Combined filling mining method for ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined filling mining method for an ore body, and belongs to the technical field of combined filling mining. The combined filling mining method for the ore body comprises the steps that the water position in the ore body is judged through an induced polarization detection method, selective sublevel mining is carried out according to the mining position, laser scanning and a pressure sensor are adopted for filling work to monitor the filling density, and the filling sequence and the material ratio are set. The problems that an existing mining method is single in ore body layering mode and has a certain environmental risk are solved, diverse filling work is carried out according to moisture information detected by an induced polarization detection method in the filling work, multiple filling technologies are combined, efficient utilization of resources is achieved, and the mining method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. According to the goaf form of laser scanning and pressure sensor data, a filling process is automatically matched, and mining safety, economy and sustainability are remarkably improved through multi-process cooperation, dynamic optimization and comprehensive resource utilization in combination with filling mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combined filling mining, and specifically to a combined filling mining method for ore bodies. Background Technique

[0002] The underground combined mining method refers to a mining method in which two or more mining methods are used to mine simultaneously or sequentially within the same ore block. Because it can give full play to the advantages of each mining method under different conditions, it has good adaptability, can improve labor productivity and reduce ore dilution and loss.

[0003] Chinese Patent with Publication No. CN109268011B discloses a combined filling mining method. This combined filling mining method first sets the strike direction of the ore vein in the mining area as the length direction X, sets the horizontal thickness direction of the mining area as the width direction Y, and sets the vertical thickness direction of the mining area as the height direction Z; specifically includes: the ore block division step, the ore block stratification step, and the ore layer mining step. This combined filling mining method is particularly suitable for difficult-to-mine horizontal, gently inclined and medium-thick underground ore bodies under the conditions of unstable ore and rock. By dividing the mining area into multiple ore blocks, dividing the ore blocks into multiple ore layers, and sequentially mining different mining areas of each ore layer.

[0004] In the actual use process of the above-mentioned patent's mining method, the stratification method of the ore body is single, and the moisture influence of each ore layer is not treated, resulting in certain environmental risks; therefore, it does not meet the existing requirements, and for this reason, we propose a combined filling mining method for ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined filling mining method for ore bodies, which solves the problems in the above-mentioned background technique that in the actual use process of the mining method, the stratification method of the ore body is single, the moisture influence of each ore layer is not treated, and there are certain environmental risks.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A combined filling mining method for ore bodies, including: Adopt the induced polarization detection method to judge the moisture position in the ore body. According to the moisture position information prediction model, perform selective segmented mining on the mining position based on the data of the model, and after each layer is mined, carry out combined filling work with segmented filling materials; The filling work is carried out according to the moisture information detected by the induced polarization detection method, and diverse filling work is carried out. A combination of multiple filling technologies is used to achieve efficient resource utilization, environmental friendliness and safe and stable operation of the mine, and is particularly suitable for deep mining, high-value ore bodies or ecologically sensitive areas; The filling work uses laser scanning and pressure sensors to monitor the filling density, sets the filling sequence and material ratio, simulates stress and strain based on the monitoring information and filling information, and conducts filling according to the simulation information; The data of laser scanning is used to generate a high-precision three-dimensional grid model by CloudCompare and then exported in STL format for numerical simulation software to call. The strength of the goaf is judged according to the high-precision three-dimensional grid model, the filling sequence is arranged, and the filling material parameters are corrected through the Drucker-Prager model; After filling, IP detection is carried out outside the ore body. The resistivity of the filled mining area rises from 20 Ω / m to 120 Ω / m, indicating that the water penetration of the vegetation roots is improved, thus meeting the requirements of green mining. The combined filling mining significantly improves the mining safety, economy and sustainability through multi-process coordination, dynamic optimization and comprehensive utilization of resources.

