A cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator and its application

Abstract

This invention discloses a cotton high-temperature yield-increasing regulator and its application. The regulator, water-based, comprises 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and 1-methylcyclopropene. When applied during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage, it significantly improves cotton photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzyme activity, enhancing the cotton's high-temperature resistance. Compared to spraying with plain water, spraying this regulator at high temperatures increased boll weight by 95.2%, reduced shedding rate by 6.9%, and increased seed cotton yield by 74.1%, indicating that under high-temperature stress, this high-temperature yield-increasing regulator can significantly increase seed cotton yield by increasing boll weight and reducing shedding rate. In field trials, compared to a control using room-temperature water, spraying this high-temperature yield-increasing regulator also significantly reduced cotton boll shedding rate (average reduction of 11.1%) and significantly increased cotton seed cotton yield (average increase of 15.4%). This high-temperature yield-increasing regulator has advantages such as ease of use, small dosage, low cost, good effect, safety, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant growth regulators, and more specifically to a cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Although cotton originated in the tropics and thrives in high temperatures, high temperatures during the crucial flowering and boll-forming period from June to August in summer can still lead to increased boll shedding and reduced boll weight, ultimately significantly reducing cotton seed yield and fiber quality.

[0003] Plant growth regulators can effectively improve the heat tolerance of cotton and increase yield. While existing cotton heat-resistant agents or growth regulators can enhance cotton's heat tolerance, they all have some drawbacks. For example, agents like SmartCong and seaweed polysaccharides, as cotton heat-resistant agents, each have their own characteristics. SmartCong enhances disease resistance and stress tolerance by activating the plant's own defense mechanisms, but its cost is relatively high and its use requires certain technical guidance. Seaweed polysaccharides, on the other hand, promote root development and nutrient absorption, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and comprehensively enhance plant growth. They are also environmentally friendly and safe, but their effectiveness is greatly affected by environmental conditions, and their storage and transportation requirements are relatively strict. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a compound of cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulators and their application. Based on the current situation that cotton is mainly affected by high temperatures during the flowering and boll-forming stage, the invention develops a new type of cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator from two aspects: reducing cotton shedding rate and increasing cotton boll weight by improving cotton photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defense capacity, thereby achieving the goal of increasing cotton seed yield under high temperatures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator, with water as the base, whose active ingredients include 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and 1-methylcyclopropene.

[0007] 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (MIA) is a high-quality and highly effective plant immune inducer, readily soluble in water. Belonging to the class of organic acid plant immune inducers, it is isolated and purified from the metabolites of *Alternaria*, a major saprophytic plant pathogen widely found in nature. It possesses the function of mitigating damage to plants caused by high temperatures, low temperatures, drought, and salinity. Studies have shown that ryegrass, wheat, and tomatoes sprayed with MIA exhibited significantly higher aboveground biomass and a significantly lower heat damage index after high-temperature treatment, thus improving the heat tolerance of these crops.

[0008] 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid plant growth regulator and a specific inhibitor of ethylene (ETH) receptors, with a water solubility of 3 g / L. Spraying 1-MCP under high-temperature stress can downregulate the expression of ETH synthesis genes, inhibit ETH synthesis, prevent excessive ETH accumulation, and alleviate its adverse effects on crop growth. 1-MCP can significantly inhibit MDA content in cucumber seedlings under high-temperature stress, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic regulators, and alleviate the damage caused by high temperatures to plant cells. 1-MCP treatment also alleviates the damage to cotton physiological metabolism and yield caused by high temperatures through enhanced photosynthesis, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, and antioxidant defense metabolism, thereby improving cotton's heat tolerance.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is 100-10000 nmol / L, and the concentration of 1-methylcyclopropene is 200-600 nmol / L.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes an active spreading agent.

[0011] Furthermore, the concentration of the active spreading agent is 0.1-0.2 ml / L.

[0012] Preferably, the active spreading agent is one or more of Tween 20 and Tween 60.

[0013] Tween 20 or 60 is a widely used active spreading agent, primarily used to promote the adhesion and penetration of plant growth regulator solutions onto the plant surface, thereby enhancing absorption and efficacy. Simultaneously, this active spreading agent also promotes plant metabolic processes.

[0014] This invention also provides the application of the cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator described in the above technical solution in cotton planting.

