Application of corn alcohol wet grains in improving weight gain rate of cattle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and discloses application of corn alcohol wet grains in increasing the weight gain rate of cattle. The corn alcohol wet vinasse is used as a component of the cattle breeding feed, and the cattle breeding feed contains 15-30 wt% of whole-plant silage, 5-14 wt% of hay, 4-9 wt% of corn flour, 2-5 wt% of bean cakes, 0.7-1.2 wt% of baking soda, 0.15-0.5 wt% of table salt and 40-55 wt% of corn alcohol wet vinasse according to the total weight of the cattle breeding feed. Through the mode provided by the invention, the nutrition required by the cattle can be fully met, the weight gain rate of the cattle can be increased at a lower cost, and the feed has the advantage of economic benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to the application of wet distillers grains from corn alcohol in improving the weight gain rate of cattle. Background Art

[0002] In the common feeding methods for feeder cattle, they mainly include: mainly using forage: taking forage as the main feed for feeder cattle, including natural grasslands or artificially planted forage. Then, an appropriate amount of grains, protein feeds or corn DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles) is added to balance the nutrition of the feed; mainly using concentrated feed: using concentrated feed as the main feed for feeder cattle, such as corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, etc., and adding appropriate amounts of minerals, vitamins and other nutritional supplements according to the needs of feeder cattle. Mainly using a mixture of forage and concentrated feed: mixing forage and concentrated feed for feeding to provide a balanced feed.

[0003] In the common feeding methods for growing cattle, they mainly include: mainly using roughage: taking roughage as the main feed for growing cattle, such as forage, straw, etc., which is suitable for grassland areas or places with rich forage resources, and then adding an appropriate amount of concentrated feed or grains to balance the nutrition of the feed. Mainly using concentrated feed. Mainly using a mixed feed: mixing roughage and concentrated feed for feeding to provide a balanced feed. Mainly using silage: fermenting forage or straw to make silage, and then using it as the main feed for growing cattle. Silage is rich in nutrition and can improve the feed utilization rate and growth rate of growing cattle.

[0004] However, the price of concentrated feed is relatively high, which will increase the feeding cost, and overeating it will cause acidosis or indigestion. The preparation of mixed feed requires certain technical and cost inputs, and the required ingredients may also be limited by the availability and cost of feed raw materials. Forage has unbalanced nutrition and is affected by seasons, resulting in reduced quality and availability. Overeating silage will cause an increase in rumen acidity and affect digestive function.

[0005] Therefore, there is still a need to develop a new feeding method with relatively low cost, which can fully meet the nutritional needs of cattle, and preferably can significantly improve the weight gain rate of cattle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems existing in the prior art, and provide the application of wet distillers grains from corn alcohol in improving the weight gain rate of cattle. Through the method provided by the present invention, it can fully meet the nutritional needs of cattle, and can also significantly improve the weight gain rate of cattle, with relatively low cost; at the same time, it fully utilizes the nutrients in wet distillers grains from corn alcohol and also reduces the production cost in the biomass alcohol production process, which has more economic benefits for enterprises.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an application of corn distillers wet grains in increasing the weight gain rate of cattle. The corn distillers wet grains are used as a component of the cattle feed. Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 15 - 30 wt% whole-plant silage, 5 - 14 wt% hay, 4 - 9 wt% corn flour, 2 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 - 1.2 wt% baking soda, 0.15 - 0.5 wt% salt, and 40 - 55 wt% corn distillers wet grains.

[0008] By the method provided by the present invention, the nutrition required by cattle can be fully satisfied, and the weight gain rate of cattle can be increased at a relatively low cost. At the same time, the nutrition in the corn distillers wet grains is fully utilized, and the production cost in the biomass alcohol production process is reduced, which has more economic benefits for enterprises. Detailed Embodiments

[0009] In the ranges disclosed herein, the endpoints and any value are not limited to the exact range or value. These ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of each range, between the endpoint values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, and these numerical ranges should be regarded as specifically disclosed herein.

[0010] The present invention provides an application of corn distillers wet grains in increasing the weight gain rate of cattle. The corn distillers wet grains are used as a component of the cattle feed. Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 15 - 30 wt% whole-plant silage, 5 - 14 wt% hay, 4 - 9 wt% corn flour, 2 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 - 1.2 wt% baking soda, 0.15 - 0.5 wt% salt, and 40 - 55 wt% corn distillers wet grains.

