Ship comprehensive power system based on composite energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship power systems, and discloses a ship comprehensive power system based on composite energy storage, comprising an energy generation module which comprises a diesel generator, a gas turbine and a renewable energy sub-module and is used for generating electric energy; the energy storage management module comprises a lithium battery, a super capacitor and a flywheel energy storage system and is used for storing and releasing electric energy; the energy distribution and scheduling module is used for controlling energy distribution between the energy generation module and the energy storage management module; the load management module is used for adjusting the load power requirement according to the load priority; and the health management and fault monitoring module is used for monitoring the operation states of the energy storage management module and the system in real time. Through cooperative work of multiple energy storage units and combination with optimization control of the energy distribution and scheduling module, characteristics of different energy storage devices are fully exerted. Therefore, loss in the energy conversion process is remarkably reduced, distribution and utilization of electric energy are optimized, and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved by about 15%-20%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship power systems, and in particular to a ship integrated power system based on composite energy storage. Background Art

[0002] As the global shipping industry develops towards green and intelligent directions, integrated ship power systems have become an important trend in modern ship power systems. IPS achieves centralized distribution and efficient use of electric energy by integrating power generation equipment, energy storage units and load units into a unified power management platform. However, traditional integrated ship power systems still have many shortcomings in terms of energy efficiency, dynamic response capabilities, energy storage technology and environmental performance.

[0003] First, the energy utilization efficiency of traditional ship power systems is low, and they mainly rely on mechanical equipment such as diesel generators to provide basic energy. The operating efficiency of these devices drops significantly under conditions with large load fluctuations or high instantaneous power demand, resulting in excessive fuel consumption and serious energy waste. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of the load, such as the high power demand when the propulsion motor starts and the load fluctuations caused by changes in sea conditions, often exceed the dynamic response capabilities of traditional power generation equipment, causing system instability or even power supply interruption.

[0004] Secondly, the application of a single energy storage device has limitations when dealing with complex load requirements. Although lithium batteries have a high energy density, they tend to accelerate life decay when charged and discharged at high frequencies and high powers; although supercapacitors have a fast response speed, they have a low energy density and are difficult to independently support long-term load requirements. In addition, the lack of thermal management, fault protection, and health status monitoring technology of energy storage equipment under high dynamic conditions further limits its reliability and life in the shipbuilding field.

[0005] In addition, as the International Maritime Organization gradually improves the standards for ship pollutants and carbon emissions, traditional diesel engine power generation equipment is difficult to meet the environmental protection requirements of the modern ship industry due to high carbon emissions and pollutant emissions. Therefore, the use of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic and wind energy) combined with efficient energy storage technology has become an important direction to meet the low-carbon and green development needs of ships.

[0006] Finally, existing energy management strategies are mostly based on fixed rules and simple algorithms, which cannot dynamically adapt to the complex and changing load requirements during ship operation. These systems usually lack the ability to accurately predict future load requirements, and fail to fully combine the status of energy storage equipment for optimal scheduling, resulting in low system operation efficiency and exacerbating the performance degradation of energy storage equipment. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a ship integrated power system based on composite energy storage to solve the problems of low energy utilization efficiency, insufficient dynamic response capability, difficulty in coordination of multiple energy storage devices, limited life of energy storage equipment and substandard environmental protection performance in the existing ship integrated power system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A ship integrated power system based on composite energy storage, comprising: an energy generation module, including a diesel generator, a gas turbine, and a renewable energy submodule, for generating electrical energy; Energy storage management module, including lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage systems, used to store and release electrical energy; Energy distribution and scheduling module, used to control energy distribution between energy generation module and energy storage management module; A load management module for adjusting load power requirements according to load priorities; Health management and fault monitoring module, used to monitor the operating status of the energy storage management module and the system in real time, predict faults and optimize operating strategies; The DC bus and AC bus are used to connect the energy generation module, energy storage management module and load management module to realize the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

[0009] Preferably, the lithium battery of the energy storage management module is used to provide basic load power supply, the supercapacitor is used to quickly respond to short-term power fluctuations, and the flywheel energy storage is used to absorb instantaneous load surges and maintain bus voltage stability.

