High-strength aluminum casting for high-load mechanical arm and casting process of high-strength aluminum casting

Abstract

The high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load mechanical arm is composed of 75-90 wt% of an aluminum alloy matrix and 10-25 wt% of a porous ceramic framework, and a coating of a micro-nano composite structure is arranged on the surface of the casting. Wherein the aluminum alloy matrix is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.95 to 1.25 weight percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.52 weight percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.4 weight percent of Cu, 0.3 to 0.44 weight percent of Zn, 0.08 to 0.41 weight percent of Cr, 0.25 to 0.45 weight percent of Y and the balance of Al; the porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1: (0.6-1.0), and the ceramic skeleton has gradient pore diameters; and the coating is prepared from a Fe < 60-70 > Al < 10-20 > Nb < 10-15 > Ce < 5-10 > amorphous alloy and cerium oxide with a nano rod-shaped structure. The casting has the characteristic of hard inside and tough outside due to the framework with the gradient aperture, and the surface coating has super-hydrophobicity and self-cleaning property, so that the comprehensive performance of the casting can be improved, and the mechanical arm can adapt to different application scenes and working environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alloys, and particularly to a high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm. Background Art

[0002] Robots have a very wide range of applications in the field of industrial manufacturing. With the rapid development and application of robot technology, the robotic arm, as the core component of industrial robots, has attracted much attention. The design of the robotic arm involves various aspects such as product structure design, material selection, and process manufacturing, and multiple factors such as product performance, weight, processing technology, and cost need to be comprehensively considered. The material selection of the robotic arm must first meet the requirement of lightweight to reduce the inertia of the robotic arm, improve the response speed and operation flexibility; in terms of mechanical properties, it should have high strength and high stiffness, and have good fatigue resistance, be able to withstand the forces and torques during the working process, and ensure the stability and reliability of the structure; the material is also required to have good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and cold resistance, etc.

[0003] Aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, alloy steels, and high-quality heat-treated steels, etc. are all raw materials for manufacturing robotic arms. Among them, the robotic arm made of cast aluminum alloy material is the preferred material for current robotic arms due to its advantages such as light weight, high specific strength, high plasticity, and good processing performance. However, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys are usually poor, which greatly restricts their application in the field of robotic arms. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop new aluminum alloy materials to make them have good stability while having high strength, and minimize the weight to enable the robotic arm to adapt to different application scenarios and working environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical Problem to be Solved: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which has excellent comprehensive performance and can adapt to the high-load work of the robotic arm.

[0005] Technical Solution: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 75 - 90 wt% of an aluminum alloy matrix and 10 - 25 wt% of a porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 0.95 - 1.25 wt%, Si: 0.3 - 0.52 wt%, Cu: 0.15 - 0.4 wt%, Zn: 0.3 - 0.44 wt%, Cr: 0.08 - 0.41 wt%, Y: 0.25 - 0.45 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.6 - 1.0; The coating is composed of Fe 60-70 Al 10-20 Nb 10-15 Ce 5-10 an amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:3 to 7, and the coating thickness is 5 to 20 μm.

[0006] Preferably, the casting process of the high-load robotic arm made of high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath and stir until the reaction is complete, dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel, calcine at a high temperature and keep warm, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a porous silicon carbide skeleton; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the porous silicon carbide flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a porous silicon carbide skeleton-silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the porous silicon carbide skeleton-silica precursor gel complex, calcine at a high temperature and keep warm, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic skeleton; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton and fix it in a mold, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, cold spray the amorphous alloy powder onto the surface of the bar to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.5 to 1.2, and the temperature of the water bath heating is 50 to 70 °C.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the freeze-drying is -100 to -90 °C, the calcination temperature is 1200 to 1400 °C, the heat preservation time is 1 to 2 h, and the pore diameter of the porous silicon carbide skeleton is 5 to 15 μm.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the temperature of the water bath heating is 60 to 80 °C.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature of the freeze-drying in step S4 is -60 to -40 °C, the calcination temperature is 800 to 1000 °C, the heat preservation time is 1 to 2 h, and the pore diameter of the silica porous skeleton is 10 to 30 μm.

[0011] Preferably, the preheating temperature of the composite porous ceramic skeleton in step S5 is 600 to 650 °C, and the pressing pressure is 40 to 60 MPa.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder in step S6 is 2 to 5 μm.

