Road surface snow melting and deicing method and system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a pavement snow melting and deicing method and system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage, and relates to the field of pavement of roads, in the method, a second heat exchange pipe network is closed and a first heat exchange pipe network is opened within a first time period; opening a second heat exchange pipe network in a second time period when the road surface temperature is lower than a preset first temperature threshold value; calculating target heat; the first heat exchange pipe network is controlled to dissipate the current heat to the road surface; and when it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is smaller than the target heat, the circulating working medium flow of the first heat exchange pipe network and the circulating working medium flow of the second heat exchange pipe network are adjusted, the heat pump system is controlled to heat the circulating working medium, and the road surface temperature is kept within the preset temperature range. The closed-loop circulation system is formed by the heat exchange pipe networks of the tunnel bottom plate lower cushion layer and the pavement structure layer, and the heat pump system is combined, so that the dual functions of collection and storage of pavement heat in summer and snow melting and deicing in winter are achieved, the heat supply capacity of the system is improved, and the snow melting and deicing effects are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of road paving, and in particular relates to a method and system for melting snow and deicing road surfaces based on heat storage in geothermal energy tunnels. Background Art

[0002] In cold regions, snow and ice on roads can threaten traffic safety. Traditional methods of melting snow and de-icing roads mainly include spreading snow-melting agents and mechanical snow removal. These methods are not only costly, but also cause pollution and damage to the environment and road structure.

[0003] In the related technology, a ground source heat pump road snow melting and deicing system can be used. This system uses geothermal energy to melt snow and deicer the road surface by burying a heat exchange pipe network in the road structure layer. This solution avoids the pollution of chemical snow melting agents to the environment, and has lower operating costs and better environmental protection than electric snow melting systems.

[0004] However, the existing ground source heat pump road snow melting and de-icing system mainly relies on the underground constant temperature layer to provide heat in actual operation. In continuous snowfall weather, the supply of a single heat source is often unable to meet the needs of continuous snow melting and de-icing on the road. During the snow melting and de-icing process, the underground temperature will gradually decrease due to the continuous heat extraction from the underground constant temperature layer, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system will decrease accordingly, affecting the snow melting and de-icing effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a method and system for melting snow and de-icing on a road surface based on heat storage in a geothermal energy tunnel. By forming a closed-loop circulation system with a heat exchange pipe network of the tunnel floor sub-base and the road surface structure layer, and combining it with a heat pump system, the dual functions of collecting and storing road surface heat in summer and melting snow and de-icing in winter are achieved, thereby improving the system's heat supply capacity and the snow melting and de-icing effect.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for melting snow and de-icing a road surface based on heat storage in a geothermal energy tunnel. In a first time period, the second heat exchange pipe network is closed and the first heat exchange pipe network is opened, so that the absorbed road surface heat is transported to the first heat exchange pipe network through a circulating working fluid for heat storage. The first heat exchange pipe network is arranged in a cushion layer under a tunnel floor, and the second heat exchange pipe network is arranged in a cement-stabilized crushed stone leveling layer of a road surface structure. The first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network are connected through a pipe system to form a closed-loop circulation system. In the second time period, when the road surface temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the second heat exchange pipe network is opened, the ambient temperature in the first time period is greater than the preset second temperature threshold, the ambient temperature in the second time period is not greater than the preset second temperature threshold, and the preset first temperature threshold is less than the preset second temperature threshold; Calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal based on the road surface temperature; When it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network is not less than the target heat, control the first heat exchange pipeline network to dissipate the current heat to the road surface; When it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network is less than the target heat, adjust the circulation working fluid flow rates of the first heat exchange pipeline network and the second heat exchange pipeline network, and control the heat pump system to heat the circulation working fluid so that the road surface temperature is maintained within a preset temperature range.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, by closing the second heat exchange pipeline network and opening the first heat exchange pipeline network in the first time period, the system can transfer the heat absorbed by the road surface to the first heat exchange pipeline network under the tunnel floor cushion through the circulation working fluid for heat storage. When it is detected in the second time period that the road surface temperature is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the system opens the second heat exchange pipeline network and calculates the required target heat according to the road surface temperature. If the heat stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network is sufficient, the heat is directly dissipated to the road surface; if the stored heat is insufficient, the road surface temperature is maintained by adjusting the circulation working fluid flow rate and heating the heat pump system. The heat absorbed by the road surface during the high temperature period is fully utilized, stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network under the tunnel floor, and released when snow melting and ice removal are required, which not only saves energy but also improves the system efficiency. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and automatic control by the temperature sensor, the heat supply can be accurately adjusted according to the actual demand, reducing energy waste. By forming a closed-loop circulation system with the heat exchange pipeline networks of the tunnel floor cushion and the road surface structure layer and combining with the heat pump system, the dual functions of collecting and storing the heat of the road surface in summer and snow melting and ice removal in winter are realized, improving the heat supply capacity of the system and the snow melting and ice removal effect.

[0008] Combined with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, calculating the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature specifically includes: Obtain the environmental parameters in the second time period, and the environmental parameters include wind speed and humidity; Calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature, wind speed, humidity and the heat calculation function.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, by obtaining environmental parameters such as wind speed and humidity in the second time period and combining with the road surface temperature, the system can accurately calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal through the heat calculation function. This heat calculation method based on multiple parameters considers the main environmental factors affecting the snow melting and ice removal effect, enabling the system to determine the required heat supply according to the actual situation.

[0010] Combined with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the heat calculation function is: ; In the above function, is the target heat, is the wind speed correction coefficient, is the latent heat of fusion, is the convective heat transfer, is the heat conduction, is the radiative heat transfer.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat calculation function incorporates elements such as the wind speed correction coefficient, latent heat of fusion, convective heat transfer, heat conduction, and radiative heat transfer into the calculation scope, making the heat calculation result more accurate and complete. The introduction of the wind speed correction coefficient can compensate for the influence of wind speed on heat loss. The calculation of the latent heat of fusion ensures the heat required for completely melting ice and snow. The convective heat transfer takes into account the heat loss caused by air flow. The heat conduction reflects the heat transfer between different media, and the radiative heat transfer includes the influence of environmental radiation. This method of comprehensive calculation of multiple factors enables the system to more accurately estimate the required heat, thereby better controlling the heat supply and improving the efficiency of snow melting and ice removal.

[0012] Combined with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after controlling the heat pump system to heat the circulating working medium to maintain the road surface temperature within a preset temperature range, the method further includes: Obtain the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network and the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; Calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and calculate the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is less than a preset power threshold, determine the releasable heat and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity; Adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the releasable heat and the maximum heat release power, so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, by obtaining the inlet and outlet temperatures of the first and second heat exchange pipe networks, the system can calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network. When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is small, the system will determine the releasable heat and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity, and adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network accordingly, enabling the system to dynamically adjust the working states of each component and achieve the maximization of the total heat dissipation power of the road surface. By coordinating the heat storage release of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heating power of the heat pump system, the system can achieve the optimal utilization of energy while ensuring the snow melting and ice removal effect, improving the operation efficiency of the entire system. This precise power adjustment mechanism ensures that each component of the system can operate in the best working state, thereby achieving the optimal snow melting and ice removal effect.