[0010] Preferably, the energy allocation and scheduling module includes: A load prediction unit, used to predict future load demand based on historical load data, environmental parameters and operating status; A power distribution control unit is used to dynamically distribute the output power of lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage based on the prediction results and the status of energy storage devices; The dispatching interface unit is used to coordinate the operation of the power generation unit and the energy storage unit.

[0011] Preferably, the load management module divides the load into the following categories according to the priority of the load: critical loads, including navigation equipment and emergency equipment; Propulsion loads, including ship propulsion motors; Auxiliary loads include communication equipment and ship lighting equipment; the load management module gives priority to ensuring the stable operation of key loads and propulsion loads when energy supply is insufficient.

[0012] Preferably, the health management and fault monitoring module includes: Health monitoring unit, used to monitor the state of charge and health of the lithium battery, balance the supercapacitor voltage in real time, and detect the vibration signal of the flywheel energy storage; A fault prediction unit is used to identify potential faults of energy storage equipment based on operation data analysis.

[0013] Preferably, the DC bus is connected to the energy storage management module and the energy generation module to provide a stable voltage; the AC bus is connected to the propulsion load to transmit high-power electrical energy.

[0014] Preferably, the energy distribution and scheduling module realizes dynamic power distribution based on model predictive control, and optimizes objectives including: minimizing power fluctuations of energy storage equipment, extending the life of energy storage equipment and reducing system power loss.

[0015] Preferably, the load prediction unit of the energy distribution and scheduling module adopts a load prediction algorithm based on deep learning, predicts future load demand by inputting historical load data, speed, route and environmental variables, and provides the load prediction results to the power distribution control unit.

[0016] Preferably, the energy storage management module realizes the coordinated operation of energy storage devices by dynamically adjusting the power output ratio between lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage, and is connected to the bus through the energy storage interface unit to optimize the power transmission efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the health management and fault monitoring module includes a thermal management and protection unit for monitoring the temperature of the energy storage device in real time and preventing thermal runaway of the device through cooling strategies and overheating protection mechanisms.

[0018] The present invention provides a ship integrated power system based on composite energy storage, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention makes full use of the characteristics of different energy storage devices through the coordinated work of multiple energy storage units and the optimized control of energy distribution and scheduling modules: lithium batteries provide high energy density support, supercapacitors provide high power density and fast response, and flywheel energy storage absorbs and releases transient power surges. This significantly reduces the loss in the energy conversion process, optimizes the distribution and utilization of electric energy, and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system by about 15% to 20%.

[0019] 2. The present invention utilizes the fast response characteristics of supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage modules, and can respond quickly to sudden load changes or transient surge power requirements, ensuring that bus voltage fluctuations remain within the range of ±5%. Compared with traditional single energy storage systems, the present invention greatly improves the system's adaptability to high dynamic load conditions and effectively ensures the stable operation of the ship's integrated power system.

[0020] 3. The present invention uses the dynamic power optimization algorithm of the energy distribution and scheduling module to smooth the power output of the lithium battery, avoid frequent charging and discharging under high power fluctuation conditions, and reduce the impact of cyclic stress and thermal stress on the life of the lithium battery. At the same time, the supercapacitor is protected by voltage equalization control, and the flywheel energy storage is protected by vibration monitoring, which effectively extends the service life of each energy storage device, and the life of the lithium battery is extended by about 30%.

[0021] 4. The present invention achieves accurate matching of load demand and energy storage unit output through accurate prediction of future short-term load demand by the load prediction unit, combined with the state of energy storage equipment and optimization allocation algorithm. Especially under complex working conditions, the system can dynamically adjust the power output ratio to ensure that load demand is reliably met and avoid energy waste or insufficient supply.

[0022] 5. The present invention uses the health management and fault monitoring module to monitor and analyze the operating status of energy storage equipment and the system in real time, and can predict potential fault risks in advance and take protective measures. For example, the health status monitoring of lithium batteries and the voltage-balanced control mechanism of supercapacitors can effectively avoid overcharging, overdischarging or thermal runaway problems of energy storage equipment, thereby significantly improving the safety and reliability of system operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the energy allocation and scheduling module in the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a load management module in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the health management and fault monitoring module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example: Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 An embodiment of the present invention provides a ship integrated power system based on composite energy storage, including an energy generation module (power generation unit), an energy storage management module (composite energy storage system), an energy distribution and scheduling module (energy management system), a load management module, and a health management and fault monitoring module.

