Paste making machine and production process of tongue fur cleaning gel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gel production, in particular to a paste making machine and a tongue coating cleaning gel production technology.The paste making machine comprises a stirring shaft, a shaft sleeve and a stirring paddle, the stirring paddle is fixed to the shaft sleeve, the stirring shaft is sleeved with the shaft sleeve, an electricity taking sliding ring is coaxially fixed to the stirring shaft, and the electricity taking sliding ring is connected with the shaft sleeve. A power supply carbon brush abuts against the power taking slip ring, a driver is fixed to the stirring shaft, the driver is electrically connected with the power taking slip ring through a wire, and the driver is used for driving the shaft sleeve to move in the axial direction. According to the invention, an existing paste making machine is improved, so that the stirring paddle of the paste making machine can be controllably lifted, so that gel with different depths in the paste making machine is fully stirred, sufficient shearing force is provided, and the problem that component substances are easy to sink and cannot be effectively stirred and sheared due to poor flowability of the gel is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gel production, in particular to a gel making machine and a tongue coating cleaning gel production process. Background Art

[0002] The difficulty in producing tongue coating cleaning gel is that particles are easily formed during storage and application of the product. Possible reasons include: electrolytes or polar substances in the formula affect the stability of the gel; pH changes cause the solubility or dispersibility of the gel to deteriorate; the thickener or stabilizer in the formula is incompatible with the gel; insufficient stirring or insufficient shear force generated during stirring fails to maintain uniform dispersion of the gel. As people pay more and more attention to oral hygiene, the demand for tongue coating cleaning gel is increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a production process that can efficiently and stably produce tongue coating cleaning gel that does not granulate during storage and application, and a production equipment that can improve the stirring effect is also needed. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a paste making machine, which aims to improve the stirring effect and solve the problem of particles easily appearing during product storage and application in the current production process.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a paste making machine, including a stirring shaft, a sleeve and a stirring paddle, the stirring paddle is fixed on the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved on the stirring shaft, a power supply slip ring is coaxially fixed on the stirring shaft, a power supply carbon brush is abutted on the power supply slip ring, a driver is fixed on the stirring shaft, the driver is electrically connected to the power supply slip ring through a wire, and the driver is used to drive the sleeve to move axially.

[0005] Optionally, the driver is a motor, the motor drive is connected to a screw, the axis of the screw is parallel to the axis of the stirring shaft, the screw is threadedly fitted with a nut seat, and the sleeve is fixed on the nut seat.

[0006] Optionally, the driver includes a first motor, a second motor, a first liquid tank and a second liquid tank, the first liquid tank and the second liquid tank are both provided with pistons, the first motor is used to drive the piston in the first liquid tank to move, the second motor is used to drive the piston in the second liquid tank to move, the first liquid tank is connected to a first liquid pipe, the second liquid tank is connected to a second liquid pipe, a liquid cavity is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve and the side wall of the stirring shaft, the liquid cavity extends axially, a partition is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve or the side wall of the stirring shaft, the periphery of the partition cooperates with the inner wall of the liquid cavity and can slide relative to each other axially, the first liquid pipe is connected to the liquid cavity space on one side of the partition, and the second liquid pipe is connected to the liquid cavity space on the other side of the partition.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a production process of tongue coating cleaning gel, the material components and weight proportions are as follows: Carbomer, 0.5-1.5wt%; Thickener, 0.001-0.1wt%; Humectant, 35-55wt%; Sweetener, 0.01-0.2wt%; Preservatives, 0.15-0.5wt%; Surfactant, 1.5-3.5wt%; Fragrance, 0.2-1.0wt%; Acid-base regulator, 0.2-0.5wt%; Purified water, used to balance the total weight to 100 wt %; The specific preparation steps are as follows: The first step is to add the moisturizer into the premixing pot, and slowly add the carbomer into the premixing pot while stirring. After the addition is completed, turn on the high-speed stirring and homogenization of the premixing pot, with a stirring speed of 100-450 rpm and a homogenization speed of 1500-3500 rpm, until there are no obvious particles; The second step is to disperse the thickener in the spare bucket; The third step is to control the temperature of the paste making machine at 25-40°C. When the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa, the premixed liquid in the first step is sucked in, and the solution in the second step is added to the premixing pot and sucked into the paste making machine; Step 4: Add purified water and sweetener to the premix pot and stir until completely dissolved; Step 5: When the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa again, the solution in step 4 is sucked in and stirring is started at a speed of 800-1050 rpm for 15-30 minutes. Step 6: Mix the flavor, preservative and surfactant until the mixture becomes clear and transparent; Step 7: Add the solution in step 6 and the remaining purified water into the paste making machine and continue stirring at a speed of 800-1050 rpm for 5-20 minutes; Step 8: Stop the vacuum pump and stirring of the paste making machine, add the acid-base regulator to the paste making machine, turn on the vacuum pump, control the vacuum degree to be not less than -0.094Mpa, turn on the stirring, the stirring speed is 800-1050 rpm, and the stirring time is 2-10 minutes until it is uniform; The ninth step is to reduce the stirring speed, control the vacuum degree to no less than -0.094Mpa, continue to vacuum for 10-25 minutes, and degas until there are no bubbles in the material.

