Lightning protection system for environment monitoring station and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning protection system for an environment monitoring station and a use method of the lightning protection system, and relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and the system comprises a multi-stage composite grounding module, an intelligent energy distribution module, a lightning current monitoring module, a surge protection module and a grounding impedance optimization module. Comprising a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body and a deeply-buried grounding electrode, the grounding resistance can be remarkably reduced, the lightning current leading-in efficiency can be improved, when lightning current passes through, the multi-stage grounding structure can effectively disperse the current, overload of a single grounding body is avoided, and meanwhile the grounding resistance of the grounding body is improved. The intelligent energy distribution module can dynamically adjust a current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies according to the magnitude of lightning current, ensures that the deeply-buried grounding electrode is preferentially conducted under the condition of strong lightning stroke, starts a parallel discharge mode of the main grounding body and the auxiliary grounding body under the condition of weak lightning stroke, and guarantees the safe operation of the environment monitoring station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and specifically to a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] As an important facility for environmental protection, the environmental monitoring station undertakes the task of real-time monitoring of environmental elements such as atmosphere, water quality, and soil. However, since environmental monitoring stations are usually located in the wild or on the outskirts of the city, these areas are often vulnerable to the threat of lightning strikes. Lightning strikes may not only directly damage the equipment of the monitoring station, resulting in data loss or false alarms, but also trigger safety accidents such as fires, posing a serious threat to the environment and personal safety. Therefore, how to provide effective lightning protection for environmental monitoring stations to ensure their stable operation and data security has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0003] Currently, in the existing lightning protection technologies, on the one hand, only a single grounding body or grounding grid is adopted, which cannot effectively cope with complex geological conditions and different intensities of lightning strikes. When facing areas with high soil resistivity, a single grounding body is difficult to reduce the grounding resistance to an ideal level, resulting in low efficiency of guiding lightning current into the ground. A large amount of lightning current remains in the monitoring station, generating too high induced voltage and damaging the equipment. On the other hand, in terms of energy distribution and coordinated control, the existing lightning protection systems lack an intelligent regulation mechanism, cannot real-time monitor the amplitude of the lightning current and dynamically adjust the lightning current discharge strategy of the grounding body according to its magnitude, and it is also difficult to achieve effective coordination with the surge protection device, causing resource waste and making it difficult to ensure the lowest impedance lightning current discharge path under various working conditions.

[0004] In summary, the existing lightning protection systems for environmental monitoring stations have obvious deficiencies in the aspects of grounding method, energy distribution, and grounding impedance optimization, and cannot meet the high requirements of current environmental monitoring stations for lightning protection safety and reliability. There is an urgent need for an innovative lightning protection system that can solve the above problems, improve the stability and safety of environmental monitoring stations in a lightning environment, and ensure the continuous and accurate progress of monitoring work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology, and provide a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station and its usage method. It can upgrade the traditional single grounding body to a multi-level grounding structure including a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body, and a deep-buried grounding electrode by introducing a multi-stage composite grounding module, can significantly reduce the grounding resistance, improve the guiding efficiency of the lightning current, and can dynamically adjust the current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies according to the magnitude of the lightning current to ensure the stable operation of the lightning protection system under different lightning strike conditions.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: On the one hand, a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station, the system comprising: a multi-stage composite grounding module, an intelligent energy distribution module, a lightning current monitoring module, a surge protection module, and a grounding impedance optimization module; The multi-stage composite grounding module includes a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body, and a deep-buried grounding electrode. Among them, the main grounding body is buried around the monitoring station, the auxiliary grounding body is connected to the main grounding body through a wire, and the deep-buried grounding electrode is buried underground in the monitoring station; The lightning current detection module monitors the amplitude of the lightning current in real time and sends the collected data to the intelligent energy distribution module for processing, providing data support for the intelligent energy distribution module; The intelligent energy distribution module receives the lightning current amplitude in real time and calculates the transient current-carrying capacity of each grounding body. The transient current-carrying capacities of each grounding body are respectively where is the lightning current amplitude, is the transient current-carrying capacity of the main grounding body, is the transient current-carrying capacity of the auxiliary grounding body, is the transient current-carrying capacity of the deep-buried grounding electrode, , , are respectively the current-carrying coefficients of the main grounding body, the auxiliary grounding body, and the deep-buried grounding electrode, , , are respectively the current-carrying exponents of the main grounding body, the auxiliary grounding body, and the deep-buried grounding electrode, reflecting the characteristics of the current-carrying capacity changing with the lightning current amplitude, and selecting the optimal grounding body combination for discharging according to the calculation results using the IGBT controller; The surge protection module includes a plurality of surge protection devices SPD, which can dynamically adjust the clamping voltage of the surge protection device SPD under different lightning current intensities; The grounding impedance optimization module is used to optimize the grounding network impedance in real time, so that the lightning current is introduced into the ground with the least resistance, and provides stable grounding protection for the lightning protection system by monitoring and dynamically adjusting the impedance of each grounding body and the connecting line in real time.