[0026] The interaction logic between modules is as follows: Energy Generation Module: Dynamically adjust the power output of power generation units to prioritize base load demand.

[0027] When load demand fluctuates greatly, it works in conjunction with the energy storage management module.

[0028] Energy storage management module: According to the instructions of the energy distribution and scheduling module (energy management system), power output is distributed among different energy storage devices.

[0029] The energy storage interface unit is connected to the bus to stabilize the voltage.

[0030] Energy distribution and scheduling module: Receive demand forecasts from a load forecasting unit.

[0031] Optimize power distribution by combining the current state of energy storage equipment (state of charge, health status) and power generation unit output.

[0032] Load Management Module: Dynamically adjust load power demand based on the scheduling results of the energy management system.

[0033] In case of energy shortage, the operating priority of auxiliary loads is reduced.

[0034] Health management and fault monitoring module: Provide real-time feedback on the health status of energy storage equipment.

[0035] Through the fault prediction unit, adjustment suggestions are issued to the energy management system in advance to avoid system crash.

[0036] 1. Energy generation module, including diesel generator, gas turbine and renewable energy submodule, for generating electrical energy; Function: Responsible for the energy supply of the ship, including conventional energy and renewable energy, as the input of the energy storage system and the direct power supply source of the load.

[0037] Components: Diesel generators and gas turbines: main power generation equipment, providing basic energy.

[0038] Renewable Energy Submodule: Photovoltaic system: absorbs solar energy and converts it into direct current electricity.

[0039] Wind power generation system: Based on wind turbines, it provides clean energy for the integrated power system.

[0040] Control interface: connected to the energy management system to dynamically adjust the power output of the power generation equipment to match the load and energy storage requirements.

[0041] 2. Energy storage management module, including lithium battery, super capacitor and flywheel energy storage system, is used to store and release electric energy. The lithium battery of the energy storage management module is used to provide basic load power supply, the super capacitor is used to quickly respond to short-term power fluctuations, and the flywheel energy storage is used to absorb instantaneous load surges and maintain bus voltage stability. As the core of the integrated power system, it is responsible for the storage and output of electric energy and the coordinated work of different energy storage devices; the energy storage management module realizes the coordinated operation of energy storage devices by dynamically adjusting the power output ratio between lithium batteries, super capacitors and flywheel energy storage, and connects to the bus through the energy storage interface unit to optimize the efficiency of power transmission. Components: 1. Lithium battery submodule: Function: Provide basic load power supply and be responsible for long-term stable power supply.

[0042] Components: State of charge management unit.

[0043] Health status monitoring unit.

[0044] Interface: Communicates with the energy management system, feeds back the current status and receives power scheduling instructions.

[0045] 2.Supercapacitor submodule: Function: Quickly respond to load changes and smooth out power fluctuations in a short period of time.

[0046] Components: Dynamic voltage equalization circuit.

[0047] High efficiency DC / DC converter.

[0048] Interface: Collaborative control with the energy management system to quickly respond to sudden load increases.

[0049] 3. Flywheel energy storage submodule: Function: Absorb instantaneous high-power surges and maintain bus voltage stability.

[0050] Components: High speed flywheel motor / generator.

[0051] Dynamic balance monitoring unit.

[0052] Interface: Dynamically adjusts speed and power output with the energy management system.

[0053] 4. Energy storage interface unit: Function: Unify the connection between each energy storage sub-module and the DC bus to ensure power output consistency.

[0054] Components: Bidirectional DC / DC converter.

[0055] Dynamic bus voltage control module.

[0056] 3. Energy allocation and scheduling module, please refer to the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 , used to control the energy distribution between the energy generation module and the energy storage management module; Function: Realize dynamic distribution of energy among energy storage modules, power generation modules and loads, optimize system operation efficiency and ensure load demand.

[0057] Components: 1. Load prediction unit: Predict future load demand based on deep learning algorithms.

[0058] Input: historical load data, weather data, navigation parameters, etc.

[0059] Output: short-term load change trend.

[0060] The load forecasting unit uses a deep learning algorithm based on long short-term memory networks. The input includes historical load data, ship speed, route and environmental information, and predicts the load demand at future times through recursive learning. ; 2. Power distribution control unit: Function: Dynamically dispatch the power output of energy storage system.

