Method for preparing foliar fertilizer from camellia oleifera residues

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of agricultural wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer by utilizing camellia oleifera residues. Fish bone meal, soybean meal and camellia oleifera residues are taken as raw materials, and the leaf fertilizer prepared from the camellia oleifera residues is prepared through the working procedures of hydrothermal reaction, pre-fermentation and secondary fermentation. The prepared foliar fertilizer can significantly improve the quality and yield of tomatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of agricultural waste, and particularly relates to a method for preparing foliar fertilizer by using camellia oleifera residue. Background Art

[0002] As a unique woody oil plant in China, the yield and quality of camellia oleifera oil are significantly affected by its own genetic characteristics and the external environment. The planting area of camellia oleifera in China has reached 3.82 million hectares, with an annual output of 2.16 million tons of camellia oleifera seeds. As a by-product of oil extraction, camellia oleifera residue accounts for as high as 60% - 70%, with an annual output of about 1.5 million tons. This huge output makes camellia oleifera residue a potential agricultural waste resource. The composition of camellia oleifera residue is complex and rich, and its main components include crude protein, crude fiber, tea saponin, tannin, and trace elements such as zinc, copper, and molybdenum. As a key active ingredient in camellia oleifera residue, tea saponin has significant antibacterial and insecticidal effects. There are many limitations in the traditional utilization methods of camellia oleifera residue. As a feed additive, the saponin and tannin components in camellia oleifera residue affect its palatability, and it needs to be detoxified before it can replace part of the soybean cake or wheat bran for the fattening pig feed. In terms of composting and organic fertilizers, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of camellia oleifera residue is low, the traditional composting cycle is long, and the functional components are not fully extracted. Although camellia oleifera residue can be used to make natural shampoo or as fuel, its calorific value is low and it is easy to produce soot pollution when burning. Compared with traditional fuels such as coal and wood, the fuel value of camellia oleifera residue is low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Preparing foliar fertilizer from camellia oleifera residue is an important way to realize its efficient resource utilization. Through the fermentation and extraction process, functional components such as tea saponin, tannin, and trace elements in camellia oleifera residue can be converted into foliar fertilizer with both nutritional and pest control functions. This process not only reduces environmental pollution caused by traditional incineration or landfill, but also significantly increases the added value of camellia oleifera residue. The research on preparing foliar fertilizer from camellia oleifera residue not only has important academic significance, but also promotes the green upgrading of the camellia oleifera industry. From an academic perspective, this technology realizes a closed loop of "waste - resource - economic value", providing new ideas for the resource utilization of agricultural waste. At the same time, by deeply exploring the component characteristics of camellia oleifera residue, the fermentation and extraction process, and the application effect of foliar fertilizer, this research provides a scientific basis and technical support for the high-value utilization of camellia oleifera residue.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for preparing foliar fertilizer by using camellia oleifera residue,

[0005] (1) Hydrothermal reaction: Take fish bone meal, soybean meal, and camellia oleifera residue and stir to obtain a camellia oleifera residue mixture, add water for hydrothermal reaction, and the resulting liquid is tea residue leaching slurry;

[0006] (2) Pre-fermentation: Actinomycete solution is added to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, followed by solid-liquid separation. The resulting liquid is the crude decomposed liquid of tea residue.

[0007] (3) Secondary fermentation: Seabuckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and the crude decomposed liquid of tea residue are stirred evenly, and a compound bacterial agent is added for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia residue.

[0008] Preferably, before the hydrothermal reaction, the oil-tea camellia residue is ground into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder for use.

[0009] Preferably, bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder are weighed according to the mass ratio of 0.5 - 4.5:5 - 15:100, stirred evenly to obtain an oil-tea camellia residue mixture.

[0010] Preferably, water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio of 5 - 65:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. The resulting liquid is the tea residue extraction slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature is 120 - 360 °C and the hydrothermal time is 0.5 - 6.5 hours.

[0011] Preferably, actinomycete solution is added to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, followed by solid-liquid separation. The resulting liquid is the crude decomposed liquid of tea residue, where the pre-fermentation time is 6 - 18 days and the fermentation temperature is 25 - 55 °C.