[0014] In some embodiments in combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network is calculated based on the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is calculated based on the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network. Specifically, it includes: Obtain the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid; Based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, the temperature difference between the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat storage time, calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network; Based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, and the temperature difference between the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network, calculate the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, by obtaining parameters such as the circulating working fluid flow rate, specific heat capacity, and inlet and outlet water temperatures of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network, the actual heat storage amount of the first heat exchange pipe network and the real-time heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network can be calculated, which can reflect the real heat storage and release states during the operation of the system, and avoid the errors that may be brought by relying only on empirical values or preset values. The accurate heat storage capacity and heat dissipation power data enable the system to reasonably allocate heat resources, neither resulting in insufficient actual heat supply due to overestimated heat storage amount nor causing heat waste due to underestimated heat storage amount. At the same time, this calculation method takes into account the influence of the heat storage time, can more comprehensively reflect the distribution characteristics of heat in the time dimension, and provides more reliable data support for the dynamic adjustment of the system.

[0016] In some embodiments in combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, based on the heat storage capacity, determine the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network. Specifically, it includes: Obtain the lowest allowable outlet water temperature and the preset release time of the first heat exchange pipe network; Calculate the heat that can be released based on the product of the heat storage capacity and the preset heat utilization efficiency; Divide the heat that can be released by the preset release time to obtain the maximum heat release power.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solutions, based on the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network, combined with constraints such as the minimum allowable outlet water temperature and the preset release time, the system can reasonably determine the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power. By introducing a preset heat utilization efficiency parameter, the system takes into account the inevitable losses during the heat transfer and release processes when calculating the heat that can be released, making the calculation results more in line with the actual situation. Combining the heat that can be released with the preset release time to determine the maximum heat release power can ensure the smoothness and continuity of the heat release process, and avoid system instability or reduced heat utilization efficiency caused by excessive instantaneous heat release power.

[0018] Combined with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network are adjusted according to the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power, so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized. Specifically, it includes: Obtain the target heat dissipation power required by the road surface; Within the range not exceeding the maximum heat release power, determine the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network according to the heat that can be released and the target heat dissipation power; Based on the target heat dissipation power, the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network, and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipeline network, determine the heating power required by the heat pump system; Adjust the power ratio of the first heat exchange pipeline network and the heat pump system so that the sum of the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network, the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipeline network, and the heating power of the heat pump system reaches the maximum value.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solutions, by obtaining the target heat dissipation power required by the road surface and determining the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network within the maximum heat release power range, the system can perform reasonable power distribution according to the current heat demand and supply capacity. Coordinating the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network, the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipeline network, and the heating power of the heat pump system can achieve the optimal cooperation of multiple heat sources. By adjusting the power ratio of the first heat exchange pipeline network and the heat pump system, the system can maximize the utilization of the stored heat while ensuring the total heating demand, reducing the additional energy consumption of the heat pump system. This dynamic power adjustment method based on the actual working conditions enables the system to always maintain the optimal operating state, not only meeting the actual needs of road surface snow melting and ice removal, but also achieving efficient energy utilization and reducing the operating cost of the system.

[0020] Second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a road surface snow melting and deicing system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage. The road surface snow melting and deicing system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program code. The computer program code includes computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the system to execute the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect.

[0021] Third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions, when the above instructions run on the system, causing the above system to execute the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect.

[0022] Fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, when the computer program product runs on the system, causing the system to execute the methods described in any possible implementation manner in the first aspect.

[0023] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. The present application provides a road surface snow melting and deicing method based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage. By closing the second heat exchange pipe network and opening the first heat exchange pipe network in the first time period, the system can transport the heat absorbed by the road surface through the circulating working medium to the first heat exchange pipe network under the tunnel floor cushion for heat storage. When it is detected in the second time period that the road surface temperature is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the system opens the second heat exchange pipe network and calculates the required target heat according to the road surface temperature. If the heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is sufficient, the heat is directly dissipated to the road surface; if the stored heat is insufficient, the road surface temperature is maintained by adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working medium and heating with the heat pump system. The heat absorbed by the road surface during the high-temperature period is fully utilized, stored in the first heat exchange pipe network under the tunnel floor, and released when snow melting and deicing are required, which not only saves energy but also improves the system efficiency. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and automatic control by the temperature sensor, the heat supply can be accurately adjusted according to actual needs, reducing energy waste. By forming a closed-loop circulation system with the heat exchange pipe networks of the tunnel floor cushion and the road surface structure layer and combining with the heat pump system, the dual functions of collecting and storing the heat of the road surface in summer and snow melting and deicing in winter are realized, improving the heat supply capacity of the system and the snow melting and deicing effect.

[0024] 2. This application provides a method for snow melting and ice removal on roads based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage. By obtaining the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the first and second heat exchange pipe networks, the system can calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network. When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is small, the system will determine the heat that can be released by the first heat exchange pipe network and the maximum heat release power based on the heat storage capacity, and accordingly adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, enabling the system to dynamically adjust the working states of various components and maximize the total heat dissipation power of the road surface. By coordinating the heat storage release of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heating power of the heat pump system, the system can achieve the optimal utilization of energy while ensuring the snow melting and ice removal effect, improving the operating efficiency of the entire system. This precise power adjustment mechanism ensures that all components of the system can operate in the best working state, thereby achieving the optimal snow melting and ice removal effect. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for snow melting and ice removal on roads based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 is another schematic flow chart of a method for snow melting and ice removal on roads based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a refined control method based on heat loss zoning provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the physical device of a road snow melting and ice removal system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0029] The terms used in the following embodiments of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular forms "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "this" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in this application refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the listed items.

[0030] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0031] The following uses an embodiment and in combination with Figure 1 , to describe a method for snow melting and ice removal on a road surface based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in the embodiments of the present application: Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic flowchart of a method for snow melting and ice removal on a road surface based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] S101. In the first time period, close the second heat exchange pipeline network and open the first heat exchange pipeline network, so that the heat absorbed by the road surface is transported through the circulating working medium to the first heat exchange pipeline network for heat storage; In the first time period, the system closes the second heat exchange pipeline network and opens the first heat exchange pipeline network, so that the heat absorbed by the road surface is transported through the circulating working medium to the first heat exchange pipeline network for heat storage. The first heat exchange pipeline network is arranged in the cushion layer under the tunnel floor slab, and the second heat exchange pipeline network is arranged in the cement stabilized macadam leveling layer of the road surface structure. The first heat exchange pipeline network and the second heat exchange pipeline network are connected through a pipeline system to form a closed-loop circulation system.

[0033] In this step, the system first needs to determine whether the current time is within the first time period. The first time period is usually summer or other time periods when the road surface temperature is relatively high. In the first time period, the system closes the second heat exchange pipeline network arranged in the cement stabilized macadam leveling layer of the road surface structure, and at the same time opens the first heat exchange pipeline network arranged in the cushion layer under the tunnel floor slab. In this way, the heat absorbed by the road surface can be transported through the circulating working medium to the first heat exchange pipeline network and stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network.