[0007] Furthermore, the lightning current detection module includes a sensor unit and a data transmission unit, where: The sensor unit collects the amplitude of the lightning current in real time ; The data transmission unit receives the sensor data, analyzes and processes it, and generates a transmission signal to be transmitted to the intelligent energy distribution module.

[0008] Further, the intelligent energy distribution module includes a real-time monitoring and calculation unit and an IGBT controller, where: The real-time monitoring and calculation unit receives the lightning current amplitude and calculates the transient current-carrying capacity of each grounding electrode; The IGBT controller dynamically adjusts the current distribution strategy between different grounding electrodes according to the magnitude of the lightning current, ensuring that the deep-buried grounding electrode is preferentially turned on under strong lightning strike conditions, and the parallel current discharge mode of the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode is enabled under weak lightning strike conditions.

[0009] Further, the IGBT controller selects a combination of grounding electrodes for current discharge according to the transient current-carrying capacity of each grounding electrode, sets the current assigned to the main grounding electrode as the current of the auxiliary grounding electrode as the current of the deep-buried grounding electrode as and where: When it is judged as a strong lightning strike condition, the deep-buried grounding electrode is preferentially turned on, and the current is proportionally distributed according to the current-carrying capacity of each grounding electrode, that is , , ; When it is judged as a weak lightning strike condition, the parallel current discharge mode of the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode is enabled. At this time, the current of the deep-buried grounding electrode , and are also proportionally distributed with current, that is , .

[0010] Further, the grounding impedance optimization module includes a distributed impedance monitoring unit and an edge computing unit, where: The distributed impedance monitoring unit, as the front-end sensing part of the grounding impedance optimization module, is deployed at each node of the system, including the connection points and line points of the main grounding electrode, the auxiliary grounding electrode, and the deep-buried grounding electrode, and uses high-frequency injection resistance measurement technology to accurately measure the grounding impedance of each node; The edge computing unit ensures that the lowest impedance path is automatically selected during lightning current discharge by dynamically adjusting the connection topology between the main grounding electrode, the auxiliary grounding electrode, and the deep-buried grounding electrode.

[0011] Further, the high-frequency injection resistance measurement technology in the distributed impedance monitoring unit injects a high-frequency signal with a known frequency and amplitude into the grounding network, measures the voltage response at this node, and according to Calculate the preliminary measured value of the grounding impedance, where, is the high-frequency current injected and the voltage amplitude measured at the node after that. Due to the influence of electromagnetic coupling on the grounding network, the preliminary measured value is corrected to obtain the corrected grounding impedance . is the coupling coefficient between the node and other nodes , and . is the node and the distance between them. is the grounding system coefficient, is the vacuum permeability, is the induced voltage generated at the node after injecting high-frequency current into other nodes. The corrected and measured data are transmitted to the edge computing unit in real time to provide a data basis for topology optimization.

[0012] Furthermore, the edge computing unit receives the corrected grounding impedance and minimizes the total grounding impedance through iteration and update, where, represents the connection topology, represents the th connection state, is the number of nodes in the grounding network, that is, the total number of nodes of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body, and deep-buried grounding electrode nodes, is the corrected grounding impedance of the th node when the connection topology is , is the weight coefficient of the grounding impedance of the th node and . The iterative process is as follows: Find the optimal connection topology through continuous iteration. In each iteration, a new candidate connection topology is generated and it is judged whether to accept this new topology, that is, a new candidate connection topology is generated from the current connection topology . By changing the connection state between grounding bodies in, calculate the difference of the objective function. When , it means that the total grounding impedance corresponding to the new connection topology is smaller, and the new topology is directly accepted, that is, . When , continue to iterate until the maximum number of iterations N is reached. At this time, This is the optimal connection topology found.

