A Fe-Cr based damping alloy and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a Fe-Cr-based damping alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step one: the Fe-Cr-based alloy ingot obtained by vacuum melting is kept at 900-1100°C for a certain period of time, and then cooled with the furnace; step two: the alloy material treated in step one is annealed in a high-temperature single-phase region, and then the temperature is lowered to a two-phase structure temperature region for aging treatment, and after quenching treatment, a Fe-Cr-based damping alloy having excellent mechanical properties and wide temperature range, low amplitude, and high damping is obtained. The Fe-Cr-based damping alloy prepared by the present invention has a stable damping platform within a wide temperature range and is very sensitive to low-amplitude micro-vibration response, which can improve the damping capacity of the Fe-Cr-based damping alloy within a wide temperature range at low amplitude while maintaining excellent mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and in particular relates to an Fe-Cr based damping alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology and the improvement of living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for environmental micro-vibration control. How to prepare materials that are low-cost, have excellent mechanical properties and high damping capacity is a key problem in achieving the upgrading of structural and functional integrated components such as vibration damping bases.

[0003] Compared to polymer materials, high-damping alloys are key structural and functional integrated materials that directly suppress micro-vibrations at the source due to their wider service temperature, excellent mechanical properties, and outstanding durability under load. However, the cost of most damping materials is still relatively high. For example, damping alloys such as MnCu, NiTi, and FeGa, although they have high damping capacity within a certain temperature range, the high raw material cost (market price of Mn: 15 yuan / kg; Cu: 75 yuan / kg; Ni: 110 yuan / kg; Ti: 35 yuan / kg; Ga: 2500 yuan / kg) greatly limits the application of high-damping materials in low-profit industries such as heavy industrial machining. Since its discovery in the 1960s, FeCr-based damping alloys have been widely used in large instrument bases to reduce micro-vibration and noise to a certain extent. The typical FeCr-based damping alloy grade VACROSIL is mainly composed of Fe-13%Cr and Fe-16%Cr-based alloys. After annealing at 900℃~1100℃, they can usually show high damping at low amplitude (amplitude 2×10 -5 The corresponding damping ratio SDC is 0.05). However, to date, the optimization of the damping performance of Fe-Cr damping alloys is still mainly carried out through high-temperature annealing (high-temperature annealing temperature 900℃~1100℃). Although some significant results have been achieved, the damping performance of the material has not been substantially improved at low amplitudes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Fe-Cr based damping alloy and its preparation method and application in order to solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing an Fe-Cr-based damping alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: The Fe-Cr alloy ingot obtained by vacuum melting is kept at 900-1100°C and then cooled with the furnace;

[0008] Step 2: The Fe-Cr based alloy material treated in step 1 is annealed in a high temperature single phase region, and then the temperature is lowered to a dual phase structure temperature region and then aged. After quenching, an Fe-Cr based damping alloy having excellent mechanical properties and low amplitude and high damping in a wide temperature range is obtained.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot include Fe, Cr, and Mo elements, with the mass percentages being 60-82%: 16-40%: 0-2% respectively, and the purity of Fe, Cr, and Mo elements are all greater than or equal to 99.9%.

[0010] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, in step 1, the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot is kept at 900-1100° C. for 5-72 hours under an argon protective atmosphere and then cooled along with the furnace.

[0011] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in step 2, the temperature of the annealing treatment in the high-temperature single-phase region is 700-1000° C., and the holding time is 0.5 h-72 h.

[0012] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in step 2, the temperature is lowered to the dual-phase structure temperature zone at a rate of 1-10°C / min.

[0013] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in step 2, the temperature of the aging treatment in the dual-phase structure temperature zone is 400-520° C., and the holding time is 5 min-100 h.

