Intelligent window device coupled with electrochromism, photochromism and radiation refrigeration

Abstract

The electrochromism, photochromism and radiation refrigeration coupled intelligent window device comprises a color changing module, a radiation refrigeration module, two glass substrates and a controller module, the color changing module comprises an electrochromic module, an electrochromic-photochromic coupling color changing module and a conductive diaphragm. On the basis of relatively independently controlling the visible light transmittance and the near-infrared transmittance based on electrochromism, the external illumination intensity is perceived through photochromism, the light transmittance is adaptively reduced, the problem that a traditional intelligent window is single in regulation and control mode and control strategy is solved, and the control effect is improved. Efficient control over the indoor environment through the intelligent window in the complex environment is effectively achieved; effective combination of the dimming glass and the radiation refrigeration technology is achieved, the problems that the temperature of the glass is high and heat is transferred indoors under the conditions that the transmittance of the glass is reduced and the absorptivity of the glass is increased are solved, the temperature of the glass is effectively reduced through the radiation refrigeration technology, the energy-saving efficiency is improved, and the service life of the glass is prolonged. And the dual requirements of a user on energy conservation and a comfortable environment are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly to an electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. Background Art

[0002] Existing intelligent window color-changing technologies include electrochromic technology, photochromic technology and thermochromic technology. The electrochromic intelligent window color-changing technology adjusts the light transmittance by applying a voltage to change the optical properties of electrochromic materials (such as tungsten oxide) in the window.

[0003] The limitations in the current development of intelligent windows are as follows:

[0004] (1) Most existing intelligent windows uniformly regulate the entire wavelength band. That is, under a certain field stimulation, the transmittance of solar radiation (including visible light and near-infrared bands) decreases, and the relative independent regulation of visible light and near-infrared cannot be achieved.

[0005] (2) Most current intelligent window devices are single-response color-changing, such as single electrochromic, single thermochromic, single photochromic devices, etc. This results in a low efficiency of the intelligent window control strategy. The single-response regulation method and single active or passive control strategy cannot meet the efficient regulation of intelligent windows in complex environments, and thus cannot achieve the efficient creation of an indoor light and heat environment.

[0006] (3) Most intelligent color-changing window devices cannot be effectively combined with radiative cooling technology. When the intelligent window is colored, its own absorption rate increases, resulting in a relatively high temperature of the intelligent window itself in the colored state, increasing the heat transfer to the indoor side and the cooling load of the air conditioner. It is impossible to create an indoor green and energy-saving comfortable light and heat environment, and it is difficult to meet the dual requirements of users for energy conservation and comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, including: a color-changing module, a radiative cooling module, two glass substrates, and a controller module.

[0008] Both sides of the color-changing module are respectively encapsulated by two glass substrates, and a radiative cooling module is provided on one side of one of the glass substrates away from the color-changing module.

[0009] The color-changing module includes an electrochromic module, an electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module, and a conductive diaphragm.

[0010] The electrochromic module and the electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module are connected together through a conductive diaphragm.

[0011] The electrochromic module adjusts the transmittance at the lower end of the intelligent window device by applying a voltage.

[0012] The electro - electro - optical coupling color - changing module adjusts the transmittance at the upper end of the smart window device by applying a voltage and changing the light intensity.

[0013] The conductive diaphragm is used to isolate the electrochromic module and the electro - electro - optical coupling color - changing module.

[0014] The radiative cooling module realizes cooling by radiating heat to the outside.

[0015] The glass substrate serves as the carrier of the smart window device.

[0016] The controller module is used to control the operation mode of the color - changing module.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrochromic module includes an electrochromic anodic color - changing layer, an electrochromic cathodic color - changing layer, an electrochromic electrolyte layer, and two ITO conductive layers.

[0018] One side of the electrochromic electrolyte layer contacts the electrochromic anodic color - changing layer, and the other side contacts the electrochromic cathodic color - changing layer.

[0019] The other side of the electrochromic anodic color - changing layer contacts one ITO conductive layer.

[0020] The other side of the electrochromic cathodic color - changing layer contacts the other ITO conductive layer.