[0013] Preferably, the heat treatment temperature in step S7 is 400 to 500 °C, the heat treatment time is 1 to 2 h, and oxygen is introduced during the heat treatment process. Beneficial effects:

[0014] For the high-strength aluminum casting for high-load robotic arms of the present invention, a silicon carbide-titanium dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton with a gradient pore size is used as the reinforcement of the aluminum alloy matrix. The metal-ceramic composite material combines the advantages of metals and ceramics, integrating the strength, toughness, and bending resistance of metals and the heat resistance and wear resistance of ceramics, enabling the casting to have excellent comprehensive properties and be used for high-load robotic arms.

[0015] Ceramics are commonly used reinforcements for metal matrix composites. According to their dimensions, they can be divided into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional. Among them, three-dimensional porous ceramic materials, due to their high specific surface area and low elastic modulus, can be continuously distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix, causing a structure interlocking effect. Moreover, the three-dimensional continuous network structure can hinder the coarsening and growth of alloy grains, improve the macroscopic segregation phenomenon during the preparation of the alloy, and significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. In addition, the three-dimensional porous ceramic material prepared by the sol-gel method has a flexible nanostructure, not only having the high strength and high hardness of the ceramic material itself, but also having high toughness and high plasticity due to grain refinement and other reasons, which can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of the material.

[0016] Silicon carbide has high hardness, and silica has good thermal stability and corrosion resistance. The two are compounded and added as the reinforcement phase of the aluminum casting. The internal silicon carbide has a small pore diameter, which can increase the proportion of the ceramic reinforcement phase and improve the strength and hardness of the casting as a skeleton support. The external silica has a large pore diameter, which can increase the proportion of the aluminum alloy matrix. Compared with silicon carbide, silica has a slightly lower hardness. While improving the stability and corrosion resistance of the casting, it forms a hardness gradient that gradually decreases from the inside to the outside, enabling the casting to have the characteristics of being hard inside and tough outside, improving the impact resistance and fatigue resistance of the casting, ensuring the operation stability of the casting, and extending the service life of the robotic arm.

[0017] Iron-based amorphous alloys have an amorphous structure with short-range order and long-range disorder, and do not have crystal defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries. Therefore, they have high strength and hardness as well as excellent wear and corrosion resistance. As a coating, they can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of castings. Using cold spraying technology can ensure that the alloy still maintains the stability of its composition and microstructure during spraying. Heat treatment on the surface of micron-sized particles as a coating can oxidize cerium elements into nanoscale rod-shaped cerium oxide, forming a coating with a micro-nano composite structure on the surface of the casting, which can further improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the casting, and can also endow the casting with excellent superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties, making the scope of application of the robotic arm wider.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects: The present invention uses porous ceramics with a nanostructure as the reinforcement for aluminum castings, which have high strength, high hardness and high toughness, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the castings.

[0019] The present invention prepares a gradient pore size on the silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic skeleton. The hardness difference between silicon carbide and silica and the gradient pore size of the skeleton endow the casting with the characteristics of hard inside and tough outside.

[0020] The present invention prepares an amorphous alloy-cerium oxide micro-nano composite structure coating on the surface of the casting, which effectively improves the mechanical properties of the casting and endows the casting with superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. Specific embodiments To further understand the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with examples.

[0022] The specific preferred examples are as follows: Example 1:

[0023] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 90 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 10 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 0.96 wt%, Si: 0.52 wt%, Cu: 0.21 wt%, Zn: 0.35 wt%, Cr: 0.11 wt%, Y: 0.37 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:1; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose being 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic framework and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic framework, and the pore size of the silica porous framework is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the aluminum alloy matrix composition. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 2:

[0024] A high-load robotic arm high-strength aluminum casting is composed of 85 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 15 wt% porous ceramic framework, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.25 wt%, Si: 0.33 wt%, Cu: 0.32 wt%, Zn: 0.41 wt%, Cr: 0.19 wt%, Y: 0.44 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:1; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm with high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8, add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at high temperature and hold for heat preservation, the calcination temperature is 1300 °C, the heat preservation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at high temperature and hold for heat preservation, the calcination temperature is 900 °C, the heat preservation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silica porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then put it into the mold for fixing, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar, the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm, and an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface is obtained; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 3:

[0025] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.13 wt%, Si: 0.43 wt%, Cu: 0.22 wt%, Zn: 0.31 wt%, Cr: 0.09 wt%, Y: 0.28 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:1; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton-silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton-silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C, then place it in a mold and fix it. Pour the alloy melt into the mold and apply a pressure of 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold. After holding the pressure, cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray an amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface. S7. Heat - treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat - treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat - treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod - shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high - strength aluminum casting. Example 4:

