Method and system for measuring fusion energy and power

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fusion energy, in particular to a method and a system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power and a measuring system.The measuring system comprises a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum pump set, a gas cylinder, an analysis bottle and a pressure gauge, and the gas inlet end of the vacuum pump set is communicated with a fusion device through the vacuum pipeline; the gas cylinder is communicated with the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump set through the vacuum pipeline, the analysis bottle is communicated with the gas cylinder, and the pressure measuring end of the pressure meter is communicated with the interior of the gas cylinder; the gas generated by the fusion device is extracted and collected, helium in the gas is separated through an analysis bottle by adopting a chemical reaction method or a cooling method, the proportion of the helium in the gas is determined, and finally the fusion energy and the fusion power of the fusion device are calculated by combining the pressure, the temperature and the gas composition proportion of the gas bottle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fusion energy, and particularly to a method and system for measuring fusion energy and power. Background Art

[0002] As a potential clean and efficient new energy source, fusion energy has attracted much attention in its research and development. The accurate measurement of the energy and power released during the fusion reaction is one of the key links in realizing the utilization of fusion energy. Existing measurement techniques mainly rely on neutron flux measurement systems, which infer the energy output by detecting the neutron flux generated by the fusion reaction. However, this method has certain limitations, including the inability to capture all neutrons and the dependence on complex calibration processes.

[0003] To ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, existing technologies usually require in-situ calibration using a radiation source and periodic calibration to determine the ratio of the actual measured number of neutrons to the number of neutrons generated by the fusion device. These steps increase the complexity and operating cost of the measurement system, and at the same time have high requirements for the operating environment.

[0004] In addition, existing measurement methods have low flexibility in dealing with different types of fusion reactions and are difficult to meet the diverse needs under various experimental conditions. Therefore, in the field of fusion energy research, there is an urgent need for a new measurement system and method that can break through the limitations of traditional technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing fusion energy and fusion power measurement technologies rely on neutron flux measurement systems, resulting in limited measurement accuracy, dependence on complex in-situ calibration, high operating costs, and insufficient application scope. The purpose is to provide a method and system for measuring fusion energy and power, which can accurately measure the fusion energy and fusion power of a fusion device without relying on in-situ calibration, and has higher measurement accuracy, lower operating costs, and wider applicability.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power, comprising: a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum pump group, a gas cylinder, an analysis bottle, a pressure gauge, and an algorithm module. The intake end of the vacuum pump group is connected to a fusion device through the vacuum pipeline, the gas cylinder is connected to the outlet end of the vacuum pump group through the vacuum pipeline, the analysis bottle is connected to the gas cylinder, the pressure measuring end of the pressure gauge is connected to the inside of the gas cylinder, and the vacuum pump group, the analysis bottle, and the pressure gauge are all electrically connected to the algorithm module.

[0008] The vacuum pipeline is used to export the gas generated by the fusion device;

[0009] The vacuum pump group is used to extract the gas inside the fusion device;

[0010] The gas cylinder is used to collect the gas extracted by the vacuum pump group;

[0011] The analysis bottle is used to sample and analyze the collected gas to obtain the proportion of helium in the gas;

[0012] The pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure of the gas collected in the gas cylinder.

[0013] Optionally, the vacuum pump group includes one or more of the following: cryopump, molecular pump, mechanical pump.

[0014] Optionally, the analysis bottle separates the fusion products from other gases by chemical reaction method to obtain the proportion of fusion products in the gas.

[0015] Optionally, the analysis bottle separates the fusion products from other gases by cooling method to obtain the proportion of fusion products in the gas.

[0016] Optionally, the surface of the vacuum pipeline is coated with a low-permeability material.

[0017] A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power, based on a system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power as described above, the measurement method includes:

[0018] Collect the gas generated by the fusion device and obtain the proportion of helium in the gas;

[0019] Obtain the pressure and temperature of the gas, and calculate the total number of moles of the gas in combination with the gas constant;

[0020] Calculate the number of moles of helium n according to the proportion of helium and the total number of moles of the gas;

[0021] The formula for calculating the fusion energy W of the fusion device is: W = n × Na × Q, where Na is Avogadro's constant and Q is the energy released by the fusion reaction to produce one helium atom;

[0022] The formula for calculating the fusion power P is: P = W / t, where t is the operating time of the fusion device.