[0007] Preferably, the IP detection method includes the following steps: S1: Design the electrode system, arrange the electrode positions, use non-polarizable electrodes, ensure close contact with the soil, adopt stainless steel materials, deeply bury the grounding resistance, construct the electric field distribution, determine the detection resolution and range, set a double-layer copper mesh wrapping on the surface of the electrode system, so that the 50 Hz power frequency interference is greater than 90%, and then by setting a real-time digital filter, transient electromagnetic noise can be removed; S2: Connect the power supply equipment and the measuring equipment to work, test the grounding resistance, and debug the power supply and measurement; S3: Install the auxiliary structure, fix the ground penetrating radar, and cooperate with the UAV composite airborne platform to realize the three-dimensional resistivity scanning of the mining area; S4: Conduct formal data collection, and use a high-precision IP receiver to receive electrode information; Electrodes are arranged outside the ore body through Wenner array, a square wave current of 0.1 - 100 Hz with an output power ≥ 500 W is output by a transient electromagnetic instrument, and then received by a multi-channel voltage acquisition system; Record the voltage signal attenuation curve, capture the polarization time constant, combine the mining area geological map and drilling data to construct an initial resistivity model, and convert the resistivity data into a three-dimensional model through the LSQR finite element algorithm; S5: Use drilling equipment to verify the IP anomaly area, collect core samples, judge the data information of IP detection, set the hole diameter to Φ100 - 150 mm, and conduct directional drilling with a depth greater than 50 m to test the data information of IP detection.

[0008] Preferably, the electrode system includes: Power supply electrodes, using graphite electrodes for shallow detection and electrodes impregnated with copper sulfate solution for deep detection; The electrode measurement device includes an induced polarization receiver for measuring the primary field potential and the secondary field attenuation potential. The induced polarization receiver of model VIP-5000 is adopted. The induced polarization receiver has the ability to detect microvolt-level signals and can calculate the polarization rate and resistivity based on the values of the primary field potential and the secondary field attenuation potential. It also includes a high-power transmitter for injecting a stable current into the ore body to stimulate the polarization effect. The high-power transmitter of model TXU-30 is adopted. The output voltage of the high-power transmitter is set to 100 - 1000V according to the depth of the ore body formation, and the current output of the high-power transmitter is set to 0.5 - 20A according to the depth of the ore body formation. The anti-interference accessories adopt an amplifier with a common-mode rejection ratio > 120dB to eliminate power frequency interference, and install shielded twisted pair wires to reduce electromagnetic interference. The monitoring module adopts a wireless transmission module and an automatic calibration module. The wireless transmission module uses an integrated LoRa / NB-IoT chip to transmit data in real time, and the automatic calibration module is set inside the electrode measurement device to automatically calibrate the electrode state regularly.

[0009] Preferably, the moisture position information includes volumetric water content, pore water saturation rate, distribution position of fissure water, ore body permeability, and thickness of the water-resistant layer. The calculation method of the volumetric water content is based on the empirical formula of resistivity and water content, and the value is defined as the proportion of the volume of pore water in the ore body per unit volume. The calculation method of the pore water saturation rate is based on the formation resistivity and porosity, and the value is defined as the proportion of the pore space occupied by water. The distribution position of the fissure water is identified by the electrode data detected by induced polarization to judge the distribution of the fissure water by detecting the conductivity difference of the fissure surface.

[0010] Preferably, the moisture position information prediction model is based on the data information of the distribution position of the fissure water, the ore body permeability, and the thickness of the water-resistant layer. The ore body permeability is based on the Archie formula correction model, and the permeability factor and cementation index are set to predict the ore body drainage efficiency. The thickness of the water-resistant layer is divided by the magnitude of the resistivity, and the water-resistant effect is judged based on the thickness of the water-resistant layer. The Surfer software is used to generate the spatial distribution map of the ore body aquifer, mark the isogram of the volumetric water content and the pore water saturation rate, and generate a three-dimensional resistivity model. By analyzing the parameters of the volumetric water content, the pore water saturation rate, the distribution position of the fissure water, the ore body permeability, and the thickness of the water-resistant layer, the spatial distribution, permeability, and salinity of the water in the ore body can be predicted, and the mining work efficiency can be improved.

[0011] Preferably, the sectional mining includes: The mining area is stratified. In the mining area, it is divided into several sections based on the height direction, and several sections are divided into several orebody layers according to the single mining height. Stratification classification: Statistically classify the water position information of several orebody layers, and classify them into high-permeability fissure water layer, confined pore water layer, sulfide-associated acidic water layer, and local isolated water pocket layer. Merge the induced polarization detection data with the orebody geological model to generate a three-dimensional hydrogeological orebody model. Simulate the seepage stability under different sections through FLAC3D numerical software, and at the same time conduct orebody monitoring. The orebody monitoring uses microseismic sensors and water level sensors.