[0008] Optionally, the humectant includes one or more of glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol-8.

[0009] Optionally, the thickener includes one or more of hyaluronic acid, aloe vera gel, xanthan gum, and Chondrus crispus.

[0010] Optionally, the sweetener includes one or more of galactose, xylitol, stevia extract, and saccharin sodium.

[0011] Optionally, the acid-base regulator includes one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and trisodium phosphate.

[0012] Optionally, the preservative includes one or more of parabens, benzoic acid and salts thereof.

[0013] Optionally, the surfactant includes one or more of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, and sodium cocoyl methyl taurate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention improves the existing paste making machine so that the stirring paddle of the paste making machine can be raised and lowered in a controllable manner, thereby fully stirring the gel at different depths in the paste making machine and providing sufficient shear force, thereby solving the problem that the poor fluidity of the gel causes the component materials to easily sink and cannot be effectively stirred and sheared.

[0015] 2. The present invention provides a formula with compatible ingredients, eliminating the influence of electrolytes or polar substances in the formula on the stability of the gel, and selecting carbomer as the main thickener. Due to the ion-intolerant property of carbomer, the glycoside ether bond (-COC-) of the lipophilic part of the surfactant can exist stably in the carbomer system without undergoing hydrolysis reaction or combining with the COO- on the carbomer side chain, so the produced gel is not easy to granulate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the tongue coating cleaning gel production process in the embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the first improved structure on the stirring shaft of the paste making machine in the embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the second improved structure on the stirring shaft of the paste making machine in the embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0021] In the figure: a stirring shaft 1, a sleeve 2, a power taking slip ring 3, a power supply carbon brush 4, a driver 5, a first motor 51, a second motor 52, a first liquid tank 53, a first liquid pipe 531, a second liquid tank 54, a second liquid pipe 541, a piston 55, a screw rod 6, a nut seat 7, a liquid chamber 8, a first cavity 81, a second cavity 82, and a partition 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the description of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed", "installed", "connected" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] The directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of description and simplified description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0025] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are merely used to distinguish elements of similar nature, and do not indicate or imply relative importance or a particular order.

[0026] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of the elements listed and may also include additional elements not expressly listed.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1The present invention provides a tongue coating cleaning gel production process, which firstly involves material preparation, wherein all raw materials are weighed and set aside according to the following formula.

[0028] Carbomer, 0.5-1.5wt%; Thickener, 0.001-0.1wt%; Humectant, 35-55wt%; Sweetener, 0.01-0.2wt%; Preservatives, 0.15-0.5wt%; Surfactant, 1.5-3.5wt%; Fragrance, 0.2-1.0wt%; Acid-base regulator, 0.2-0.5wt%; Purified water was used to balance the total weight to 100 wt %.

[0029] The equipment used in this process includes a premixing pot and an ointment making machine. The bottom of the premixing pot is connected to the ointment making machine through a pipeline, and the premix in the premixing pot can be sucked into the ointment making machine.