[0034] In specific implementation, the system can real-time monitor the road surface temperature through the temperature sensor arranged in the road surface structure. When it detects that the road surface temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold, it can determine that the current time is within the first time period. At the same time, the system can also comprehensively judge whether it is within the first time period in combination with factors such as environmental temperature and sunlight intensity. When it is judged to be within the first time period, the system controls the valve on the second heat exchange pipeline network to close, and at the same time controls the valve on the first heat exchange pipeline network to open, so that the circulating working medium circulates in the first heat exchange pipeline network, transfers the heat absorbed by the road surface to the first heat exchange pipeline network, and stores it in the first heat exchange pipeline network.

[0035] In practical applications, it may occur that the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network reaches saturation. In this regard, the system can set an upper limit threshold for the heat storage capacity. When it is detected that the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network reaches the upper limit threshold, the system controls the first heat exchange pipeline network to stop heat storage and discharges the excess heat outside the tunnel to avoid excessive heat affecting the internal environment of the tunnel. At the same time, the system can also dynamically adjust the upper limit threshold of the heat storage capacity according to the actual heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network to make full use of the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network.

[0036] S102. In the second time period, when the road surface temperature detected according to the temperature sensor is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, open the second heat exchange pipeline network; In the second time period, when the road surface temperature detected according to the temperature sensor is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the system opens the second heat exchange pipeline network. The environmental temperature in the first time period is greater than the preset second temperature threshold, and the environmental temperature in the second time period is not greater than the preset second temperature threshold. The preset first temperature threshold is less than the preset second temperature threshold.

[0037] In this step, the system needs to determine whether the current time is in the second time period. The second time period is usually winter or other time periods with lower road surface temperatures. In the second time period, the system uses temperature sensors installed in the road surface structure to monitor the road surface temperature in real time. When it is detected that the road surface temperature is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the system controls the valve on the second heat exchange pipeline network installed in the cement stabilized macadam leveling layer of the road surface structure to open, so that the circulating working medium can circulate in the second heat exchange pipeline network to provide heat for the road surface to melt snow and remove ice.

[0038] In specific implementation, the system can dynamically adjust the preset first temperature threshold according to parameters such as environmental temperature and humidity to adapt to different weather conditions. For example, in the case of lower environmental temperature and higher humidity, the road surface is more likely to freeze, so the first temperature threshold can be appropriately increased to start the second heat exchange pipeline network in advance for snow melting and ice removal. At the same time, the system can also set multiple temperature sensors distributed at different positions on the road surface to obtain the temperature distribution of the road surface, so as to more accurately control the start time and operation parameters of the second heat exchange pipeline network.

[0039] S103. Calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature; The system calculates the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature. Specifically, obtain the environmental parameters in the second time period. The environmental parameters include wind speed and humidity; calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature, wind speed, humidity and the heat calculation function, where the heat calculation function is: ; In the above function, is the target heat is the wind speed correction coefficient is the latent heat of fusion is the convective heat transfer is the heat conduction is the radiative heat transfer

[0040] The wind speed correction coefficient, dimensionless, can be calculated by the following formula: , is the ambient wind speed; The latent heat of fusion, that is, the heat required to melt ice and snow into water, can be calculated by the following formula: , where takes a value of approximately , takes a value of approximately , unit , unit ; The convective heat transfer, that is, the convective heat transfer between the road surface and the air, can be calculated by the following formula: , where is the convective heat transfer coefficient, with the unit of , and can take ; and are in the unit of °C; The heat conduction, that is, the heat conduction inside the road surface, is generally small and is ignored here; The radiative heat transfer, that is, the radiative heat transfer between the road surface and the environment, can be ignored in snow melting and ice removal.

[0041] After the system obtains the target heat Q, it can control the flow rate and temperature of the circulating working medium accordingly, provide the corresponding heat to the second heat exchange pipe network, and achieve ice removal and snow melting on the road surface. At the same time, during the actual operation process, the system can also dynamically adjust the target heat through the real-time data feedback by the road surface temperature sensor to better adapt to environmental changes and improve the ice removal and snow melting effect.

[0042] When it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is not less than the target heat, control the first heat exchange pipe network to dissipate the current heat to the road surface; In this step, the system needs to judge whether the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network can meet the target heat requirement for snow melting and ice removal. If the heat storage in the first heat exchange pipe network is not less than the target heat, the system will control the first heat exchange pipe network to dissipate the stored heat to the road surface to provide the heat required for snow melting and ice removal on the road surface.

[0043] In specific implementation, the system can monitor the flow rate and temperature of the circulating working medium in real time through the flow meter and temperature sensor set in the first heat exchange pipeline network, so as to calculate the current heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network. At the same time, the system can also establish a relationship model between the current heat storage capacity and the flow rate and temperature of the circulating working medium according to the physical property parameters such as the specific heat capacity and density of the circulating working medium, and quickly estimate the current heat storage capacity through this model. When it is determined that the current heat storage capacity is not less than the target heat, the system controls the valve on the first heat exchange pipeline network to open, so that the circulating working medium flows to the second heat exchange pipeline network and transfers heat to the road surface.

[0044] In practical applications, it may occur that the current heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network is insufficient to maintain the entire snow melting and ice removal process. In this regard, the system can adopt a segmented heating strategy and dynamically adjust the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network according to the progress of snow melting and ice removal. Specifically, the system can divide the entire snow melting and ice removal process into multiple stages. In each stage, according to the change of the road surface temperature, calculate the heat required for this stage and compare it with the remaining heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network. If the remaining heat storage capacity is sufficient to meet the heat demand of this stage, continue to use the first heat exchange pipeline network for heating; otherwise, the system can start the heat pump system in advance to heat the circulating working medium to ensure the continuous progress of the snow melting and ice removal process.

[0045] S105. In the case where it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network is less than the target heat, adjust the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the first heat exchange pipeline network and the second heat exchange pipeline network, and control the heat pump system to heat the circulating working medium to keep the road surface temperature within the preset temperature range.

[0046] In this step, the system needs to judge whether the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipeline network is less than the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal. If the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipeline network is insufficient to meet the target heat demand, the system needs to adjust the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the first heat exchange pipeline network and the second heat exchange pipeline network, and control the heat pump system to heat the circulating working medium, so as to keep the road surface temperature within the preset temperature range and ensure the safe passage of the road surface.

[0047] In specific implementation, the system can establish a relationship model between the circulating working fluid flow rate and the heat transfer power according to parameters such as the heat transfer coefficient and pipe diameter of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network. By adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working fluid, the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network can be dynamically adjusted to match the demand for the target heat. At the same time, the system can also control the heat pump system to heat the circulating working fluid, increase the temperature of the circulating working fluid, thereby increasing the heat release power of the second heat exchange pipe network and accelerating the rising speed of the road surface temperature. During the process of adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working fluid and controlling the heat pump system to heat, the system needs to monitor the road surface temperature in real time, and dynamically adjust the control strategy according to the change of the road surface temperature to ensure that the road surface temperature is always maintained within the preset temperature range.

[0048] In practical applications, in severe weather conditions, even if the methods of adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working fluid and heat pump heating are adopted, the road surface temperature may still not reach the preset temperature range. In this regard, the system can set a multi-level control strategy. On the basis of adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working fluid and heat pump heating, other auxiliary measures can also be adopted, such as spraying snow melting agents and increasing the layout density of the heat exchange pipe network, starting from multiple aspects to improve the reliability and adaptability of the snow melting and ice removal system. At the same time, the system can also start the snow melting and ice removal system in advance according to the weather forecast information, pre-heat the road surface temperature before the severe weather arrives, and reduce the impact of the severe weather on the road surface traffic safety.