[0012] Preferably, the actinomycete is any one of Streptomyces microflavus var. lactosus, Streptomyces microflavus, Cellulomonas fimi, Clostridium thermocellum, Streptomyces albogriseolus, or Streptomyces vinaceus-drappus.

[0013] Preferably, seabuckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and the crude decomposed liquid of tea residue are mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.25 - 2.75:2 - 12:100, stirred evenly, and a compound bacterial agent is added for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia residue, where the fermentation temperature is 15 - 45 °C and the fermentation time is 5 - 15 days.

[0014] Preferably, the compound bacterial agent includes Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is any one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, or Paenibacillus validus; the Lactobacillus is any one of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, or Lactococcus lactis; and the photosynthetic bacteria are any one of Oscillochloris marina, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, or Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

[0015] Reaction mechanism of the present invention

[0016] Mix water and the mixture of oil-tea camellia residue. During the hydrothermal reaction process, the three substances in the raw materials interact and react with each other. The organic substances in the raw materials will undergo complex changes under hydrothermal conditions. The proteins in the raw materials experience denaturation and recombination during the hydrothermal reaction, forming new structures. The proteins in fish bone meal interact with the proteins in soybean meal to form a new network structure. The cellulose and hemicellulose in oil-tea camellia residue are degraded into sugar substances, and these sugar substances are further decomposed into various derivatives such as organic acids, phenols, and ketones through reactions such as isomerization, bond breakage, and dehydration. Add actinomycete liquid to the tea residue leaching pulp. Actinomycetes multiply rapidly under suitable conditions and secrete various enzymes through their metabolic activities, converting the macromolecular nutrients in the oil-tea camellia leaching pulp into small molecule substances for their further utilization. Actinomycetes can ferment using monosaccharides to produce organic acids, and these organic acids can increase the acidity of the oil-tea camellia leaching pulp. Actinomycetes can also convert phenolic and ketone compounds into other metabolites, and these conversions involve redox reactions, esterification reactions, etc. The metabolites produced by actinomycetes will interact with the proteins in the oil-tea camellia leaching pulp, affecting the structure and functional properties of the proteins. The interaction between the polyphenolic substances and proteins produced during the metabolism of actinomycetes will form new compounds. The protease secreted by actinomycetes hydrolyzes proteins into peptides and amino acids, and these small molecule substances can be further utilized by actinomycetes or used as fermentation products. Enzymes such as cellulase degrade polysaccharides into monosaccharides, and the monosaccharides can be fermented by actinomycetes to produce organic acids or other metabolites. Actinomycetes convert phenolic and ketone compounds into other metabolites through their metabolic pathways, involving redox reactions, esterification reactions, etc. Mix sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and the crude decomposition liquid of tea residue, and add a compound bacterial agent for secondary fermentation. The microorganisms in the compound bacterial agent interact with each other and synergistically affect the fermentation process, forming a postbiotic system in which bacteria, enzymes, and active factors coexist. Bacillus produces various enzymes during the fermentation process, and these enzymes can decompose the proteins and cellulose in the mixed solution into small molecule substances for further utilization by other microorganisms. Lactobacillus ferments sugar into lactic acid, reducing the pH value, increasing the acidity of the fermentation broth, and increasing the nutritional activity of the foliar fertilizer. The fermentation of Lactobacillus can also increase the flavonoid and polyphenol contents in sea buckthorn juice, improving its antioxidant activity. After fermentation, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total flavonoid content in sea buckthorn juice increase, showing strong antibacterial activity. Photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus participate synergistically in the conversion of phenolic substances, and these substances participate in antioxidant protection during the fermentation process.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention

[0018] The preparation process of the present invention is simple, and it can realize the further high-value utilization of the agricultural and sideline waste product, oil-tea camellia residue.