[0011] It can be understood that in the process of producing fuel ethanol by yeast bio-fermentation technology using corn as raw material, after the fermented mature mash is distilled by a distillation device to extract alcohol, the resulting waste mash is subjected to solid-liquid separation. The obtained solid phase is corn alcohol wet distillers grains, and the liquid phase is clear liquid. Conventionally, the clear liquid is concentrated to obtain thick slurry, and then the wet distillers grains and the thick slurry are jointly dried for producing DDGS feed (distillers dried grains with solubles). However, the inventors of the present invention found in the research that if the obtained corn alcohol wet distillers grains are directly formulated with other components according to the ratio described in the present invention as cattle feed, not only can the drying and other links in the DDGS feed production process be avoided, reducing the production burden and cost of the enterprise, but also the nutrients in the wet distillers grains can be more fully retained. Corn alcohol wet distillers grains are cheap and have a large output. And, for example, 1 ton of the above cattle feed costs about 1,200 - 1,500 yuan, which is lower in cost than the existing feeds such as concentrated feed at about 2,100 - 2,500 yuan per ton. For corn fermentation enterprises producing alcohol and cattle breeding terminals, the production cost is reduced, and better benefits can be created for both sides.

[0012] It can be understood that whole-plant silage refers to the harvested and processed product obtained by harvesting and processing the whole plant crop when its plant stems and leaves have not completely withered and the grains are not fully mature. Hay is a common feed, usually used for feeding livestock. It is made by cutting grass or other plant raw materials at an appropriate time and then reducing the water content to a relatively low level through methods such as sun drying and air drying to improve the preservation performance. Soybean cake refers to the soybean cake formed after the remaining solid part after deoiling the soybean by the pressing method is dehydrated, ground and processed. It is rich in high-quality protein and has good nutritional value. Corn flour is the powder or fine particles ground from corn kernels, showing golden yellow or light yellow. When pinched by hand, it is in the form of fine powder and does not form a lump after being tightly pinched in the hand and then released. It has the aroma of corn and is slightly sweet. Baking soda can be used to neutralize gastric acid and relieve discomfort.

[0013] According to the present invention, preferably, in the corn alcohol wet distillers grains, based on the total weight of the corn alcohol wet distillers grains, the mass content of water is 65 - 70 (for example, it can be 65, 66, 66.5, 67, 67.5, 68, 68.5, 69, 69.5, 70 and the values within the range formed by any two of the above values) wt%. The corn alcohol wet distillers grains obtained by solid-liquid separation of the waste mash can be directly used as cattle feed without being mixed with thick slurry or the like before being used as cattle feed.

[0014] According to the present invention, preferably, the whole-plant silage is whole-plant corn silage.

[0015] According to the present invention, preferably, based on the total weight of the whole-plant silage, the mass content of water in the whole-plant silage is 62-68 (for example, it can be 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 and the values within the range formed by any two of the above values) wt%.

[0016] According to the present invention, preferably, based on the total weight of the soybean cake, the mass content of water in the soybean cake is 8-12 (for example, it can be 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and the values within the range formed by any two of the above values) wt%.

[0017] Generally, based on the total weight of the corn flour, the mass content of water in the corn flour is 10-12 wt%; based on the total weight of the hay, the mass content of water in the hay is 10-12 wt%.

[0018] According to the present invention, preferably, the cattle are feeder cattle and / or growing cattle. It can be understood that feeder cattle are generally female cows used for egg production and breeding; fattening cattle refer to the breeds used for beef production, with fast growth rate and good meat quality. Especially for feeder cattle aged 24-32 months and growing cattle aged 18-24 months, the method provided by the present invention has more significant effects.

[0019] According to the present invention, preferably, when the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 15-28 wt% of whole-plant silage, 6-10 wt% of hay, 4-5.5 wt% of corn flour, 3-5 wt% of soybean cake, 0.7-0.9 wt% of baking soda, 0.2-0.5 wt% of salt and 40-55 wt% of corn distillers wet grains. For feeder cattle, this method has better effects.

[0020] According to the present invention, preferably, when the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed further contains 8-10 wt% of tofu dregs. Tofu dregs refer to the by-products produced during the manufacture of tofu, also known as bean dregs, and tofu dregs contain certain proteins, fibers and other nutrients.

