Meter reading system and meter reading method based on dual-mode communication

Abstract

The invention discloses a meter reading system and a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication, and relates to the technical field of meter reading systems and methods, the meter reading system comprises a dual-mode communication module, intelligent data demand switching, strong NB-IoT penetration and far coverage; the BLE is short-distance, high-speed, low-power-consumption and fast in switching, the intelligent electric meter module and the high-precision metering chip measure electric energy accurately, historical data is stored in a large-capacity mode, the shell protection is high, the intelligent electric meter module adapts to severe environments, the data processing and storage module and the high-performance processor compress and process data, the SSD stores in a large-capacity mode and backups redundancy, and the user interaction module and the large-screen LCD clearly display power utilization information. And a button or a touch screen is convenient to operate, and a remote management and monitoring module is provided. Innovative technologies such as dual-mode communication are fused, high-precision metering, intelligent switching communication and convenient interaction are achieved, power line carrier standby and fault early warning diagnosis are achieved, meter reading efficiency, precision and reliability are improved, and development of an intelligent power grid is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of meter reading methods and meter reading systems, and in particular to a meter reading system and a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication. Background Art

[0002] In today's era of rapid intelligent development, traditional meter reading methods can no longer meet the growing demand.

[0003] With the advancement of technology, automatic meter reading systems have emerged, but the existing systems still have many problems. Some meter reading solutions based on a single communication method, such as only using GPRS communication, have weak or even no signals in remote areas or places with severe signal obstruction, such as basements and deep in residential areas with high-rise buildings, resulting in data transmission interruptions and inability to read meters in a timely and accurate manner. In addition, GPRS communication consumes a lot of power. For battery-powered meters, frequent battery replacement increases operation and maintenance costs and workload.

[0004] Although some smart meter reading systems have been improved, they still have shortcomings in terms of user interaction. The display screen is small and the displayed information is limited, making it difficult for users to intuitively understand the detailed electricity usage, such as historical electricity usage trends and power fluctuations. The operation is also not convenient enough, with few buttons and single functions. When users recharge electricity bills and query historical data, the steps are cumbersome and the experience is not good.

[0005] Furthermore, the stability and reliability of the system are insufficient. The metering accuracy is greatly affected by factors such as ambient temperature and electromagnetic interference, and data deviation is prone to occur. Once the communication module or other key components fail, there is a lack of effective early warning and rapid diagnosis and repair mechanisms, which often requires a long time to troubleshoot, affecting the continuity of meter reading work, bringing great inconvenience to power supply management, and failing to adapt to the requirements of smart grids for refined and efficient energy management. Based on this, a new meter reading method and meter reading system based on dual-mode communication is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a meter reading system and a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication to solve the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a meter reading system based on dual-mode communication, comprising:

[0008] Dual-mode communication module: Integrates narrowband Internet of Things NB-IoT communication unit and low-power Bluetooth BLE communication unit. The NB-IoT communication unit supports frequency bands B1, B3 and B8. The BLE communication unit complies with Bluetooth 5.0 and above standards. In the cell, it pairs with the user's handheld terminal to transmit data, and has extremely low power consumption, with a standby current of less than 1μA.

[0009] The built-in switching mechanism automatically switches the communication mode according to preset rules, real-time signal strength, and data transmission requirements. Suppose the NB-IoT signal strength in the current environment is S NB , the BLE signal strength is S BLE , the data transmission volume is Q, when Q>100KB and S NB >-100dBm, NB-IoT mode is enabled first; when Q<10KB and S NB >-70dBm, automatically switch to BLE mode;

[0010] Smart meter module: uses a metering chip to provide a basis for billing and energy consumption analysis. Assume that the actual current is I real , the measured current is I measured , current measurement relative error Similarly, the relative error calculation formula for voltage, active power and reactive power can be obtained. A large-capacity memory is built in and stored in time series.

[0011] The meter housing is made of fireproof, waterproof and dustproof engineering plastics, with a protection level of IP67, a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C, and a humidity range of 0%-100%;

[0012] Data processing and storage module: equipped with a processor with a main frequency of not less than 1GHz and a running memory of not less than 512MB, used to receive and process the meter data from the dual-mode communication module, and use lossless Huffman coding or lossy wavelet transform algorithm to compress the meter reading data. Suppose the original data size is D original , the compressed data size is D compressed , compression ratio

[0013] A large-capacity solid-state drive (SSD) is connected as a storage medium to store meter data, user information, system logs and other data for a long time. The data storage adopts a redundant backup mechanism.