[0014] The present invention also provides a Fe-Cr based damping alloy, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0015] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned Fe-Cr based damping alloy in the field of preparing micro-vibration suppression materials.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) The Fe-Cr-based damping alloy prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has both excellent mechanical properties and damping properties, and is sensitive to micro-vibration response. Compared with existing Fe-Cr-based damping alloys, it has higher damping capacity at lower amplitudes;

[0018] 2) Compared with twin-type MnCu and NiTi damping alloys, the Fe-Cr-based damping alloy prepared by the present invention has low cost and stable damping value in a wide temperature range (≤300°C), which is of special significance for the upgrade of integrated components of large-scale vibration-damping structures, especially in the face of extremely cold and hot, low-amplitude micro-vibration environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The Fe-Cr based damping alloy of Example 1 of the present invention has a low amplitude of 2×10 -5 , frequency 1Hz, damping variation with temperature curve measured under forced vibration mode (a) and corresponding engineering stress-strain curve (b);

[0020] Figure 2 The Fe-Cr based damping alloy of Example 2 of the present invention has a low amplitude of 2×10 -5 , frequency 1Hz, damping variation with temperature curve measured under forced vibration mode (a) and corresponding engineering stress-strain curve (b);

[0021] Figure 3 The Fe-Cr based damping alloy of Example 3 of the present invention has a low amplitude of 2×10 -5 , frequency 1Hz, damping variation with temperature curve measured under forced vibration mode (a) and corresponding engineering stress-strain curve (b);

[0022] Figure 4 In-situ small-angle neutron scattering curves of the Fe-Cr-based damping alloy after undergoing step 3 of Example 3 of the present invention, namely, aging in the single-phase region (700° C. for 0.5 h) and aging in the dual-phase region (400° C. for 6 h);

[0023] Figure 5 Control group 1 is a curve showing the change in damping with temperature of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy that has undergone the heat treatment process in Example 1 of the present invention except for the last step of dual-phase region aging treatment;

[0024] Figure 6 The damping variation curve (a) and the corresponding engineering stress-strain curve (b) of the control group 2, that is, the Fe-Cr based damping alloy deviating from the mass percentage range of the component alloy of the present invention and undergoing the preparation method of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0026] 1. Materials

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this application are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0028] 2. Methods

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for preparing an Fe-Cr-based damping alloy comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: prepare Fe-Cr based alloy ingot by vacuum arc melting. Specifically, Fe, Cr and Mo with a purity of more than 99.9% are mixed in the proportion of 82%, 16% and 2% by mass. A vacuum melting furnace is used to heat the ingot at a vacuum degree of 3×10 -3 When the temperature is below Pa, high-purity argon is introduced and the Fe-Cr alloy ingot is melted at high temperature.

[0032] Step 2: Place the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot prepared in step 1 into a vacuum tube furnace for homogenization heat treatment at a temperature of 1100° C. for 5 hours, and then cool to room temperature with the furnace;

[0033] Step 3: The Fe-Cr based alloy material obtained in step 2 is heated again to the high temperature single phase region (BCC) for annealing treatment, kept at 1000 ° C for 1 hour, and then the furnace temperature is lowered to the dual phase structure temperature region (BCC1 + BCC2) at a rate of 1 ° C / min, kept at 520 ° C for 100 hours, and then water quenched to obtain the Fe-Cr based damping alloy.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for preparing an Fe-Cr-based damping alloy comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: prepare Fe-Cr based alloy ingot by vacuum arc melting. Specifically, Fe and Cr with purity of more than 99.9% are mixed in a ratio of 60% by mass and 40% by mass. A vacuum melting furnace is used to heat the ingot at a vacuum degree of 3×10 - 3 When the temperature is below Pa, high-purity argon is introduced and the Fe-Cr alloy ingot is melted at high temperature.