[0012] Preferably, the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water pocket layer are set as the first mining layers, and are filled in a closed manner, and auxiliary mining work is carried out with supporting neutralization treatment equipment. The high-permeability fissure water layer is set as the subsequent mining layer, and anti-seepage work is carried out by pre-grouting. The confined pore water layer is set as the later mining layer, and pressure reduction mining is carried out at the end of the mining cycle, and waterproof ore pillars are reserved in the confined pore water layer. During the mining process, the resistivity of the area is monitored in real time. If the resistivity of a certain section drops suddenly, stop mining and implement grouting to block water, and check the water situation in time.

[0013] Preferably, the sectional filling material is adjusted according to the stratification classification. The gob area of the high-permeability fissure water layer uses cemented filling material. The gob area of the confined pore water layer uses paste filling material. Both the cemented filling material and the paste filling material are mixed and formed by mixing facilities, and are transported to the sectional filling position by the way of screw pump pumping. The gob area of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water pocket layer uses grouted polyurethane filling material.

[0014] Preferably, the combined filling work includes the following steps: S1: Combine induced polarization detection and laser scanning to divide the high-permeability fissure water layer, confined pore water layer, sulfide-associated acidic water layer, and local isolated water pocket layer in the gob area of the orebody. S2: After zoning, in the gob areas of the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer, construct a layer of anchor cables with a spacing of 1.5 m and a length of 10 m every three meters for support, set water-conducting roadways, lay a steel mesh in the low-risk area, and spray concrete. S3: First transport the cemented filling material and the paste filling material into the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer. S4: First, after adding a quick-setting agent to the inner walls of the highly permeable fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer, fill the highly permeable fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer with cementitious filling materials and paste filling materials; S5: After mixing the grouted polyurethane filling material with the cementitious material, transport it to the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the locally isolated water pocket layer; S6: In the form of pipeline spraying, spray the grouted polyurethane filling material and the cementitious material into the goaf of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the locally isolated water pocket layer; S7: Monitor the filling density through a pressure sensor.

[0015] Preferably, the laser scanning includes: A laser emitter that emits laser pulses to conduct high-frequency laser emission on the goaf. The laser emitter is set to 905 nm or 1550 nm according to the depth of the goaf, and the scanning frequency is set to 50 - 200 kHz to determine the point cloud density; An underground mobile scanning platform that conducts large-scale scanning work in the goaf by moving along the track. The underground mobile scanning platform uses a three-dimensional laser scanner of RIEGL VZ-4000 to identify potential hazards such as hidden fissures and remaining equipment in the goaf; Laser scanning is the core means for high-precision measurement of the goaf, used to quickly obtain data on the goaf's shape, volume, and stability; A positioning system for real-time recording of the position information of the underground mobile scanning platform; The pressure sensor includes: A strain gauge pressure sensor in the filling material conveying pipeline, which is used to measure the pressure at the outlet, the pipeline turning point, and the end of the filling material conveying pipeline, and cooperate with the laser scanning technology to determine; A piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf, which is arranged in the filling material by drilling and embedding methods to measure the pressure gradient in the filling material accumulation area, and monitor the filling area in real time according to the pressure gradient; Before installing the piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf, import the laser scanning model as a geometric basis, embed the preset sensor coordinates in the FLAC3D platform for calibration, and correct the material ratio parameters of the filling material through the initial filling test data.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention conducts diverse filling operations based on the moisture information detected by induced polarization detection during the filling process. By combining multiple filling techniques, it aims to achieve efficient resource utilization, environmental friendliness, and safe and stable operation of the mine. It is particularly applicable to deep mining, high-value ore bodies, or ecologically sensitive areas. The induced polarization detection data is merged with the ore body geological model to generate a three-dimensional hydrogeological ore body model. The seepage stability under different sections is simulated using the FLAC3D numerical software. By analyzing parameters such as volumetric water content, pore water saturation rate, location of fissure water distribution, ore body permeability, and thickness of the aquitard, the spatial distribution, permeability, and salinity of the moisture in the ore body can be predicted, improving the efficiency of mining operations. Meanwhile, the ore body is monitored using microseismic sensors and water level sensors. During the mining process, the resistivity of the monitored area is real-time monitored. If the resistivity of a certain section drops suddenly, mining is suspended and grouting is carried out to block water, and the moisture situation is checked in a timely manner. The combined filling mining significantly enhances the safety, economy, and sustainability of mining through multi-process collaboration, dynamic optimization, and comprehensive resource utilization.