[0026] A high - strength aluminum casting for a high - load robotic arm is composed of 75 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 25 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and there is a coating with a micro - nano composite structure on the surface of the casting; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.08 wt%, Si: 0.43 wt%, Cu: 0.21 wt%, Zn: 0.38 wt%, Cr: 0.39 wt%, Y: 0.30 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:1; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide. The molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high - strength aluminum casting for the high - load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze - dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at - 100 °C, perform high - temperature calcination and keep it warm. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in a silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic framework and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for heat preservation, the calcination temperature is 900 °C, the heat preservation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic framework, and the pore diameter of the silica porous framework is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar, the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm, and obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen, the heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C, the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h, oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, and obtain a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 5:

[0027] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which consists of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic framework, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.18 wt%, Si: 0.50 wt%, Cu: 0.40 wt%, Zn: 0.35 wt%, Cr: 0.11 wt%, Y: 0.45 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic framework is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel. S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm. S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic framework and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework - silica precursor gel complex. S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework - silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic framework, and the pore size of the silica porous framework is 10 - 20 μm. S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface. S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 6:

[0028] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic framework, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure. Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 0.96 wt%, Si: 0.49 wt%, Cu: 0.21 wt%, Zn: 0.43 wt%, Cr: 0.40 wt%, Y: 0.41 wt%, and the balance is Al. The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.6; The coating composition is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm with high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose being 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and then concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the aluminum alloy matrix composition. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize it to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 7:

[0029] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which is composed of an aluminum alloy matrix of 80 wt% and a porous ceramic skeleton of 20 wt%. The surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.02 wt%, Si: 0.42 wt%, Cu: 0.23 wt%, Zn: 0.34 wt%, Cr: 0.19 wt%, Y: 0.32 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5. The coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -50 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 15 - 25 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then put it into a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. The composition is Fe70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 The amorphous alloy powder of Al, Nb, and Ce is cold-sprayed onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm, and an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface is obtained; S7. The aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface is heat-treated and oxygen is introduced. The heat treatment temperature is 450 °C, and the heat treatment time is 1.5 h, so that Ce is oxidized into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, and a high-strength aluminum casting is obtained. Example 8:

[0030] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.23 wt%, Si: 0.47 wt%, Cu: 0.38 wt%, Zn: 0.35 wt%, Cr: 0.25 wt%, Y: 0.33 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose are dissolved in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Deionized water is added and dilute hydrochloric acid is dropped. It is heated in a water bath at 60 °C and stirred until the reaction is complete. Ammonia water is dropped to make the reaction solution neutral, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. The silicon carbide precursor gel is freeze-dried at -100 °C, calcined at a high temperature and held for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C, and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then it is cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is dissolved in absolute ethanol, deionized water is added, the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton is put in and dilute hydrochloric acid is dropped. It is heated in a water bath at 70 °C and stirred until the reaction is complete, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton-silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel composite at -40 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h, then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic framework. The pore size of the silica porous framework is 20 - 30 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold. Pour the alloy melt into the mold and apply a pressure of 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. After holding the pressure, cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting. Example 9:

[0031] A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic framework, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.18 wt%, Si: 0.48 wt%, Cu: 0.36 wt%, Zn: 0.42 wt%, Cr: 0.28 wt%, Y: 0.26 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic framework is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5. The coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -90 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 10 - 15 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat it in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Then concentrate it under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton-silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton-silica precursor gel complex at -50 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silica porous skeleton is 15 - 25 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then put it into a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize it to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Carry out surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0032] Example 10: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 0.96 wt%, Si: 0.32 wt%, Cu: 0.34 wt%, Zn: 0.40 wt%, Cr: 0.31 wt%, Y: 0.28 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8, add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -90 °C, calcine at high temperature and hold for a certain time, the calcination temperature is 1300 °C, the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 10 - 15 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex at -40 °C, calcine at high temperature and hold for a certain time, the calcination temperature is 900 °C, the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silica porous skeleton is 20 - 30 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the aluminum alloy matrix composition, preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar, the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm, to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen, the heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C, the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h, to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, and obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0033] Example 11: A high-load robotic arm high-strength aluminum casting is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.08 wt%, Si: 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.21 wt%, Zn: 0.41 wt%, Cr: 0.16 wt%, Y: 0.36 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 The amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 10 - 15 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm with high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose being 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for heat preservation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for heat preservation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0034] Example 12: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of an aluminum alloy matrix of 80 wt% and a porous ceramic skeleton of 20 wt%. The surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.09 wt%, Si: 0.39 wt%, Cu: 0.24 wt%, Zn: 0.35 wt%, Cr: 0.31 wt%, Y: 0.35 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5. The coating thickness is 15 - 20 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C, then place it in a mold and fix it. Pour the alloy melt into the mold and apply a pressure of 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. After holding the pressure, cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray an amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface. S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0035] Example 13: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and there is a coating with a micro-nano composite structure on the surface of the casting. Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.21 wt%, Si: 0.49 wt%, Cu: 0.39 wt%, Zn: 0.34 wt%, Cr: 0.29 wt%, Y: 0.43 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 65 Al 15 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 15 - 20 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel. S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and hold the temperature. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm. S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in a porous silicon carbide flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton-silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton-silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for heat preservation, the calcination temperature is 900 °C, the heat preservation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore diameter of the silica porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then put it into a mold for fixation, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to make the melt quickly fill the mold, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 65 Al 15 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar, the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm, and obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen, the heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C, the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h, oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, and obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0036] Example 14: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which consists of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.22 wt%, Si: 0.45 wt%, Cu: 0.28 wt%, Zn: 0.31 wt%, Cr: 0.26 wt%, Y: 0.33 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 60 Al 20 Nb 15 Ce 5 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 15 - 20 μm; The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel. S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and keep warm. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm. S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex. S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and keep warm. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic skeleton. The pore size of the silica porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm. S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 60 Al 20 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface. S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0037] Example 15: A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which consists of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure. Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.19 wt%, Si: 0.40 wt%, Cu: 0.23 wt%, Zn: 0.35 wt%, Cr: 0.36 wt%, Y: 0.29 wt%, and the balance is Al. The porous ceramic framework is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8; The coating composition is Fe 60 Al 20 Nb 10 Ce 10 amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 15 - 20 μm; The casting process of the high-load robotic arm with high-strength aluminum casting includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose being 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic framework and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic framework, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous framework is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the aluminum alloy matrix composition. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 60 Al 20 Nb 10 Ce 15 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0038] To further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention also sets up comparative examples, which are specifically as follows: Comparative Example 1: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of an aluminum alloy matrix and a coating with a surface micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.15 wt%, Si: 0.45 wt%, Cu: 0.36 wt%, Zn: 0.33 wt%, Cr: 0.25 wt%, Y: 0.42 wt%, and the balance is Al; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 an amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, pour the alloy melt into a mold and apply pressure to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S2. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar, and the particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S3. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain an aluminum casting.

[0039] Comparative Example 2: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 65 wt% of an aluminum alloy matrix and 35 wt% of a porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.22 wt%, Si: 0.44 wt%, Cu: 0.23 wt%, Zn: 0.37 wt%, Cr: 0.18 wt%, Y: 0.28 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:1; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, with a molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide of 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for high-load robotic arms includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with a molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose of 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silica porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the aluminum alloy matrix composition. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold spray amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain the aluminum casting.

[0040] Comparative Example 3: An aluminum casting for high-load robotic arms, composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton, and the surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.05 wt%, Si: 0.48 wt%, Cu: 0.35 wt%, Zn: 0.36 wt%, Cr: 0.12 wt%, Y: 0.33 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:1.2; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 The amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, and the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol, with the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose being 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C, and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -60 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C, and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton, and the pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold. Pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining the aluminum casting.

[0041] Comparative Example 4: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of an aluminum alloy matrix of 80 wt% and a porous ceramic skeleton of 20 wt%. The surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 0.96 wt%, Si: 0.39 wt%, Cu: 0.31 wt%, Zn: 0.39 wt%, Cr: 0.22 wt%, Y: 0.29 wt%, and the balance is Al; The component of the porous ceramic skeleton is silicon carbide; The component of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and hold for heat preservation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the silicon carbide porous skeleton to 620 °C and then place it in a mold for fixation. Pour the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain the aluminum casting; S4. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold-spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface; S5. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0042] Comparative Example 5: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of an aluminum alloy matrix of 80 wt% and a porous ceramic skeleton of 20 wt%. The surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure. Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.01 wt%, Si: 0.51 wt%, Cu: 0.22 wt%, Zn: 0.44 wt%, Cr: 0.21 wt%, Y: 0.31 wt%, and the balance is Al. The component of the porous ceramic skeleton is silicon dioxide. The component of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide, the molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm. The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in a silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon dioxide precursor gel. S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel composite at -60 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for heat preservation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon dioxide porous skeleton with a pore size of 10 - 20 μm. S3. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the silicon dioxide porous skeleton to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold, pour in the alloy melt and pressurize to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt, hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S4. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold-spray amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface. S5. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C, and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide, obtaining a high-strength aluminum casting.

