Deformable wing capable of changing camber of front edge and rear edge

Abstract

A deformable wing with variable camber of front and rear edges is composed of a driving device, a middle-section fixed wing, a movable rear edge and a movable front edge. Through the combined movement of the wings, the smooth and continuous deformation of the wings can be realized, and the resistance caused by discontinuous deformation and gaps of the traditional wings is eliminated. The deformable wing capable of changing the camber of the front edge and the rear edge has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost, light and firm in structure and large in variable angle, the lift-drag coefficient of the wing can be changed under the control of an airborne computer according to different flight tasks and environments through smooth and continuous deformation on the premise of low resistance and low noise, and the wing can be applied to the aircraft. The wing can be used as a flap to improve cruising speed and shorten takeoff and landing taxiing distance, and can also be used as an aileron to ensure that resistance coefficients of a left wing and a right wing are the same when lift coefficients change, a rolling-yawing coupling effect is reduced, and flight quality is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular relates to a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge cambers. Background Art

[0002] The control of fixed-wing aircraft requires changing the size and distribution of lift on the wing surface. However, the local deformation of traditional wings usually causes gaps, discontinuous changes and sudden changes in curvature in the chord-wise section of the wing, thus affecting the airflow state on the wing surface. In order to make up for these defects, people have started to study morphing wings and morphing aircraft: morphing wings can change the size and distribution of lift on the wing surface through continuous and smooth deformation, improve the adaptability of aircraft to various tasks in various environments, and reduce operating energy consumption and noise.

[0003] Currently, shape-memory wings are mostly driven by intelligent materials such as shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials, but their driving force and displacement are small, and the supporting systems are complex. For example, shape memory alloys require a strict thermal management system, while piezoelectric materials require a higher voltage, and are heavy and costly, so there is no mature and reliable application solution yet. In addition, most of the current shape-changing wings have variable trailing edge curvature, and there are few multi-degree-of-freedom configurations that change the leading and trailing edges at the same time. The deformation control parameters are limited, and the control ability is poor.

[0004] In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the present invention proposes a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber, which has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, light weight, low cost and a large camber variation range. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Purpose: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber, so that the aircraft can flexibly adjust the size and distribution of the lift generated by the wing according to the current environment and flight status, reduce flight energy consumption and noise, and improve flight quality.

[0006] 2. Technical solution: A deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge curvature, characterized in that it consists of a driving device, a middle fixed wing, a movable trailing edge, and a movable leading edge.

[0007] The driving device is characterized in that it is composed of a driving steering gear 1, a coupling 2, and a transmission shaft 3. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the coupling 2 connects the output shaft of the driving steering gear 1 with the transmission shaft 3 through bolts. Through the coupling 2, the driving steering gear 1 can transmit torque to the transmission shaft 3. The transmission shaft 3 is characterized in that small holes are opened on it according to the distribution of the leading edge ribs 12 and the trailing edge ribs 10, and can pass through the pin shaft to connect with the leading edge ribs 12 or the trailing edge ribs 10 to transmit torque. Further, the two sets of driving devices drive the active leading edge and the active trailing edge respectively.

[0008] The middle section fixed wing is characterized by being composed of a spar 4, a leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, a middle section wing rib 6, a trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7, and a rear wall 8. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the middle section wing rib 6 is inserted into the corresponding slot of the rear wall 8 and fixed by bonding, the spar 4 is fixed by bonding to the middle section wing rib 6, and the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5 and the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7 are respectively bonded to the front and rear upper and lower slots of the middle section wing rib 6.

[0009] The movable trailing edge is characterized by being composed of a trailing edge rib 10, a trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9, and a trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the trailing edge rib 10 is bonded and fixed to the trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9, and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 3 and clamped between the trailing edge ribs 10 and can rotate freely. Further, the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 is composed of an upper and lower part, and is connected by a threaded fastener to be installed on the transmission shaft 3. Further, the trailing edge rib 10 of the movable trailing edge is connected to the middle section rib 6 of the middle section fixed wing through the transmission shaft 3, so that the movable trailing edge can rotate relative to the middle section fixed wing with the transmission shaft 3 as the axis to change the curvature of the wing trailing edge.