[0019] The present invention can convert oil-tea camellia residue into a highly efficient microbial fermentation foliar fertilizer through reasonable ingredient preparation, hydrothermal reaction and secondary fermentation processes. The prepared foliar fertilizer can significantly improve the quality and yield of tomatoes. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] Seabuckthorn juice: Inner Mongolia Yuhangren Sand Industry Co., Ltd., type: seabuckthorn fruit pulp (raw pulp);

[0022] Oil-tea camellia residue: Chuqing New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., type: mixture of oil-tea camellia residue and a small amount of oil-tea camellia shell;

[0023] Fish bone meal: Qingdao Bairen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., type: ordinary fish bone meal (made from the fish bones of marine or freshwater fish by drying and pulverizing, mainly used as a feed additive to supplement calcium and protein);

[0024] Soybean meal: Beijing Xipu Zhenghui Biological Feed Co., Ltd., type: ordinary soybean meal (the solid residue obtained after extracting soybean oil by pressing or leaching with soybeans as the raw material, usually light yellow or light brown in color, with a certain protein content and nutritional value).

[0025] Molasses fermentation liquid: The molasses fermentation liquid comes from Yantai Hongyuan Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd. The main indicators are N+P2O5+K2O≥60g / L, organic matter≥220g / L, humic acid≥50g / L (NY / T1106-2010), free amino acid≥20g / L, and polyglutamic acid≥20g / L.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0027] The oil-tea camellia residue is ground into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder. Fish bone powder, soybean meal and oil-tea camellia residue powder are weighed respectively according to the mass ratio of 0.5-4.5:5-15:100, and stirred evenly to obtain the oil-tea camellia residue mixture. Water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio of 5-65:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. The obtained liquid is the tea residue extraction slurry, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 120-360 °C and the hydrothermal time is 0.5-6.5 hours. Actinomycete liquid is added to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, and solid-liquid separation is carried out. The obtained liquid is the tea residue crude decomposition liquid, wherein the pre-fermentation time is 6-18 days, the fermentation temperature is 25-55 °C, and the actinomycete is any one of Streptomyces microflavus lactosus, Streptomyces microviridis, Cellulomonas fimi, Clostridium thermocellum, Streptomyces albogriseolus, Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus. Sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid and tea residue crude decomposition liquid are mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.25-2.75:2-12:100, stirred evenly, and a compound bacterial agent is added for secondary fermentation to obtain the foliar fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia residue, wherein the fermentation temperature is 15-45 °C and the fermentation time is 5-15 days. The compound bacterial agent includes Bacillus, Lactobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is any one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus validus; the Lactobacillus is any one of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis; the photosynthetic bacteria is any one of Oscillochloris aurantiaca, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

[0028] Example 1 Influence of the mass ratio of fish bone powder, soybean meal and oil-tea camellia residue powder on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0029] Grind the camellia oleifera residue into powder to obtain camellia oleifera residue powder. Weigh fish bone powder, soybean meal, and camellia oleifera residue powder respectively according to the mass ratios of 0.35:5:100, 0.4:5:100, 0.45:5:100, 0.5:3.5:100, 0.5:4:100, 0.5:4.5:100, 0.5:5:100, 2.5:5:100, 4.5:5:100, 0.5:10:100, 2.5:10:100, 4.5:10:100, 0.5:15:100, 2.5:15:100, 4.5:15:100, 4.5:17.5:100, 4.5:20:100, 4.5:22.5:100, 5:15:100, 5.5:15:100, 6:15:100, stir evenly to obtain the camellia oleifera residue mixture. Mix water and the camellia oleifera residue mixture according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 mL / g, stir evenly, and carry out a hydrothermal reaction. The resulting liquid is the tea residue extraction slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature is 120 °C and the hydrothermal time is 0.5 hours. Add actinomycete solution to the tea residue extraction slurry, carry out pre-fermentation, and perform solid-liquid separation. The resulting liquid is the crude tea residue decomposition liquid, where the fermentation time is 6 days, the fermentation temperature is 25 °C, and the actinomycete is Streptomyces microflavus var. lactosus (strain number: CGMCC 4.1007). Mix sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and the crude tea residue decomposition liquid according to a volume ratio of 0.25:2:100, stir evenly, add a composite microbial agent for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared from camellia oleifera residue, where the fermentation temperature is 15 °C and the fermentation time is 5 days. The composite microbial agent includes Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis (strain number: CGMCC 1.3358); the Lactobacillus is Lactobacillus casei (strain number: CGMCC 1.3206); the photosynthetic bacteria is Oscillochloris aurantiaca (strain number: DSM 635).