[0030] The specific preparation steps are as follows: The first step is to add the moisturizer (referring to one or more of glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol polyethylene glycol-8) into the premixing pot, and slowly add the carbomer into the premixing pot while stirring. After the addition of the carbomer is completed, turn on the high-speed stirring and homogenization of the premixing pot, with a stirring speed of 100-450 rpm and a homogenization speed of 1500-3500 rpm, until there are no obvious particles; Step 2: Disperse the thickener (referring to one or more of hyaluronic acid, aloe vera gel, xanthan gum, and crispy chondrus crispus) in a spare bucket; The third step is to open the water inlet valve of the paste making machine jacket, feed circulating water into the jacket, control the temperature of the paste making machine at 25-40°C, and when the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa, inhale the premixed liquid in the first step, and add the solution in the second step into the premixing pot and inhale it into the paste making machine; Step 4: Add purified water and sweetener (referring to one or more of galactose, xylitol, stevia extract, and saccharin sodium) into the premixing pot and stir until completely dissolved; Step 5: When the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa again, the solution in step 4 is sucked in, stirring is started, the stirring speed is 800-1050 rpm, the stirring time is 15-30 minutes, and the cover is opened to observe if there are no white particles, then proceed to the next step; if there are still white particles, the cover is closed and the vacuum degree requirement is reached before continuing to stir; Step 6: Mix and stir the flavor, preservative (referring to one or more of parabens, benzoic acid and its salts) and surfactant (referring to one or more of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate) until clear and transparent; Step 7: Add the solution in step 6 and the remaining purified water into the paste making machine and continue stirring at a speed of 800-1050 rpm for 5-20 minutes; Step 8: Stop the vacuum pump and stirring of the paste making machine, add acid-base regulator (referring to one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate) to the paste making machine, turn on the vacuum pump, control the vacuum degree to be not less than -0.094Mpa, start stirring, the stirring speed is 800-1050 rpm, and the stirring time is 2-10 minutes, until it is uniform; The ninth step is to reduce the stirring speed, control the vacuum degree to no less than -0.094Mpa, continue to vacuum for 10-25 minutes, and degas until there are no bubbles in the material.

[0031] Finally, samples were taken for testing. The testing standards are as follows: pH 6.00-8.50; specific gravity 1.02-1.3; consistency 6-12mm; foam volume ≥60; transparency meets the requirements of colorless, transparent, free of foreign matter, bubbles, and particles.

[0032] The above-mentioned tongue coating cleaning gel production process provides a formula with compatible ingredients, eliminates the influence of electrolytes or polar substances in the formula on the stability of the gel, and selects carbomer as the main thickener. Due to the ion-intolerant property of carbomer, the glycosidic ether bond (-COC-) of the lipophilic part of the surfactant can exist stably in the carbomer system without undergoing hydrolysis reaction or combining with the COO- on the carbomer side chain. Therefore, the produced gel is not easy to granulate.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 The present invention also relates to an improvement of the above-mentioned paste making machine: a paste making machine is provided, the paste making machine comprises a stirring shaft 1, a sleeve 2 and a stirring paddle, the sleeve 2 is coaxially sleeved on the stirring shaft 1, and the inner wall of the sleeve 2 is in contact with the side wall of the stirring shaft 1, the sleeve 2 can slide along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 1, the stirring paddle is fixed on the sleeve 2, a power-taking slip ring 3 is coaxially fixed on the stirring shaft 1, an insulating layer is arranged between the power-taking slip ring 3 and the stirring shaft 1, a power supply carbon brush 4 is abutted on the power-taking slip ring 3, a driver 5 is fixed on the stirring shaft 1, the driver 5 is electrically connected to the power-taking slip ring 3 through a wire, and the driver 5 is used to drive the sleeve 2 to move along the axial direction. The power-taking slip ring 3 and the power supply carbon brush 4 are located on the side wall of the stirring shaft 1 outside the paste making machine, and the sleeve 2 and the stirring paddle are located on the side wall of the stirring shaft 1 inside the paste making machine; the driver 5 can be located outside the paste making machine or inside the paste making machine, and when the driver 5 is located inside the paste making machine, a protective shell surrounding the driver 5 can be added.

[0034] The above-mentioned paste making machine is an improvement on the existing paste making machine, so that the stirring paddle of the paste making machine can be raised and lowered in a controllable manner, thereby fully stirring the gel at different depths in the paste making machine and providing sufficient shear force, thereby solving the problem that the poor fluidity of the gel causes the component substances to easily sink and cannot be effectively stirred and sheared.