[0013] On the other hand, a method for using a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station, the specific steps of this method are as follows: S100. Initialize the system settings to determine the positions and connection methods of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body, and deep-buried grounding electrode; S200. Real-time collect the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the lightning current, analyze and process the collected data, and generate a transmission signal; S300. Receive the transmission signal, collect the lightning current amplitude in the transmission signal and calculate the transient current-carrying capacity of each grounding body. According to the calculation results, dynamically adjust the current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies in combination with the magnitude of the lightning current; S400. Dynamically adjust the clamping voltage of the surge protection device SPD according to the lightning current intensity information; S500. Real-time monitor the grounding impedance of each node of the multi-stage grounding system and correct the measured values.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, this lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station and its usage method have the following beneficial effects: First, by introducing a multi-stage composite grounding module, the present invention upgrades the traditional single grounding body to a multi-level grounding structure including a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body, and a deep-buried grounding electrode. This design can significantly reduce the grounding resistance and improve the lightning current introduction efficiency. Specifically, when the lightning current passes through, the multi-stage grounding structure can effectively disperse the current and avoid overloading of a single grounding body. Especially in areas with high soil resistivity, its lower grounding resistance can more efficiently introduce the lightning current into the ground and reduce damage to ground equipment. In addition, the intelligent energy distribution module can dynamically adjust the current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies according to the magnitude of the lightning current, ensuring that the deep-buried grounding electrode is preferentially conducted under strong lightning strike conditions and enabling the parallel current discharge mode of the main grounding body and the auxiliary grounding body under weak lightning strike conditions. Through this multi-level grounding structure and intelligent energy distribution mechanism, the reliability and stability of the entire lightning protection system have been greatly improved, effectively ensuring the safe operation of the environmental monitoring station.

[0015] Second, through the grounding impedance optimization module using a distributed impedance monitoring unit and an edge computing unit, the present invention can real-time monitor the impedance of each node of the grounding network and ensure that the lowest impedance path is always selected during lightning current discharge by dynamically adjusting the connection topology between grounding bodies. At the same time, the lightning current monitoring module provides data support for the intelligent energy distribution module and the surge protection module, enabling the surge protection module to dynamically adjust the clamping voltage according to the lightning current intensity. This efficient collaborative working mechanism not only improves the overall performance of the lightning protection system but also enhances the reliability and stability of the system, reduces the maintenance cost and time, and provides strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the environmental monitoring station.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be elaborated to some extent in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the examination of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a process diagram of the lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station; Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the usage method of the lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention objective, the following will, in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments, describe in detail the specific embodiments, structures, features, and their effects of the present invention as follows.

[0020] Embodiment 1 This embodiment focuses on a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station, and elaborates in detail the working principles, operation processes, and mutual cooperation mechanisms of each module of the lightning protection system. As Figure 1 shown, by constructing a multi-level composite grounding module, an intelligent energy distribution module, a lightning current monitoring module, a surge protection module, and a grounding impedance optimization module, comprehensive and efficient lightning protection for the environmental monitoring station is achieved.

[0021] In the specific implementation process, the multi-level composite grounding module includes a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body, and a deep-buried grounding electrode. The main grounding body is buried around the monitoring station. As the basic part of the grounding system, it is responsible for initially collecting and conducting lightning current; the auxiliary grounding body is connected to the main grounding body through a wire to form a wider grounding network, increasing the grounding area and assisting the main grounding body in sharing the lightning current; the deep-buried grounding is vertically buried deep underground in the monitoring station. Since the resistivity of the deep soil is less affected by surface environmental changes, it is relatively stable and low. The deep-buried grounding electrode can effectively utilize this characteristic to further reduce the resistance of the entire grounding system and provide an efficient discharge channel for the lightning current, thus constructing the basic framework of the lightning protection system.

[0022] The lightning current monitoring module consists of a sensor unit and a data transmission unit. The sensor unit uses a Rogowski coil sensor, which works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It is installed at the entrance of the power line and communication line of the monitoring station. When the lightning current passes through the line, a changing magnetic field will be generated around the Rogowski coil. A voltage signal proportional to the rate of change of the lightning current will be induced in the Rogowski coil. The amplitude of the lightning current is obtained by detecting the voltage signal. The sensor unit has high sensitivity and fast response characteristics and can capture changes in lightning current in real time. The data transmission unit is connected to the sensor unit and is responsible for receiving the analog signal collected by the sensor. First, the analog signal is filtered to remove noise interference in the line to ensure the accuracy of the data. Then, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data during transmission. Finally, the processed transmission signal is sent to the intelligent energy distribution module through optical fiber transmission.