[0049] In the above embodiment, by closing the second heat exchange pipe network and opening the first heat exchange pipe network in the first time period, the system can transfer the heat absorbed by the road surface to the first heat exchange pipe network of the underlayment under the tunnel floor through the circulating working fluid for heat storage. When it is detected in the second time period that the road surface temperature is lower than the preset first temperature threshold, the system opens the second heat exchange pipe network and calculates the required target heat according to the road surface temperature. If the heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is sufficient, the heat is directly dissipated to the road surface; if the stored heat is insufficient, the road surface temperature is maintained by adjusting the flow rate of the circulating working fluid and heating the heat pump system. The heat absorbed by the road surface during the high-temperature period is fully utilized and stored in the first heat exchange pipe network under the tunnel floor, and then released when snow melting and ice removal are needed, which not only saves energy but also improves the system efficiency. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and automatic control by the temperature sensor, the heat supply can be accurately adjusted according to the actual demand, reducing energy waste. By forming a closed-loop circulation system with the heat exchange pipe networks of the underlayment under the tunnel floor and the road surface structural layer, and combining with the heat pump system, the dual functions of collecting and storing the heat of the road surface in summer and snow melting and ice removal in winter are realized, improving the heat supply capacity of the system and the snow melting and ice removal effect.

[0050] Based on the above basic embodiments, in order to further improve the control accuracy and operation efficiency of the system, the present application also provides an optimized control scheme. This scheme realizes more refined heat management by real-time monitoring of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchange pipe network and performing heat calculation and power adjustment in combination with system parameters. Specifically, after completing the heat supply judgment and preliminary adjustment, the system also needs to dynamically monitor and optimize the control of various parameters during the operation process to ensure the snow melting and ice removal effect and maximize the utilization of existing heat resources. The following combines Figure 2 to describe another method for road snow melting and ice removal based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in the embodiments of the present application: Please refer to Figure 2 which is another process schematic diagram of a method for road snow melting and ice removal based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage in the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] S201. Obtain the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network and the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; In this step, the system needs to real-time monitor the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network. These temperature parameters are important bases for the system to perform heat calculation and power adjustment. By obtaining the inlet temperature and outlet temperature, the system can master the temperature change of the circulating working medium in the heat exchange pipe network, thereby analyzing the working state and efficiency of the heat exchange pipe network.

[0052] In specific implementation, the system can set temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network to collect the temperature data of the circulating working medium in real time. The temperature sensors can select common temperature measuring elements such as thermocouples and thermal resistors, and convert the temperature signal into an electrical signal that can be read by the system through a signal conversion circuit. At the same time, in order to improve the reliability and accuracy of temperature measurement, the system can also adopt the method of multi-point temperature measurement, arrange multiple temperature sensors at different positions of the heat exchange pipe network, and obtain a more accurate and comprehensive temperature distribution by comprehensively analyzing the temperatures of multiple measuring points.

[0053] S202. Calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and calculate the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; The system calculates the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and calculates the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network. Specifically, it includes: obtaining the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid; calculating the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, the temperature difference between the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat storage time; calculating the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, and the temperature difference between the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network.

[0054] In this step, the system needs to calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network according to the obtained inlet and outlet water temperatures of the heat exchange pipe network. The heat storage capacity reflects the heat storage ability of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat dissipation power reflects the rate at which the second heat exchange pipe network transfers heat to the road surface. By calculating these two parameters, the system can master the heat storage and release conditions of the heat exchange pipe network, providing a decision-making basis for subsequent heat allocation and power optimization.

[0055] In specific implementation, the system can utilize the basic principles of thermodynamics to establish calculation models for heat storage capacity and heat dissipation power. For the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network, the system needs to obtain the circulating working fluid flow rate, specific heat capacity, and inlet and outlet water temperature difference of the heat exchange pipe network, and then calculate it through the formula Q = cm(t1 - t2), where Q is the heat storage capacity, c is the specific heat capacity, m is the circulating working fluid flow rate, and t1 and t2 are the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature respectively. For the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network, the system can adopt a similar method and calculate it through the formula P = cm(t1 - t2) / Δt, where P is the heat dissipation power and Δt is the heat dissipation time.

[0056] In practical applications, it is possible that the heat storage capacity or heat dissipation power of the heat exchange pipe network exceeds the design range. In this regard, the system can set upper and lower limit thresholds for heat storage capacity and heat dissipation power. When the calculation result exceeds the threshold range, the system can issue a warning signal to prompt relevant personnel to conduct inspections and handling. Specifically, if the heat storage capacity is too low, it may mean problems such as heat leakage or reduced heat exchange efficiency in the first heat exchange pipe network, and the pipe network needs to be repaired and maintained; if the heat dissipation power is too low, it may mean problems such as blockage or poor circulation in the second heat exchange pipe network, and it needs to be dredged and cleaned. At the same time, the system can also adaptively adjust the heat allocation strategy and power optimization plan according to the dynamic changes of heat storage capacity and heat dissipation power, maximizing the energy utilization efficiency of the system while ensuring the snow melting and ice removal effect.

[0057] S203. When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is less than the preset power threshold, determine the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity. When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is less than the preset power threshold, the system determines the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity, which specifically includes: obtaining the lowest allowable outlet water temperature and the preset release time of the first heat exchange pipe network; calculating the heat that can be released based on the product of the heat storage capacity and the preset heat utilization efficiency; and dividing the heat that can be released by the preset release time to obtain the maximum heat release power.

[0058] In this step, the system needs to determine whether the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network meets the power demand for snow melting and ice removal. When the heat dissipation power is less than the preset power threshold, it indicates that the heat release capacity of the second heat exchange pipe network itself is insufficient and additional heat support needs to be provided by relying on the heat storage of the first heat exchange pipe network. Therefore, the system needs to determine the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power according to the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network to provide guidance for subsequent heat allocation.

[0059] In specific implementation, the system first needs to set the power threshold of the second heat exchange pipe network, which can be determined according to the actual demand for road snow melting and ice removal and the system design parameters. When it is detected that the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is lower than this threshold, the system starts to calculate the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network. For the heat that can be released, the system needs to obtain the lowest allowable outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, that is, the temperature limit that the pipe network cannot be lower than during the heat release process, and then estimate the total heat that can be released according to the heat storage capacity and the set heat utilization efficiency. For the maximum heat release power, based on the heat that can be released, the system combines the set heat release time to calculate the maximum heat that can be released per unit time as the power upper limit value of the first heat exchange pipe network.

[0060] In practical applications, it may occur that the heat that can be released by the first heat exchange pipe network cannot fully meet the demand for snow melting and ice removal. In this regard, the system can adopt a phased heating strategy, dividing the snow melting and ice removal process into multiple stages. Within each stage, according to the road surface conditions and environmental conditions, dynamically adjust the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network to extend the heating time as much as possible. At the same time, the system can also be linked with the weather forecasting system, and according to the temperature change trend in the next period of time, adjust the heat storage strategy of the first heat exchange pipe network in advance, and store as much heat as possible before the arrival of bad weather to cope with possible extreme working conditions. In addition, the system can also set up a safety protection mechanism. When the outlet water temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network is lower than the lowest allowable value, the system can automatically cut off the heat release loop to avoid damage to the pipe network and the circulating working medium.