[0035] Specifically, the following two solutions are provided: Solution 1: Please refer to Figure 2 The driver 5 is a motor, and a screw rod 6 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor. The axis of the screw rod 6 is parallel to the axis of the stirring shaft 1. The screw rod 6 is threadedly matched with a nut seat 7, and the sleeve 2 is fixed on the nut seat 7; the motor drives the screw rod 6 to rotate, driving the nut seat 7 and the sleeve 2 to move along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 1, and the moving distance of the sleeve 2 is controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the motor rotating shaft, and the moving direction of the sleeve 2 is controlled by controlling the rotation direction of the motor.

[0036] Solution 2: Please refer to Figure 3 The driver 5 includes a first motor 51, a second motor 52, a first liquid tank 53 and a second liquid tank 54. The first liquid tank 53 and the second liquid tank 54 are both straight cylinders and are provided with pistons 55 inside. The pistons 55 can slide along the axial direction of the cylinder. The first motor 51 is used to drive the piston 55 in the first liquid tank 53 to move, and the second motor 52 is used to drive the piston 55 in the second liquid tank 54 to move. Please refer to Figure 4 The driving mode is that the motor drives the screw rod 6 to rotate, the screw rod 6 is connected to the nut seat 7, and the nut seat 7 is fixedly connected to the piston 55. The first motor 51 and the second motor 52 can also directly use an electric cylinder to fix the piston 55 to the moving seat of the electric cylinder; The first liquid tank 53 is connected to a first liquid pipe 531, and the second liquid tank 54 is connected to a second liquid pipe 541; A liquid cavity 8 is formed between the inner wall of the shaft sleeve 2 and the side wall of the stirring shaft 1. The inner wall of the shaft sleeve 2 may be grooved to form a liquid cavity 8 with the side wall of the stirring shaft 1. A fixed partition 9 is welded on the side wall of the stirring shaft 1 and extends into the liquid cavity 8. Alternatively, the side wall of the stirring shaft 1 may be machined with a groove to form a liquid cavity 8 with the inner wall of the shaft sleeve 2, and a partition plate 9 may be fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the shaft sleeve 2 and extend into the liquid cavity 8; The length of the liquid chamber 8 extends along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 1, the periphery of the partition 9 cooperates with the inner wall of the liquid chamber 8 and can slide relatively along the axial direction, the first liquid tube 531 connects to the space of the liquid chamber 8 on one side of the partition 9 (hereinafter referred to as the first cavity 81), and the second liquid tube 541 connects to the space of the liquid chamber 8 on the other side of the partition 9 (hereinafter referred to as the second cavity 82).

[0037] The first motor 51, the second motor 52, the first liquid bin 53 and the second liquid bin 54 of the second solution are all fixed on the side wall of the stirring shaft 1 outside the paste making machine. When the first motor 51 drives the piston 55 in the first liquid bin 53 to move forward, the first liquid pipe 531 feeds liquid into the first cavity 81, and the second cavity 82 returns liquid to the second liquid bin 54 through the second liquid pipe 541. The length of the first cavity 81 increases and the length of the second cavity 82 decreases. At this time, under the action of hydraulic pressure, the sleeve 2 starts to move in one direction of the axial direction (when the partition 9 is fixed on the sleeve 2, the sleeve 2 moves downward / when the partition 9 is fixed on the stirring shaft 1, the sleeve 2 moves upward); When the second motor 52 drives the piston 55 in the second liquid tank 54 forward, the second liquid pipe 541 fills liquid into the second cavity 82, and the first cavity 81 returns liquid to the first liquid tank 53 through the first liquid pipe 531. The length of the second cavity 82 increases and the length of the first cavity 81 decreases. At this time, under the action of hydraulic pressure, the sleeve 2 starts to move in another axial direction (when the partition 9 is fixed on the sleeve 2, the sleeve 2 moves upward / when the partition 9 is fixed on the stirring shaft 1, the sleeve 2 moves downward).

[0038] The first motor 51 and the second motor 52 work synchronously in a linkage manner, that is, when the first motor 51 rotates forward to pump liquid out of the first liquid tank 53, the second motor 52 rotates reversely to absorb liquid from the second liquid tank 54; conversely, when the second motor 52 rotates forward to pump liquid out of the second liquid tank 54, the first liquid tank 53 rotates reversely to absorb liquid from the first liquid tank 53. The first motor 51 and the second motor 52 may also work asynchronously, and a motor whose rotor can be reversed by external force may be used.