[0014] User interaction module: equipped with a visual liquid crystal display LCD, the screen diagonal size is not less than 3 inches, and the resolution is 320×240 pixels;

[0015] Remote management and monitoring module: It is built on the cloud server and interconnected with other modules of the meter reading system through the network. It has user management functions, can input, edit, query and delete user information, and supports user group management;

[0016] Real-time monitoring of the operating status of the meter reading system, including whether each module is working normally, whether the communication link is unobstructed, and whether there are abnormal fluctuations in the meter data. If a fault or abnormality is found, an alarm will be sent to the management personnel through SMS, email or system pop-up window;

[0017] Power line carrier auxiliary communication module: It has the function of power line carrier communication PLC, uses power line to transmit data, and is compatible with various power line standards. The carrier frequency range is 10kHz-500kHz, and the transmission rate is between 10kbps-100kbps. It is used as a backup communication method when dual-mode communication is blocked. It has a built-in adaptive modem that automatically adjusts the modulation mode according to the power line noise condition. Suppose the power line noise power is P noise , the signal power is P signal , signal-to-noise ratio At that time, SNR was <10dB, and OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference was used;

[0018] Working in conjunction with the dual-mode communication module, when it detects that the dual-mode communication signal is weak or interrupted, it automatically starts the power line carrier communication and transmits the meter data to the concentrator via the power line or directly uploads it to the cloud server;

[0019] Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module: connects to the smart meter module and dual-mode communication module to collect operating parameters in real time, including meter voltage and current fluctuations, communication module signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio. Suppose the collected parameter samples are x1, x2, ..., x n , a fault prediction model is constructed by clustering a large amount of historical data, and the Euclidean distance formula is used Measures the similarity between samples, where d ij represents the Euclidean distance between sample i and sample j, n represents the dimension of the data, x ik represents the kth feature of the i-th sample, x jk Represents the value of the kth feature parameter of the jth sample;

[0020] Furthermore, in the dual-mode communication module, when switching between the NB-IoT communication unit and the BLE communication unit, a smooth transition technology is adopted to pre-store some key data in the cache area to avoid data loss or interruption caused by switching. The cache area size is dynamically adjusted according to the data transmission rate and the switching time. Assuming the data transmission rate is V, the switching time is t, the cache area size C = V×t×1.2, which is generally 1KB-10KB.

[0021] Furthermore, in the smart meter module, in order to reduce the power consumption of the meter, when there is no data transmission demand, the meter automatically enters a low-power sleep mode, wakes up automatically every hour, collects and stores energy data, and then enters the sleep state again; assuming that the battery capacity of the meter is C battery , the sleep current is I sleep , the working current is I work , the storage time for one acquisition is t acpuire , within 24 hours, the average current By reducing I averageExtend the battery usage time.

[0022] Furthermore, in the data processing and storage module, when the processor processes the meter reading data, it adopts a data verification algorithm, including the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm, to perform integrity verification on the received data. Let the original data polynomial be M(x) and the generating polynomial be G(x). The check code R(x) is calculated through polynomial division M(x) = Q(x) × G(x) + R(x). The length of the check code is 16 bits or 32 bits. Once a data error is found, a retransmission request is automatically sent to the smart meter module.

[0023] Furthermore, in the user interaction module, the display screen adopts a color-changing backlight technology, presenting different color backlights according to different electricity bill balances. Let the electricity bill balance be B. When B ≥ 50 yuan, it is green; when 10 < B < 50 yuan, it is yellow; when B ≤ 10 yuan, it is red.

[0024] Furthermore, in the remote management and monitoring module, it has the function of data mining and analysis. Through clustering analysis and trend prediction operations on the historical electricity consumption data of users, it provides decision-making support for power companies, including formulating reasonable electricity price adjustment plans and optimizing power distribution. The mining depth does not exceed 5 levels. Let the historical electricity consumption data samples be y1, y2, …, y m , using the K-Means clustering algorithm to divide users into different groups, performing trend prediction according to the group characteristics, and using the mean square error formula to evaluate the prediction accuracy, where is the predicted value.

[0025] Furthermore, a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication includes the following steps:

[0026] Meter data acquisition step: The smart meter module automatically acquires electrical energy data at preset time intervals, immediately stores the acquired data in the internal memory, and at the same time performs preliminary packaging on the data, adding a time stamp and meter number identification information. The packaged data waits for transmission. Let the acquisition time be t i , the meter number be ID, and the format of the packaged data is {ID, t i , E active , E reactive , U, I, …}, where E active is the active electrical energy, E reactive is the reactive electrical energy, U is the voltage, and I is the current;

[0027] Communication mode selection steps: The dual-mode communication module monitors the network signal strength and data transmission requirements in real time to determine the most suitable communication mode. If the meter data needs to be uploaded to the remote management and monitoring module in batches and the signal is blocked in the environment, the NB-IoT mode is selected. If the user's handheld terminal is close to the meter and needs to obtain data immediately, it will automatically switch to the BLE mode.