[0021] The electrochromic anodic color - changing layer loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0022] The electrochromic cathodic color - changing layer gains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0023] The electrochromic electrolyte layer transports electrons through the migration of ions.

[0024] The ITO conductive layer is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit and is used to transmit the voltage signal.

[0025] Furthermore, the electrochromic anodic color - changing layer selects a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0026] The electrochromic cathodic color - changing layer selects a WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0027] The electrochromic electrolyte layer selects a gel electrolyte.

[0028] Furthermore, the electro - electro - optical coupling color - changing module includes an electro - electro - optical coupling anodic color - changing layer, an electro - electro - optical coupling cathodic color - changing layer, an electro - electro - optical coupling color - changing electrolyte layer, and two ITO conductive layers.

[0029] One side of the electro-optically coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer contacts the electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer, and the other side contacts the electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0030] The other side of the electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer contacts a layer of ITO conductive layer.

[0031] The other side of the electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer contacts another layer of ITO conductive layer.

[0032] The electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0033] The electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer obtains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0034] The electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer and the electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer regulate the transmittance of the smart window device by changing the light intensity.

[0035] The electro-optically coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer transports electrons through the migration of ions.

[0036] The ITO conductive layer is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting voltage signals.

[0037] Furthermore, the electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer selects a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0038] The electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer selects a Nb- and Ti-doped WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0039] The electro-optically coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer selects a gel electrolyte.

[0040] Furthermore, the operation modes of the electrochromic module include a fully transparent mode, a near-infrared regulation mode, and a visible light regulation mode.

[0041] When the electrochromic module is in the fully transparent mode, outdoor solar visible light and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation irradiate the smart window device, and indoors, the transmitted solar visible light and transmitted solar near-infrared radiation, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation, are received.

[0042] When the electrochromic module is in the near-infrared regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation irradiate the smart window device, and indoors, the transmitted solar visible light and part of the transmitted solar near-infrared radiation, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light and part of the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation, are received.

[0043] When the color-changing module is in the visible light regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation irradiate the intelligent window device, and the indoor part receives the penetrated solar visible light and the heat carried by part of the outdoor solar visible light.

[0044] Furthermore, the operating mode is selected based on the outdoor temperature, the outdoor radiation intensity, and the subjective feelings of indoor occupants.

[0045] The conditions for selecting the operating mode based on the outdoor temperature and the outdoor radiation intensity are as follows:

[0046] When the outdoor air temperature is less than or equal to the threshold value a, or when there is no air-conditioning cooling load indoors, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode, where a is a positive number.

[0047] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity does not exceed the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where b is a positive number.

[0048] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity is greater than the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode.

[0049] The conditions for selecting the operating mode based on the subjective feelings of indoor occupants are as follows:

[0050] Indoor occupants input the solar radiation heat requirement and the illuminance requirement into the controller module.

[0051] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode, where c is a positive number.

[0052] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where d is a positive number.

[0053] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor occupants to enter the room is greater than the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode.

[0054] Furthermore, the controller module includes a dynamic threshold adjustment unit and a user habit learning unit.

[0055] The dynamic threshold adjustment unit dynamically optimizes the threshold conditions for operating mode switching based on a machine learning algorithm, and the steps are as follows:

[0056] s1 Obtain the solar radiation heat requirement and the illuminance requirement input by indoor occupants.

[0057] Obtain the historical environmental parameters and the corresponding operating modes, and construct a data set.

[0058] The historical environmental parameters include outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, and light intensity.

[0059] S2 Analyze the data set based on a machine learning algorithm to establish a mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operating modes.

[0060] The machine learning algorithm includes a clustering algorithm and a neural network model.

[0061] S3 Dynamically correct the threshold based on the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operating modes, as well as the solar radiation heat requirement and illuminance requirement input by indoor personnel, and use the corrected threshold to select the operating mode.

[0062] The user habit learning unit records the manual intervention of indoor personnel on the operating mode, establishes a preference model, and uses the preference model to select the preferentially recommended operating mode.

[0063] If the indoor personnel have not intervened in the operating mode, the selection is made according to the threshold corrected by the dynamic threshold adjustment unit.