[0017] Before installing the piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf, the present invention imports the laser scanning model as a geometric basis, embeds the preset sensor coordinates for calibration in the FLAC3D platform, and modifies the material ratio parameters of the filling material through the initial filling test data. Laser scanning is the core means for high-precision measurement of the goaf, used to quickly obtain the goaf shape, volume, and stability data. According to the goaf shape obtained by laser scanning and the pressure sensor data, the filling process is automatically matched. Its function has surpassed traditional filling and has become the core module of intelligent mine construction. It is particularly applicable to challenging scenarios such as deep mining and complex hydrogeological ore deposits, further realizing fully automatic filling decision-making. After filling, induced polarization detection is carried out outside the ore body. The resistivity of the filled mining area increases from 20 Ω / m to 120 Ω / m, indicating that the moisture penetration of the vegetation roots has improved, thus meeting the requirements of green mining. The combined filling mining significantly enhances the safety, economy, and sustainability of mining through multi-process collaboration, dynamic optimization, and comprehensive resource utilization. Specific Embodiments

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment 1:

[0019] In order to solve the problem that in the actual use process of the existing mining methods, the stratification method of the ore body is single, there is no treatment for the moisture impact of each layer of the ore body, and there are certain environmental risks, the following technical solutions are provided in this embodiment: A combined filling mining method for an ore body, comprising: Using the induced polarization detection method to judge the water position in the ore body, and according to the water position information prediction model, selectively segment the mining position based on the data of the model, and after each layer of mining, carry out combined filling work with segmented filling materials; The filling work is carried out according to the water information detected by the induced polarization detection method, and diverse filling work is carried out, combining multiple filling technologies to achieve efficient resource utilization, environmental friendliness and safe and stable operation of the mine, especially suitable for deep mining, high-value ore bodies or ecologically sensitive areas; After filling, conduct induced polarization detection outside the ore body. The resistivity of the filled mining area rises from 20 Ω / m to 120 Ω / m, indicating that the water penetration of the vegetation roots is improved, thus meeting the requirements of green mining.

[0020] Further, the induced polarization detection method includes the following steps: S1: Design the electrode system, arrange the electrode positions, use non-polarizable electrodes, ensure close contact with the soil, adopt stainless steel materials, deeply bury the grounding resistance, construct the electric field distribution, determine the detection resolution and range, set a double-layer copper mesh wrapping on the surface of the electrode system, so that the 50 Hz power frequency interference is greater than 90%, and then by setting a real-time digital filter, transient electromagnetic noise can be removed; S2: Connect the power supply equipment and the measuring equipment, test the grounding resistance, and debug the power supply and measurement; S3: Install auxiliary structures, fix the ground penetrating radar, and cooperate with the unmanned aerial vehicle composite airborne platform to realize three-dimensional resistivity scanning of the mining area; S4: Conduct formal data acquisition, and use a high-precision IP receiver to receive electrode information; Arrange electrodes outside the ore body through Wenner array, output a 0.1 - 100 Hz square wave current with a transient electromagnetic instrument power ≥ 500 W, and then receive it through a multi-channel voltage acquisition system; Record the voltage signal attenuation curve, capture the polarization time constant, combine the mining area geological map and drilling data to construct an initial resistivity model, and convert the resistivity data into a three-dimensional model through the LSQR finite element algorithm; S5: Use drilling equipment to verify the induced polarization anomaly area, collect core samples, judge the data information of the induced polarization detection, set the hole diameter to Φ100 - 150 mm, and conduct directional drilling with a depth greater than 50 m to test the data information of the induced polarization detection.