[0028] Data transmission steps: According to the selected communication mode, the packaged meter data is transmitted. In the NB-IoT mode, the data is uploaded to the cloud server through the operator network and transmitted reliably using the protocol stack, including the CoAP protocol. The data transmission success rate is P su , the number of times it is sent is n f , the number of successes is n su , then P su =n f / n su ,In BLE mode, it establishes a pairing connection with the user's handheld terminal, uses the GATT protocol to transmit data, and the transmission rate is dynamically adjusted according to the requirements of the handheld terminal;

[0029] User interaction steps: Users can recharge electricity bills, query historical electricity consumption data, and set alarm thresholds through the buttons or touch screen of the user interaction module. When recharging electricity bills, the user interaction module sends the recharge request to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module. After the recharge is successful, the remote management and monitoring module promptly feeds back information to the user interaction module and updates the electricity bill balance on the display screen. Set the recharge amount to A and the original electricity bill balance to B. old , after recharging B new =B old +A balance, the display screen is updated in real time;

[0030] Remote monitoring and management steps: The remote management and monitoring module receives the meter data from the dual-mode communication module in real time, unpacks, verifies and stores the data, and monitors the operation status of the meter reading system. If the meter data is abnormal, the relevant personnel will be notified to investigate and deal with it; if a certain link of the system fails, including the interruption of the dual-mode communication module signal, an alarm will be issued immediately and the emergency plan will be activated. Suppose the power consumption is E, and the power consumption at the previous moment is E prev , the time interval is △t, if k is the abnormal coefficient, which is set according to historical data, and the power consumption is judged to be abnormal;

[0031] Power line carrier auxiliary communication steps: When the dual-mode communication module detects a signal interruption, it immediately triggers the power line carrier auxiliary communication module to start. The module first detects the power line noise, automatically selects the optimal modulation method according to the noise situation, and adopts OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference. Then, the meter data waiting to be transmitted is modulated and transmitted via the power line. If it is transmitted to the concentrator, the concentrator uploads the data to the cloud server through Ethernet communication. If conditions permit, the power line carrier auxiliary communication module can directly upload the data to the cloud server, and continuously monitor the bit error rate during the transmission process. If the bit error rate exceeds 1%, the modulation method is automatically adjusted or error correction measures are taken;

[0032] Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis steps: The intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module collects the operating parameters of key system components in real time, uses machine learning algorithms to analyze historical data and real-time data, and predicts potential failures. When the predicted failure risk is higher than the set threshold, an early warning is immediately issued to the management personnel. The early warning information includes the components that may fail and the estimated failure time.

[0033] Furthermore, in the meter data collection step, when the electric energy data collected by the smart meter module suddenly changes, the data review program is immediately started, and data is collected three times in succession within the next 5 minutes for comparison and analysis. The three collected data are set as E1, E2, and E3, and the average value is like Where E prev The power consumption before the mutation is still abnormal, and the abnormal data and related information are reported to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module.

[0034] Furthermore, in the communication mode selection step, if the dual-mode communication module encounters strong interference during the communication mode switching process, resulting in a switching failure, the switching is automatically retried, and the number of retries does not exceed 3 times, with an interval of 1 second between each retry. interfere , when the switching fails, record the interference intensity value. If I interfere >50dBm, before the next retry, the communication module will be self-checked by sending a detection command to the built-in self-check chip and waiting for the feedback signal. If the self-check finds an abnormality, it will try to automatically repair it, including adjusting the transmission power and optimizing the channel parameters. If the switching is still unsuccessful, the fault information will be reported to the remote management and monitoring module to request manual intervention.

[0035] Furthermore, in the user interaction step, for elderly users or visually impaired users, the user interaction module supports voice interaction function, and the user performs electricity fee query and recharge operations through voice commands. Suppose the voice command is V in The system has a built-in speech recognition model, which is built using a deep learning algorithm and trained based on a large number of voice samples, that is, it can recognize the correct number of voice commands N. correctThe total number of voice commands meets The speech synthesis feedback is clear and natural, and it uses text-to-speech TTS technology to generate corresponding voice replies based on user operation results.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] First, the dual-mode communication module integrates NB-IoT and BLE technologies, and intelligently switches according to signal strength and data volume to ensure stable and efficient communication. In remote areas or complex environments, NB-IoT ensures long-distance transmission; when debugging at close range and obtaining small amounts of data, BLE responds quickly, reduces power consumption, and improves the timeliness and flexibility of meter reading.

[0038] The smart meter module has high-precision measurement and minimal error, laying the foundation for accurate settlement of electricity bills; large-capacity storage allows for long-term data retention, facilitating traceability and analysis. The data processing and storage module compression algorithm reduces transmission and storage burdens and improves overall efficiency; redundant backup ensures data security.

[0039] The user interaction module is highly visualized and easy to operate. It presents multiple information intuitively, and recharge and query can be easily done. The remote management and monitoring module controls the system in real time, accurately locates faults, quickly alerts, and has efficient operation and maintenance. The newly added power line carrier auxiliary communication allows seamless connection when dual modes are blocked, enhancing adaptability; intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis provide early warning, and quickly repair faults, greatly improving the reliability of meter reading, and assisting the construction of smart grids in all aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a meter reading system based on dual-mode communication proposed by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 The present invention provides a schematic block diagram of a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-2 :A meter reading system based on dual-mode communication, comprising:

[0046] Dual-mode communication module: Integrates narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication unit and low-power Bluetooth (BLE) communication unit, which can operate independently or work together. The NB-IoT communication unit supports mainstream frequency bands such as B1 / B3 / B8, with a maximum uplink rate of 62.5kbps and a downlink rate of 125kbps. It has super strong signal penetration ability and can penetrate complex environments such as multi-story buildings and basements. The signal coverage radius is not less than 10 kilometers, ensuring stable network connection in remote areas or signal-blocked areas. The BLE communication unit complies with Bluetooth 5.0 and above standards. The transmission power can be flexibly adjusted between -20dBm and +10dBm, and the transmission rate can reach up to 2Mbps. It is suitable for close-range, high-speed data interaction. For example, in smart communities, it can quickly pair with user handheld terminals to transmit data, and has extremely low power consumption, with a standby current of less than 1μA.