[0061] S204. Adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power, so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized.

[0062] The system adjusts the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the heat that can be released and the maximum heat release power, so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized. Specifically, it includes: obtaining the target heat dissipation power required by the road surface; within the range not exceeding the maximum heat release power, determining the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the heat that can be released and the target heat dissipation power; based on the target heat dissipation power, the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network, determining the heating power required by the heat pump system; adjusting the power ratio of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat pump system to make the sum of the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network, and the heating power of the heat pump system reach the maximum value.

[0063] In this step, the system needs to maximize the heat dissipation power of the road surface by optimizing the power ratio of the heat pump system and the first heat exchange pipe network on the basis of making full use of the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network. This is a dynamic optimization process, and the system needs to continuously adjust the heat distribution strategy according to the real-time road conditions and environmental parameters to minimize the energy consumption and cost of the system while meeting the road surface deicing requirements.

[0064] Specifically, the system first calculates the heat dissipation power required by the target road surface according to the road surface state and meteorological conditions. Then, the system compares this target power with the real-time heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network to obtain the additional heat that needs to be supplemented. On this basis, the system comprehensively considers the heat that can be released, the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heating capacity of the heat pump system, and solves the optimal power ratio of the two through an optimization algorithm. On the one hand, the system needs to make the most of the heat storage of the first heat exchange pipe network to reduce the energy consumption of the heat pump system; on the other hand, the system also needs to ensure that the sum of the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network is sufficient to make up for the heat dissipation gap and meet the road surface deicing requirements. When solving the optimal power ratio, the system also needs to consider factors such as the operating parameters and energy efficiency characteristics of the equipment to ensure the feasibility and economy of the optimization results.

[0065] The following combines specific numerical examples to illustrate the implementation scheme of this step: Scheme 1: Linear programming optimization Suppose that at a certain moment, the system detects that the heat dissipation power required by the target road surface is 500 kW, the real-time heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is 300 kW, and an additional 200 kW of heat needs to be supplemented. After calculation, the heat that can be released by the first heat exchange pipe network is 1000 kWh, the maximum heat release power is 150 kW, and the rated heating power of the heat pump system is 200 kW.

[0066] The system can adopt the method of linear programming to establish the following optimization model: Objective function: Minimize \(C_{HP}\cdot P_{HP}+C_{HE}\cdot P_{HE}\) Constraints: (1) \(P_{HP}+P_{HE}\geq200\); \(P_{HE}\leq150\); \(P_{HP}\leq200\); \(P_{HE}\leq\frac{1000}{t}\).

[0067] Among them, \(P_{HP}\) and \(P_{HE}\) are the heating powers of the heat pump system and the first heat exchange pipeline network respectively, \(C_{HP}\) and \(C_{HE}\) are the unit energy consumption costs of the two respectively, and \(t\) is the expected heat dissipation duration. Constraint (1) ensures that the supplemented heat dissipation meets the road surface demand, (2) and (3) limit the maximum heating powers of the two heat sources, and (4) limits the cumulative heat release of the first heat exchange pipeline network not to exceed its total release capacity.

[0068] By solving this linear programming model, the optimal power ratio of the heat pump system and the first heat exchange pipeline network can be obtained, so that the operating cost of the system is minimized under the premise of meeting the heat dissipation demand.

[0069] Scheme 2: Fuzzy control optimization In actual operation, the factors affecting the optimal control of the system are intricate, and it is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model. At this time, the method of fuzzy control can be adopted to transform expert experience and control strategies into a series of fuzzy rules to guide the optimal control of the system.

[0070] First, the system determines several key factors affecting heat dissipation control, such as road surface temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine intensity, etc., according to parameters such as road surface conditions and environmental conditions. Then, several fuzzy subsets, such as "high", "medium", "low", etc., are set for each factor, and their membership functions are determined. On this basis, the system summarizes a series of fuzzy control rules according to expert experience and historical data, such as: If the road surface temperature is low and the humidity is high, then the heating power of the heat pump is high and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network is high; If the road surface temperature is high and the sunshine is strong, then the heating power of the heat pump is low and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network is low; If the wind speed is high and the humidity is low, then the heating power of the heat pump is medium and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipeline network is high; The system calculates their membership degrees according to the parameters detected in real time, and then obtains the control quantities of the heat pump system and the first heat exchange pipeline network, that is, the optimal power ratio, through fuzzy inference and defuzzification processing. Compared with the traditional precise control method, fuzzy control has stronger robustness and adaptability and can cope with complex and changeable actual working conditions.

[0071] In the above embodiments, by obtaining the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the first and second heat exchange pipe networks, the system can calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network. When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is small, the system will determine the heat that can be released from the first heat exchange pipe network and the maximum heat release power based on the heat storage capacity, and accordingly adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, enabling the system to dynamically adjust the working states of each component and maximize the total heat dissipation power of the road surface. By coordinating the heat storage release of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heating power of the heat pump system, the system can achieve the optimal utilization of energy while ensuring the snow melting and ice removal effect, improving the operating efficiency of the entire system. This precise power adjustment mechanism ensures that each component of the system can operate in the best working state, thereby achieving the optimal snow melting and ice removal effect.

[0072] In the above embodiments, the system realizes the basic snow melting and ice removal function by monitoring the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the heat exchange pipe network and adjusting the power ratio of the heat pump system. However, due to significant differences in heat loss in each area of the road surface, using a unified control strategy may result in insufficient heating in some areas or energy waste. Therefore, the present application also provides a refined control method based on heat loss zoning. This method calculates the heat loss conditions of each area of the road surface in real time, divides the heat loss levels accordingly, and adopts a differential flow regulation strategy to achieve more precise heat compensation. The following combines Figure 3 , to describe a refined control method based on heat loss zoning in the embodiments of the present application: Please refer to Figure 3 , which is a schematic flowchart of a refined control method based on heat loss zoning in the embodiments of the present application.

[0073] S301. Obtain the inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network, and calculate the real-time heat losses of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network; In this step, the system first obtains the operating parameters such as the inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network. These parameters can be collected in real time by setting temperature sensors and flow meters at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange pipe network. In addition to temperature and flow rate, the system can also obtain other parameters affecting heat loss, such as ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc. Based on the obtained parameters, the system calculates the real-time heat losses of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network.

[0074] The calculation of heat loss can be carried out by various methods. A commonly used method is to calculate the real-time heat dissipation power of the heat exchange pipe network based on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water and the flow rate of the circulating working medium, and utilize the principle of heat conservation. Subtracting it from the rated heating power of the pipe network can obtain the real-time heat loss. Another method is to establish a heat loss model of the heat exchange pipe network, take the operating parameters as the input of the model, and directly predict the real-time heat loss. The heat loss model can be constructed by technologies such as finite element analysis and machine learning.

[0075] In practical applications, due to the long length of the heat exchange pipe network, there may be significant differences in the heat loss situations of different pipe sections. To improve the calculation accuracy, the system can divide the heat exchange pipe network into multiple sub-regions, respectively obtain the operating parameters of each sub-region, calculate the real-time heat loss of each sub-region, and then sum them up to obtain the total heat loss of the entire pipe network. This method of sectional calculation can more accurately reflect the local heat loss status of the pipe network.