[0023] Specifically, use the vacuum pipeline and the vacuum pump group to export and collect the gas generated by the fusion device into the gas cylinder;

[0024] Sample and analyze the gas in the gas cylinder through the analysis bottle to obtain the proportion of helium in the gas;

[0025] Use the pressure gauge to measure the pressure of the gas in the gas cylinder and record the temperature of the gas;

[0026] Based on the pressure and temperature parameters inside the gas cylinder, combined with the gas constant, the total number of moles of the gas inside the gas cylinder is calculated through an algorithm module;

[0027] According to the analysis results of the analysis bottle, the number of moles of helium n is calculated through the algorithm module;

[0028] The fusion energy W and fusion power P of the fusion device are calculated through the algorithm module:

[0029] The algorithm module outputs the measurement results of the fusion energy W and fusion power P.

[0030] Specifically, the formula for calculating the fusion energy W of the fusion device in the algorithm module is: W = n × Na × Q, where Na is Avogadro's constant and Q is the energy released by the fusion reaction to produce one helium atom;

[0031] The formula for calculating the fusion power P in the algorithm module is: P = W / t, where t is the operating time of the fusion device.

[0032] Optionally, the proportion of helium in the gas is obtained by a chemical reaction method, and the method includes:

[0033] Introduce the gas sampled from the gas cylinder into the analysis bottle;

[0034] Remove the remaining gases other than helium and determine the content of helium in the gas;

[0035] Calculate the proportion of helium according to the detection results.

[0036] Optionally, the proportion of helium in the gas is obtained by a cooling method, and the method includes:

[0037] Introduce the gas sampled from the gas cylinder into the cooling device;

[0038] Gradually lower the temperature of the gas through the cooling device so that different components are separated in turn according to the difference in their liquefaction temperatures;

[0039] Use a gas separation unit to collect the liquefied helium and detect its volume or mass;

[0040] Determine the proportion of fusion products in the gas according to the separated helium.

[0041] Specifically, the measurement method is applicable to deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction, deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, tritium-tritium fusion reaction, tritium-tritium fusion reaction, deuterium-helium-3 fusion reaction and hydrogen-boron fusion reaction.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0043] The present invention includes a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum pump group, a gas cylinder, an analysis bottle, and a pressure gauge. The fusion device is connected to the vacuum pump group through the vacuum pipeline for discharging gas; the gas cylinder is used to collect the gas extracted by the vacuum pump group; the analysis bottle is used to sample and analyze the proportion of fusion products in the gas; the pressure gauge is used to measure the gas pressure in the gas cylinder; the calculation module calculates the number of moles of helium based on the gas pressure, temperature, and analysis results, and further calculates the fusion energy and fusion power.

[0044] By providing a vacuum pipeline and a vacuum pump group, the present invention can efficiently extract and collect the gas generated by the fusion device, thereby ensuring the integrity of the gas sample. The analysis bottle uses a chemical reaction method or a cooling method to separate helium in the gas and determine the proportion of helium in the gas, thereby improving the accuracy of the mole number calculation. Finally, by combining the gas cylinder pressure, temperature, and gas composition ratio, the fusion energy and fusion power of the fusion device are calculated, without relying on a complex in-situ calibration process, thus simplifying the operation steps and reducing the measurement cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, are used to explain the principles of the present invention. These drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the drawings are included in this specification and form a part of this specification, and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion energy and fusion power measurement system for a fusion device according to the present invention.

[0047] Reference numerals: 00 - fusion device, 01 - vacuum pipeline, 02 - vacuum pump group, 03 - gas cylinder, 04 - analysis bottle, 05 - pressure gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant content and do not limit the present invention.

[0049] In addition, it should be noted that for the sake of convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

[0050] Without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0051] The common fusion reactions in fusion devices are as follows. Among them, the deuterium-deuterium reaction has two branches with similar reaction cross-sections. Therefore, the fusion energy and fusion power generated by the fusion reaction can be measured by measuring the amount of helium-3. For other reactions, helium-4 is produced, so the fusion power and the fusion energy generated by the fusion can be measured by measuring the amount of helium-4.

[0052]

[0053] D+D→p+T+4.04MeV

[0054]

[0055] For the above reasons, the present invention provides a method and a system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] As Figure 1 shown, the purpose of this embodiment is to measure the fusion energy and fusion power of a fusion device. Therefore, a variety of hardware components work together to achieve the accurate determination of fusion energy and power by extracting, collecting, analyzing, and calculating the gas generated by the fusion reaction.

