Moon base building photovoltaic integrated structure based on energy and heat comprehensive management

Abstract

The invention discloses a lunar base building photovoltaic integrated structure based on energy and heat comprehensive management, relates to the technical field of lunar environment control and electric energy, and solves the problems of overtemperature, temperature loss and difficult energy supply of a cabin of a lunar base. The system comprises a reflective thermal insulation layer, a photovoltaic panel, a thermoelectric power generation layer, a phase change heat storage layer and a sintered lunar soil layer, wherein the reflective thermal insulation layer, the photovoltaic panel, the thermoelectric power generation layer, the phase change heat storage layer and the sintered lunar soil layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the thermoelectric power generation layer comprises a plurality of thermoelectric generators; and a phase change heat storage material is arranged in the phase change heat storage layer. The self-adaptive thermal control system is constructed through the energy-thermal control deep coupling design, effective thermal management of the day and night extreme environment of the lunar base building is achieved, effective utilization of light energy is achieved through the photovoltaic panel and the thermoelectric generator, and the productivity burden of core power generation equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lunar environment control and electric energy technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic integrated structure of a lunar base building based on comprehensive energy and heat management. Background Art

[0002] Since the 21st century, aerospace countries around the world have successively launched deep space exploration development plans. The deep space exploration roadmap updated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 2006 shows that research on the lunar outpost will begin in 2018. In the Artemis program, it is proposed that a lunar base will be built as early as 2028. my country's Chang'e 5 has achieved lunar sample collection, which has significantly improved my country's understanding of the lunar environment and in-situ resources, and further improved the reliability of future manned lunar landings.

[0003] At present, China has proposed plans to build lunar bases such as Clover and China Star, but the temperature during the lunar day is as high as 120℃, and the temperature at night is as low as -180℃, forming periodic thermal shocks. Such extreme temperatures cause abnormal temperature in the cabin, resulting in the failure of astronauts' missions and equipment damage. Therefore, how to achieve temperature control during the lunar day and night has become one of the biggest problems in the development of astronauts' stationing. The environment on the moon is very different from that on the earth. This problem can be solved by active and passive heat dissipation technologies. Among them, active heat dissipation technologies include liquid cooling, flow boiling heat dissipation, spray cooling, etc., but active heat dissipation technologies involve complex control problems and are not suitable when there are few people on the moon. Similarly, passive thermal protection is inefficient and difficult to use further. Moreover, the thermal management method of lunar buildings is a typical energy-heat coupling system. If only temperature control is considered, it will inevitably lead to energy waste, the production capacity of the lunar base energy system is difficult, the power-to-weight ratio of the solar thermal power generation system is less than 20W / kg, and the fuel cell is limited by the life problem. Electricity cannot be over-consumed. It is not reasonable to consume electricity due to insufficient supply of heat or cold energy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of cabin overheating, hypothermia and energy supply difficulties in the lunar base, the present invention proposes a photovoltaic integrated structure of lunar base buildings based on comprehensive energy and heat management. The present invention constructs an adaptive thermal control system through deep coupling design of energy and thermal control, realizes effective thermal management of lunar base buildings in extreme day and night environments, uses photovoltaic panels and thermoelectric generators to achieve effective utilization of light energy, and reduces the production capacity burden of core power generation equipment.

[0005] The present invention provides a photovoltaic integrated structure for lunar base buildings based on energy and heat comprehensive management, which specifically includes a reflective heat insulation layer, a photovoltaic panel, a thermoelectric power generation layer, a phase change heat storage layer, and a sintered lunar soil layer. The reflective heat insulation layer, the photovoltaic panel, the thermoelectric power generation layer, the phase change heat storage layer, and the sintered lunar soil layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The thermoelectric power generation layer includes a number of thermoelectric generators. A phase change heat storage material is arranged in the phase change heat storage layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the solar light reflectivity of the reflective heat insulation layer is 0.8, and the hemispherical emissivity is 0.83.

[0007] Furthermore, the thickness of the reflective heat insulation layer is 1 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel uses a gallium arsenide solar cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the height of the thermoelectric generator is 2 mm, and both the length and width are 1 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the thermoelectric generator uses bismuth telluride semiconductor as the thermoelectric material.

[0011] Furthermore, the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material is 30 °C.

[0012] Furthermore, the unit area weight of the phase change heat storage material is not higher than 50 kg.

[0013] Furthermore, the phase change heat storage material is a mixture of paraffin and metal powder.

[0014] Furthermore, a heat conduction channel is arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the thermoelectric power generation layer.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the photovoltaic integrated structure for lunar base buildings based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to the present invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) For the photovoltaic integrated structure for lunar base buildings based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to the present invention, through the high-reflectivity interface of the reflective heat insulation layer, the bottleneck of the optical-thermal coupling imbalance in the traditional photovoltaic system is broken through, the heat reflectivity of the lunar surface solar radiation is increased to more than 82%, and the heat load of the photovoltaic panel is synchronously reduced, so that its photoelectric conversion efficiency is stabilized at 28%-30%.