[0015] Preferably, it is sprayed on the entire field during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage.

[0016] Furthermore, the spraying time is 8:00-10:00 AM or 4:00-6:00 PM.

[0017] Furthermore, spraying can be done in rainless weather.

[0018] Furthermore, the spraying rate is 15L / acre.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator and its application, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator provided by this invention is simple to prepare, requires very little quantity for specific applications, and its main active ingredients are non-toxic, harmless, easily degradable, and leave little residue. Long-term use poses no concern for ecological damage. This cotton high-temperature resistance and growth regulator has a significant synergistic effect. Under high-temperature stress, it not only improves cotton photosynthesis but also increases cotton's antioxidant defense substances, increases boll weight, and reduces shedding rate. It significantly increases cotton seed yield while improving high-temperature resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 The aboveground and underground dry weight, photosynthetic rate (Pn), POD, SOD, and CAT were observed under different treatments at the seedling stage of Zhongmian 69. A represents photosynthetic rate, B represents POD (peroxidase), C represents SOD (superoxide dismutase activity), D represents CAT (catalase in leaves), E represents aboveground dry weight, and F represents underground dry weight.

[0023] Figure 2 The aboveground and underground dry weight, photosynthetic rate (Pn), POD, SOD, and CAT were observed under different treatments at the seedling stage of Zhongmian 425. A represents photosynthetic rate, B represents POD (peroxidase), C represents SOD (superoxide dismutase activity), D represents CAT (catalase in leaves), E represents aboveground dry weight, and F represents underground dry weight.

[0024] Figure 3 The aboveground and underground dry weight, photosynthetic rate (Pn), POD, SOD, and CAT are shown under different treatments at the seedling stage of the 92 seedling from the China Cotton Research Institute. A represents photosynthetic rate, B represents POD (peroxidase), C represents SOD (superoxide dismutase activity), D represents CAT (catalase in leaves), E represents aboveground dry weight, and F represents underground dry weight. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Experimental Example

[0027] Using heat-resistant cotton variety CCRI-69, moderately heat-resistant cotton variety CCRI-425, and heat-sensitive cotton variety CCRI-92 as experimental materials, a seedling experiment was conducted from February to April 2022 in the artificial climate chamber of the Laboratory of Economic Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province (118°50′E, 32°02′N). Two temperature treatments were set up: ambient temperature treatment [28℃ (32℃, 24℃), denoted by NT] and high temperature treatment [38℃ (42℃, 34℃), denoted by HT]. Temperature control simulated the natural diurnal temperature variation. Eight combinations of plant growth regulators were set up: a water control (CK); three MIA concentration gradients of 100, 1000, and 10000 nmol / L, denoted as MIA100, MIA1000, and MIA10000, respectively; three 1-MCP concentration gradients of 200, 400, and 600 μmol / L, denoted as MCP200, MCP400, and MCP600, respectively; and a combination of 1000 nmol / L MIA and 400 μmol / L MCP, denoted as MIA1000+MCP400. There were 16 experimental treatments for each variety, with each treatment replicated four times. During the cotton seedling stage, cotton seedlings with uniform growth were selected, sprayed with the high-temperature yield-increasing regulator, and then placed in greenhouses treated with both high and normal temperatures. Samples were taken three days after the high temperature and two days after the temperature returned to normal, and the dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts, CAT (catalase in leaves), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase activity), and photosynthetic rate were measured.

[0028] In this experiment, MIA1000 showed the best effect for MIA treatment, and MCP400 showed the best effect for 1-MCP treatment. Therefore, the experimental results of CK, MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 at room temperature and high temperature were selected for analysis. Some experimental results are shown below. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0029] The experimental results of Zhongmian Institute 69 are as follows Figure 1As shown in the figure, at room temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 3.3%, 6.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 13.3%, 6.7%, and 22.7%, respectively; the photosynthetic rate increased slightly but not significantly. At high temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 9.3%, 5.8%, and 14.6%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 20.6%, 30.9%, and 61.8%, respectively. Therefore, the compound growth regulator can significantly increase the underground dry weight of cotton seedlings at high temperatures. In addition, the MIA1000+MCP400 compound regulator improved the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in the opposite leaves of the cotton boll of Zhongmian Institute 69 to a certain extent under high temperature, further enhancing the cotton's resistance to stress under high temperature.