[0047] Built-in intelligent switching mechanism, automatically switching communication mode according to preset rules and real-time signal strength, data transmission requirements and other conditions. Assume that the NB-IoT signal strength in the current environment is SNB , the BLE signal strength is S BLE , the data transmission volume is Q, when Q>100KB and S NB >-100dBm, NB-IoT mode is enabled first; when Q<10KB and S NB When the voltage is >-70dBm, it will automatically switch to BLE mode in less than 5 seconds, ensuring the timeliness and efficiency of communication.

[0048] Smart meter module: using high-precision metering chip, current measurement accuracy can reach ±0.2%, voltage measurement accuracy ±0.1%, active power measurement accuracy ±0.5%, reactive power measurement accuracy ±1%, can accurately collect power data, and provide a reliable basis for billing and energy consumption analysis. Assume that the actual current is I real , the measured current is I measured , current measurement relative error Similarly, the relative error calculation formula for voltage, active power and reactive power can be obtained to ensure high-precision acquisition. Built-in large-capacity memory, storage capacity of not less than 1MB, can save at least 1 year of historical power data, stored in time series, convenient for subsequent query and tracing.

[0049] The meter casing is made of fireproof, waterproof and dustproof high-strength engineering plastics with a protection level of IP67. It can adapt to various harsh outdoor weather conditions, withstand a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C, and a humidity range of 0%-100%, ensuring stable operation of internal electronic components and extending the service life of the meter.

[0050] Data processing and storage module: equipped with a high-performance processor with a main frequency of no less than 1GHz and a running memory of no less than 512MB, responsible for receiving and processing the meter data from the dual-mode communication module. Use data compression algorithms, such as lossless Huffman coding or lossy wavelet transform algorithms, to compress the meter reading data. Suppose the original data size is D original , the compressed data size is D compressed , compression ratio The compression ratio can reach 50%-80%, reducing data transmission volume and storage space occupied, and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0051] A large-capacity solid-state drive (SSD) is connected as a storage medium with a storage capacity of no less than 100GB, which is used to store various data such as meter data, user information, system logs, etc. The data storage adopts a redundant backup mechanism, with at least 2 backups stored in different physical locations to ensure the security and integrity of the data.

[0052] User interaction module: It is equipped with a visual liquid crystal display (LCD) with a screen diagonal size of not less than 3 inches and a resolution of 320×240 pixels. It can clearly display information such as power readings, real-time power, electricity bill balance, historical electricity consumption trends, etc. The display refresh rate is not less than 1Hz, allowing users to intuitively understand the electricity consumption situation.

[0053] Equipped with a button or touch screen operation interface. The buttons have a backlight function for easy nighttime operation. The touch screen supports multi-touch, and the operation response time does not exceed 0.5 seconds. Users can use the interface to recharge electricity bills, query historical data, set alarm thresholds, and perform other operations, making human-computer interaction more convenient.

[0054] Remote management and monitoring module: It is built on the cloud server and interconnected with other modules of the meter reading system through the network. It has user management functions and can enter, edit, query and delete massive user information. It supports user group management, which is convenient for power companies to formulate differentiated strategies for different types of users.

[0055] Real-time monitoring of the operating status of the meter reading system, including whether each module is working normally, whether the communication link is unobstructed, whether there are abnormal fluctuations in the meter data, etc. Once a fault or abnormality is found, an alarm will be immediately sent to the management personnel via SMS, email or system pop-up window. The fault location accuracy is within ±1 meter, so as to quickly troubleshoot and repair, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the meter reading system.

[0056] Power line carrier auxiliary communication module: It has power line carrier communication (PLC) function, can use power line to transmit data, adapt to a variety of power line standards, carrier frequency range is 10kHz-500kHz, transmission rate is between 10kbps-100kbps, and it is used as a backup communication method when dual-mode communication is blocked. Its built-in adaptive modem can automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the power line noise condition. Assuming the power line noise power is P noise , the signal power is P signal , signal-to-noise ratio At that time, SNR was less than 10dB, and OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference was adopted to ensure reliable data transmission and control the transmission bit error rate below 1%.

[0057] Working in conjunction with the dual-mode communication module, when it detects that the dual-mode communication signal is weak or interrupted, it automatically starts the power line carrier communication and transmits the meter data via the power line to the concentrator or directly uploads it to the cloud server. The switching process is seamless to ensure the continuity of meter reading data transmission.