[0039] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A paste making machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a stirring shaft, a shaft sleeve and a stirring paddle, wherein the stirring paddle is fixed on the shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the stirring shaft, a power-taking slip ring is coaxially fixed on the stirring shaft, a power supply carbon brush is abutted on the power-taking slip ring, a driver is fixed on the stirring shaft, the driver is electrically connected to the power-taking slip ring through a wire, and the driver is used to drive the shaft sleeve to move axially.

2. The paste making machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driver is a motor, the motor drive is connected to a screw rod, the axis of the screw rod is parallel to the axis of the stirring shaft, the screw rod is threadedly matched with a nut seat, and the shaft sleeve is fixed on the nut seat.

3. The paste making machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driver includes a first motor, a second motor, a first liquid tank and a second liquid tank. The first liquid tank and the second liquid tank are both provided with pistons. The first motor is used to drive the piston in the first liquid tank to move, and the second motor is used to drive the piston in the second liquid tank to move. The first liquid tank is connected to a first liquid pipe, and the second liquid tank is connected to a second liquid pipe. A liquid cavity is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve and the side wall of the stirring shaft, and the liquid cavity extends axially. A partition is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve or the side wall of the stirring shaft, and the periphery of the partition cooperates with the inner wall of the liquid cavity and can slide relative to each other axially. The first liquid pipe is connected to the liquid cavity space on one side of the partition, and the second liquid pipe is connected to the liquid cavity space on the other side of the partition.

4. A process for producing tongue coating cleaning gel, using the paste making machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The material components and weight ratio are as follows: Carbomer, 0.5-1.5wt%; Thickener, 0.001-0.1wt%; Humectant, 35-55wt%; Sweetener, 0.01-0.2wt%; Preservatives, 0.15-0.5wt%; Surfactant, 1.5-3.5wt%; Fragrance, 0.2-1.0wt%; Acid-base regulator, 0.2-0.5wt%; Purified water, used to balance the total weight to 100 wt %; The specific preparation steps are as follows: The first step is to add the moisturizer into the premixing pot, and slowly add the carbomer into the premixing pot while stirring. After the addition is completed, turn on the high-speed stirring and homogenization of the premixing pot, with a stirring speed of 100-450 rpm and a homogenization speed of 1500-3500 rpm, until there are no obvious particles; The second step is to disperse the thickener in the spare bucket; The third step is to control the temperature of the paste making machine at 25-40°C. When the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa, the premixed liquid in the first step is sucked in, and the solution in the second step is added to the premixing pot and sucked into the paste making machine; Step 4: Add purified water and sweetener to the premix pot and stir until completely dissolved; Step 5: When the vacuum degree of the paste making machine reaches -0.07Mpa again, the solution in step 4 is sucked in and stirring is started at a speed of 800-1050 rpm for 15-30 minutes. Step 6: Mix the flavor, preservative and surfactant until the mixture is clear and transparent; Step 7: Add the solution in step 6 and the remaining purified water into the paste making machine and continue stirring at a speed of 800-1050 rpm for 5-20 minutes; Step 8: Stop the vacuum pump and stirring of the paste making machine, add the acid-base regulator to the paste making machine, turn on the vacuum pump, control the vacuum degree to be not less than -0.094Mpa, turn on the stirring, the stirring speed is 800-1050 rpm, the stirring time is 2-10 minutes, until it is uniform; The ninth step is to reduce the stirring speed, control the vacuum degree to no less than -0.094Mpa, continue to vacuum for 10-25 minutes, and degas until there are no bubbles in the material.

5. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The humectant includes one or more of glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol-8.

6. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickener includes one or more of hyaluronic acid, aloe vera gel, xanthan gum, and crispy chondrus crispus.

7. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sweetener includes one or more of galactose, xylitol, stevia extract, and saccharin sodium.

8. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The acid-base regulator includes one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and trisodium phosphate.

9. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preservatives include one or more of parabens, benzoic acid and salts thereof.

10. The tongue coating cleaning gel production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surfactant includes one or more of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, and sodium cocoyl methyl taurate.

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