[0023] The intelligent energy distribution module includes a real-time monitoring and calculation unit and an IGBT controller. The real-time monitoring and calculation unit continuously receives the lightning current amplitude from the lightning current monitoring module. , the current carrying coefficient of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body and deep buried grounding electrode , , And the current index , , The real-time monitoring and calculation unit calculates the lightning current amplitude according to these parameters. ,pass , , Calculate the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body. The IGBT controller obtains the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body and the lightning current amplitude based on the real-time monitoring and calculation unit. , dynamically adjust the current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies, when the lightning current amplitude When the condition is judged as a strong lightning strike, the IGBT controller will first conduct the leakage channel of the deeply buried grounding electrode. , , Distribute the current, so that the deeply buried grounding electrode can bear the main task of lightning current discharge, giving full play to its advantages in dealing with large current impact; when the lightning current amplitude is When it is judged as a weak lightning strike condition, the IGBT controller enables the parallel discharge mode of the main grounding body and the auxiliary grounding body. At this time, the deep buried grounding electrode current , and follow , Distribute the current and reasonably utilize the advantages of the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode being close to the monitoring station equipment to efficiently conduct small current into the earth while avoiding unnecessary conduction loss of the deeply buried grounding electrode.

[0024] The surge protection module is composed of multiple surge protection devices (SPDs), which are respectively installed on the power lines and communication lines inside the monitoring station. Each SPD has the function of dynamically adjusting the clamping voltage. When the intelligent energy distribution module determines the current current distribution strategy according to the lightning current amplitude, it transmits the lightning current intensity information to the surge protection module. The surge protection module dynamically adjusts the clamping voltage of each SPD according to the received lightning current intensity information. When the lightning current amplitude is low, the clamping voltage is appropriately reduced to ensure that within the normal working voltage fluctuation range, the SPD can effectively suppress small surge voltages at the same time. As the lightning current amplitude increases, the clamping voltage is correspondingly increased to ensure that in the case of strong lightning strikes, the SPD can respond quickly and limit the line voltage within a safe range to prevent excessive voltage from damaging the monitoring station equipment. Through this way of dynamically adjusting the clamping voltage, the surge protection module works in coordination with other modules to provide comprehensive overvoltage protection for the monitoring station equipment.

[0025] The grounding impedance optimization module consists of a distributed impedance monitoring unit and an edge computing unit. The distributed impedance monitoring unit is deployed at each node where the intelligent energy distribution module distributes strong lightning currents, including the connection points and key positions of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body, and deeply buried grounding electrodes, and the lines. It uses high-frequency injection type resistance measurement technology to inject a high-frequency signal with a known frequency and amplitude into the grounding network. At each node, the voltage response generated after injecting the high-frequency signal is measured , and according to , the preliminary measured value of the grounding impedance is calculated. Since there is electromagnetic coupling between the grounding bodies in the grounding network, which will affect the measurement result, it is necessary to correct the preliminary measured value . According to , where is the coupling coefficient between node and other nodes , is the distance between node and , is the coefficient of the grounding body, is the vacuum permeability, is the induced voltage generated at node after injecting high-frequency current by other nodes. The corrected grounding impedance data is transmitted to the edge computing unit in real time. The edge computing unit receives the corrected grounding impedance transmitted by the distributed impedance monitoring unit and performs iterative calculation with the goal of minimizing the total grounding impedance . Among them, represents the connection topology, Represents the th connection state, is the number of nodes in the grounding network, that is, the total number of nodes of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body and deep buried grounding electrode, is when the connection topology is the th node's corrected grounding impedance, is the th node's grounding impedance weight coefficient and , during the iteration process, starting from the current connection topology , a new candidate connection topology is generated by changing the connection state between the grounding bodies, and the difference of the objective function is calculated. When , it means that the total grounding impedance corresponding to the new connection topology is smaller, and the new topology is directly accepted, that is ; when , continuous iteration is carried out until the maximum number of iterations is reached. At this time, is the optimal connection topology found. By continuously adjusting the connection topology between the grounding bodies, it is ensured that the lowest impedance path is automatically selected during lightning current discharge, improving the reliability and lightning protection performance of the grounding system.