[0061] method: Optimization algorithm based on model predictive control.

[0062] Dynamically adjust the output power ratio of lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage.

[0063] Optimization goal: Minimize power fluctuations of energy storage devices.

[0064] Reduce bus voltage fluctuations.

[0065] Extend the life of energy storage equipment.

[0066] The power distribution control unit is implemented by the following methods: Based on the model predictive control algorithm, a power optimization objective function is established. The optimization objectives include minimizing the power fluctuation of energy storage equipment, extending the service life of energy storage equipment and reducing system power loss. The specific optimization objectives are:

[0067] in: is the rate of change of the power output of the energy storage system; The charge state of the lithium battery at a future moment; is the target state of charge of the lithium battery; is the system power loss; is the weight coefficient of the optimization objective.

[0068] Use optimization results to determine the power output ratio of lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage , the power distribution of energy storage equipment is constrained by the following relationship: Power allocation coefficient obtained by optimization calculation ,satisfy:

[0069] The total output power of the energy storage system is:

[0070] is the power distribution coefficient of the lithium battery; is the power distribution coefficient of the supercapacitor; is the power distribution coefficient of flywheel energy storage.

[0071] 3. Dispatch interface unit: Used to realize the interface control between the energy storage management module and the energy generation module, the dispatch interface unit connects the DC bus and the energy storage unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter, and uses dynamic voltage control technology to maintain the bus voltage stability. The dispatch interface unit receives the output instructions of the power distribution control unit and distributes the power output to the lithium battery, supercapacitor and flywheel energy storage.

[0072] Bus voltage control The dynamic formula of bus voltage is:

[0073] in: The current provided to the energy generation module; The current provided to the energy storage module; is the load demand current; is the busbar equivalent capacitance.

[0074] The dispatch interface unit controls The output value of the bus is adjusted dynamically to ensure stable operation within a safe range.

[0075] The energy distribution and scheduling module can realize dynamic load regulation and power optimization distribution of the ship's integrated power system, which can smooth power output under load fluctuations, improve system energy utilization efficiency and extend the life of energy storage equipment.

[0076] 4. Load management module, please refer to the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 3 , used to adjust load power requirements according to load priority; The load management module divides the load into the following categories according to their priority: Priority should be given to ensuring the power supply needs of key loads, including navigation equipment and emergency equipment; Propulsion loads, including the ship's propulsion motors, provide power to the propulsion system; Auxiliary loads, including communication equipment and ship lighting equipment, can reduce or cut off their power supply when the energy supply is insufficient; the load management module gives priority to ensuring the stable operation of critical loads and propulsion loads when the energy supply is insufficient.

[0077] Function: Classify and dispatch according to load priority to ensure power supply to critical loads and optimize power distribution to non-critical loads.

[0078] Components: 1. Load classification unit: Ship loads are divided into three categories: Key loads, including navigation equipment and emergency equipment, should be given priority in ensuring their power supply needs.

[0079] Propulsion loads, including the vessel's propulsion motors, provide power to the propulsion system.

[0080] Auxiliary loads, which can reduce or cut off their power supply when the energy supply is insufficient, include communication equipment and lighting equipment.

[0081] 2. Load demand calculation unit: used to calculate the total load demand in real time , the calculation formula is:

[0082] in: , , are the power requirements of each category of loads; , , are the number of critical loads, propulsion loads and auxiliary loads, respectively.

[0083] Load priority allocation unit: adjusts the load power supply sequence according to load classification and current energy supply conditions, which is achieved through the following steps: Compare the current available power and total load demand ; when When , all loads are powered normally; when When , reduce the load demand according to the following rules: Ensure power supply needs of critical loads ; Reduce propulsion load power Non-essential parts of Stop auxiliary load .

[0084] Load Regulation Unit: It is used to dynamically adjust the load power distribution ratio when the power is insufficient. The specific adjustment process is as follows: Dynamic power limiting for propulsion loads:

[0085]

[0086] To promote the power allocation coefficient of the load, it is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time energy supply situation; A step-by-step reduction strategy is implemented for auxiliary loads to reduce or cut off the power demand of each auxiliary load in order of importance.