[0064] Furthermore, when the outdoor light intensity is greater than the threshold e (e is a positive number), the transmittance of the electro-optically coupled electrochromic module will automatically decrease.

[0065] Furthermore, the energy radiated by the radiative cooling module to the outside includes mid-infrared and far-infrared radiation.

[0066] The materials used in the radiative cooling module include SiO2, TiO2, and their composites.

[0067] The technical effects of the present invention are beyond doubt. Guided by heat transfer and building environment theories, the present invention designs an electrochromic, photochromic, and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. By combining electrochromic technology with photochromic technology, the intelligent window device can, on the basis of actively controlling the transmittance of the electrochromic intelligent window, sense the external light intensity through the photochromic module and adaptively reduce the light transmittance to prevent glare, solving the problem of single traditional intelligent window regulation methods and control strategies, and effectively realizing the efficient control of the indoor environment through the intelligent window in a complex environment; the intelligent window device also effectively combines the dimming glass with the radiative cooling technology, solving the problem that when the transmittance of the glass decreases and the absorption rate increases, the temperature of the glass itself is relatively high and further transfers heat to the room. The temperature of the glass itself is effectively reduced through the radiative cooling technology, thereby reducing the indoor air-conditioning cooling load, further improving the energy-saving efficiency, and meeting the dual needs of users for energy conservation and a comfortable environment.

[0068] The electrochromic, photochromic, and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device realizes the effects of personalized comfort optimization and energy conservation, greatly improving the user experience.

[0069] The intelligent window device provided by the present invention includes: an electrochromic module, which can regulate the transmittance of solar radiation through the glass in this area by actively controlling the voltage; a photo / electrochromic coupling module, which can be affected by the light illuminance on the basis of the electrochromic module and automatically turn into a dark state in strong light to protect the human eyes and improve the light environment regulation performance of the intelligent window; a radiative cooling module, which can reduce the surface temperature of the intelligent window by radiating heat to the sky and improve the thermal environment regulation performance of the intelligent window under hot conditions. Users can flexibly regulate the indoor light and heat environment according to subjective needs to meet different indoor environmental requirements. At the same time, the intelligent window has excellent self-adaptive anti-glare performance, automatically senses the external light environment to protect the human eyes, meets the needs of complex environments where the light transmittance of the intelligent window cannot be actively controlled, and realizes efficient and intelligent indoor light and heat regulation to improve comfort and energy efficiency.

[0070] The present invention has selectable automatic regulation strategies. Indoor personnel can select based on outdoor temperature and outdoor radiation intensity, and adopt corresponding intelligent window control strategies according to subjective requirements for indoor temperature and indoor illuminance to achieve self-adaptive intelligent control of the intelligent window. For example, when it is necessary to reduce the solar radiation heat entering the room and there is a certain requirement for illuminance, the near-infrared regulation mode can be selected to block near-infrared radiation; when it is necessary to reduce the solar radiation heat entering the room and there is no requirement for illuminance, the visible light regulation mode can be selected to completely block near-infrared radiation and a large amount of visible light, and reduce the indoor temperature to the greatest extent; when it is necessary to increase the solar radiation heat entering the room and it is necessary to increase the indoor illuminance, the fully transparent mode can be selected to allow a large amount of visible light and near-infrared radiation to transmit into the room. Using this strategy can efficiently create the required indoor light and heat environment. Description of the Drawings

[0071] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and working state of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the color-changing layer of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the control system of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the control method of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the application of the intelligent window device provided by the present invention to the front windshield of an automobile;

[0076] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the color-changing area within the driver's line of sight;

[0077] In the figure, there are an electrochromic module 1, an electro-optic coupled chromogenic module 2, a radiative cooling module 3, a glass substrate 4, outdoor solar visible light 5, outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6, transmitted solar visible light 7, transmitted solar near-infrared radiation 8, mid- and far-infrared radiation 9, an electro-optic coupled anodic chromogenic layer 10, an electro-optic coupled cathodic chromogenic layer 11, an electrochromic anodic chromogenic layer 12, an electrochromic cathodic chromogenic layer 13, an electro-optic coupled chromogenic electrolyte layer 14, an electrochromic electrolyte layer 15, a conductive separator 16, and an ITO conductive layer 17. Detailed implementation manners

[0078] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but it should not be understood that the above-mentioned subject scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments only. Without departing from the above technical idea of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications made according to common general knowledge and conventional means in the art should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] Embodiment 1:

[0080] Refer to Figures 1 to 6 , an electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, including: a chromogenic module, a radiative cooling module 3, two glass substrates 4, and a controller module.