[0030] Tomato planting comparative experiment: Select two identical plots to plant tomatoes, namely Plot No. 1 and Plot No. 2. The tomato planting and plant protection processes are the same, and the growth cycle is two years. No foliar fertilizer is sprayed on Plot No. 1, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed on Plot No. 2 every ten days (the dosage of foliar fertilizer per mu of land is 1 kg, and it is used after being diluted 300 times with water). The total amount of tomatoes picked is counted during the entire picking period.

[0031] Detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity: The detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tomatoes is carried out according to the first method of GB / T 5009.171-2003.

[0032] Tomato yield increase rate: The difference between the total amount of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 2 and the total amount of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 1 is divided by the total amount of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 1 to obtain the tomato yield increase rate.

[0033] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increase rate: The SOD increase rate is obtained by dividing the difference between the SOD content of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 2 minus the SOD content of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 1 by the SOD content of tomatoes harvested from Plot No. 1.

[0034] The test results of this example are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Influence of mass ratios of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and camellia oil cake powder on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] As can be seen from Table 1, when the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder is less than 0.5:5:100 (as in Table 1, when the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder = 0.45:5:100, 0.4:5:100, 0.35:5:100, 0.5:4.5:100, 0.5:4:100, 0.5:3.5:100 and lower ratios not listed in Table 1), the addition of fish bone meal and soybean meal is less, and the three materials do not react sufficiently during the hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder decreases. When the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder is equal to 0.5 - 4.5:5 - 15:100 (as in Table 1, when the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder = 0.5:5:100, 2.5:5:100, 4.5:5:100, 0.5:10:100, 2.5:10:100, 4.5:10:100, 0.5:15:100, 2.5:15:100, 4.5:15:100), mixing water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture, during the hydrothermal reaction, the three substances in the raw materials interact and react with each other, and the organic substances in the raw materials will undergo complex changes under hydrothermal conditions. The proteins in the raw materials experience denaturation and recombination during the hydrothermal reaction to form new structures. The proteins in fish bone meal interact with the proteins in soybean meal to form a new network structure. The cellulose and hemicellulose in oil-tea camellia residue degrade into sugar substances, and these sugar substances are further decomposed into various derivatives such as organic acids, phenols, and ketones through reactions such as isomerization, bond cleavage, and dehydration. Finally, the yield increase rate of tomatoes is all higher than 156% and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is all higher than 345%. When the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder is greater than 4.5:15:100 (as in Table 1, when the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder = 4.5:17.5:100, 4.5:20:100, 4.5:22.5:100, 5:15:100, 5.5:15:100, 6:15:100 and higher ratios not listed in Table 1), the addition of fish bone meal and soybean meal is excessive, and the reaction of the three materials is unbalanced during the hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder further increases.

[0039] Therefore, generally speaking, considering the combination of benefits and costs, when the mass ratio of fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder is equal to 0.5 - 4.5:5 - 15:100, it is most beneficial to improve the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0040] Example 2 Influence of Hydrothermal Time on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0041] The oil-tea camellia residue was ground into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder. Fish bone powder, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder were weighed respectively according to the mass ratio of 4.5:15:100, and stirred evenly to obtain the oil-tea camellia residue mixture. Water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture were mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio of 35:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. The obtained liquid was tea residue extraction slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature was 240 °C, and the hydrothermal time was 0.35 h, 0.4 h, 0.45 h, 0.5 h, 3.5 h, 6.5 h, 7 h, 7.5 h, 8 h. Actinomycete solution was added to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, and solid-liquid separation was carried out. The obtained liquid was tea residue crude decomposition liquid, where the fermentation time was 12 days, the fermentation temperature was 40 °C, and the actinomycete was Streptomyces microflavoviridis (strain number: CGMCC 4.7391). Sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid were mixed according to the volume ratio of 1.5:7:100, stirred evenly, and compound bacterium agent was added for secondary fermentation to obtain the foliar fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia residue, where the fermentation temperature was 30 °C, the fermentation time was 10 days, and the compound bacterium agent included Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus was Bacillus licheniformis (strain number: CGMCC 1.8805); the Lactobacillus was Lactobacillus paracasei (strain number: CGMCC 1.121); the photosynthetic bacteria was Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain number: CGMCC 1.5007).