[0087] Load status monitoring unit: monitors the operating status of all loads in real time, feeds back load demand changes to the energy distribution and scheduling module, and receives scheduling results.

[0088] 5. Health Management and Fault Monitoring Module, please refer to the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 , which is used to monitor the operating status of the energy storage management module and the system in real time, predict faults and optimize operating strategies; the health management and fault monitoring module includes a thermal management and protection unit, which is used to monitor the temperature of the energy storage equipment in real time and prevent thermal runaway of the equipment through cooling strategies and overheating protection mechanisms.

[0089] Function: Real-time monitoring of the status of energy storage equipment, prediction of equipment failures and provision of protective measures to extend the service life of equipment.

[0090] Components: 1. Health Monitoring Unit: Lithium batteries: monitor state of charge and state of health.

[0091] Dynamically adjust the battery operating range to avoid overcharging or over-discharging.

[0092] Supercapacitor: Real-time voltage balancing to prevent voltage imbalance within the capacitor group.

[0093] Flywheel energy storage: monitor mechanical wear or imbalance through vibration signal analysis.

[0094] 2. Fault prediction unit: Analyze system operation data and detect potential failures based on support vector machines or deep learning algorithms.

[0095] In the event of system overload, overheating, etc., an early warning will be issued and the operating strategy will be automatically adjusted.

[0096] 3. Thermal management and protection unit: Monitor device temperature in real time and adjust cooling strategies to prevent thermal runaway.

[0097] 6. DC bus and AC bus are used to connect the energy generation module, energy storage management module and load management module to realize the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

[0098] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage is characterized by: include: an energy generation module, including a diesel generator, a gas turbine, and a renewable energy submodule, for generating electrical energy; Energy storage management module, including lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage systems, used to store and release electrical energy; Energy distribution and scheduling module, used to control energy distribution between energy generation module and energy storage management module; A load management module for adjusting load power requirements according to load priorities; Health management and fault monitoring module, used to monitor the operating status of the energy storage management module and the system in real time, predict faults and optimize operating strategies; The DC bus and AC bus are used to connect the energy generation module, energy storage management module and load management module to realize the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

2. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lithium battery of the energy storage management module is used to provide basic load power supply, the supercapacitor is used to quickly respond to short-term power fluctuations, and the flywheel energy storage is used to absorb instantaneous load surges and maintain bus voltage stability.

3. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy allocation and scheduling module includes: A load prediction unit, used to predict future load demand based on historical load data, environmental parameters and operating status; A power distribution control unit is used to dynamically distribute the output power of lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage based on the prediction results and the status of energy storage devices; The dispatching interface unit is used to coordinate the operation of the power generation unit and the energy storage unit.

4. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load management module divides the load into the following categories according to the load priority: critical loads, including navigation equipment and emergency equipment; Propulsion loads, including ship propulsion motors; Auxiliary loads include communication equipment and ship lighting equipment; the load management module gives priority to ensuring the stable operation of key loads and propulsion loads when energy supply is insufficient.

5. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The health management and fault monitoring module includes: Health monitoring unit, used to monitor the state of charge and health of the lithium battery, balance the supercapacitor voltage in real time, and detect the vibration signal of the flywheel energy storage; A fault prediction unit is used to identify potential faults of energy storage equipment based on operation data analysis.

6. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The DC bus is connected to the energy storage management module and the energy generation module to provide a stable voltage; the AC bus is connected to the propulsion load to transmit high-power electrical energy.

7. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy distribution and scheduling module implements dynamic power distribution based on model predictive control, and optimizes objectives including: minimizing power fluctuations of energy storage devices, extending the life of energy storage devices, and reducing system power losses.

8. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load prediction unit of the energy distribution and scheduling module adopts a load prediction algorithm based on deep learning, predicts future load demand by inputting historical load data, speed, route and environmental variables, and provides the load prediction results to the power distribution control unit.

9. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage management module realizes the coordinated operation of energy storage devices by dynamically adjusting the power output ratio between lithium batteries, supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage, and is connected to the busbar through the energy storage interface unit to optimize the power transmission efficiency.

10. The integrated ship power system based on composite energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The health management and fault monitoring module includes a thermal management and protection unit, which is used to monitor the temperature of the energy storage device in real time and prevent thermal runaway of the device through cooling strategies and overheating protection mechanisms.

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