[0026] In summary, this embodiment details the actual application process of a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station. Through the close cooperation of the multi-stage composite grounding module, intelligent energy distribution module, lightning current monitoring module, surge protection module and grounding impedance optimization module, accurate monitoring, intelligent distribution and efficient discharge of lightning current are realized. At the same time, the grounding impedance is effectively optimized to ensure the reasonable response of the surge protection device. This lightning protection system can dynamically adjust the working mode according to different intensities of lightning, adapt to complex geological conditions and changing lightning environments, provide comprehensive and reliable lightning protection for the environmental monitoring station, significantly improve the lightning protection performance and system stability, and reduce the risk of equipment damage and data loss caused by lightning strikes.

[0027] Embodiment 2 On the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for using a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station. As Figure 2 shown, the specific application steps of this method for using a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station are as follows: First, enter the system initialization stage (S100), perform initialization settings on the multi-stage composite grounding module, intelligent energy distribution module, lightning current monitoring module, surge protection module and grounding impedance optimization module, determine the positions and connection methods of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body and deep buried grounding electrode, and set the initial parameters of each module.

[0028] Then, enter the real-time lightning current monitoring stage (S200). The lightning current monitoring module starts to work. The sensor unit collects the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the lightning current in real time. The data transmission unit analyzes and processes the collected data and generates a transmission signal to be transmitted to the intelligent energy distribution module. At the same time, the sensor unit continuously monitors the lightning current to ensure timely capture of changes in lightning activities.

[0029] Subsequently, enter the intelligent energy distribution and grounding control stage (S300). The real-time monitoring and calculation unit of the intelligent energy distribution module receives the data transmitted from the lightning current monitoring module, collects the lightning current amplitude and calculates the transient current-carrying capacity of each grounding electrode. The IGBT controller dynamically adjusts the current distribution strategy between different grounding electrodes according to the calculation results in combination with the magnitude of the lightning current.

[0030] Secondly, enter the surge protection adjustment stage (S400). The surge protection module dynamically adjusts the clamping voltage of multiple surge protection devices SPD according to the lightning current intensity information transmitted from the intelligent energy distribution module to ensure effective suppression of the surge voltage under different lightning current intensities and protect the monitoring station equipment from overvoltage damage.

[0031] Finally, enter the surge protection adjustment stage (S500). The distributed impedance monitoring unit uses the high-frequency injection resistance measurement technology to monitor the grounding impedance of each node of the multi-stage grounding system in real time and corrects the measured value for temperature. The edge computing unit receives the corrected grounding impedance data and dynamically adjusts the connection topology between the main grounding electrode, the auxiliary grounding electrode and the deep-buried grounding electrode to ensure automatic selection of the lowest impedance path during lightning discharge. During the entire lightning protection process, steps S200 - S500 are continuously looped to respond to lightning activities in real time.

[0032] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to form an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station, characterized in that: The system consists of: multi-level composite grounding module, intelligent energy distribution module, lightning current monitoring module, surge protection module and grounding impedance optimization module; The multi-level composite grounding module includes a main grounding body, an auxiliary grounding body and a deep-buried grounding electrode, wherein the main grounding body is buried around the monitoring station, the auxiliary grounding body is connected to the main grounding body through a wire, and the deep-buried grounding electrode is buried underground in the monitoring station; The lightning current detection module monitors the amplitude of the lightning current in real time , sending the collected data to the intelligent energy distribution module for processing, and providing data support for the intelligent energy distribution module; The intelligent energy distribution module receives the lightning current amplitude in real time And calculate the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body, the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body is respectively ,in is the lightning current amplitude, The transient current carrying capacity of the main grounding electrode. is the transient current carrying capacity of the auxiliary grounding body, is the transient current carrying capacity of the deeply buried grounding electrode, , , They are the current carrying coefficients of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body and deep buried grounding electrode respectively. , , The current carrying indexes of the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body and deep buried grounding electrode are respectively calculated, and the optimal grounding body combination is selected for current discharge using the IGBT controller according to the calculation results; The surge protection module includes a plurality of surge protection devices SPD, and can dynamically adjust the clamping voltage of the surge protection device SPD under different lightning current intensities; The grounding impedance optimization module is used to optimize the grounding network impedance in real time, so that the lightning current is introduced into the earth with minimal hindrance, and to provide stable grounding protection for the lightning protection system by real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the impedance of each grounding body and connecting line.

2. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning current detection module includes a sensor unit and a data transmission unit, wherein: The sensor unit collects the amplitude of the lightning current in real time ; The data transmission unit receives the sensor data, performs analysis and processing, and generates a transmission signal to transmit to the intelligent energy distribution module.

3. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent energy distribution module includes a real-time monitoring and calculation unit and an IGBT controller, wherein: The real-time monitoring and calculation unit receives the lightning current amplitude , and calculate the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body; The IGBT controller dynamically adjusts the current distribution strategy between different grounding electrodes according to the lightning current, ensuring that the deeply buried grounding electrode is preferentially turned on under strong lightning conditions, and the parallel discharge mode of the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode is enabled under weak lightning conditions.

4. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The IGBT controller selects a grounding body combination for current discharge according to the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body, and sets the current allocated to the main grounding body to , the current of the auxiliary grounding body is , the current of the deeply buried grounding electrode is ,and ,in: when When it is judged to be a strong lightning strike, the deeply buried grounding electrode is turned on first, and the current is distributed in proportion to the current carrying capacity of each grounding body, that is, , , ; when When it is judged as a weak lightning strike condition, the parallel discharge mode of the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode is enabled. At this time, the deep buried grounding electrode current , and The current is also distributed proportionally, that is, , .

5. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground impedance optimization module includes a distributed impedance monitoring unit and an edge computing unit, wherein: The distributed impedance monitoring unit, as the front-end sensing part of the ground impedance optimization module, is deployed at each node of the system, including the main grounding body, auxiliary grounding body, and the connection points and line points of the deeply buried grounding electrode, and adopts high-frequency injection resistance measurement technology to accurately measure the ground impedance of each node; The edge computing unit dynamically adjusts the connection topology between the main grounding body, the auxiliary grounding body and the deeply buried grounding electrode to ensure that the lowest impedance path is automatically selected during lightning discharge.

6. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-frequency injection resistance measurement technology in the distributed impedance monitoring unit injects a known frequency into the ground network. and amplitude The high frequency signal is used to measure the voltage response at the node. ,according to Calculate a preliminary measurement of ground impedance, where The high frequency current is injected After the node The measured voltage amplitude is affected by electromagnetic coupling factors on the grounding network, so the preliminary measurement value Correction is performed to obtain the corrected ground impedance , For Node With other nodes The coupling coefficient and , Is a node and The distance between is the grounding system coefficient, is the vacuum permeability, After injecting high frequency current into other nodes, The generated induced voltage transmits the corrected and measured data to the edge computing unit in real time, providing a data basis for topology optimization.

7. A lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge computing unit receives the corrected ground impedance , through iteration and updating, the total ground impedance The minimum, among which, Represents the connection topology, Representative connection status, is the number of nodes in the grounding network, that is, the total number of main grounding electrodes, auxiliary grounding electrodes and deep buried grounding electrodes. The connection topology is Time The corrected ground impedance of each node is: It is The weight coefficient of the ground impedance of each node is , the iterative process is: Find the optimal connection topology through continuous iteration , in each iteration, a new candidate connection topology is generated And determine whether to accept this new topology, that is, from the current connection topology Generate a new candidate connection topology , by changing The connection status between the grounding bodies in the middle and the difference of the objective function are calculated ,when When , it means that the total ground impedance corresponding to the new connection topology is smaller, and the new topology is directly accepted, that is, ,when , iterate continuously until the maximum number of iterations N is reached. This is the optimal connection topology found.

8. A method for using a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station, applicable to a lightning protection system for an environmental monitoring station according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of this method are: S100, initializing the system and determining the position and connection method of the main grounding body, the auxiliary grounding body and the deep buried grounding electrode; S200, collecting the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the lightning current in real time, analyzing and processing the collected data, and generating a transmission signal; S300, receiving the transmission signal, collecting the lightning current amplitude in the transmission signal and calculating the transient current carrying capacity of each grounding body, and dynamically adjusting the current distribution strategy between different grounding bodies according to the calculation results and the lightning current size; S400, dynamically adjust the clamping voltage of the surge protection device SPD according to the lightning current intensity information; S500, real-time monitoring of the grounding impedance of each node of the multi-level grounding system, and correction of the measured value.

Images