[0037] Step 2: Place the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot prepared in step 1 into a vacuum tube furnace for homogenization heat treatment at a temperature of 900°C for 72 hours, and then cool to room temperature with the furnace;

[0038] Step 3: The Fe-Cr based alloy material obtained in step 2 is heated again to the high temperature single phase region (BCC) for annealing treatment, kept at 900 ° C for 72 hours, and then the furnace temperature is lowered to the dual phase structure temperature region (BCC1 + BCC2) at a rate of 10 ° C / min, kept at 400 ° C for 5 minutes, and then water quenched to obtain the Fe-Cr based damping alloy.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for preparing an Fe-Cr-based damping alloy comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: prepare Fe-Cr based alloy ingot by vacuum arc melting. Specifically, Fe, Cr and Mo with a purity of more than 99.9% are mixed in a ratio of 68%, 30% and 2% by mass. A vacuum melting furnace is used to heat the ingot at a vacuum degree of 3×10 -3 When the temperature is below Pa, high-purity argon is introduced and the Fe-Cr alloy ingot is melted at high temperature.

[0042] Step 2: Place the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot prepared in step 1 into a vacuum tube furnace for homogenization heat treatment at a temperature of 1000° C. for 24 hours, and then cool to room temperature with the furnace;

[0043] Step 3: The Fe-Cr based alloy material obtained in step 2 is heated again to the high temperature single phase region (BCC) for annealing treatment, kept at 700 ° C for 0.5 h, and then the furnace temperature is lowered to the dual phase structure temperature region (BCC1 + BCC2) at a rate of 2 ° C / min, kept at 400 ° C for 6 h, and then water quenched to obtain the Fe-Cr based damping alloy.

[0044] 3. Experimental Test

[0045] The Fe-Cr based damping alloy samples prepared in Examples 1, 2 and 3 were heated from room temperature to 500°C at a rate of 2°C / min and subjected to a low amplitude damping performance test using an inverted torsion pendulum automatic internal friction instrument. The test amplitude was set to 2×10 -5 The frequency is 1 Hz, and the test method adopts forced vibration mode, by measuring the hysteresis phase angle of the applied stress in the strain response And convert it into characteristic damping ratio (SDC), the specific formula is: To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test, the entire experimental test was carried out in a vacuum, with the vacuum degree of the sample chamber less than 5Pa. At the same time, the room temperature mechanical properties of the sample were tested using an Instron-5967 tensile tester. The effective working length and cross-sectional dimensions of the tensile sample were 5mm and 1.5mm×0.8mm, respectively, and the tensile rate was 0.3mm / min. Each tensile sample (three samples for each example, and the intermediate level data were finally taken) was sandpapered and mechanically polished before testing to prevent scratches introduced during processing from affecting the results. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1-3 As shown:

[0046] Figure 1 The experimental results of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material of Example 1 are shown in FIG. Figure 1As can be seen in a, under low amplitude conditions, the characteristic damping ratio SDC of the sample material of Example 1 can reach 0.07, and the high damping temperature range can reach up to 350°C; Figure 1 It can be seen from b that the yield strength and elongation of the sample material of Example 1 can reach 350 MPa and 0.17 respectively.

[0047] Figure 2 This is the experimental result diagram of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material of Example 2, Figure 2 As can be seen in a, under low amplitude conditions, the characteristic damping ratio SDC of the sample material of Example 1 can reach 0.07, and the high damping temperature range can reach up to 230°C; Figure 2 From b, it can be seen that the yield strength of the sample material of Example 2 is as high as 400 MPa, and the elongation is close to 0.3.

[0048] Figure 3 This is the experimental result diagram of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material of Example 3, Figure 3 As can be seen in a, under low amplitude conditions, the characteristic damping ratio SDC of the material can reach 0.07, and the high damping temperature range can reach up to 260°C; Figure 3 It can be seen from b that the yield strength and elongation of the sample material of Example 3 can reach 280 MPa and 0.27 respectively.