[0043] Comparative Example 6: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm consists of an aluminum alloy matrix of 80 wt% and a porous ceramic skeleton of 20 wt%. The surface of the casting has a coating with a micro-nano composite structure; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.24 wt%, Si: 0.34 wt%, Cu: 0.26 wt%, Zn: 0.41 wt%, Cr: 0.12 wt%, Y: 0.31 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton consists of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide. The molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 5 Amorphous alloy and cerium oxide. The molar ratio of amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:5, and the coating thickness is 5 - 10 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -80 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C, and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 15 - 20 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex at -30 °C, calcine at a high temperature and hold for a certain time. The calcination temperature is 900 °C, and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide - silicon dioxide composite porous ceramic skeleton. The pore size of the silicon dioxide porous skeleton is 25 - 35 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, preheat the composite porous ceramic skeleton to 620 °C, place it in a mold for fixation, pour in the alloy melt, and apply pressure up to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. After holding the pressure, cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting. S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting, and cold spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 15 Ce 10 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface. S7. Heat-treat the aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface and introduce oxygen. The heat-treatment temperature is 450 °C and the heat-treatment time is 1.5 h to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain an aluminum casting.

[0044] Comparative Example 7: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm is composed of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic skeleton. Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.16 wt%, Si: 0.41 wt%, Cu: 0.29 wt%, Zn: 0.37 wt%, Cr: 0.11 wt%, Y: 0.28 wt%, and the balance is Al. The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.8. The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel. S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h, and then cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm. S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silicon dioxide precursor gel complex. S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel composite at -60 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic framework. The pore size of the silica porous framework is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold. Pour the alloy melt into the mold and apply pressure up to 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting.

[0045] Comparative Example 8: An aluminum casting for a high-load robotic arm, which consists of 80 wt% aluminum alloy matrix and 20 wt% porous ceramic framework, and there is a coating on the surface of the casting; Among them, the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix consists of the following components by weight ratio: Mg: 1.11 wt%, Si: 0.46 wt%, Cu: 0.32 wt%, Zn: 0.40 wt%, Cr: 0.22 wt%, Y: 0.26 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic framework is composed of silicon carbide and silica, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to alumina is 1:0.8; The composition of the coating is Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 20 Amorphous alloy, and the coating thickness is 15 - 20 μm; The casting process of the aluminum casting for the high-load robotic arm includes the following steps: S1. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and glucose in absolute ethanol. The molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.8. Add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 60 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Dropwise add ammonia water to make the reaction solution neutral, and then concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide precursor gel at -100 °C, perform high-temperature calcination and insulation. The calcination temperature is 1300 °C and the insulation time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework with a pore size of 5 - 10 μm; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in absolute ethanol, add deionized water, put in the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic framework and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat in a water bath at 70 °C and stir until the reaction is complete. Concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel composite; S4. Freeze-dry the silicon carbide porous framework-silica precursor gel composite at -60 °C, calcine it at a high temperature and hold the temperature. The calcination temperature is 900 °C and the holding time is 1.5 h. Then cool it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a silicon carbide-silica composite porous ceramic framework. The pore size of the silica porous framework is 10 - 20 μm; S5. Configure and melt each metal raw material according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix. Preheat the composite porous ceramic framework to 620 °C and then fix it in a mold. Pour the alloy melt into the mold and apply a pressure of 50 MPa to quickly fill the mold with the melt. Hold the pressure and then cool and demold to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Perform surface treatment on the aluminum casting. Cold-spray the amorphous alloy powder with the composition of Fe 70 Al 10 Nb 20 onto the surface of the bar. The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder is 2 - 5 μm to obtain an aluminum casting with an amorphous coating on its surface.