[0030] The experimental results of Zhongmian 425 are as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure. At room temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 3.2%, 5.6%, and 10.8%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 4.5%, 6.3%, and 15.2%, respectively; although the photosynthetic rate increased, the difference was not significant. At high temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 5.1%, 7.4%, and 12.6%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 6.8%, 9.7%, and 18.9%, respectively; the photosynthetic rate increased by 4.2%, 6.1%, and 8.7%, respectively. Therefore, the compound growth regulator significantly increased the accumulation of underground dry weight of Zhongmian 425 seedlings under high temperature conditions and promoted the growth of the aboveground parts to a certain extent. Furthermore, the MIA1000+MCP400 compound regulator effectively increased the SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activities of the opposite leaves of Zhongmian 425 cotton bolls under high temperatures, further enhancing the stress resistance of Zhongmian 425 under high temperatures. This indicates that the compound regulator has a significant effect on promoting growth and regulating stress resistance in Zhongmian 425.

[0031] The experimental results of the Chinese Cotton Research Institute No. 92 are as follows: Figure 3As shown in the figure, at room temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 2.8%, 4.9%, and 9.6%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 3.7%, 5.8%, and 13.4%, respectively. At high temperature, compared with the control (CK), the aboveground dry weight of cotton treated with MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 increased by 4.3%, 6.7%, and 11.4%, respectively, while the underground dry weight increased by 5.4%, 8.3%, and 17.2%, respectively. The photosynthetic rate increased slightly, but the difference was not significant. Therefore, the compound growth regulator significantly promoted the underground dry weight of cotton seedlings at the Zhongmian Institute 92 at high temperature and also had a certain promoting effect on the growth of the aboveground parts. Meanwhile, the MIA1000+MCP400 compound growth regulator effectively increased the SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activities of the opposite leaves of the boll of Zhongmian 92 cotton under high temperature conditions, significantly enhancing the cotton's stress resistance. Overall, the compound growth regulator plays an important role in improving the stress resistance and growth capacity of Zhongmian 92 cotton.

[0032] In summary, the experimental results, based on preliminary experiments with three varieties, demonstrate that the combined growth regulator MIA 1000 + MCP 400 is more effective than MIA and MCP alone. Furthermore, it effectively improves seedling dry weight and photosynthetic rate of cotton under both normal and high-temperature conditions, significantly enhancing the cotton's heat tolerance. Regardless of whether the cotton is heat-sensitive, moderately heat-tolerant, or heat-tolerant, the combined growth regulator exhibits good growth effects, indicating that its effect on improving cotton growth and heat tolerance is universally applicable at high temperatures.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Using Zhongmian 425 as the test variety, experiments were conducted from May to October 2022 and 2023 in three consecutive glass greenhouses at the Pailou Experimental Base of Nanjing Agricultural University in Jiangsu Province (118°50′E, 32°02′N). One greenhouse was set up with a normal temperature treatment [NT, 28℃ (32℃, 24℃), with the temperature settings unchanged throughout the cotton growth period], while the other two greenhouses were set up with a high temperature treatment [HT, 38℃ (42℃, 34℃), a 12-day treatment conducted when the cotton flowered at the first node of the fourth fruiting branch, with the temperature settings the same as NT for the remaining time]. Temperature control simulated the natural diurnal temperature variation. Four plant growth regulator combinations were set up for each temperature treatment: a water control (CK), a 1000 nmol / L MIA treatment (MIA1000), a 400 μmol / L 1-MCP treatment (MCP400), and a combination of 1000 nmol / L MIA and 400 μmol / L MCP (MIA1000+MCP400). The high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator was sprayed when the cotton flowered at the first fruiting node of the fourth fruiting branch. The spraying was separated by a plastic film, and the high-temperature treatment began after all the cotton had been sprayed.

[0035] After the cotton matured, boll weight, number of bolls per plant, and other indicators were measured, and the boll shedding rate and seed cotton yield per plant were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Effects of high-temperature yield-increasing regulators on cotton yield composition and seed cotton yield per plant under normal and high temperatures.

[0037]

[0038] Note: In Table 1, △ represents the percentage increase in seed cotton yield per plant compared to the control CK. The data in the table is the average of data from 2022 and 2023.