[0021] According to the present invention, preferably, based on the total weight of the tofu dregs, the mass content of water in the tofu dregs is 85-90 wt%.

[0022] According to the present invention, preferably, when the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 18-27 wt% of whole-plant silage, 8-10 wt% of hay, 4-8 wt% of corn flour, 3-5 wt% of soybean cake, 0.7-0.8 wt% of baking soda, 8-10 wt% of tofu dregs, 0.2-0.5 wt% of salt and 40-55 wt% of corn distillers wet grains.

[0023] According to the present invention, preferably, the cattle are growing cattle, and the cattle feed contains 25-30wt% whole plant silage, 5-13wt% hay, 7-9wt% cornmeal, 2-5wt% bean cake, 0.85-1wt% baking soda, 0.2-0.4wt% salt and 45-55wt% corn alcohol wet grains, based on the total weight of the cattle feed. For growing cattle, this method has better effect.

[0024] According to the present invention, preferably, the cattle are growing cattle, and the growing cattle feed contains 25-30wt% whole plant silage, 8-13% hay, 7-9wt% cornmeal, 3-3.5wt% bean cake, 0.9-1wt% baking soda, 0.2-0.3wt% salt and 45-55wt% corn alcohol wet grains, based on the total weight of the growing cattle feed.

[0025] According to the present invention, preferably, the amount of the cattle feed is 20-30 kg / day for every 500 kg of cattle body weight.

[0026] The present invention has no particular limitation on the specific feeding method of the feed, and a conventional feeding method can be adopted. For example, after mixing the components, the feed can be fed twice a day, at 5 am and 17 pm, respectively, with an interval of 12 hours to ensure that the beef cattle fully ruminate.

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples.

[0028] In the following examples and comparative examples, based on the total weight of the whole-plant corn silage, the mass content of water in the whole-plant corn silage is 65wt%; based on the total weight of the bean cake, the mass content of water in the bean cake is 10wt%; based on the total weight of the bean curd dregs, the mass content of water in the bean curd dregs is 90wt%; based on the total weight of the corn flour, the mass content of water in the corn flour is 11wt%; based on the total weight of the hay, the mass content of water in the hay is 11wt%.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 27wt% whole plant silage, 10wt% hay, 8wt% cornmeal, 10wt% bean curd residue, 3.7wt% bean cake, 0.8wt% baking soda, 0.5wt% salt and 40wt% corn alcohol wet grains.

[0031] The mass content of water in the corn alcohol wet grains is 65wt% based on the total weight of the corn alcohol wet grains.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 24.5 wt% whole-plant silage, 9 wt% hay, 5.5 wt% corn flour, 10 wt% tofu dregs, 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 wt% baking soda, 0.3 wt% salt, and 45 wt% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS).

[0034] In the wet distillers grains with solubles, based on the total weight of the wet distillers grains with solubles, the mass content of water in the wet distillers grains with solubles is 68 wt%.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 19.5 wt% whole-plant silage, 8.2 wt% hay, 4.9 wt% corn flour, 8.2 wt% tofu dregs, 3.3 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 wt% baking soda, 0.2 wt% salt, and 55 wt% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS).

[0037] In the wet distillers grains with solubles, based on the total weight of the wet distillers grains with solubles, the mass content of water in the wet distillers grains with solubles is 70 wt%.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 32 wt% whole-plant silage, 11 wt% hay, 10 wt% corn flour, 3 wt% tofu dregs, 10 wt% soybean cake, 0.4 wt% baking soda, 0.7 wt% salt, and 32.9 wt% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS).

[0040] In the wet distillers grains with solubles, based on the total weight of the wet distillers grains with solubles, the mass content of water in the wet distillers grains with solubles is 68 wt%.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 9 wt% whole-plant silage, 4 wt% hay, 4 wt% corn flour, 7 wt% tofu dregs, 1 wt% soybean cake, 1.1 wt% baking soda, 0.1 wt% salt, and 73.8 wt% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS).

[0043] In the wet distillers grains with solubles, based on the total weight of the wet distillers grains with solubles, the mass content of water in the wet distillers grains with solubles is 68 wt%.