[0010] The movable leading edge is characterized by being composed of a leading edge rib 12, a leading edge reinforcement tube 13, a leading edge beam 14, a leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15, and a leading edge flexible skin support roller 16. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the leading edge reinforcement tube 13 is bonded and fixed to the leading edge rib 12, the leading edge rib 12 is stuck in the corresponding slot of the leading edge beam 14 and bonded and fixed, the leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15 is bonded and fixed to the leading edge rib 12, and the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 3 and clamped between the leading edge ribs 16 and can rotate freely. Further, the leading edge flexible skin support roller 15 is composed of an upper and lower part, and is connected by a threaded fastener to be installed on the transmission shaft 3. Further, the leading edge rib 12 of the movable leading edge is connected to the middle section rib 6 of the middle section fixed wing through the transmission shaft 3, so that the movable leading edge can rotate relative to the middle section fixed wing with the transmission shaft 3 as the axis to change the curvature of the wing leading edge.

[0011] The deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber is characterized in that a flexible skin made of a silicone plate is covered between the leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15 and the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, and between the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7 and the trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9. Further, the flexible skin is respectively bonded and fixed to the leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15, the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7, and the trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9. Further, the flexible skin has a certain tensile preload and maintains a tensioned state when contracted. Further, it is characterized in that the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 play a role in supporting the flexible skin described in claim 2, and maintain the smoothness and continuity of the airfoil during the wing deformation process. Further, the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 are hollow shell-shaped designs to reduce weight. Further, it is characterized in that the driving servo 1 is controlled by an onboard computer. Furthermore, the onboard computer automatically controls the driving servo 1 according to the flight conditions and environment, changes the shape of the wing and thus changes the lift of the wing, thereby improving the flight quality.

[0012] 3. Advantages and effects: The deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber proposed by the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, light and strong structure, and large variable angle. It can change the lift and drag coefficient of the wing under the premise of low resistance and low noise through smooth and continuous deformation according to different flight missions and environments under the control of an onboard computer. It can not only be used as a flap to increase the cruising speed and shorten the take-off and landing distance, but also can be used as an aileron to ensure that the drag coefficient of the left and right wings is the same when the lift coefficient changes, thereby reducing the roll-yaw coupling effect and significantly improving the flight quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge cambers according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 1 Middle: Component 1 is a driving servo, Component 2 is a coupling, Component 3 is a transmission shaft, Component 4 is a wing spar, Component 5 is a leading edge flexible skin fixing plate, Component 6 is a middle section wing rib, Component 7 is a trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate, Component 8 is a rear wall, Component 9 is a trailing edge flexible skin bonding plate, Component 10 is a trailing edge rib, Component 11 is a trailing edge flexible skin supporting roller, Component 12 is a leading edge rib, Component 13 is a leading edge reinforcement tube, Component 14 is a leading edge beam, Component 15 is a leading edge flexible skin bonding plate, and Component 16 is a leading edge flexible skin supporting roller;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a UAV equipped with a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber according to the present invention as a flap;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a zero-camber state of a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge cambers according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a positive camber state of a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge cambers according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber in a negative camber state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Combination Figures 1 to 5 Describe the specific implementation mode of the present invention:

[0021] The present invention is a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber. When the onboard computer issues a camber change command, the servo 1 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate through the coupling 2. The transmission shaft 3 has through holes at the positions of each leading edge rib 12 and trailing edge rib 10. The leading edge rib 12 and trailing edge rib 10 are driven to rotate by the pins inserted into the through holes, thereby driving the flexible skin bonded to the leading edge flexible skin bonding plate 15 and the trailing edge flexible skin bonding plate 9 to be compressed or stretched. During the stretching process of the flexible skin, it will be tensioned and attached to the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 to maintain a convex and smooth continuous shape. Figure 4 As shown in , when the wing needs to increase lift, the leading edge rotates counterclockwise and the trailing edge rotates clockwise, thereby increasing the wing curvature; Figure 5 As shown in , when the wing needs to reduce lift, the leading edge rotates clockwise and the trailing edge rotates counterclockwise, thereby reducing the wing camber; Figure 3 As shown, when the aircraft needs to increase the flight speed and reduce the flight resistance, the leading and trailing edges return to their original positions, thereby making the wing curvature zero.