[0058] A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power includes: a vacuum pipeline 01, a vacuum pump group 02, a gas cylinder 03, an analysis bottle 04, a pressure gauge 05, and an algorithm module. The intake end of the vacuum pump group 02 is connected to the fusion device 00 through the vacuum pipeline 01. The gas cylinder 03 is connected to the outlet end of the vacuum pump group 02 through the vacuum pipeline 01. The analysis bottle 04 is connected to the gas cylinder 03. The pressure measuring end of the pressure gauge 05 is connected to the inside of the gas cylinder 03. The vacuum pump group 02, the analysis bottle 04, and the pressure gauge 05 are all electrically connected to the algorithm module.

[0059] When the fusion device 00 operates, a certain amount of gas is generated. The vacuum pipeline 01 is used to export the gas generated by the fusion device 00. The vacuum pipeline 01 serves to connect the fusion device 00 and the vacuum pump group 02, while ensuring the tightness and integrity of the gas transmission process.

[0060] The vacuum pump group 02 is used to pump out the gas inside the fusion device 00. According to the design requirements, the vacuum pump group 02 can include a cryopump, a molecular pump, or a mechanical pump to meet different pumping requirements and vacuum degree requirements.

[0061] The gas cylinder 03 is used to collect the gas pumped out by the vacuum pump group 02;

[0062] The analysis bottle 04 is used to sample and analyze the collected gas to obtain the proportion of helium in the gas (such as the content of helium or other specific products).

[0063] The manometer 05 is used to measure the pressure of the gas collected in the gas cylinder 03. The pressure of the gas is one of the important parameters for calculating the number of moles of the gas.

[0064] The core function of the algorithm module is to process and calculate the data obtained from components such as the manometer and the analysis bottle to determine the fusion energy and fusion power of the fusion device. This module includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and a calculation logic unit.

[0065] The data acquisition unit is connected to the manometer, the analysis bottle, and other relevant sensors, and receives in real time the gas pressure, temperature in the gas cylinder, and the helium ratio information provided by the analysis bottle through the communication interface. The data processing unit uses preset algorithms and physical models to preliminarily process the collected data, and then the calculation logic unit performs key calculations based on the data output by the data processing unit. The calculation contents include the total number of moles, the number of moles of helium, fusion energy, and fusion power.

[0066] Example Two

[0067] For Example One, this example provides some optional choices.

[0068] The vacuum pump group 02 includes one or more of the following: cryopump, molecular pump, mechanical pump.

[0069] The cryopump condenses the gas through refrigeration technology and is suitable for the pumping requirements under high vacuum conditions; the molecular pump uses high-speed rotating blades to achieve pumping at the molecular level and is suitable for handling small molecule gases; the mechanical pump extracts the gas through mechanical compression and is the main choice in environments with relatively low vacuum degrees. Through flexible combination, a suitable vacuum pump can be selected according to experimental needs to optimize the pumping efficiency and vacuum performance.

[0070] The analysis bottle 04 separates helium from other gases through a chemical reaction method to obtain the ratio of helium in the gas. This method is suitable for the treatment of complex gas mixtures, with high separation efficiency and good selectivity.

[0071] The analysis bottle 04 separates helium from other gases through a cooling method to obtain the ratio of helium in the gas. Use a cooling device to gradually lower the gas temperature, so that different gas components are separated in turn according to their respective liquefaction temperatures; collect the liquefied helium and detect its volume or mass. This method does not require chemical reagents and is suitable for environments with relatively simple gas components, especially gas separation scenarios with obvious temperature differences.

[0072] The surface of the vacuum pipeline 01 is coated with a low-permeability material. This coating has corrosion resistance and high durability, can effectively cope with long-term operation under high vacuum conditions, and can reduce gas leakage and improve the sealing performance of the pipeline.