[0081] Both sides of the chromogenic module are respectively encapsulated by two glass substrates 4, and a radiative cooling module 3 is provided on one side of one of the glass substrates 4 away from the chromogenic module.

[0082] The chromogenic module includes an electrochromic module 1, an electro-optic coupled chromogenic module 2, and a conductive separator 16.

[0083] The electrochromic module 1 and the electro-optic coupled chromogenic module 2 are connected together through a conductive separator 16.

[0084] The electrochromic module 1 adjusts the transmittance at the lower end of the intelligent window device by applying a voltage.

[0085] The electro-optic coupled chromogenic module 2 adjusts the transmittance at the upper end of the intelligent window device by applying a voltage and changing the light intensity.

[0086] The conductive separator 16 is used to isolate the electrochromic module 1 and the electro-optic coupled chromogenic module 2.

[0087] The radiative cooling module 3 realizes cooling by radiating heat to the outside.

[0088] The glass substrate 4 serves as a carrier of the intelligent window device.

[0089] The controller module is used to control the operation mode of the chromogenic module.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content is as described in Example 1. Further, the electrochromic module 1 includes an electrochromic anodic layer 12, an electrochromic cathodic layer 13, an electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 and two ITO conductive layers 17.

[0092] One side of the electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 contacts the electrochromic anodic layer 12, and the other side contacts the electrochromic cathodic layer 13.

[0093] The other side of the electrochromic anodic layer 12 contacts one ITO conductive layer 17.

[0094] The other side of the electrochromic cathodic layer 13 contacts the other ITO conductive layer 17.

[0095] The electrochromic anodic layer 12 loses electrons through a voltage signal input by an external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the intelligent window device.

[0096] The electrochromic cathodic layer 13 gains electrons through a voltage signal input by an external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the intelligent window device.

[0097] The electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 transports electrons through the migration of ions.

[0098] The ITO conductive layer 17 is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting the voltage signal.

[0099] Example 3:

[0100] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content is as described in any one of Examples 1 to 2. Further, the electrochromic anodic layer 12 is selected as a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0101] The electrochromic cathodic layer 13 is selected as a WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0102] The electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 is selected as a gel electrolyte.

[0103] Example 4:

[0104] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content is as described in any one of Examples 1 to 3. Further, the electro - photochromic coupled color - change module 2 includes an electro - photochromic coupled anodic layer 10, an electro - photochromic coupled cathodic layer 11, an electro - photochromic coupled color - change electrolyte layer 14 and two ITO conductive layers 17.

[0105] One side of the electro-optic coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer 14 is in contact with the electro-optic coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10, and the other side is in contact with the electro-optic coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11.

[0106] The other side of the electro-optic coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 is in contact with an ITO conductive layer 17.

[0107] The other side of the electro-optic coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 is in contact with another ITO conductive layer 17.

[0108] The electro-optic coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0109] The electro-optic coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 obtains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0110] The electro-optic coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 and the electro-optic coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 regulate the transmittance of the smart window device by changing the light intensity.

[0111] The electro-optic coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer 14 transports electrons through the migration of ions.

[0112] The ITO conductive layer 17 is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting voltage signals.

[0113] Example 5:

[0114] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is as described in any one of Examples 1 to 4. Further, the electro-optic coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 is selected as a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0115] The electro-optic coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 is selected as a Nb, Ti-doped WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0116] The electro-optic coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer 14 is selected as a gel electrolyte.

[0117] Example 6:

[0118] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is as described in any one of Examples 1 to 5. Further, the operation modes of the color-changing module include a fully transparent mode, a near-infrared regulation mode, and a visible light regulation mode.

[0119] When the color-changing module is in the fully transparent mode, outdoor solar visible light 5 and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the intelligent window device, and the indoor environment receives the transmitted solar visible light 7 and transmitted solar near-infrared radiation 8, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light 5 and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6.