[0022] The following is further described in conjunction with an embodiment. Figure 2 The invention is a drone equipped with a deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber as a flap. When the drone is taxiing and taking off, the deformable wing is as follows: Figure 4 The positive camber state is shown, which increases the lift coefficient of the wing, reduces the speed required for takeoff, and reduces the takeoff run length; when the UAV is in the cruising state, the deformed wing is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The figure shows the zero camber state, which reduces the lift coefficient and drag coefficient, thereby increasing the flight speed; when the UAV is in the landing and rolling state, the deformed wing is as shown in Figure 5 The negative camber state is shown, which generates downward lift and increases resistance, improving tire grip, thereby helping the drone to stop faster and improving take-off and landing efficiency and flight quality.

Claims

1. A morphing wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber, characterized in that: It consists of a drive device, a mid-section fixed wing, a movable trailing edge and a movable leading edge. The driving device is characterized in that it is composed of a driving steering gear 1, a coupling 2, and a transmission shaft 3. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the coupling 2 connects the output shaft of the driving steering gear 1 with the transmission shaft 3 through bolts. Through the coupling 2, the driving steering gear 1 can transmit torque to the transmission shaft 3. The transmission shaft 3 is characterized in that small holes are opened on it according to the distribution of the leading edge ribs 12 and the trailing edge ribs 10, and can pass through the pin shaft to connect with the leading edge ribs 12 or the trailing edge ribs 10 to transmit torque. Further, the two sets of driving devices drive the active leading edge and the active trailing edge respectively. The middle section fixed wing is characterized by being composed of a spar 4, a leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, a middle section wing rib 6, a trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7, and a rear wall 8. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the middle section wing rib 6 is inserted into the corresponding slot of the rear wall 8 and fixed by bonding, the spar 4 is fixed by bonding to the middle section wing rib 6, and the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5 and the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7 are respectively bonded to the front and rear upper and lower slots of the middle section wing rib 6. The movable trailing edge is characterized by being composed of a trailing edge rib 10, a trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9, and a trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the trailing edge rib 10 is bonded and fixed to the trailing edge flexible skin adhesive plate 9, and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 3 and clamped between the trailing edge ribs 10 and can rotate freely. Further, the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 is composed of an upper and lower part, and is connected by a threaded fastener to be installed on the transmission shaft 3. Further, the trailing edge rib 10 of the movable trailing edge is connected to the middle section rib 6 of the middle section fixed wing through the transmission shaft 3, so that the movable trailing edge can rotate relative to the middle section fixed wing with the transmission shaft 3 as the axis to change the curvature of the wing trailing edge. The movable leading edge is characterized by being composed of a leading edge rib 12, a leading edge reinforcement tube 13, a leading edge beam 14, a leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15, and a leading edge flexible skin support roller 16. The connection relationship between them is as follows: the leading edge reinforcement tube 13 is bonded and fixed to the leading edge rib 12, the leading edge rib 12 is stuck in the corresponding slot of the leading edge beam 14 and bonded and fixed, the leading edge flexible skin adhesive plate 15 is bonded and fixed to the leading edge rib 12, and the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 3 and clamped between the leading edge ribs 12 and can rotate freely. Further, the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 is composed of an upper and lower part, and is connected by a threaded fastener to be installed on the transmission shaft 3. Further, the leading edge rib 12 of the movable leading edge is connected to the middle section rib 6 of the middle section fixed wing through the transmission shaft 3, so that the movable leading edge can rotate relative to the middle section fixed wing with the transmission shaft 3 as the axis to change the curvature of the wing leading edge.

2. A deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber according to claim 1, characterized in that A flexible skin made of a silicone sheet is covered between the leading edge flexible skin bonding plate 15 and the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, and between the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7 and the trailing edge flexible skin bonding plate 9. Further, the flexible skin is respectively bonded and fixed to the leading edge flexible skin bonding plate 15, the leading edge flexible skin fixing plate 5, the trailing edge flexible skin fixing plate 7, and the trailing edge flexible skin bonding plate 9. Further, the flexible skin has a certain tensile preload force and maintains a tensioned state when contracted.

3. The deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber according to claim 1, characterized in that The leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 play the role of supporting the flexible skin described in claim 2 and maintaining the smoothness and continuity of the airfoil during the wing deformation process. Furthermore, the leading edge flexible skin support roller 16 and the trailing edge flexible skin support roller 11 are hollow shell-shaped designs to reduce weight.

4. The deformable wing with variable leading and trailing edge camber according to claim 1, characterized in that The driving servo 1 is controlled by an onboard computer. Further, the onboard computer automatically controls the driving servo 1 according to the flight conditions and environment, changes the shape of the wing and thus changes the lift of the wing, thus improving the flight quality.

Images