[0044] Test Example 1

[0045] Take a number of feeder cattle aged about 24 - 32 months (with similar initial weights), group them into groups of 15 each, and feed each group with the mixed feed of each of the above examples or comparative examples. The specific feeding method is as follows: Based on the weight of the cattle, the amount of feed used is 28 kg / day; and feed once at 5 am and once at 5 pm respectively. After feeding for 64 days like this, the calculated daily weight gain is shown in Table 1. The calculation method for the daily weight gain per head is: (total weight of the cattle in the group after 64 days - total weight of the cattle in the group initially) / (number of cattle in the group × 64 days).

[0046] Table 1

[0047] Feed Daily weight gain per head (kg) Example 1 1.2 Example 2 1.4 Example 3 1.5 Comparative Example 1 0.8 Comparative Example 2 0.95

[0048] Moreover, based on the unit price of whole - plant silage being 0.4 yuan / kg, hay being 0.3 yuan / kg, corn flour being 2.8 yuan / kg, soybean cake being 5.6 yuan / kg, baking soda being 3.6 yuan / kg, salt being 0.1 yuan / kg, corn distillers wet grains being 0.78 yuan / kg, and tofu dregs being 0.24 yuan / kg, the cost of the meat - producing feed in Examples 1 - 3 (calculation method: total feed cost for 64 days / total weight gain in 64 days) is about 18 - 25 yuan / kg. For conventional feeds, such as those containing corn (content generally 60 - 68 wt%), barley (content generally 8 - 10 wt%), wheat bran (content generally 12 - 16 wt%), rapeseed meal (content generally 8 - 12 wt%), and vitamins (content generally 0.5 - 1.2 wt%), the cost of the meat - producing feed is generally about 35 - 40 yuan / kg. And compared with this kind of conventional feed, adopting the solution provided by the present invention (such as Examples 1 - 3), the cost required for each ton of cattle - raising feed is reduced by about 1500 - 2500 yuan.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] Based on the total weight of the cattle - raising feed, the cattle - raising feed contains 30 wt% of whole - plant silage, 12.7 wt% of hay, 8 wt% of corn flour, 3 wt% of soybean cake, 1.0 wt% of baking soda, 0.3 wt% of salt, and 45 wt% of corn distillers wet grains.

[0051] In the corn distillers wet grains, based on the total weight of the corn distillers wet grains, the mass content of water is 68 wt%.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] Based on the total weight of the cattle - raising feed, the cattle - raising feed contains 27 wt% of whole - plant silage, 10 wt% of hay, 8.8 wt% of corn flour, 3 wt% of soybean cake, 0.95 wt% of baking soda, 0.25 wt% of salt, and 50 wt% of corn distillers wet grains.

[0054] In wet corn distillers grains, based on the total weight of the wet corn distillers grains, the mass content of water in the wet corn distillers grains is 65 wt%.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] Based on the total weight of the beef cattle feed, the beef cattle feed contains 25 wt% whole-plant silage, 8 wt% hay, 7.5 wt% corn flour, 3.3 wt% soybean cake, 0.98 wt% baking soda, 0.22 wt% salt, and 55 wt% wet corn distillers grains.

[0057] In wet corn distillers grains, based on the total weight of the wet corn distillers grains, the mass content of water in the wet corn distillers grains is 70 wt%.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] Based on the total weight of the beef cattle feed, the beef cattle feed contains 35 wt% whole-plant silage, 17.6 wt% hay, 6 wt% corn flour, 10 wt% soybean cake, 0.5 wt% baking soda, 0.9 wt% salt, and 30 wt% wet corn distillers grains.

[0060] In wet corn distillers grains, based on the total weight of the wet corn distillers grains, the mass content of water in the wet corn distillers grains is 65 wt%.

[0061] Comparative Example 4

[0062] Based on the total weight of the beef cattle feed, the beef cattle feed contains 19.8 wt% whole-plant silage, 4 wt% hay, 9 wt% corn flour, 1 wt% soybean cake, 1.1 wt% baking soda, 0.1 wt% salt, and 65 wt% wet corn distillers grains.

[0063] In wet corn distillers grains, based on the total weight of the wet corn distillers grains, the mass content of water in the wet corn distillers grains is 65 wt%.