[0120] When the color-changing module is in the near-infrared regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light 5 and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the intelligent window device, and the indoor environment receives the transmitted solar visible light 7 and part of the transmitted solar near-infrared radiation 8, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light 5 and part of the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6.

[0121] When the color-changing module is in the visible light regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light 5 and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the intelligent window device, and the indoor environment receives part of the transmitted solar visible light 7, as well as the heat carried by part of the outdoor solar visible light 5.

[0122] Example 7:

[0123] The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 6. Further, the operating mode is selected based on the outdoor temperature, outdoor radiation intensity and the subjective feelings of indoor occupants.

[0124] The conditions for selecting the operating mode based on the outdoor temperature and outdoor radiation intensity are as follows:

[0125] When the outdoor air temperature is less than or equal to the threshold value a, or when there is no air-conditioning cooling load indoors, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode, where a is a positive number.

[0126] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity does not exceed the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where b is a positive number.

[0127] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity is greater than the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode.

[0128] The conditions for selecting the operating mode based on the subjective feelings of indoor occupants are as follows:

[0129] Indoor occupants input the solar radiation heat requirement and illuminance requirement into the controller module.

[0130] When the solar radiation heat requirement for indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode, where c is a positive number.

[0131] When the solar radiation heat requirement for indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where d is a positive number.

[0132] When the indoor personnel's required solar radiation heat entering the room is greater than the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode.

[0133] Example 8:

[0134] The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 7. Further, the controller module includes a dynamic threshold adjustment unit and a user habit learning unit.

[0135] The dynamic threshold adjustment unit dynamically optimizes the threshold conditions for switching operation modes based on a machine learning algorithm. The steps are as follows:

[0136] s1 Obtain the required solar radiation heat and illuminance requirements input by indoor personnel.

[0137] Obtain historical environmental parameters and corresponding operation modes, and construct a data set.

[0138] The historical environmental parameters include outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, and light intensity.

[0139] s2 Analyze the data set based on the machine learning algorithm to establish a mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes.

[0140] The machine learning algorithm includes a clustering algorithm and a neural network model.

[0141] s3 Dynamically correct the threshold based on the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes and the required solar radiation heat and illuminance requirements input by indoor personnel, and use the corrected threshold to select the operation mode.

[0142] The user habit learning unit records the manual intervention of indoor personnel on the operation mode, establishes a preference model, and uses the preference model to select the preferentially recommended operation mode.

[0143] If the indoor personnel have not intervened in the operation mode, the selection is made according to the threshold corrected by the dynamic threshold adjustment unit.

[0144] Example 9:

[0145] The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 8. Further, when the outdoor light intensity is greater than the threshold value e, the transmittance of the electro-photochromic coupling color-changing module 2 will automatically decrease, and e is a positive number.

[0146] Example 10:

[0147] Electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content is shown in any one of Embodiments 1 to 9. Further, the energy radiated by the radiative cooling module 3 to the outside includes mid-infrared and far-infrared radiation 9.

[0148] The materials used in the radiative cooling module 3 include SiO2, TiO2 and their composites.

[0149] Embodiment 11:

[0150] See Figures 1 to 6 The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device includes: a color-changing module, a radiative cooling module 3, two glass substrates 4, and a controller module.

[0151] Both sides of the color-changing module are respectively encapsulated by two glass substrates 4, and a radiative cooling module 3 is provided on one side of one of the glass substrates 4 away from the color-changing module.

[0152] The color-changing module includes an electrochromic module 1, an electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module 2, and a conductive diaphragm 16.

[0153] The electrochromic module 1 and the electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module 2 are connected together through the conductive diaphragm 16.

[0154] The electrochromic module 1 adjusts the transmittance at the lower end of the intelligent window device by applying a voltage.

[0155] The electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module 2 adjusts the transmittance at the upper end of the intelligent window device by applying a voltage and changing the light intensity.

[0156] The conductive diaphragm 16 is used to isolate the electrochromic module 1 and the electro-photochromic coupled color-changing module 2.