[0073] Example Three

[0074] A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power, based on a system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power as described above, the measurement method comprising:

[0075] Using a vacuum pipeline 01 and a vacuum pump group 02 to export and collect the gas generated by the fusion device 00 into a gas cylinder 03;

[0076] Sampling and analyzing the gas in the gas cylinder 03 through an analysis bottle 04, separating helium in the gas by a chemical reaction method or a cooling method, and obtaining the proportion of helium in the gas;

[0077] Using a pressure gauge 05 to measure the pressure of the gas in the gas cylinder 03 and recording the temperature of the gas;

[0078] Based on the pressure and temperature parameters in the gas cylinder 03, combined with the gas constant (ideal gas state equation), calculating the total number of moles of the gas in the gas cylinder 03 through an algorithm module;

[0079] According to the analysis result of the analysis bottle 04, calculating the number of moles of helium n through an algorithm module;

[0080] Calculating the fusion energy W and fusion power P of the fusion device 00 through an algorithm module; the formula for calculating the fusion energy W of the fusion device 00 is: W = n × Na × Q, where Na is Avogadro's constant and Q is the energy released by the fusion reaction to produce one helium atom; the formula for calculating the fusion power P is: P = W / t, where t is the operation time of the fusion device 00.

[0081] The algorithm module outputs the measurement results of the fusion energy W and fusion power P.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] This example provides two methods for obtaining the proportion of helium in the gas.

[0084] (1) Obtaining the proportion of helium in the gas by a chemical reaction method, the method comprising:

[0085] Extracting a part of the gas sample from the gas cylinder 03 and introducing it into the analysis bottle 04 to ensure that the sample is representative and the gas volume is sufficient to complete the subsequent reaction analysis.

[0086] Removing other gases except helium in the analysis bottle 04, leaving only helium, and calculating the proportion of the target helium in the gas sample according to the detection result, combined with the total volume or total mass of the gas sample.

[0087] (2) Obtaining the proportion of helium in the gas by a cooling method, the method comprising:

[0088] Extracting a part of the gas sample from the gas cylinder 03 and introducing it into a cooling device to ensure that the gas sample can represent the overall composition in the gas cylinder 03.

[0089] Gradually lower the temperature of the gas through a cooling device, so that different components are separated in sequence according to the differences in their liquefaction temperatures (usually determined by the physical properties of the gas); for example, for helium, its liquefaction temperature is relatively low (about 4.2K), and it can be separated from other components by gradually lowering the temperature.

[0090] Use a gas separation unit (such as a cryogenic collector or a condensation device) to collect the liquefied helium and detect its volume or mass. Common methods include weighing or volumetric measurement equipment.

[0091] Compare the detected data with the total volume or total mass of the gas sample to obtain the proportion of helium in the sample.

[0092] Example Five

[0093] The measurement method provided by the present invention is applicable to different types of fusion reactions, including deuterium-deuterium fusion reactions, deuterium-tritium fusion reactions, tritium-tritium fusion reactions, deuterium-helium-3 fusion reactions, and hydrogen-boron fusion reactions. By accurately measuring the proportion of helium in the gas and combining with the energy calculation formula, accurate evaluation of the fusion energy and fusion power during these reaction processes can be achieved.

[0094] In the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction, the main products are helium-3, neutrons, deuterium, and tritium. This method processes the gas sample through the vacuum pump group 02 and the analysis bottle 04, can effectively separate and analyze the content of helium-3, and calculates the fusion energy and power by calculating its molar number and combining with the energy formula.

[0095] In the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, the main products are helium and neutrons. This method targets helium-4 in the gas products, uses chemical reaction methods or cooling methods to separate and measure its content, and calculates the fusion energy and power by calculating its molar number and combining with the energy formula.

[0096] In the tritium-tritium fusion reaction, the main products are helium-4 and neutrons. This method targets helium-4 in the gas products, uses chemical reaction methods or cooling methods to separate and measure its content, and calculates the fusion energy and power by calculating its molar number and combining with the energy formula.

[0097] In the hydrogen-boron fusion reaction, the main product is helium-4. This method targets helium-4 in the products, uses chemical reaction methods or cooling methods to separate and measure its content, and calculates the fusion energy and power by calculating its molar number and combining with the energy formula.

[0098] By specifically treating the characteristics of different fusion reaction products (such as chemical properties, liquefaction temperature, etc.), this method is applicable to deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction, deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, tritium-tritium fusion reaction, deuterium-helium-3 fusion reaction, and hydrogen-boron fusion reaction. By means of chemical reaction method or cooling method to separate helium gas, and combined with the energy calculation formula, it can efficiently and accurately measure the fusion energy and fusion power of these fusion reactions, providing a general measurement scheme for diverse fusion experiments.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment / way", "some embodiments / ways", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment / way or example are included in at least one embodiment / way or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / way or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments / ways or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments / ways or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments / ways or examples.