[0046] Use a universal testing machine to conduct tensile tests on each example and comparative example. The tensile specimens are dumbbell-shaped, and the effective test part is cylindrical with a diameter of 5 mm and an original gauge length of 35 mm. The tensile rate is 0.5 mm / min; and use a microhardness tester to test the hardness of the specimens. The results are shown in Tables 1 - 5.

[0047] Table 1 Influence of the content of the ceramic framework on the properties of aluminum castings

[0048] Table 2 Influence of the molar ratio of silicon carbide to silica in the ceramic framework on the properties of aluminum castings

[0049] Table 3 Influence of different pore sizes of silicon carbide to silica in the ceramic framework on the properties of aluminum castings

[0050] Table 4 Influence of the coating thickness on the properties of aluminum castings

[0051] Table 5 Influence of the coating composition on the properties of aluminum castings

Claims

1. A high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load mechanical arm, characterized in that: The high-strength aluminum casting is composed of 75 to 90 wt% of an aluminum alloy matrix and 10 to 25 wt% of a porous ceramic skeleton, and a coating of a micro-nano composite structure is provided on the surface of the casting; The aluminum alloy matrix comprises the following components in weight ratio: Mg: 0.95 ~ 1.25 wt%, Si: 0.3 ~ 0.52 wt%, Cu: 0.15 ~ 0.4 wt%, Zn: 0.3 ~ 0.44 wt%, Cr: 0.08 ~ 0.41 wt%, Y: 0.25 ~ 0.45 wt%, and the balance is Al; The porous ceramic skeleton is composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide, and the molar ratio of silicon carbide to aluminum oxide is 1:0.6 ~ 1.0; The coating composition is Fe 60-70 Al 10-20 Nb 10-15 Ce 5-10 The molar ratio of the amorphous alloy to cerium oxide is 100:3 to 7, and the coating thickness is 5 to 20 μm.

2. The casting process of high-strength aluminum casting for high-load robot arm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Dissolve ethyl orthosilicate and glucose in anhydrous ethanol, add deionized water and dropwise add dilute hydrochloric acid, heat in a water bath and stir until the reaction is complete, add aqueous ammonia to make the reaction solution neutral, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide precursor gel; S2. The silicon carbide precursor gel is freeze-dried, calcined at high temperature and kept warm, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a porous silicon carbide skeleton; S3. Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate in anhydrous ethanol, add deionized water, put into the silicon carbide porous flexible ceramic skeleton and add dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise, heat in a water bath and stir until the reaction is complete, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a silicon carbide porous skeleton - silica precursor gel complex; S4. The silicon carbide porous framework - silica precursor gel composite is freeze-dried, calcined at high temperature and kept warm, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a silicon carbide - silica composite porous ceramic skeleton; S5. The metal raw materials are configured and melted according to the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, the composite porous ceramic skeleton is preheated and fixed in a mold, the alloy melt is poured and pressurized so that the melt quickly fills the mold, and the mold is cooled and demolded after holding the pressure to obtain an aluminum casting; S6. Surface treatment of the aluminum casting, cold spraying the amorphous alloy powder onto the surface of the rod to obtain an aluminum casting having an amorphous coating on the surface; S7. The aluminum casting having the amorphous coating on the surface is heat-treated to oxidize Ce into nanorod-shaped cerium oxide to obtain a high-strength aluminum casting.

3. The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to glucose is 1:0.5-1.2, and the temperature of the water bath heating is 50-70°C.

4. The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The freeze-drying temperature in step S2 is -100 to -90 °C, the calcination temperature is 1200 to 1400 °C, the insulation time is 1 to 2 h, and the pore size of the silicon carbide porous skeleton is 5 to 15 μm.

5. The casting process of the high-strength aluminum casting for a high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the water bath heating in step S3 is 60 ~ 80 ° C.

6. The casting process of high-strength aluminum casting for high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The freeze-drying temperature in step S4 is -60 to -40 °C, the calcination temperature is 800 to 1000 °C, the insulation time is 1 to 2 h, and the pore size of the porous silica skeleton is 10 to 30 μm.

7. The casting process of high-strength aluminum casting for high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S5, the preheating temperature of the composite porous ceramic skeleton is 600-650° C., and the pressurization pressure is 40-60 MPa.

8. The casting process of high-strength aluminum casting for high-load robot arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the amorphous alloy powder in step S6 is 2 to 5 μm.

9. The casting process of high-strength aluminum casting for high-load mechanical arm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat treatment temperature in step S7 is 400-500° C., the heat treatment time is 1-2 h, and oxygen is introduced during the heat treatment.

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