[0157] The side of the intelligent window device with the radiative cooling module 3 faces the outside.

[0158] The radiative cooling module 3 achieves cooling by radiating heat to the outside.

[0159] The glass substrate 4 serves as a carrier for the intelligent window device.

[0160] The controller module is used to control the operation mode of the color-changing module.

[0161] Embodiment 12:

[0162] For the electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in Embodiment 11. Further, the electrochromic module 1 includes an electrochromic anodic color-changing layer 12, an electrochromic cathodic color-changing layer 13, an electrochromic electrolyte layer 15, and two ITO conductive layers 17.

[0163] One side of the electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 is in contact with the electrochromic anodic layer 12, and the other side is in contact with the electrochromic cathodic layer 13.

[0164] The other side of the electrochromic anodic layer 12 is in contact with a layer of ITO conductive layer 17.

[0165] The other side of the electrochromic cathodic layer 13 is in contact with another layer of ITO conductive layer 17.

[0166] The electrochromic anodic layer 12 loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0167] The electrochromic cathodic layer 13 gains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0168] The electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 transfers electrons through the migration of ions.

[0169] The ITO conductive layer 17 is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting the voltage signal.

[0170] Example 13:

[0171] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 12. Further, the electrochromic anodic layer 12 is selected as a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0172] The electrochromic cathodic layer 13 is selected as a WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer.

[0173] The electrochromic electrolyte layer 15 is selected as a gel electrolyte.

[0174] Example 14:

[0175] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 13. Further, the electro-optically coupled color-changing module 2 includes an electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer 10, an electro-optically coupled cathodic color-changing layer 11, an electro-optically coupled color-changing electrolyte layer 14 and two layers of ITO conductive layers 17.

[0176] One side of the electro-optically coupled color-changing electrolyte layer 14 is in contact with the electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer 10, and the other side is in contact with the electro-optically coupled cathodic color-changing layer 11.

[0177] The other side of the electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer 10 is in contact with a layer of ITO conductive layer 17.

[0178] The other side of the electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 contacts another ITO conductive layer 17.

[0179] The electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0180] The electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 obtains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device.

[0181] The electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 and the electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 regulate the transmittance of the smart window device by changing the light intensity.

[0182] The electro-optically coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer 14 transports electrons through the migration of ions.

[0183] The ITO conductive layer 17 is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting voltage signals.

[0184] Example 15:

[0185] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 14. Further, the electro-optically coupled anodic electrochromic layer 10 is selected as a NiO anodic electrochromic layer.

[0186] The electro-optically coupled cathodic electrochromic layer 11 is selected as a WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer doped with Nb and Ti.

[0187] The electro-optically coupled electrochromic electrolyte layer 14 is selected as a gel electrolyte.

[0188] Example 16:

[0189] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 15. Further, the operation modes of the color-changing module include a fully transparent mode, a near-infrared regulation mode, and a visible light regulation mode.

[0190] When the color-changing module is in the fully transparent mode, outdoor solar visible light 5 and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the smart window device, and indoor receives the penetrated solar visible light 7 and the penetrated solar near-infrared radiation 8, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light 5 and the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6.

[0191] Full transparent mode: When no voltage is applied or the corresponding fading voltage is applied to the already colored smart window, the color-changing module remains in its initial state, having a high transmittance to visible light and near-infrared radiation, allowing most solar radiation to enter the room, with the best permeability, sufficient lighting, and at the same time bringing a large amount of heat into the room. This mode can be selected when solar light and heat are needed.

[0192] Even in the full transparent mode, the glass has a transmittance, such as 70% or 80%. Therefore, the heat that can be received indoors is the transmittance * the outdoor solar heat, indicating that there is an attenuation of the heat and energy from the outdoor to the indoor because the transmittance ≠ 100%.

[0193] When the color-changing module is in the near-infrared regulation mode, the outdoor solar visible light 5 and the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the smart window device, and the indoor receives the penetrated solar visible light 7 and part of the penetrated solar near-infrared radiation 8, as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light 5 and part of the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6.