[0076] S302. Calculate the heat loss per unit area using the real-time heat loss; After obtaining the real-time heat loss of the heat exchange pipe network, the system needs to further calculate the heat loss per unit area for subsequent heat loss zoning. The heat loss per unit area reflects the average heat loss situation of each square meter area of the road surface. The system can obtain the heat loss per unit area through division according to the laying area of the heat exchange pipe network and the real-time heat loss.

[0077] In addition to simple division operations, the system can also adopt other methods to calculate the heat loss per unit area to improve the calculation accuracy. For example, the system can consider the laying density differences in different regions of the pipe network, perform weighted averaging on the real-time heat loss, and obtain a more accurate heat loss per unit area. Additionally, the system can introduce parameters such as road surface materials and thickness, establish a mathematical model of heat loss and these parameters, and predict the heat loss per unit area through the model.

[0078] It should be noted that when calculating the heat loss per unit area, the system should select an appropriate time scale. If the time scale is too small (such as calculating once per second), the heat loss per unit area obtained may fluctuate greatly, which is not conducive to subsequent zoning control. On the contrary, if the time scale is too large (such as calculating once per hour), it may not be able to reflect the changes in road surface heat loss in a timely manner. Therefore, the system can select an appropriate calculation time interval according to actual needs, which can not only fully reflect the heat loss dynamics but also avoid overly frequent calculations.

[0079] S303. Correct the heat loss per unit area based on the soil thermal conductivity, ambient temperature, and wind speed coefficient to obtain the corrected heat loss; After calculating the initial heat loss per unit area, the system also needs to consider the influence of other factors and correct it. In this step, the system mainly corrects the heat loss per unit area based on three parameters: soil thermal conductivity, ambient temperature, and wind speed coefficient. These three parameters will significantly affect the heat dissipation effect of the road surface, thereby affecting the actual heat loss situation.

[0080] The soil thermal conductivity reflects the heat conduction performance of the soil under the road surface. The larger the thermal conductivity, the faster the heat dissipation, and the greater the heat loss per unit area. The system can query the corresponding thermal conductivity from the material thermophysical property parameter table according to the soil type of the road section, or measure it on-site with a soil thermal conductivity tester. The ambient temperature directly affects the temperature difference between the road surface and the environment. The larger the temperature difference, the stronger the heat exchange, and the greater the heat loss per unit area. The system can collect ambient temperature data in real-time through temperature sensors installed near the road surface. The wind speed coefficient reflects the intensity of air flow above the road surface. The higher the wind speed, the stronger the convective heat dissipation, and the greater the heat loss per unit area. The system can measure the local wind speed of the road surface in real-time with an anemometer and calculate the wind speed coefficient.

[0081] After obtaining the above three parameters, the system can establish a correction model for the heat loss per unit area, comprehensively consider the influence of each parameter, and correct the initial heat loss. The correction model can be constructed using various algorithms such as the linear weighted method and the BP neural network. The inputs of the model are the initial heat loss per unit area, soil thermal conductivity, ambient temperature, and wind speed coefficient, and the output is the corrected heat loss per unit area. The system can also train and optimize the correction model with a large amount of historical operation data to improve the correction accuracy.

[0082] In addition to the above three parameters, the system can also introduce other factors affecting heat loss, such as snowfall and sunshine intensity, to further improve the accuracy of heat loss correction. However, it should be noted that the number of introduced parameters should not be too many, otherwise it will greatly increase the complexity of the correction model and may have the opposite effect. Therefore, the system needs to select the most critical influencing factors according to the actual engineering requirements to achieve a balance between correction accuracy and calculation efficiency.

[0083] S304. Divide the road surface into a high heat loss area, a medium heat loss area, and a low heat loss area based on the corrected heat loss, and record the heat exchange pipe network segments corresponding to each heat loss area; Based on the corrected heat loss per unit area data, the system can divide the road surface into heat loss zones. In this step, the system divides the road surface into three levels: high heat loss area, medium heat loss area, and low heat loss area. The high heat loss area corresponds to the area with the largest heat loss per unit area, where the heat loss is the most serious and requires key heat supply compensation; the low heat loss area corresponds to the area with the smallest heat loss per unit area, where the heat loss is relatively small and the heat supply compensation intensity can be appropriately reduced; the medium heat loss area is between the two.

[0084] The heat loss zoning of the road surface can be achieved by using a clustering algorithm. The system can input the corrected heat loss data per unit area into the K-means clustering model, set the number of clusters to 3, and obtain three heat loss zones: high, medium, and low. The clustering algorithm will automatically divide the heat loss data into three categories, making the data features within the same category similar and the data features between different categories quite different. After clustering, the system still needs to further process the clustering results to extract the road surface position information contained in each heat loss zone.

[0085] In actual engineering, the heat exchange pipe network usually consists of multiple pipe segments, and different pipe segments correspond to different areas of the road surface. Therefore, after completing the heat loss zoning, the system still needs to further associate each pipe segment with the heat loss zone. The system can identify the spatial position and length of each pipe segment based on the pipe network laying drawing, and then perform an overlay analysis with the heat loss zoning map to identify the main heat loss zone covered by each pipe segment. For a pipe segment that spans multiple heat loss zones, the system can determine its main attribution area according to the length ratio within each zone.

[0086] When recording the correspondence between the pipe segment and the heat loss zone, the system can also generate a pipe segment - heat loss zone mapping table for subsequent refined control. Each item of this mapping table contains the pipe segment number and the corresponding heat loss zone level. Using this mapping table, the system can quickly retrieve all the pipe segments contained in each heat loss zone, providing a basis for differential flow regulation.

[0087] S305. Adjust the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the pipe segments of the heat exchange pipe network corresponding to each heat loss zone according to the preset flow rate adjustment ratio; According to the heat loss zoning results, the system needs to adopt differential flow regulation strategies for the pipe segments in different heat loss zones to achieve more refined heat compensation control. In this step, the system first needs to determine the flow rate adjustment ratios for different heat loss zones. The flow rate adjustment ratio reflects the adjustment range of the pipe segment flow rate in each zone relative to the rated flow rate.

[0088] For the high heat loss zone, since the heat loss is serious, the system needs to appropriately increase the flow rate of the circulating working medium to strengthen heat compensation. Therefore, the flow rate adjustment ratio for the high heat loss zone should be set to a value greater than 1, such as 1.2 times, 1.5 times, etc. For the low heat loss zone, since the heat loss is less, the system can appropriately reduce the flow rate of the circulating working medium to avoid energy waste caused by excessive heating. Therefore, the flow rate adjustment ratio for the low heat loss zone should be set to a value less than 1, such as 0.8 times, 0.6 times, etc. For the medium heat loss zone, the system can maintain the flow rate of the circulating working medium the same as the rated value, that is, the flow rate adjustment ratio is set to 1.

[0089] After determining the flow regulation ratios for each heat loss area, the system can sequentially retrieve the pipe segments within each heat loss area and calculate the target flow rate of the pipe segments based on the flow regulation ratio of their respective areas. Taking a pipe segment in the high heat loss area as an example, if the rated flow rate of this pipe segment is 2 m³ / h and the flow regulation ratio of the high heat loss area is 1.5 times, then the target flow rate of this pipe segment should be 2 × 1.5 = 3 m³ / h. The system controls the opening of the flow regulating valve on the pipe segment according to the target flow rate, thereby achieving the regulation of the flow rate.