[0064] Test Example 2

[0065] Take a number of growing cattle aged 18 - 24 months (with similar initial weights), group them into groups of 15 each, and feed each group with the mixed feed of Examples 4 - 6 or Comparative Examples 3 - 4. The specific feeding method is as follows: Based on the weight of the cattle, the amount of feed used is 22 kg / day; and it is fed once at 5 am and once at 5 pm. After feeding for 64 days, the calculated daily weight gain is shown in Table 2. The calculation method for the daily weight gain per head is: (total weight of the cattle in the group after 64 days - initial weight of the cattle in the group) / (number of cattle in the group × 64 days).

[0066] Table 2

[0067] Feed Daily weight gain (kg) Example 4 1.49 Example 5 1.3 Example 6 1.4 Comparative Example 3 0.98 Comparative Example 4 0.7

[0068] Moreover, according to the unit price and calculation method in Test Example 1, the meat production feed cost in Examples 4-6 is 11-20 yuan / kg. For another common and conventional feed, such as containing corn (generally 70-75 wt%), soybean meal (generally 20-25 wt%), salt (generally 0.8-1.5 wt%), and sodium bicarbonate (generally 1-2 wt%), the meat production feed cost is generally about 25-30 yuan / kg. And relative to this conventional feed, by adopting the solution provided by the present invention (such as Examples 4-6), the cost required for each ton of beef cattle feed is reduced by about 1400-1800 yuan.

[0069] From the above results, it can be seen that by adopting the method provided by the present invention, it can fully meet the nutrition required by cattle, and at the same time, it can improve the weight gain rate of cattle at a lower cost; meanwhile, it fully utilizes the nutrition in corn ethanol distillers wet grains and reduces the production cost in the biomass alcohol production process, which has more economic benefits for enterprises.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including any other suitable combination of each technical feature. These simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of corn ethanol wet distillers grains in increasing the weight gain rate of cattle, characterized in that, The corn ethanol wet distillers grains are used as a component of the cattle feed. Based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 15 - 30 wt% whole-plant silage, 5 - 14 wt% hay, 4 - 9 wt% corn flour, 2 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 - 1.2 wt% baking soda, 0.15 - 0.5 wt% salt, and 40 - 55 wt% corn ethanol wet distillers grains.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein, In the said corn ethanol wet distillers grains, based on the total weight of the corn ethanol wet distillers grains, the mass content of water in the corn ethanol wet distillers grains is 65 - 70 wt%.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The whole-plant silage is whole-plant corn silage; And / or, based on the total weight of the whole-plant silage, the mass content of water in the whole-plant silage is 62 - 68 wt%; And / or, based on the total weight of the soybean cake, the mass content of water in the soybean cake is 8 - 12 wt%.

4. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The cattle are feeder cattle and / or growing cattle.

5. The use according to claim 4, wherein, When the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 15 - 28 wt% whole-plant silage, 6 - 10 wt% hay, 4 - 5.5 wt% corn flour, 3 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 - 0.9 wt% baking soda, 0.2 - 0.5 wt% salt, and 40 - 55 wt% corn ethanol wet distillers grains.

6. The use according to claim 5, wherein, When the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed further contains 8 - 10 wt% tofu dregs; Preferably, based on the total weight of the tofu dregs, the mass content of water in the tofu dregs is 85 - 90 wt%.

7. The use according to claim 5, wherein, When the cattle are feeder cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 18 - 27 wt% whole-plant silage, 8 - 10 wt% hay, 4 - 8 wt% corn flour, 3 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.7 - 0.8 wt% baking soda, 8 - 10 wt% tofu dregs, 0.2 - 0.5 wt% salt, and 40 - 55 wt% corn ethanol wet distillers grains.

8. The use according to claim 4, wherein, When the cattle are growing cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 25 - 30 wt% whole-plant silage, 5 - 13 wt% hay, 7 - 9 wt% corn flour, 2 - 5 wt% soybean cake, 0.85 - 1 wt% baking soda, 0.2 - 0.4 wt% salt, and 45 - 55 wt% corn ethanol wet distillers grains.

9. The use according to claim 8, wherein, When the cattle are growing cattle, based on the total weight of the cattle feed, the cattle feed contains 25 - 30 wt% whole-plant silage, 8 - 13% hay, 7 - 9 wt% corn flour, 3 - 3.5 wt% soybean cake, 0.9 - 1 wt% baking soda, 0.2 - 0.3 wt% salt, and 45 - 55 wt% corn ethanol wet distillers grains.

10. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Relative to the weight of the cattle, the dosage of the cattle feed is 20 - 30 kg / day.