[0021] Further, the electrode system includes: Power supply electrodes, using graphite electrodes for shallow detection and electrodes impregnated with copper sulfate solution for deep detection; The electrode measurement device includes an induced polarization receiver for measuring the primary field potential and the secondary field decay potential. The induced polarization receiver of model VIP-5000 is adopted. The induced polarization receiver has the ability to detect microvolt-level signals and can calculate the polarization rate and resistivity based on the values of the primary field potential and the secondary field decay potential. It also includes a high-power transmitter for injecting a stable current into the ore body to stimulate the polarization effect. The high-power transmitter of model TXU-30 is adopted. The output voltage of the high-power transmitter is set to 100 - 1000V according to the depth of the ore body formation, and the current output of the high-power transmitter is set to 0.5 - 20A according to the depth of the ore body formation. The anti-interference accessories adopt an amplifier with a common-mode rejection ratio > 120dB to eliminate power frequency interference, and install shielded twisted pair wires to reduce electromagnetic interference. The monitoring module adopts a wireless transmission module and an automatic calibration module. The wireless transmission module uses an integrated LoRa / NB-IoT chip to transmit data in real time, and the automatic calibration module is set inside the electrode measurement device to automatically calibrate the electrode state regularly.

[0022] Furthermore, the moisture position information includes volumetric water content, pore water saturation rate, distribution position of fissure water, ore body permeability, and thickness of the aquitard. The calculation method of volumetric water content is based on the empirical formula of resistivity and water content, and the value is defined as the proportion of the volume of pore water in the ore body per unit volume. The calculation method of pore water saturation rate is based on formation resistivity and porosity, and the value is defined as the proportion of the pore space occupied by water. The distribution position of fissure water identifies the conductivity difference of the fissure surface through the electrode data detected by induced polarization, so as to judge the distribution of fissure water.

[0023] Furthermore, the moisture position information prediction model is based on the data information of the distribution position of fissure water, ore body permeability, and thickness of the aquitard. The ore body permeability is based on the Archie formula correction model, and the permeability factor and cementation index are set to predict the ore body drainage efficiency. The thickness of the aquitard is divided by the magnitude of resistivity, and the water isolation effect is judged based on the thickness of the aquitard. The Surfer software is used to generate the spatial distribution map of the ore body aquifer, mark the isogram of volumetric water content and pore water saturation rate, and generate a three-dimensional resistivity model. By analyzing the parameters of volumetric water content, pore water saturation rate, distribution position of fissure water, ore body permeability, and thickness of the aquitard, the spatial distribution, permeability, and salinity of the moisture in the ore body can be predicted, and the mining work efficiency can be improved.

[0024] Specifically, during the filling operation, diverse filling work is carried out based on the moisture information detected by the induced polarization detection method. A combination of multiple filling techniques is used to achieve efficient resource utilization, environmental friendliness, and the safe and stable operation of the mine. It is particularly suitable for deep mining, high-value ore bodies, or ecologically sensitive areas. The induced polarization detection data is merged with the ore body geological model to generate a three-dimensional hydrogeological ore body model. The seepage stability under different sections is simulated through the FLAC3D numerical software. By analyzing parameters such as volumetric water content, pore water saturation rate, location of fissure water distribution, ore body permeability, and thickness of the water-resistant layer, the spatial distribution, permeability, and salinity of the moisture in the ore body can be predicted, improving the efficiency of mining work. At the same time, the ore body is monitored using microseismic sensors and water level sensors. During the mining process, the resistivity of the monitored area is real-time monitored. If the resistivity of a certain section drops suddenly, the mining is suspended and grouting is carried out to block water, and the moisture situation is checked in a timely manner. The combined filling mining significantly improves the safety, economy, and sustainability of mining through multi-process coordination, dynamic optimization, and comprehensive resource utilization. Embodiment 2:

[0025] To solve the problem that in the actual use process of the existing mining methods, the operation mode of the filling materials inside the goaf is complex, which affects the efficiency of mining work, this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: A combined filling mining method for an ore body, including: Using the induced polarization detection method to judge the moisture position in the ore body, and according to the moisture position information prediction model, selectively segment the mining position based on the data of the model, and after each layer of mining, carry out combined filling work using segmented filling materials; For the filling work, laser scanning and pressure sensors are used to monitor the filling density, the filling sequence and material ratio are set, based on the monitoring information and filling information, the stress and strain are simulated, and the filling is carried out according to the simulation information; The data of laser scanning is exported in STL format for numerical simulation software to call after generating a high-precision three-dimensional grid model by CloudCompare. According to the high-precision three-dimensional grid model, the strength of the goaf is judged, the filling sequence is arranged, and the filling material parameters are corrected through the Drucker-Prager model.