[0042] The comparative test of tomato planting, the detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the calculation of tomato yield increase rate, and

[0043] The calculation of the SOD activity promotion rate were the same as those in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2 Influence of hydrothermal time on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0045]

[0046] As can be seen from Table 2, when the hydrothermal time is less than 0.5 hours (such as in Table 2, the hydrothermal time = 0.45 hours, 0.4 hours, 0.35 hours and lower values not listed in Table 2), the hydrothermal time is short, and the materials do not react sufficiently during the hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the hydrothermal time decreases. When the hydrothermal time is equal to 0.5 - 6.5 hours (such as in Table 2, the hydrothermal time = 0.5 hours, 3.5 hours, 6.5 hours), when mixing water and the mixture of camellia oleifera residue, during the hydrothermal reaction, the three substances in the raw materials interact and react with each other. The organic substances in the raw materials will undergo complex changes under hydrothermal conditions. The proteins in the raw materials experience denaturation and recombination during the hydrothermal reaction, forming new structures. The proteins in fish bone meal interact with the proteins in soybean meal to form a new network structure. The cellulose and hemicellulose in camellia oleifera residue are degraded into sugar substances, and these sugar substances are further decomposed into various derivatives such as organic acids, phenols, and ketones through reactions such as isomerization, bond cleavage, and dehydration. Finally, the yield increase rate of tomatoes is higher than 174% and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is higher than 402%. When the hydrothermal time is greater than 6.5 hours (such as in Table 2, the hydrothermal time = 7 hours, 7.5 hours, 8 hours and higher values not listed in Table 2), the hydrothermal time is too long, and the reaction of the three materials is unbalanced during the hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the hydrothermal time further increases.

[0047] Therefore, generally speaking, considering the benefits and costs, when the hydrothermal time is equal to 0.5 - 6.5 hours, it is most beneficial to improve the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0048] Effect of the volume ratio of seabuckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and crude tea residue decomposition liquid on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer in Example 3

[0049] The oil-tea camellia residue was ground into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder. Fish bone powder, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder were weighed respectively according to the mass ratio of 4.5:15:100, and stirred evenly to obtain the oil-tea camellia residue mixture. Water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture were mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio of 65:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. The obtained liquid was tea residue leaching slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature was 360 °C and the hydrothermal time was 6.5 hours. Actinomycete solution was added to the tea residue leaching slurry for pre-fermentation, and solid-liquid separation was carried out. The obtained liquid was tea residue crude decomposition liquid, where the fermentation time was 18 days, the fermentation temperature was 55 °C, and the actinomycete was Cellulomonas flavigena (strain number: CGMCC 1.10786). Sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid were mixed according to the volume ratios of 0.1:2:100, 0.15:2:100, 0.2:2:100, 0.25:1.25:100, 0.25:1.5:100, 0.25:1.75:100, 0.25:2:100, 1.5:2:100, 2.75:2:100, 0.25:7:100, 1.5:7:100, 2.75:7:100, 0.25:12:100, 1.5:12:100, 2.75:12:100, 2.75:14:100, 2.75:16:100, 2.75:18:100, 3:12:100, 3.25:12:100, 3.5:12:100, stirred evenly, and a composite bacterium agent was added for secondary fermentation to obtain the foliar fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia residue, where the fermentation temperature was 45 °C and the fermentation time was 15 days. The composite bacterium agent included Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus was Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC 1.16094); the Lactobacillus was Lactobacillus plantarum (strain number: CGMCC 1.16089); the photosynthetic bacteria was Rhodopseudomonas faecalis (strain number: CGMCC 1.2176).

[0050] The comparative test of tomato cultivation, the detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the calculation of tomato yield increase rate, and

[0051] The calculation of the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 3.