[0017] (2) For the photovoltaic integrated structure for lunar base buildings based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to the present invention, thermoelectric generators are used, and through the day / night dual-mode operation strategy, dynamic matching of the temperature gradient (ΔT = 50 - 200 K adjustable) is achieved. Compared with the traditional single-stage thermoelectric power generation system, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by 40%-60% (the peak power density reaches 1.2 W / cm 2 ).

[0018] (3) The integrated building photovoltaic structure of the lunar base based on energy-thermal comprehensive management according to the present invention, the heat release of the phase change heat storage material drives the two-way thermoelectric generation mechanism, reconstructs the temperature field distribution, and can still maintain an effective temperature difference of ΔT≥80K in the extreme environment of -180°C at lunar night, realizing continuous power generation during the lunar night period, and the energy utilization rate is increased by 3.2 times compared with the traditional passive heat preservation scheme. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0020] In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the lunar day energy flow of the integrated building photovoltaic structure of the lunar base based on energy-thermal comprehensive management according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the lunar night energy flow of the integrated building photovoltaic structure of the lunar base based on energy-thermal comprehensive management according to the present invention;

[0023] Among them: 1 - reflective heat insulation layer, 2 - photovoltaic panel, 3 - thermoelectric generator, 4 - phase change heat storage material, 5 - sintered lunar soil layer, 6 - solar irradiation, 7 - space radiation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0028] Specific Embodiment 1: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 Specifically illustrate this embodiment. A photovoltaic integration structure of a lunar base building based on energy and heat comprehensive management described in this embodiment specifically includes a reflective heat insulation layer 1, a photovoltaic panel 2, a thermoelectric generation layer, a phase change heat storage layer, and a sintered lunar soil layer 5. The reflective heat insulation layer 1, the photovoltaic panel 2, the thermoelectric generation layer, the phase change heat storage layer, and the sintered lunar soil layer 5 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the thermoelectric generation layer includes a plurality of thermoelectric generators 3; a phase change heat storage material 4 is arranged in the phase change heat storage layer. The sintered lunar soil layer 5 can not only be used as a heat insulation layer but also as a structural layer to support the materials of the upper components.

[0029] The solar light reflectivity of the reflective heat insulation layer 1 is 0.8, the hemispherical emissivity is 0.83, and the thickness is 1 mm.

[0030] The photovoltaic panel 2 uses a gallium arsenide solar cell, and its energy conversion efficiency is as high as 30%, and its temperature is maintained below 80°C.

[0031] The height of the thermoelectric generator 3 is 2 mm, and both the length and width are 1 mm. The thermoelectric generator 3 uses bismuth telluride semiconductor as the thermoelectric material.

[0032] The phase change heat storage material 4 is a mixture of paraffin and metal powder to enhance the heat transfer coefficient. In order to reduce the weight of the heat storage material and reduce the burden of earth-moon transportation, the photovoltaic panel 2 and the thermoelectric generator 3 are used to consume heat, and the reflective heat insulation layer 1 is used to reduce the heat entering the system. After reflection and absorption, the weight of the phase change heat storage material 4 per unit area is not higher than 50 kg, and the phase change temperature is 30°C.

[0033] A heat conduction channel is arranged between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the thermoelectric generation layer.

[0034] Under the absorption, release, and heat insulation effects of the reflective heat insulation layer 1, photovoltaic panel 2, thermoelectric generator 3, phase change heat storage material 4, and sintered lunar soil layer 5, the temperature inside the lunar day cabin can be ensured not to exceed 30 °C, and the temperature inside the lunar night cabin is not lower than 15 °C. This reduces the working intensity of the environmental control equipment, realizes extreme thermal management during day and night while taking into account the generation of electrical energy, and reduces the burden on the core power generation equipment of the lunar base.

[0035] The specific working process of the integrated photovoltaic structure of the lunar base building based on energy-thermal comprehensive management described in the present invention is as follows:

[0036] During the lunar day operation stage, solar radiation is spectrally selectively regulated by the high-reflectivity interface on the surface of the reflective heat insulation layer 1, effectively reflecting the thermal energy radiation in the near-infrared band, and only allowing the visible light band to transmit to the photovoltaic panel 2 for photoelectric conversion. The unused residual heat energy is transferred downward through the thermally conductive microchannels to the gradient-arranged bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric generator 3. Utilizing the dynamic temperature gradient established between it and the phase change heat storage material 4, secondary thermoelectric conversion is achieved through the Seebeck effect; the phase change heat storage material 4 uses heat storage materials such as paraffin to absorb and store excess heat energy; finally, the remaining heat energy realizes the heat insulation and support function through the sintered lunar soil layer 5. By regulating the sintering process, a gradient thermal conductivity (0.05 - 0.15 W / m·K) is formed, and a temperature buffer zone is formed at the cabin interface. As Figure 1 Shown is the schematic diagram of the energy flow during the lunar day stage. In the figure, T0 is the temperature on the upper surface of the reflective heat insulation layer 1, T1 is the temperature on the lower surface of the reflective heat insulation layer 1, T2 is the temperature on the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel 2, T3 is the temperature on the upper surface of the thermoelectric generator 3, T4 is the temperature on the lower surface of the thermoelectric generator 3, T5 is the temperature on the upper surface of the phase change heat storage material 4, T6 is the temperature on the lower surface of the phase change heat storage material 4, and T7 is the temperature on the lower surface of the sintered lunar soil layer 5; during the lunar day stage, heat is transferred from the outside to the inside, and the temperature relationship at each place is T0 > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 > T6 > T7.

[0037] During the lunar night operation stage, the phase change heat storage material 4 starts the reverse heat release mode. The released latent heat simultaneously drives the thermoelectric generator 3 to perform reverse thermoelectric power generation through the bidirectional heat network, and forms a composite thermal resistance network with the reflective heat insulation layer 1 with an additional reflective film (emissivity ≤ 0.1) and the sintered lunar soil layer 5, so that the system heat dissipation rate drops to below 0.8 W / m 2 ·K, maintaining the thermal environment stability of the cabin for more than 300 hours. This integrated architecture improves the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system through a four-stage energy conversion path of photo-thermo-thermal storage-insulation. As Figure 2 Shown is the schematic diagram of the energy flow during the lunar night stage; during the lunar night stage, heat is transferred from the inside to the outside, and the temperature relationship at each place is T0 < T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 < T5 < T6 < T7.

[0038] Summarizing the above embodiments, for the integrated building photovoltaic structure of a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management of the present invention, the high reflectivity interface of the reflective heat insulation layer 1 breaks through the bottleneck of the optical-thermal coupling imbalance of the traditional photovoltaic system, raises the thermal reflectivity of the lunar surface solar radiation to over 82%, and simultaneously reduces the heat load of the photovoltaic panel 2, so that its photoelectric conversion efficiency is stabilized at 28%-30%. For the integrated building photovoltaic structure of a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management of the present invention, a thermoelectric generator 3 is adopted, and through the day / night dual-mode operation strategy, the dynamic matching of the temperature gradient (ΔT = 50-200K adjustable) is realized. Compared with the traditional single-stage thermoelectric generation system, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by 40%-60% (the peak power density reaches 1.2W / cm 2 ). For the integrated building photovoltaic structure of a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management of the present invention, the phase change heat storage material 4 releases heat to drive the bidirectional thermoelectric generation mechanism, reconstructs the temperature field distribution, and can still maintain an effective temperature difference of ΔT≥80K in the extreme environment of -180°C at night, realizing continuous power generation during the night period. Compared with the traditional passive heat preservation scheme, the energy utilization rate is increased by 3.2 times.

[0039] For the specific embodiments described above, the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention have been further described in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the invention. It can also be a reasonable combination of the features described in the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic integrated structure for a lunar base building based on energy and heat comprehensive management, characterized in that: It includes a reflective heat insulation layer (1), a photovoltaic panel (2), a thermoelectric power generation layer, a phase change heat storage layer, and a sintered lunar soil layer (5). The reflective heat insulation layer (1), the photovoltaic panel (2), the thermoelectric power generation layer, the phase change heat storage layer, and the sintered lunar soil layer (5) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The thermoelectric power generation layer includes a number of thermoelectric generators (3). A phase change heat storage material (4) is arranged in the phase change heat storage layer.

2. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar light reflectivity of the reflective heat insulation layer (1) is 0.8, and the hemispherical emissivity is 0.

83.

3. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the reflective heat insulation layer (1) is 1 mm.

4. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (2) uses a gallium arsenide solar cell.

5. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 1, wherein: The height of the thermoelectric generator (3) is 2 mm, and both the length and width are 1 mm.

6. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 5, wherein: The thermoelectric generator (3) uses bismuth telluride semiconductor as the thermoelectric material.

7. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 1, wherein: The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material (4) is 30 °C.

8. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The unit area weight of the phase change heat storage material (4) is not higher than 50 kg.

9. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 8, characterized in that: The phase change heat storage material (4) is a mixture of paraffin and metal powder.

10. The integrated building photovoltaic structure for a lunar base based on energy and heat comprehensive management according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat conduction channel is arranged between the photovoltaic panel (2) and the thermoelectric power generation layer.

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