[0026] Further, the segmented mining includes: The ore area is stratified, divided into several segments in the height direction in the mining area, and several segments are divided into several layers of ore bodies according to the single mining height; Stratification and classification, the moisture position information of several layers of ore bodies is statistically classified into a high-permeability fissure water layer, a confined pore water layer, a sulfide-associated acidic water layer, and a local isolated water pocket layer; Integrate induced polarization detection data with the ore body geological model to generate a three-dimensional hydrogeological ore body model. Simulate the seepage stability under different sections through the FLAC3D numerical software, and at the same time conduct ore body monitoring using microseismic sensors and water level sensors.

[0027] Furthermore, the sulfide-associated acid water layer and the local isolated water-bearing cyst layer are set as the first mining layers, and closed filling is adopted, and neutralization treatment equipment is equipped for auxiliary mining work; The high-permeability fissure water layer is set as the subsequent mining layer, and anti-seepage work is carried out by advance grouting; The confined pore water layer is set as the later mining layer, and pressure reduction mining is carried out at the end of the mining cycle, and waterproof ore pillars are reserved in the confined pore water layer; During the mining process, the resistivity of the area is monitored in real time. If the resistivity of a certain section drops suddenly, stop mining and implement grouting to block water, and check the water condition in time.

[0028] Furthermore, the segmented filling materials are adjusted according to stratification and classification; The gob areas of the high-permeability fissure water layer adopt cemented filling materials; The gob areas of the confined pore water layer adopt paste filling materials; Both the cemented filling materials and the paste filling materials are mixed and formed by mixing facilities and are transported to the segmented filling positions by screw pumps; The gob areas of the sulfide-associated acid water layer and the local isolated water-bearing cyst layer adopt grouted polyurethane filling materials.

[0029] Furthermore, the combined filling work includes the following steps: S1: Combine induced polarization detection and laser scanning to divide the high-permeability fissure water layer, confined pore water layer, sulfide-associated acid water layer and local isolated water-bearing cyst layer of the ore body gob area; S2: After zoning, in the gob areas of the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer, a cable bolt with a layer spacing of 1.5 m and a length of 10 m is constructed every three meters for support, a water-conducting roadway is set, a steel mesh is arranged in the low-risk area, and concrete is sprayed; S3: First transport the cemented filling materials and the paste filling materials into the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer; S4: First add a quick-setting agent to the inner walls of the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer, and then fill the cemented filling materials and the paste filling materials in the high-permeability fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer; S5: After mixing the grouted polyurethane filling materials with the gelling materials, transport them to the sulfide-associated acid water layer and the local isolated water-bearing cyst layer; S6: Inject the grouting polyurethane filling material and the gelling material into the goaf of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the locally isolated water-containing cyst layer by means of pipeline injection; S7: Monitor the filling density through a pressure sensor.

[0030] Furthermore, the laser scanning includes: A laser emitter, which emits laser pulses at a high frequency to the goaf. The laser emitter is set to 905 nm or 1550 nm according to the depth of the goaf, and the scanning frequency is set to 50 - 200 kHz to determine the point cloud density; An underground mobile scanning platform, which moves through the track to conduct large-scale scanning work in the goaf. The underground mobile scanning platform uses a three-dimensional laser scanner of RIEGL VZ-4000 to identify potential hazards such as hidden fissures and remaining equipment in the goaf; Laser scanning is the core means for high-precision measurement of the goaf, used to quickly obtain the shape, volume and stability data of the goaf; A positioning system, used to record the position information of the underground mobile scanning platform in real time; The pressure sensor includes: A strain gauge pressure sensor in the filling material conveying pipeline, which is used to measure the pressure at the outlet, the pipeline bend and the end of the filling material conveying pipeline, and cooperate with the laser scanning technology to determine; A piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf, which is arranged in the filling material by drilling and embedding methods to measure the pressure gradient in the filling material accumulation area, and monitor the filling area in real time according to the pressure gradient; Before installing the piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf, import the laser scanning model as a geometric basis, embed the preset sensor coordinates in the FLAC3D platform for calibration, and correct the material ratio parameters of the filling material through the initial filling test data.