[0039] At room temperature, compared with the control (CK), the yield of seed cotton per plant increased by 9.8%, 3.9%, and 11.2% under the MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 treatments, respectively, while the shedding rate decreased by 6.2%, 6.6%, and 6.1%, respectively. At high temperature, compared with the control, the yield of seed cotton per plant increased by 62.3%, 54.7%, and 74.1% under the MIA1000, MCP400, and MIA1000+MCP400 treatments, respectively, while the boll weight increased by 47.6%, 71.4%, and 95.2%, respectively, and the shedding rate decreased by 4.9%, 5.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. The significant improvements in boll weight and shedding rate compared to the control group demonstrate that this compound regulator has a significant yield-increasing effect on cotton under high-temperature stress.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] To verify the yield-increasing effect and stress-enhancing effect of the compound regulator of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (MIA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) on different cotton varieties under field cultivation conditions.

[0042] The field experiment used three cotton varieties—Zhongmian 425 (moderately heat-resistant), Zhongmian Institute 69 (heat-resistant), and Zhongmian Institute 92 (heat-sensitive)—as experimental materials, and was conducted from May to October 2022 to 2023 at the Dafeng Rice and Wheat Seed Farm in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province (120°28′E, 33°12′N). A split-plot experimental design was adopted, with the varieties as the main plot and the plant growth regulator application as the subplot. The cotton planting density was 120,000 plants / hectare (i.e., 12 cotton plants per square meter). Four heat-resistant plant growth regulator treatments were set up for each variety, including a water control (CK), MIA (1000 nmol / L), MCP (400 μmol / L), and a combination of MIA1000 and MCP400, with each treatment replicated four times. Each regulator was sprayed at the flowering and boll-forming stage of cotton, at a rate of 15 L / mu. Seed cotton yield and boll shedding rate were measured at cotton harvest.

[0043] The experimental results are shown in Tables 2 and 3:

[0044] Table 2 Effects of high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulators on cotton seed yield (kg / hm²) 2 The impact of

[0045]

[0046] Note: △ in Table 2 represents the percentage increase compared to the control CK; the data in the table is the average of data from 2022 and 2023, and the yield is the actual harvest yield of the plot.

[0047] Table 3. Effects of high-temperature yield-increasing regulators on cotton boll shedding rate (%)

[0048]

[0049] Note: △ in Table 3 represents the value reduced compared to the control (CK); the data in the table is the average of data from 2022 and 2023, and the shedding rate is calculated based on the actual shedding rate of the community.

[0050] Data processing and analysis showed that, compared with the water control group, the treatment group applying the compound regulator of MIA 1000 nmol / L + MCP 400 μmol / L increased the average yield of seed cotton by about 15.4% and reduced the average shedding rate by about 11.1%. The yield-increasing effect of the compound regulator was most significant in the Zhongmian 92 (a heat-sensitive variety). Therefore, heat-resistant yield-increasing regulators have a yield-increasing effect under field cultivation conditions.

[0051] Statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that the high-temperature yield-increasing regulator significantly improved the high-temperature tolerance of cotton in seedling trials, greenhouse cultivation, and field cultivation conditions. It also significantly increased boll weight and reduced shedding rate, thereby significantly increasing seed cotton yield. These results confirm that the combination of MIA 1000 nmol / L and MCP 400 μmol / L can effectively alleviate the negative effects of high temperatures on cotton, significantly improving its high-temperature tolerance and seed cotton yield.

[0052] The various embodiments described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cotton high-temperature resistant yield-increasing regulator, characterized in that, Using water as a matrix, the active ingredients include 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid and 1-methylcyclopropene; wherein the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is 1000 nmol / L and the concentration of 1-methylcyclopropene is 400 nmol / L.

2. The cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes active spreading agents.

3. The cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration of the active spreading agent is 0.1-0.2 ml / L.

4. A cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The active spreading agent is one or more of Tween 20 and Tween 60.

5. The application of the cotton high-temperature resistance and yield-increasing regulator according to any one of claims 1-4 in cotton planting.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, Spray the entire field during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, Spraying time is 8:00-10:00 AM or 4:00-6:00 PM.

8. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, Spraying should be done in dry weather.

9. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The application rate is 15L / mu.

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