[0058] Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module: connects key components such as smart meter module and dual-mode communication module to collect real-time operating parameters, such as meter voltage and current fluctuations, communication module signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio, etc. Suppose the collected parameter samples are x1, x2, ..., xn , a fault prediction model is constructed by clustering a large amount of historical data, and the Euclidean distance formula is used Measures the similarity between samples, where d ij represents the Euclidean distance between sample i and sample j, n represents the dimension of the data, x ik represents the kth feature of the i-th sample, x jk The value of the kth characteristic parameter of the jth sample is used to warn potential failures in advance, with an accuracy rate of no less than 90%.

[0059] When a system failure occurs, the fault source can be quickly located, accurately to a specific component or line, with a fault diagnosis time of no more than 30 seconds, and a detailed fault solution can be provided, such as informing maintenance personnel to replace a chip or check a section of the line, to assist in rapid repairs, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and improve the reliability of the meter reading system.

[0060] In the present invention, in the dual-mode communication module, when the NB-IoT communication unit and the BLE communication unit are switched, a smooth transition technology is adopted to ensure the continuity of data transmission by pre-storing some key data in the cache area to avoid data loss or interruption caused by switching. The size of the cache area is dynamically adjusted according to the data transmission rate and the switching time. Assuming the data transmission rate is V and the switching time is t, the cache area size C=V×t×1.2, which is generally 1KB-10KB.

[0061] In the present invention, in order to reduce the power consumption of the meter, the meter automatically enters a low-power sleep mode when there is no data transmission demand. The sleep current is less than 10μA. It automatically wakes up at a certain time interval (such as 1 hour), collects and stores the power data once, and then enters the sleep state again to extend the battery life. Assume that the battery capacity of the meter is C battery , the sleep current is I sleep , the working current is I work , the storage time for one acquisition is t acpuire , within 24 hours, the average current By reducing I average To extend the battery life.

[0062] In the present invention, in the data processing and storage module, the processor uses a data verification algorithm, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm, to perform integrity verification on the received data when processing meter reading data. The original data polynomial is assumed to be M(x), the generating polynomial is assumed to be G(x), and the verification code R(x) is calculated by polynomial division M(x)=Q(x)×G(x)+R(x). The verification code length is 16 bits or 32 bits. Once a data error is found, a retransmission request is automatically sent to the smart meter module to ensure that the data is accurate.

[0063] In the present invention, in the user interaction module, the display screen adopts a color-changing backlight technology, presenting different color backlights according to different electricity bill balances. Let the electricity bill balance be B. When B ≥ 50 yuan, it is green; when 10 < B < 50 yuan, it is yellow; when B ≤ 10 yuan, it is red, intuitively reminding the user of the electricity bill situation and facilitating the user to recharge in a timely manner.

[0064] In the present invention, in the remote management and monitoring module, it has a data mining and analysis function. By performing operations such as clustering analysis and trend prediction on the historical electricity consumption data of a large number of users, it provides decision-making support for power companies, such as formulating reasonable electricity price adjustment plans and optimizing power distribution. The mining depth does not exceed 5 levels, and the accuracy rate of the analysis results is not less than 80%. Let the historical electricity consumption data samples be y1, y2, …, y m , and the users are divided into different groups using a clustering algorithm (such as K-Means), and trend prediction is performed according to the group characteristics. The mean square error formula is used to evaluate the prediction accuracy, where is the predicted value.

[0065] The present invention also discloses a meter reading method based on dual-mode communication, including the following steps:

[0066] Meter data acquisition step: The intelligent meter module automatically acquires electric energy data at preset time intervals (such as 15 minutes), including parameters such as active electric energy, reactive electric energy, voltage, and current. The acquisition accuracy meets the requirements of a high-precision metering chip. After acquisition, the data is immediately stored in the internal memory, and at the same time, the data is preliminarily packaged, adding identification information such as a time stamp and a meter number. The packaged data waits for transmission. Let the acquisition time be t i , the meter number be ID, and the data format after packaging is {ID, t i , E active , E reactive , U, I, …}, where E active is the active electric energy, E reactive is the reactive electric energy, U is the voltage, and I is the current.

[0067] Communication mode selection step: The dual-mode communication module real-time monitors conditions such as network signal strength and data transmission requirements, and judges the most suitable communication mode at present. If it is necessary to batch upload meter data to the remote management and monitoring module and the signal is severely blocked in the environment, the NB-IoT mode is preferred; if the user's handheld terminal is close to the meter and it is necessary to immediately obtain a small amount of data, such as querying the current electricity bill balance, it automatically switches to the BLE mode to ensure smooth and efficient communication. The entire judgment and switching process does not exceed 5 seconds.

[0068] Data transmission steps: According to the selected communication mode, the packaged meter data is transmitted. In the NB-IoT mode, the data is uploaded to the cloud server through the operator network and transmitted reliably using the protocol stack. For example, the CoAP protocol is used. The data transmission success rate is P su , the number of times it is sent is n f , the number of successes is n su , then P su =n f / n su , ensuring the security and integrity of data transmission; in BLE mode, establish a pairing connection with the user's handheld terminal, use the GATT protocol to transmit data, and the transmission rate is dynamically adjusted according to the requirements of the handheld terminal, up to 2Mbps, ensuring that users can quickly obtain the required information.