[0052] Table 3 Influence of the volume ratios of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] As can be seen from Table 3, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth is less than 0.25:2:100 (as in Table 2, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth = 0.45 h, 0.4 h, 0.35 h, and lower ratios not listed in Table 2), the addition of sea buckthorn juice and molasses fermentation broth is less, the activity of bacteria and enzymes decreases during the secondary fermentation process, and the reaction between materials is insufficient, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth decreases. When the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth is equal to 0.25 - 2.75:2 - 12:100 (as in Table 2, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth = 0.25:2:100, 1.5:2:100, 2.75:2:100, 0.25:7:100, 1.5:7:100, 2.75:7:100, 0.25:12:100, 1.5:12:100, 2.75:12:100), mix the sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth, add a compound microbial agent for secondary fermentation. The microorganisms in the compound microbial agent interact with each other and synergistically affect the fermentation process, forming a postbiotic system in which bacteria, enzymes, and active factors coexist. Bacillus produces various enzymes during the fermentation process. These enzymes can decompose proteins and cellulose in the mixed solution into small molecule substances for further utilization by other microorganisms. Lactobacillus ferments sugar into lactic acid, reducing the pH value, increasing the acidity of the fermentation broth, and increasing the nutritional activity of the foliar fertilizer. The fermentation of Lactobacillus can also increase the flavonoid and polyphenol contents in sea buckthorn juice and improve its antioxidant activity. After fermentation, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total flavonoid content in sea buckthorn juice increase, showing strong antibacterial activity. Photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus synergistically participate in the transformation of phenolic substances, which participate in antioxidant protection during the fermentation process. Finally, the yield increase rate of tomatoes is higher than 189% and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is higher than 434%. When the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth is greater than 2.75:12:100 (as in Table 2, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth = 2.75:14:100, 2.75:16:100, 2.75:18:100, 3:12:100, 3.25:12:100, 3.5:12:100, and higher ratios not listed in Table 3), the addition of sea buckthorn juice and molasses fermentation broth is excessive. During the secondary fermentation process, the activity of bacteria and enzymes decreases, and the reaction between materials and bacteria and enzymes is unbalanced, resulting in a decline in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The yield increase rate of tomatoes obtained from planting and the promotion rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both decrease significantly as the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and coarse tea residue decomposition broth further increases.

[0057] Therefore, overall, considering both benefits and costs, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and crude tea residue decomposition broth is equal to 0.25 - 2.75:2 - 12:100, it is most beneficial to improve the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0058] Example 4 Influence of Actinomycetes Addition on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0059] Grind camellia oleifera cake into powder to obtain camellia oleifera cake powder. Weigh fish bone powder, soybean meal, and camellia oleifera cake powder according to a mass ratio of 4.5:15:100, stir evenly to obtain a camellia oleifera cake mixture. Mix water and the camellia oleifera cake mixture according to a liquid-solid ratio of 65:1 mL / g, stir evenly, and carry out a hydrothermal reaction. The resulting liquid is the tea residue extraction slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature is 360 °C and the hydrothermal time is 6.5 hours. Add actinomycetes liquid to the tea residue extraction slurry, carry out pre-fermentation, and perform solid-liquid separation. The resulting liquid is the crude tea residue decomposition broth, where the fermentation time is 12 days, the fermentation temperature is 40 °C, and the actinomycetes are any one of Streptomyces microflavus var. lactosus (strain number: CGMCC 4.1007), Streptomyces microflavoviridis (strain number: CGMCC 4.7391), Cellulomonas flavigena (strain number: CGMCC 1.10786), Clostridium thermocellum (strain number: ATCC 27405), Streptomyces albogriseolus (strain number: CGMCC 4.6301), and Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus (strain number: CGMCC 4.7294). Mix sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation broth, and crude tea residue decomposition broth according to a volume ratio of 2.75:12:100, stir evenly, add a compound microbial agent for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared from camellia oleifera cake, where the fermentation temperature is 30 °C and the fermentation time is 10 days. The compound microbial agent includes Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus is Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC 1.12900); the Lactobacillus is Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.3342); and the photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain number: CGMCC 1.16068).

[0060] Tomato planting comparison test, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity detection, tomato yield increase rate, and

[0061] Calculation of the SOD activity increase rate are the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 4.

[0062] Table 4 Influence of Actinomycetes Addition on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 4, when the actinomycete is any one of Streptomyces microflavus var. lactosus, Streptomyces microviridis, Cellulomonas fimi, Clostridium thermocellum, Streptomyces albogriseolus, or Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus, the foliar fertilizer prepared can significantly increase the yield of tomatoes and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) contained therein.