[0031] Specifically, before installing the piezoresistive pressure sensors for the filling materials in the goaf, a laser scanning model is imported as the geometric basis, and the preset sensor coordinates are embedded for calibration in the FLAC3D platform. The material ratio parameters of the filling materials are corrected through the initial filling test data. Laser scanning is the core method for high-precision measurement of the goaf, which is used to quickly obtain the goaf morphology, volume, and stability data. According to the goaf morphology obtained by laser scanning and the pressure sensor data, the filling process is automatically matched. Its function has exceeded that of traditional filling and has become the core module for the construction of intelligent mines, especially suitable for challenging scenarios such as deep mining and complex hydrogeological ore deposits. Furthermore, a fully automatic filling decision is realized. After filling, induced polarization detection is carried out outside the ore body. The resistivity of the filled mining area increases from 20 Ω / m to 120 Ω / m, indicating that the water penetration of the vegetation roots is improved, thus meeting the requirements of green mining. The combined filling mining significantly improves the mining safety, economy, and sustainability through multi-process collaboration, dynamic optimization, and comprehensive utilization of resources.

[0032] Working principle: Before the mining work, design the electrode system, arrange the electrode positions, connect the power supply equipment and the measuring equipment, test the grounding resistance, debug the power supply and measurement, and conduct formal data collection. Use a high-precision IP receiver to receive the electrode information, use drilling equipment to verify the induced polarization anomaly area, collect core samples, and judge the data information of the induced polarization detection. Use Surfer software to generate the spatial distribution map of the ore body aquifer, mark the isohyet of the volumetric water content and the pore water saturation rate, and generate a three-dimensional resistivity model. Based on the model, the mining area is divided into several segments in the height direction, and several segments are divided into several layers of ore bodies according to the single mining height. The water position information of several layers of ore bodies is statistically classified into highly permeable fissure water layer, confined pore water layer, sulfide-associated acidic water layer, and local isolated water pocket layer. First, mine the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water pocket layer, then mine the highly permeable fissure water layer, and finally mine the confined pore water layer. During the mining process, the resistivity of the monitored area is real-time monitored. If the resistivity of a certain segment drops suddenly, stop mining and implement grouting to block water, and check the water situation in time. After the mining of each layer of ore body is completed, scan the goaf through a laser emitter and an underground mobile scanning platform. Import the laser scanning model as the geometric basis, embed the preset sensor coordinates for calibration in the FLAC3D platform, correct the material ratio parameters of the filling materials through the initial filling test data, and install the piezoresistive pressure sensors for the goaf according to the corrected parameters. In the goafs of the highly permeable fissure water layer and the confined pore water layer, paste filling with a strength of 5 MPa is used. In the goafs of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water pocket layer, waste rock and cement mixed filling with a strength of 2 MPa is used. The remaining goafs are filled and compacted with waste rock.

[0033] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined filling mining method for an ore body, characterized in that: include: The induced polarization detection method is used to determine the moisture position in the ore body. According to the moisture position information prediction model, selective segmented mining is carried out according to the mining position based on the model data. After each layer is mined, segmented filling materials are used for joint filling work; The filling work uses laser scanning and pressure sensors to monitor the filling density, set the filling sequence and material ratio, simulate stress and strain based on the monitoring information and filling information, and fill according to the simulated information.

2. A combined filling mining method for an ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The induced polarization detection method comprises the following steps: S1: Design the electrode system and arrange the electrode positions; S2: Connect the power supply equipment and the measuring equipment, test the grounding resistance, and debug the power supply and measurement; S3: Install auxiliary structure; S4: Formal data collection is carried out, and high-precision IP receivers are used to receive electrode information; S5: Use drilling equipment to verify the IP anomaly area, collect core samples, and determine the data information of IP detection.

3. A combined filling mining method for an ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrode system comprises: Power supply electrode: graphite electrode is used for shallow layer detection, and electrode impregnated with copper sulfate solution is used for deep layer detection; The electrode measuring device includes an induced polarization receiver for measuring the primary field potential and the secondary field attenuation potential, and adopts a VIP-5000 induced polarization receiver, and also includes a high-power transmitter for injecting a stable current into the ore body to stimulate the polarization effect, and adopts a TXU-30 high-power transmitter; Anti-interference accessories, using amplifiers with a common mode rejection ratio of >120dB to eliminate power frequency interference, and installing shielded twisted pair cables to reduce electromagnetic interference; The monitoring module adopts a wireless transmission module and an automatic calibration module.