[0090] In actual control, the system also needs to comprehensively consider the hydraulic balance of the entire pipe network. To avoid hydraulic imbalance caused by local flow regulation, while regulating the flow rate of a single pipe segment, the system also needs to coordinate the flow rates of other pipe segments to ensure that the total water supply flow rate and return water flow rate of the pipe network are basically stable. This may require the use of some more complex control algorithms, such as model predictive control, optimal control, etc., to achieve the optimal hydraulic allocation of the entire pipe network. At the same time, the system should also set upper and lower limits for the flow rate of the pipe segments to prevent excessive flow regulation from causing the pipe segment pressure to exceed the limit or the working fluid velocity to be too low.

[0091] S306. Detect the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the heat exchange pipe network in each heat loss area after regulation, and calculate the actual heat transfer amount; After completing the flow regulation, the system needs to detect the regulation effect and evaluate whether the actual heat transfer amount in each heat loss area reaches the expectation. In this step, the system focuses on detecting the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the heat exchange pipe network in each heat loss area. These two temperatures reflect the heat state of the fluid when entering and leaving the pipe segment and are key parameters for calculating the actual heat transfer amount.

[0092] To obtain the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of each heat loss area, the system needs to arrange temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the pipe network in each heat loss area. The sensors should be selected with appropriate ranges and high precision, such as PT100 platinum thermal resistors, NTC thermistors, etc. At the same time, the sensors also need to be properly insulated to avoid interference from the external environment. The system can use a multi-channel temperature acquisition module to collect the data of each sensor in real time and transmit it to the central control unit for processing.

[0093] After obtaining the inlet temperature and outlet temperature data, the system can calculate the actual heat transfer amount in each heat loss area. The calculation formula is: Q = c·ρ·q·(Tin - Tout), where Q is the heat transfer amount, c is the specific heat capacity of the working fluid, ρ is the density of the working fluid, q is the volume flow rate of the working fluid, and Tin and Tout are the inlet temperature and outlet temperature respectively. This formula is based on the law of conservation of heat and reflects the heat change process of the fluid in the pipe segment.

[0094] The system can identify all the pipe segments in each heat loss area according to the pipe segment - heat loss area mapping table, calculate the actual heat transfer amount of each pipe segment respectively, and then accumulate them to obtain the overall actual heat transfer amount of this area. To improve the calculation efficiency, the system can also pre - store the physical properties of the working medium (such as specific heat capacity, density, etc.) to avoid repeated calculations.

[0095] It should be noted that the calculation results of the actual heat transfer amount may be affected by various factors, such as the measurement error of the temperature sensor, the aging of the pipe insulation layer, etc. To minimize the influence of these errors, the system can calibrate the sensor regularly to ensure its measurement accuracy; for the pipe segments with aging insulation layer, the system can appropriately increase its heat loss correction coefficient to compensate for the heat loss caused by the decline in insulation performance.

[0096] S307. Calculate the heat compensation rate according to the actual heat transfer amount and the corrected heat loss; After obtaining the actual heat transfer amount, the system needs to evaluate the effect of heat compensation, that is, what proportion of the heat loss can the actual heat transfer amount make up for. In this step, the system introduces a new index - the heat compensation rate, which is used to quantify the effect of heat compensation. The calculation formula of the heat compensation rate is: η = Q / QL, where η is the heat compensation rate, Q is the actual heat transfer amount, and QL is the corrected heat loss.

[0097] The corrected heat loss refers to the heat loss value per unit area obtained after being corrected by the soil thermal conductivity, ambient temperature and wind speed coefficient in step S303. To unify its unit with the actual heat transfer amount, the system needs to multiply the heat loss per unit area by the area of this heat loss area to obtain the total corrected heat loss of this area.

[0098] The physical meaning of the heat compensation rate is the percentage of the actual heat transfer amount in the heat loss amount. The higher the heat compensation rate, the closer the actual heat transfer amount is to the heat loss, and the better the heat compensation effect; on the contrary, the lower the heat compensation rate, the greater the gap between the actual heat transfer amount and the heat loss, and the worse the heat compensation effect. Ideally, the heat compensation rate should be as close as possible to 100%, at this time the actual heat transfer amount is basically equal to the heat loss, and the road surface gets an appropriate amount of heat supply, neither icing and snowing nor overheating.

[0099] In actual control, the system can calculate the heat compensation rates of the high, medium, and low heat loss areas respectively to evaluate the heat compensation effects of different areas. These three compensation rates can be used as the basis for the system to perform flow readjustment. If the heat compensation rate of a certain area is much lower than 100%, it indicates insufficient heating in this area, and the system needs to further increase the flow regulation ratio of the pipe section in this area; on the contrary, if the heat compensation rate of a certain area is much higher than 100%, it indicates excessive heating in this area, and the system needs to further reduce the flow regulation ratio of the pipe section in this area. Through this dynamic feedback regulation mechanism, the system can continuously optimize the heat compensation effects of each area, and finally make the heat compensation rate of the entire road surface as close to 100% as possible.

[0100] S308. When the heat compensation rate is less than the first preset threshold, increase the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the corresponding heat loss area; when the heat compensation rate is greater than the second preset threshold, decrease the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the corresponding heat loss area.

[0101] Based on the heat compensation rate calculated in step S307, the system can further optimize the flow rate of the circulating working medium in each heat loss area to achieve dynamic regulation of the heat compensation effect. This step introduces two preset thresholds - the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, which are used to determine whether the heat compensation rate is within a reasonable range.

[0102] The first preset threshold is the lower limit of the heat compensation rate. When the heat compensation rate of a certain heat loss area is less than this threshold, it indicates serious insufficient heating in this area, and there is a risk of ice and snow accumulation on the road surface. The system needs to increase the flow rate of the circulating working medium in this area to strengthen heat compensation. The step size for increasing the flow rate can be set to a fixed value, such as increasing by 0.2 m³ / h each time; or proportional control can be adopted, such as increasing the flow rate by 10% each time.

[0103] The second preset threshold is the upper limit of the heat compensation rate. When the heat compensation rate of a certain heat loss area is greater than this threshold, it indicates excessive heating in this area and there is a situation of energy waste. The system needs to decrease the flow rate of the circulating working medium in this area to reduce heat compensation. The step size for decreasing the flow rate can be similar to that for increasing the flow rate, adopting a fixed value or proportional control method.

[0104] When determining the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the system needs to comprehensively consider the requirements for road surface anti-freezing and snow removal and energy conservation. If the thresholds are set too low, the system may frequently increase the flow rate, resulting in energy waste; if the thresholds are set too high, the system may not be able to respond to the risk of road surface icing in time, affecting traffic safety. Therefore, the selection of the thresholds needs to conduct a large number of on-site tests in the early stage and be optimized according to the actual effects. Generally, the first preset threshold can be set to 80% - 90%, and the second preset threshold can be set to 110% - 120%.