[0049] In order to further verify the differences between the Fe-Cr-based damping alloys prepared by the preparation method / heat treatment method of the present invention and the existing preparation method / heat treatment method, and the differences between the Fe-Cr-based damping alloys within the Fe, Cr, and Mo element mass percentage range of the present invention and those outside the Fe, Cr, and Mo element mass percentage range of the present invention, the following three sets of verification experiments were set up, as follows:

[0050] Experimental verification 1

[0051] Taking Example 3 as an example, a neutron scattering technique that is sensitive to nanoclusters in a large area was used to conduct a small-angle scattering experiment on the Fe-Cr-based damping alloy involved in Example 3. The results are as follows: Figure 4As shown, it can be seen that no significant peak appears in the single-phase region (BCC) annealing treatment (700°C for 0.5h), while in the dual-phase region 400°C aging treatment (400°C for 6h), a significant peak with a q value of around 0.1 appears on the scattering curve, which indicates that nanoclusters are generated. This shows that the present invention is significantly different from the existing damping optimization heat treatment process. The present invention increases the irreversible motion of the domain interface by precipitating appropriate nanocluster structures during aging in the dual-phase region (BCC1+BCC2) through heat treatment, thereby increasing the damping. This is different from the traditional strategy of high-temperature annealing greater than 900°C to cause grain growth. Although the traditional strategy can increase the sliding distance of the domain interface, it does not construct the microcluster structure involved in the present invention.

[0052] Experimental Verification 2

[0053] The composition and heat treatment process of the control group 1 are the same as those of Example 1. The only difference is that the aging treatment in step 3 is changed to a quenching treatment after annealing in the single-phase region (i.e., step 3 of the preparation method of the control group 1 is: heating the sample obtained in step 2 again to the high-temperature single-phase region (BCC) for annealing, keeping it at 1000°C for 1 hour, and then performing water quenching). The damping performance of the Fe-Cr-based damping alloy sample material of the control group 1 is tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, from Figure 5 and Figure 1 It can be seen that the damping performance of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material that has not been aging treated in the dual phase region (BCC1+BCC2) is significantly lower than that of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material that has been aging treated in the dual phase region (BCC1+BCC2) in Example 1.

[0054] Experimental Verification 3

[0055] The heat treatment process of control group 2 is the same as that of Example 2, but the mass percentage of Fe and Cr in control group 2 is changed to 50% and 50% of Fe-Cr based damping alloy. The damping and mechanical properties of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy sample material are tested. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, from Figure 6 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the damping performance and mechanical properties of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy prepared by deviating from the mass percentage range of the component alloy of the present invention are significantly reduced.

[0056] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an Fe-Cr-based damping alloy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The Fe-Cr alloy ingot obtained by vacuum melting is kept at 900-1100°C and then cooled with the furnace; The raw materials for preparing the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot include Fe, Cr and Mo elements, with the mass percentages being 60-82%: 16-40%: 0-2% respectively, and the purity of Fe, Cr and Mo elements is greater than or equal to 99.9%; Step 2: The Fe-Cr based alloy material treated in step 1 is annealed in a high temperature single phase region, and then the temperature is lowered to a dual phase structure temperature region and then aged. After quenching, an Fe-Cr based damping alloy having excellent mechanical properties and low amplitude and high damping in a wide temperature range is obtained.

2. The method for preparing a Fe-Cr based damping alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the Fe-Cr based alloy ingot is kept at 900-1100° C. for 5-72 hours under an argon protective atmosphere, and then cooled along with the furnace.

3. The method for preparing a Fe-Cr based damping alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2, the annealing temperature in the high-temperature single-phase region is 700-1000° C., and the holding time is 0.5 h-72 h.

4. The method for preparing a Fe-Cr based damping alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2, the temperature is lowered to the dual-phase structure temperature zone at a rate of 1-10°C / min.

5. The method for preparing a Fe-Cr based damping alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step 2, the aging treatment temperature in the dual-phase structure temperature zone is 400-520° C., and the holding time is 5 min-100 h.

6. An Fe-Cr based damping alloy, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Use of the Fe-Cr based damping alloy according to claim 6 in the field of preparing micro-vibration suppression materials.

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