[0100] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0101] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only for clearly explaining the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other changes or modifications can be made based on the above invention, and these changes or modifications are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power, characterized in that: include: A vacuum pipeline (01), a vacuum pump group (02), a gas cylinder (03), an analysis bottle (04), a pressure gauge (05) and an algorithm module, wherein the air inlet end of the vacuum pump group (02) is connected to the fusion device (00) through the vacuum pipeline (01), the gas cylinder (03) is connected to the air outlet end of the vacuum pump group (02) through the vacuum pipeline (01), the analysis bottle (04) is connected to the gas cylinder (03), the pressure measuring end of the pressure gauge (05) is connected to the inside of the gas cylinder (03), and the vacuum pump group (02), the analysis bottle (04) and the pressure gauge (05) are all electrically connected to the algorithm module; The vacuum pipe (01) is used to guide the gas generated by the fusion device (00); The vacuum pump group (02) is used to extract the gas in the fusion device (00); The gas cylinder (03) is used to collect the gas extracted by the vacuum pump group (02); The analysis bottle (04) is used to sample and analyze the collected gas to obtain the proportion of helium in the gas; The pressure gauge (05) is used to measure the pressure of the gas collected in the gas cylinder (03).

2. A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum pump group (02) includes one or more of the following: a cryogenic pump, a molecular pump, and a mechanical pump.

3. A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis bottle (04) separates the fusion product from other gases by a chemical reaction method to obtain the proportion of the fusion product in the gas.

4. A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis bottle (04) separates the fusion product from other gases by cooling, thereby obtaining the proportion of the fusion product in the gas.

5. A system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the vacuum pipe (01) is coated with a low-permeability material.

6. A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power, characterized in that: Based on a system for measuring fusion energy and fusion power as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the measurement method comprises: Collect the gas produced by the fusion device and obtain the proportion of helium in the gas; Obtain the gas pressure and gas temperature, and calculate the total number of moles of the gas in combination with the gas constant; Calculate the number of moles of helium n based on the proportion of helium and the total number of moles of gas; The formula for calculating the fusion energy W of a fusion device is: W = n × Na × Q, where Na is the Avogadro constant and Q is the energy released by the fusion reaction to produce a helium atom; The formula for calculating fusion power P is: P=W / t, where t is the operating time of the fusion device.

7. A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 6, characterized in that: Using a vacuum pipe (01) and a vacuum pump group (02), the gas generated by the fusion device (00) is discharged and collected into a gas cylinder (03); The gas in the gas cylinder (03) is sampled and analyzed by an analysis bottle (04) to obtain the proportion of helium in the gas; Using a pressure gauge (05) to measure the pressure of the gas in the gas cylinder (03), and record the temperature of the gas; Based on the pressure and temperature parameters in the gas cylinder (03), combined with the gas constant, the total number of moles of gas in the gas cylinder (03) is calculated through an algorithm module; According to the analysis result of the analysis bottle (04), the number of moles of helium n is calculated by an algorithm module; Calculate the fusion energy W and fusion power P of the fusion device through the algorithm module; The algorithm module outputs the measurement results of fusion energy W and fusion power P; The formula for calculating the fusion energy W of the fusion device in the algorithm module is: W = n × Na × Q, where Na is the Avogadro constant and Q is the energy released by the fusion reaction to produce a helium atom; The formula for calculating the fusion power P in the algorithm module is: P=W / t, where t is the operating time of the fusion device (00).

8. A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 7, characterized in that: The proportion of helium in the gas is obtained by chemical reaction method, including: Introducing the gas sampled from the gas cylinder (03) into the analysis bottle (04); removing the remaining gases except helium and determining the helium content in the gas; The proportion of helium is calculated based on the detection results.

9. A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of fusion products in the gas is obtained by cooling, the method comprising: Introducing the gas sampled from the gas cylinder (03) into the cooling device; The temperature of the gas is gradually lowered by a cooling device, so that different components can be separated in sequence according to their liquefaction temperatures; Collect liquefied helium using a gas separation unit and detect its volume or mass; Based on the amount of helium separated, the proportion of helium in the gas is determined.

10. A method for measuring fusion energy and fusion power according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measuring method is suitable for deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction, deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, tritium-tritium fusion reaction, deuterium-helium-3 fusion reaction and hydrogen-boron fusion reaction.

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