[0069] User interaction steps: Users can recharge electricity bills, query historical electricity consumption data, set alarm thresholds and other interactive activities through the buttons or touch screen of the user interaction module. When recharging electricity bills, the user interaction module sends the recharge request to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module. After the recharge is successful, the remote management and monitoring module will promptly feedback information to the user interaction module and update the electricity bill balance on the display screen. The response time of the entire interaction process does not exceed 10 seconds, realizing convenient human-computer interaction. Suppose the recharge amount is A and the original electricity bill balance is B old , after recharging B new =B old +A Balance, the display screen is updated in real time.

[0070] Remote monitoring and management steps: The remote management and monitoring module receives the meter data from the dual-mode communication module in real time, unpacks, verifies and stores the data, and monitors the operating status of the meter reading system. If the meter data is abnormal, such as a sudden and substantial increase in power consumption, the cause can be found through data analysis. It may be that the user has added a new high-power appliance or the meter is faulty, and the relevant personnel will be notified in time to investigate and deal with it; if a certain link in the system fails, such as the dual-mode communication module signal interruption, an alarm will be issued immediately, and the emergency plan will be activated to ensure the normal operation of the meter reading system. Suppose the power consumption is E, and the power consumption at the previous moment is E prev , the time interval is △t, if k is the abnormal coefficient, which can be set according to historical data, and it is judged as abnormal power consumption.

[0071] Power line carrier assisted communication steps: When the dual-mode communication module detects that the signal is weak or interrupted, it immediately triggers the power line carrier assisted communication module to start. The module first detects the power line noise, automatically selects the optimal modulation method according to the noise situation, adopts OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference, and then modulates the meter data waiting to be transmitted and transmits it via the power line. If transmitted to the concentrator, the concentrator will upload the data to the cloud server through other reliable communication methods (such as Ethernet); if conditions permit, the power line carrier assisted communication module can directly upload the data to the cloud server to ensure that the meter reading data is not lost, and continuously monitors the bit error rate during transmission. If the bit error rate exceeds 1%, the modulation method is automatically adjusted or error correction measures are taken.

[0072] Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis steps: The intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module collects the operating parameters of key system components in real time and updates the data samples every 5 minutes. Use machine learning algorithms to analyze historical data and real-time data to predict potential failures. When the predicted failure risk is higher than the set threshold, an early warning is immediately issued to the management personnel. The early warning information includes the components that may fail, the estimated failure time, etc. Once the system fails, the source of the fault is quickly located within 30 seconds, and a detailed fault solution is given, such as instructing maintenance personnel to replace the faulty components or repair the line. After the maintenance personnel follow the plan, the module monitors the system recovery again to ensure that the meter reading system resumes normal operation.

[0073] In the present invention, in the meter data collection step, when the electric energy data collected by the smart meter module changes suddenly (such as the power consumption increases by more than 50% within 1 hour), the data review program is immediately started, and the data is collected three times in succession within the next 5 minutes for comparison and analysis. The three collected data are set as E1, E2, and E3, and the average value is like Where E prev The power consumption before the sudden change is still abnormal, and the abnormal data and related information are reported to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module to timely detect potential problems.

[0074] In the present invention, in the communication mode selection step, if the dual-mode communication module encounters strong interference during the communication mode switching process, resulting in a switching failure, the switching is automatically retried, and the number of retries does not exceed 3 times, with an interval of 1 second between each retry. interfere , when the switching fails, record the interference intensity value. If I interfere>50dBm, before the next retry, the communication module will be self-checked by sending a detection command to the built-in self-check chip and waiting for the feedback signal. If the self-check finds an abnormality, it will try to automatically repair it, such as adjusting the transmission power, optimizing the channel parameters, etc. The repair time shall not exceed 2 seconds; if the switching is still unsuccessful, the fault information will be reported to the remote management and monitoring module to request manual intervention to ensure that the meter reading work is not affected by long-term interruptions.

[0075] In the present invention, in the user interaction step, for elderly users or visually impaired users, the user interaction module supports voice interaction function, and the user can perform operations such as electricity fee inquiry and recharge through voice commands. Suppose the voice command is V in The system has a built-in speech recognition model, which is built using a deep learning algorithm and trained based on a large number of voice samples. The recognition accuracy is not less than 90%, that is, the number of correct voice commands N is recognized. correct The total number of voice commands meets The speech synthesis feedback is clear and natural. It uses text-to-speech (TTS) technology to generate corresponding voice replies based on the user's operation results, such as "Your electricity bill balance is XX yuan" and "Recharge successful, the current balance is XX yuan". The voice playback volume can be adjusted between 30dB-80dB to facilitate use by special user groups.