[0105] In addition to making judgments based on preset thresholds, the system can also introduce other conditions as trigger conditions for flow regulation, such as a sudden drop in ambient temperature, an excessive snowfall, etc. When these extreme working conditions occur, even if the heat compensation rate is within the normal range, the system can actively increase the flow rate to proactively address the possible risk of road icing. This predictive control strategy can further improve the anti-freezing and snow-removing effect of the system.

[0106] In addition, when executing the flow regulation instruction, the system also needs to perform necessary linkages with other devices. For example, when increasing the flow rate of the circulating working medium in a certain area, the system needs to check the working status of the water supply pump and, if necessary, increase the pump speed or start the standby pump to meet the increased demand for the flow rate of the pipe network. At the same time, the system also needs to coordinate the flow rates in other heat loss areas to ensure the balance of the total supply and return water volumes of the pipe network. This requires the system to have strong collaborative control capabilities, being able to take into account the working conditions of each device and pipe section as a whole to achieve the optimal operation of the entire system.

[0107] In the above embodiments, by real-time monitoring the operation parameters of the heat exchange pipe network, calculating and correcting the heat loss per unit area, the heat loss zoning of the road surface is realized; by adopting a differential flow regulation strategy and a dynamic feedback mechanism, the flow rate of the circulating working medium in each heat loss area is accurately regulated; through the calculation and threshold judgment of the heat compensation rate, the adaptive optimization of heat compensation in each area is realized. This method breaks through the limitations of the traditional unified control strategy, avoids the problems of insufficient heating or energy waste, and improves the operation efficiency of the system and the road surface de-icing effect. At the same time, this method has strong practicability and scalability, and can flexibly adjust the control parameters and optimization strategies according to the actual engineering requirements.

[0108] The following describes the system in the embodiments of the present invention application from the perspective of hardware processing. Please refer to Figure 4 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an entity device of a road snow melting and ice removing system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0109] It should be noted that Figure 4 the structure of the system shown is only an example and should not bring any limitations to the functions and usage scopes of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0110] Such as Figure 3As shown, the system includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the program stored in the Read-Only Memory (ROM) 402 or the program loaded from the storage section 408 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 403, such as executing the method in the above embodiments. In the RAM 403, various programs and data required for system operation are also stored. The CPU 401, ROM 402, and RAM 403 are connected to each other via a bus 404. An Input / Output (I / O) interface 405 is also connected to the bus 404.

[0111] The following components are connected to the I / O interface 405: an input section 406 including a camera, an infrared sensor, etc.; an output section 407 including a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 408 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 409 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, a modem, etc. The communication section 409 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 410 is also connected to the I / O interface 405 as required. A removable medium 411, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 410 as required so that a computer program read from it can be installed into the storage section 408 as required.

[0112] Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present invention includes a computer program product that includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes a computer program for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network via the communication section 409, and / or installed from the removable medium 411. When the computer program is executed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) 401, various functions defined in the present invention are executed.

[0113] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in the embodiments of the present invention can be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium can include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and this program can be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present invention, the computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries a computer-readable computer program. Such a propagated data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0114] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Among them, each block in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code, and the above module, program segment, or part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks shown may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram or flowchart, as well as the combination of blocks in the block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system for performing the specified functions or operations, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0115] As another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the system described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately without being assembled into the system. The above storage medium carries one or more computer programs, and when the one or more computer programs are executed by a processor of a system, the system implements the method provided in the above embodiments.

[0116] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application.

[0117] As used in the above embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when..." can be interpreted as "if...", or "after...", or "in response to determining...", or "in response to detecting...". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "when determining..." or "if detecting (the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "if determining...", or "in response to determining...", or "when detecting (the stated condition or event)", or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

[0118] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wirelessly (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid-state drive), etc.

[0119] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by hardware instructed by a computer program. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as ROM, random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk that can store program code.

Claims

1. A method for snow melting and ice removal on road surfaces based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage, characterized in that, Including: During a first time period, close the second heat exchange pipe network and open the first heat exchange pipe network, so that the absorbed road surface heat is transported to the first heat exchange pipe network through a circulating working fluid for heat storage. The first heat exchange pipe network is arranged in the lower cushion layer of the tunnel floor slab, and the second heat exchange pipe network is arranged in the cement stabilized macadam leveling layer of the road surface structure. The first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network are connected through a pipeline system to form a closed-loop circulation system; During a second time period, when the road surface temperature detected according to the temperature sensor is lower than a preset first temperature threshold, open the second heat exchange pipe network. The ambient temperature during the first time period is greater than a preset second temperature threshold, and the ambient temperature during the second time period is not greater than the preset second temperature threshold. The preset first temperature threshold is less than the preset second temperature threshold; Calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature; When it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is not less than the target heat, control the first heat exchange pipe network to dissipate the current heat to the road surface; When it is determined that the current heat stored in the first heat exchange pipe network is less than the target heat, adjust the circulating working fluid flow rates of the first heat exchange pipe network and the second heat exchange pipe network, and control the heat pump system to heat the circulating working fluid to maintain the road surface temperature within a preset temperature range.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature specifically includes: Obtain the environmental parameters during the second time period, and the environmental parameters include wind speed and humidity; Calculate the target heat required for snow melting and ice removal according to the road surface temperature, the wind speed, the humidity and a heat calculation function.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The heat calculation function is: ； In the above function, the is the target heat, the is the wind speed correction coefficient, the is the latent heat of fusion, the is the convective heat transfer, the is the heat conduction, the is the radiative heat transfer.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein After controlling the heat pump system to heat the circulating working fluid to maintain the road surface temperature within a preset temperature range, the method further includes: Obtain the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network and the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; Calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and calculate the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network; When the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network is less than a preset power threshold, determine the releasable heat and the maximum heat dissipation power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity; Adjust the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat dissipation power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the releasable heat and the maximum heat dissipation power, so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The calculating the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and calculating the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network specifically includes: Obtain the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid; Calculate the heat storage capacity of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the first heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, the temperature difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat storage time. Calculate the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network based on the circulating working fluid flow rate of the second heat exchange pipe network, the specific heat capacity of the circulating working fluid, and the temperature difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the second heat exchange pipe network.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein Determining the releasable heat and the maximum heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network based on the heat storage capacity specifically includes: Obtain the lowest allowable outlet temperature and the preset release time of the first heat exchange pipe network; Calculate the releasable heat based on the product of the heat storage capacity and the preset heat utilization efficiency; Divide the releasable heat by the preset release time to obtain the maximum heat release power.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Adjusting the heating power of the heat pump system and the heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the releasable heat and the maximum heat release power so that the total heat dissipation power of the road surface is maximized specifically includes: Obtain the target heat dissipation power required by the road surface; Determine the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network according to the releasable heat and the target heat dissipation power within the range not exceeding the maximum heat release power; Based on the target heat dissipation power, the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, and the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network, determine the heating power required by the heat pump system; Adjust the power ratio of the first heat exchange pipe network and the heat pump system so that the sum of the actual heat release power of the first heat exchange pipe network, the heat dissipation power of the second heat exchange pipe network, and the heating power of the heat pump system reaches the maximum value.

8. A pavement snow melting and ice removing system based on geothermal energy tunnel heat storage, characterized in that, The system includes: One or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the system to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction runs on the system, it causes the system to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product runs on the system, it causes the system to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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