4. The combined filling mining method of an ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture location information includes volumetric moisture content, pore water saturation, interstitial water distribution location, ore body permeability and aquiclude thickness; The calculation method of the volume water content is based on the empirical formula of resistivity and water content, and the numerical value is defined as the volume ratio of pore water in a unit volume of the ore body; The calculation method of the pore water saturation is based on the formation resistivity and porosity, and the value is defined as the proportion of the pore space occupied by water; The distribution position of the gap water is determined by identifying the difference in conductivity of the gap surface through electrode data detected by induced polarization, thereby determining the distribution of the gap water.

5. The combined filling mining method of an ore body according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moisture position information prediction model is based on data information on the distribution position of crack water, ore body permeability and aquiclude thickness; The ore body permeability is based on the Archie formula correction model, and the permeability factor and cementation index are set to predict the ore body drainage efficiency; The thickness of the waterproof layer is divided by the size of the resistivity, and the waterproof effect is judged based on the thickness of the waterproof layer.

6. The combined filling mining method of an ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented mining includes: The mining area is divided into several sections based on the height direction, and several sections are divided into several layers of ore bodies according to the single mining height; The moisture location information of several layers of ore bodies is statistically classified into high-permeability fractured water layers, pressurized porous water layers, sulfide-associated acidic water layers and locally isolated water-bearing pocket layers.

7. A combined filling mining method for an ore body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the locally isolated water-bearing pocket layer are set as the first mining layer, and closed filling and supporting neutralization treatment equipment are used for auxiliary mining; The high permeability fractured water layer is set as a subsequent mining layer, and grouting is performed in advance to prevent seepage; The pressurized porous water layer is set as a post-mining layer, and pressure reduction mining is carried out at the end of the mining cycle, and waterproof pillars are reserved in the pressurized porous water layer.

8. The combined filling mining method of an ore body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The segmented filling material is adjusted according to the layered classification; The goaf of the high permeability fractured water layer is filled with cemented filling materials; The goaf of the pressure-bearing porous water layer is filled with paste material; The goaf of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the locally isolated water-bearing bag layer is filled with grouting polyurethane filling material.

9. A combined filling mining method for an ore body according to claim 8, characterized in that: The combined filling work comprises the following steps: S1: Combined with IP detection and laser scanning, the high permeability fracture water layer, confined pore water layer, sulfide-associated acidic water layer and local isolated water-bearing pocket layer in the goaf of the ore body are divided; S2: After zoning, a layer of anchor cables with a spacing of 1.5m and a length of 10m is constructed every three meters in the goaf of the high permeability fractured water layer and the pressure porous water layer for support, and a water diversion tunnel is set up. A steel mesh is laid in the low-risk area, and concrete is sprayed; S3: transporting the cement filling material and the paste filling material to the high permeability fracture water layer and the pressure porous water layer; S4: firstly add an accelerating setting agent to the inner wall of the high permeability fracture water layer and the pressure porous water layer, and then fill the high permeability fracture water layer and the pressure porous water layer with cementing filling material and paste filling material; S5: mixing the grouting polyurethane filling material with a cementitious material and transporting the mixture to the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water-containing sac layer; S6: Spray the grouting polyurethane filling material and cementitious material into the goaf of the sulfide-associated acidic water layer and the local isolated water-bearing bag layer by pipeline injection; S7: The filling density is monitored by a pressure sensor.

10. A combined filling mining method for an ore body according to claim 9, characterized in that: The laser scanning comprises: A laser transmitter, which is used to emit laser pulses to emit high-frequency laser to the goaf; The underground mobile scanning platform can scan a large area in the goaf by moving on the track; Positioning system, used to record the position information of the underground mobile scanning platform in real time; The pressure sensor comprises: The strain gauge pressure sensor in the filling material conveying pipeline is used to measure the pressure at the outlet, the bend and the end of the filling material conveying pipeline, and is determined by laser scanning technology; The piezoresistive pressure sensor of the filling material in the goaf is arranged in the filling material by drilling and pre-embedding, measures the pressure gradient in the filling material accumulation area, and monitors the filling area in real time according to the pressure gradient.