[0076] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A meter reading system based on dual-mode communication, characterized in that: Including: Dual-mode communication module: Integrating a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication unit and a Low Energy Bluetooth (BLE) communication unit. The NB-IoT communication unit supports frequency bands B1, B3, and B8. The BLE communication unit complies with the Bluetooth 5.0 or higher standard. In the community, it pairs with the user's handheld terminal to transmit data, and has extremely low power consumption, with a standby current less than 1 μA; The built-in switching mechanism automatically switches the communication mode according to preset rules, real-time signal strength, and data transmission requirements. Suppose the NB-IoT signal strength in the current environment is S NB , the BLE signal strength is S BLE , the data transmission volume is Q, when Q>100KB and S NB >-100dBm, NB-IoT mode is enabled first; when Q<10KB and S NB >-70dBm, automatically switch to BLE mode; Smart meter module: uses a metering chip to provide a basis for billing and energy consumption analysis. Assume that the actual current is I real , the measured current is I measured , current measurement relative error Similarly, the relative error calculation formula for voltage, active power and reactive power can be obtained. A large-capacity memory is built in and stored in time series. The meter housing is made of fireproof, waterproof, and dustproof engineering plastic, with an IP67 protection level, a temperature tolerance range of -40°C to +85°C, and a humidity range of 0% - 100%; Data processing and storage module: equipped with a processor with a main frequency of not less than 1GHz and a running memory of not less than 512MB, used to receive and process the meter data from the dual-mode communication module, and use lossless Huffman coding or lossy wavelet transform algorithm to compress the meter reading data. Suppose the original data size is D original , the compressed data size is D compressed , compression ratio Connected with a large-capacity Solid State Drive (SSD) as the storage medium, used for long-term storage of various data such as meter data, user information, and system logs. Data storage adopts a redundant backup mechanism; User interaction module: Equipped with a visual Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), with a screen diagonal size of not less than 3 inches and a resolution of 320×240 pixels; Remote management and monitoring module: Built on a cloud server, interconnected with other modules of the meter reading system through the network, with user management functions, capable of entering, editing, querying, and deleting user information, and supporting user group management; Real-time monitoring of the operation status of the meter reading system, including whether each module is working properly, whether the communication link is unobstructed, and whether there are abnormal fluctuations in meter data. When a fault or anomaly is detected, an alarm is sent to the management personnel via text message, email, or system pop-up window; Power line carrier auxiliary communication module: It has the function of power line carrier communication PLC, uses power line to transmit data, and is compatible with various power line standards. The carrier frequency range is 10kHz-500kHz, and the transmission rate is between 10kbps-100kbps. It is used as a backup communication method when dual-mode communication is blocked. It has a built-in adaptive modem that automatically adjusts the modulation mode according to the power line noise condition. Suppose the power line noise power is P noise , the signal power is P signal , signal-to-noise ratio At that time, SNR<10dB, and OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference was used; Cooperates with the dual-mode communication module. When detecting weak or interrupted dual-mode communication signals, it automatically activates power line carrier communication to transmit the meter data through the power line to the concentrator or directly upload it to the cloud server; Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module: connects to the smart meter module and dual-mode communication module to collect operating parameters in real time, including meter voltage and current fluctuations, communication module signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio. Suppose the collected parameter samples are x1, x2, ..., x n , a fault prediction model is constructed by clustering a large amount of historical data, and the Euclidean distance formula is used Measures the similarity between samples, where d ij represents the Euclidean distance between sample i and sample j, n represents the dimension of the data, x ik represents the kth feature of the i-th sample, x jk Represents the value of the kth feature parameter of the jth sample.

2. The meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dual-mode communication module, when switching between the NB-IoT communication unit and the BLE communication unit, a smooth transition technology is adopted. By pre-storing some key data in the buffer area, data loss or interruption caused by the switch is avoided. The size of the buffer area is dynamically adjusted according to the data transmission rate and the switching time. Let the data transmission rate be V, the switching time be t, and the buffer area size C = V×t×1.2, generally 1KB - 10KB.

3. The meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the smart meter module, in order to reduce the power consumption of the meter, when there is no data transmission demand, the meter automatically enters a low-power sleep mode, wakes up automatically every hour, collects and stores energy data, and then enters the sleep state again; assuming that the battery capacity of the meter is C battery , the sleep current is I sleep , the working current is I work , the storage time for one acquisition is t acpuire , within 24 hours, the average current By reducing I average Extend battery life.

4. The meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data processing and storage module, when the processor processes the meter reading data, a data verification algorithm is adopted, including the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) algorithm, to perform integrity verification on the received data. Let the original data polynomial be M(x), the generating polynomial be G(x), and the check code R(x) is calculated through polynomial division M(x) = Q(x)×G(x)+R(x). The length of the check code is 16 bits or 32 bits. Once a data error is found, a retransmission request is automatically sent to the smart meter module.

5. The meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the user interaction module, the display screen adopts a color-changing backlight technology, presenting different color backlights according to different electricity bill balances. Let the electricity bill balance be B. When B≥50 yuan, it is green; when 10<B<50 yuan, it is yellow; when B≤10 yuan, it is red.

6. The meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote management and monitoring module has data mining and analysis functions. It provides decision support for power companies by clustering and predicting the historical electricity consumption data of users, including formulating reasonable electricity price adjustment plans and optimizing power distribution. The mining depth does not exceed 5 levels. Suppose the historical electricity consumption data samples are y1, y2, ..., y m , the K-Means clustering algorithm is used to divide users into different groups, and trend prediction is performed based on group characteristics. The mean square error formula is used Evaluate forecast accuracy, is the predicted value.