[0065] Example 5 Effect of Lactobacillus Addition on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0066] The oil-tea camellia residue was ground into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder. Fish bone powder, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder were weighed respectively according to the mass ratio of 4.5:15:100, and stirred evenly to obtain an oil-tea camellia residue mixture. Water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture were mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio of 65:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. The obtained liquid was tea residue extraction slurry, where the hydrothermal temperature was 240 °C and the hydrothermal time was 6.5 hours. Actinomycete liquid was added to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, and solid-liquid separation was carried out. The obtained liquid was tea residue crude decomposition liquid, where the fermentation time was 18 days, the fermentation temperature was 55 °C, and the actinomycete was Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus (strain number: CGMCC 4.7294). Sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid were mixed according to the volume ratio of 2.75:12:100, stirred evenly, and compound bacterium agent was added for secondary fermentation to obtain the foliar fertilizer prepared using oil-tea camellia residue, where the fermentation temperature was 45 °C and the fermentation time was 10 days. The compound bacterium agent included Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria. The Bacillus was Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC 1.12900); the Lactobacillus was any one of Lactobacillus casei (strain number: CGMCC1.3206), Lactobacillus paracasei (strain number: CGMCC 1.121), Lactobacillus plantarum (strain number: CGMCC 1.16089), Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain number: CGMCC1.3342), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (strain number: CGMCC 1.577), or Lactococcus lactis (strain number: CGMCC 1.15072); the photosynthetic bacterium was Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain number: CGMCC 1.16068).

[0067] Tomato planting comparison test, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity detection, tomato yield increase rate, and

[0068] Calculation of the SOD activity increase rate were the same as in Example 1. The test results of this example are shown in Table 5.

[0069] Table 5 Effect of Lactobacillus Addition on the Performance of the Prepared Foliar Fertilizer

[0070]

[0071] As can be seen from Table 5, when the lactic acid bacteria is any one of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactococcus lactis, the foliar fertilizer prepared can significantly increase the yield of tomatoes and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) contained therein.

[0072] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing foliar fertilizer using oil-tea camellia residue, (1) Hydrothermal reaction: Take fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue and stir to obtain an oil-tea camellia residue mixture. Add water for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a liquid, which is tea residue extraction slurry; (2) Pre-fermentation: Add actinomycete solution to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid, which is tea residue crude decomposition liquid; (3) Secondary fermentation: Stir sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid evenly, add a compound microbial agent for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared using oil-tea camellia residue.

2. According to the method described in claim 1, before the hydrothermal reaction, grind the oil-tea camellia residue into powder to obtain oil-tea camellia residue powder for use.

3. According to the method described in claim 1, weigh fish bone meal, soybean meal, and oil-tea camellia residue powder according to a mass ratio of 0.5 - 4.5:5 - 15:100, stir evenly to obtain an oil-tea camellia residue mixture.

4. According to the method described in claim 1, mix water and the oil-tea camellia residue mixture according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5 - 65:1 mL / g, stir evenly, and perform hydrothermal reaction to obtain a liquid, which is tea residue extraction slurry; and / or, the hydrothermal temperature is 120 - 360 °C, and the hydrothermal time is 0.5 - 6.5 hours.

5. According to the method described in claim 1, add actinomycete solution to the tea residue extraction slurry for pre-fermentation, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid, which is tea residue crude decomposition liquid; and / or, the pre-fermentation time is 6 - 18 days, and the fermentation temperature is 25 - 55 °C.

6. According to the method described in claim 1, the actinomycete is any one of Streptomyces microflavus var. lactosus, Streptomyces microflavus, Cellulomonas fimi, Clostridium thermocellum, Streptomyces albogriseolus, Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus.

7. According to the method described in claim 1, mix sea buckthorn juice, molasses fermentation liquid, and tea residue crude decomposition liquid according to a volume ratio of 0.25 - 2.75:2 - 12:100, stir evenly, add a compound microbial agent for secondary fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer prepared using oil-tea camellia residue; and / or, the secondary fermentation temperature is 15 - 45 °C, and the fermentation time is 5 - 15 days.

8. According to the method described in claim 1, the compound microbial agent includes Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria; the Bacillus is any one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus validus; the Lactobacillus is any one of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis; the photosynthetic bacteria is any one of Oscillochloris aurantiaca, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

9. A foliar fertilizer, which is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 - 8.

10. A use of a foliar fertilizer for increasing the yield and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of tomatoes.

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