the validity of the connection; if the connection attempt is unsuccessful, return to the spectrum scanning stage to re-acquire the network parameters; if the connection is successful, the process is completed.

5. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integration of 5G and WIoTa is specifically achieved through a multimodal access controller to realize the integration of 5G network and WIoTa asynchronous mechanism; the multimodal access controller dynamically adjusts the network access strategy according to the real-time status and network conditions of the user terminal to achieve smooth switching of the user terminal between the 5G network and the WIoTa network; and through a status prediction module, using historical data and real-time monitoring data, predicts the mobility trend and network demand of the user terminal to optimize the switching decision.

6. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The integration of 5G and WIoTa also includes: signal scrambling and interference whitening processing using the USER ID of WIoTa; and network slicing management through a slice mapping algorithm.

7. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gateway dynamically adjusts and optimizes spectrum resource allocation by analyzing and predicting spectrum usage in the "car-pile-network" communication environment; allocates optimal spectrum resources according to the location of the device, communication requirements and environmental changes, including the following steps: Data collection, including the deployment of sensors and monitoring equipment at charging stations, vehicles and network base stations to collect real-time spectrum usage data, including signal strength, interference levels, vehicle density; and environmental parameters, including parking lot building density and weather conditions; Data preprocessing, including denoising, normalization, and data cleaning; Vehicle behavior analysis, including: analyzing historical vehicle communication data, identifying communication patterns and behavior trends, including peak charging hours and commonly used frequency bands, and clustering vehicle behaviors using the K-means algorithm; then, predicting future communication needs, including peak usage hours and commonly used frequency bands; and finally, using the analysis results to model vehicle behavior; Spectrum prediction, including: Using time series analysis to build a spectrum usage forecast model: Among them, X t is the spectrum usage at time t, c is a constant term, φ j is the autoregressive coefficient, θ j is the moving average coefficient, ε t It is white noise; Use neural network prediction models to predict future spectrum usage trends; Based on the forecast results, spectrum resources are planned in advance to cope with high-demand periods; Resource allocation decisions, including: Based on the prediction model and real-time data, the resource allocation engine determines the optimal spectrum resource allocation scheme, giving priority to the communication needs of charging piles and vehicles; it uses linear programming to allocate spectrum resources: Among them, u i is the utility function of vehicle i, x i is the spectrum resource allocated to vehicle i, a ij is the impact of spectrum resource i on constraint j, b j is the upper limit of constraint j; Optimize the allocation of spectrum resources to ensure that high-priority communication tasks, including charging status updates and fault reports, have sufficient spectrum resources; Dynamically adjust spectrum resource allocation by considering vehicle behavior analysis and environmental changes.

8. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments according to claim 7, characterized in that: Spectrum optimization also includes interference management: Identify and predict potential spectrum interference sources and calculate interference probability: P interf =1-P k∈non-interfering sets (1-p k ) Among them, P interf is the probability of interference occurring, p k is the probability of interference occurring at device k; Reduce or avoid interference by adjusting spectrum allocation strategies; Implement interference mitigation measures including spectrum sensing or dynamic spectrum access.

9. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environments according to claim 7, characterized in that: Spectrum optimization also includes policy enforcement and monitoring: Execute the selected spectrum optimization strategy; Use the utility function to monitor the effectiveness of strategy execution: Among them, U(x) is the total utility, u i (x i ) is the utility function of vehicle i; Adjust and optimize strategies based on monitoring results to achieve continuous optimization.

10. The public network ultra-long distance low-latency communication gateway for weak signal environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: Spectrum optimization also involves feedback and iteration: Collect feedback data on strategy execution; Use feedback data to update vehicle behavior models and spectrum prediction models to improve prediction accuracy; Iteratively optimize the algorithm to adapt to changes in the communication environment and vehicle requirements.

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