7. A method for a meter reading system based on dual-mode communication according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Including the following steps: Electric meter data collection steps: The smart meter module automatically collects electric energy data at preset time intervals, stores it in the internal memory immediately after collection, and preliminarily packages the data, adds timestamps and meter number identification information, and the packaged data waits for transmission. Let the collection time be t i , the meter number is ID, and the format of the packaged data is {ID, t i , E active , E reactive ,U,I,…}, where E active is the active electric energy, E reactive is reactive energy, U is voltage, and I is current; Communication mode selection steps: The dual-mode communication module monitors the network signal strength and data transmission requirements in real time to determine the most suitable communication mode. If the meter data needs to be uploaded to the remote management and monitoring module in batches and the signal is blocked in the environment, the NB-IoT mode is selected. If the user's handheld terminal is close to the meter and needs to obtain data immediately, it will automatically switch to the BLE mode. Data transmission steps: According to the selected communication mode, the packaged meter data is transmitted. In the NB-IoT mode, the data is uploaded to the cloud server through the operator network and transmitted reliably using the protocol stack, including the CoAP protocol. The data transmission success rate is P su , the number of times it is sent is n f , the number of successes is n su , then P su =n f / n su ,In BLE mode, it establishes a pairing connection with the user's handheld terminal, uses the GATT protocol to transmit data, and the transmission rate is dynamically adjusted according to the requirements of the handheld terminal; User interaction steps: Users can recharge electricity bills, query historical electricity consumption data, and set alarm thresholds through the buttons or touch screen of the user interaction module. When recharging electricity bills, the user interaction module sends the recharge request to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module. After the recharge is successful, the remote management and monitoring module promptly feeds back information to the user interaction module and updates the electricity bill balance on the display screen. Set the recharge amount to A and the original electricity bill balance to B. old , after recharging B new =B old +A balance, the display screen is updated in real time; Remote monitoring and management steps: The remote management and monitoring module receives the meter data from the dual-mode communication module in real time, unpacks, verifies and stores the data, and monitors the operation status of the meter reading system. If the meter data is abnormal, the relevant personnel will be notified to investigate and deal with it; if a certain link of the system fails, including the interruption of the dual-mode communication module signal, an alarm will be issued immediately and the emergency plan will be activated. Suppose the power consumption is E, and the power consumption at the previous moment is E prev , the time interval is △t, if k is the abnormal coefficient, which is set according to historical data, and the power consumption is judged to be abnormal; Power line carrier auxiliary communication steps: When the dual-mode communication module detects a signal interruption, it immediately triggers the power line carrier auxiliary communication module to start. The module first detects the power line noise, automatically selects the optimal modulation method according to the noise situation, and adopts OFDM modulation with strong anti-interference. Then, the meter data waiting to be transmitted is modulated and transmitted via the power line. If it is transmitted to the concentrator, the concentrator uploads the data to the cloud server through Ethernet communication. If conditions permit, the power line carrier auxiliary communication module can directly upload the data to the cloud server, and continuously monitor the bit error rate during the transmission process. If the bit error rate exceeds 1%, the modulation method is automatically adjusted or error correction measures are taken; Intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis steps: The intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis module collects the operating parameters of key system components in real time, uses machine learning algorithms to analyze historical data and real-time data, and predicts potential failures. When the predicted failure risk is higher than the set threshold, an early warning is immediately issued to the management personnel. The early warning information includes the components that may fail and the estimated failure time.

8. The meter reading method based on dual-mode communication according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the meter data collection step, when the electric energy data collected by the smart meter module changes suddenly, the data review program is immediately started. In the next 5 minutes, data is collected three times continuously for comparison and analysis. The three collected data are set as E1, E2, and E3, and the average value is like Where E prev The power consumption before the mutation is still abnormal, and the abnormal data and related information are reported to the remote management and monitoring module through the dual-mode communication module.

9. The meter reading method based on dual-mode communication according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the communication mode selection step, if the dual-mode communication module encounters strong interference during the communication mode switching process, resulting in a switching failure, the switching will be automatically retried, the number of retries shall not exceed 3 times, and the interval between each retry is 1 second. initerfere , when the switching fails, record the interference intensity value. If I interfere >50dBm, before the next retry, the communication module will be self-checked by sending a detection command to the built-in self-check chip and waiting for the feedback signal. If the self-check finds an abnormality, it will try to automatically repair it, including adjusting the transmission power and optimizing the channel parameters. If the switching is still unsuccessful, the fault information will be reported to the remote management and monitoring module to request manual intervention.

10. The meter reading method based on dual-mode communication according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the user interaction step, for elderly users or users with visual impairment, the user interaction module supports voice interaction function. Users can query electricity bills and recharge through voice commands. Suppose the voice command is V in The system has a built-in speech recognition model, which is built using a deep learning algorithm and trained based on a large number of voice samples, that is, it can recognize the number of correct voice commands N. correct The total number of voice commands meets The speech synthesis feedback is clear and natural, and it uses text-to-speech TTS technology to generate corresponding voice replies based on user operation results.

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