[0194] Near-infrared regulation mode: Apply a relatively low voltage to the color-changing module, such as 0 - 2V. At this time, the substances in the anode and cathode color-changing layers of the color-changing module undergo oxidation-reduction reactions under the action of the voltage. The transmittance of the color-changing module to near-infrared radiation decreases significantly, and the transmittance to visible light decreases slightly or remains at a certain value. In the low voltage range, as the applied voltage increases, the transmittance of the smart window to near-infrared radiation decreases. In this mode, the smart window retains the transmittance of visible light and blocks near-infrared radiation, achieving the goal of ensuring the indoor visible light illumination requirement while blocking the heat carried by near-infrared radiation. This mode can be selected when it is necessary to ensure the indoor brightness while reducing the solar heat entering the room.

[0195] When the color-changing module is in the visible light regulation mode, the outdoor solar visible light 5 and the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation 6 irradiate the smart window device, and the indoor receives part of the penetrated solar visible light 7, as well as the heat carried by part of the outdoor solar visible light 5.

[0196] Visible light regulation mode: Apply a relatively high voltage to the color-changing module, such as 2 - 4V. At this time, the transmittance of the color-changing module to near-infrared radiation is 0, that is, it completely blocks near-infrared radiation. However, further increasing the voltage can significantly reduce the transmittance of visible light, and its visible light transmittance adjustment range is about 5% to about 80%. In this mode, the voltage can be adjusted according to the indoor privacy and permeability requirements to freely modulate visible light to a large extent. At the same time, when the visible light transmittance is low, it can also block the solar heat entering the room to the greatest extent, and can significantly reduce the air-conditioning cooling load to achieve energy conservation. This mode can be selected when there are privacy or energy conservation requirements.

[0197] Example 17:

[0198] Electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content can be seen in any one of Embodiments 11 to 16. Further, the operation mode is selected based on the outdoor temperature, outdoor radiation intensity and indoor personnel's subjective feelings.

[0199] The conditions for selecting the operation mode based on the outdoor temperature and outdoor radiation intensity are as follows:

[0200] When the outdoor air temperature is less than or equal to 26°C, or when there is no air-conditioning cooling load indoors, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode.

[0201] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than 26°C and the solar radiation intensity does not exceed 500 W / m 2 ², the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode.

[0202] When the outdoor air temperature is greater than 26°C and the solar radiation intensity is greater than 500 W / m 2 ², the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode.

[0203] The operation mode is not fixed at 26°C and 500 W / m 2 ², and the control strategy and threshold can be optimized through machine learning.

[0204] The conditions for selecting the operation mode based on the indoor personnel's subjective feelings are as follows:

[0205] Indoor personnel input the solar radiation heat requirement and illuminance requirement into the controller module.

[0206] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor personnel to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode, where c is a positive number.

[0207] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor personnel to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where d is a positive number.

[0208] When the solar radiation heat required by indoor personnel to enter the room is greater than the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode.

[0209] The threshold value c and threshold value d here are determined subjectively by people.

[0210] The above two operation modes are satisfied simultaneously, and priority is given to selecting the operation mode based on the indoor personnel's subjective feelings.

[0211] Embodiment 18:

[0212] Electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content can be seen in any one of Embodiments 1 to 17. Further, the controller module includes a dynamic threshold adjustment unit and a user habit learning unit.

[0213] Dynamic threshold adjustment unit: Based on machine learning algorithms, combined with historical environmental data (including temperature, light intensity, solar radiation intensity) and user feedback, dynamically optimize the threshold conditions for operation mode switching;

[0214] User habit learning unit: Record the user's manual intervention behavior for the operation mode, establish a preference model, and automatically recommend or switch the operation mode under similar environmental conditions.

[0215] The dynamic threshold adjustment unit dynamically optimizes the threshold conditions for operation mode switching based on machine learning algorithms. The steps are as follows:

[0216] s1 Obtain the solar radiation heat requirement and illuminance requirement input by indoor personnel.

[0217] Obtain historical environmental parameters and the corresponding operation modes, and construct a data set.

[0218] The historical environmental parameters include outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, and light intensity.

[0219] s2 Analyze the data set based on machine learning algorithms to establish the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes.

[0220] The machine learning algorithms include clustering algorithms and neural network models.

[0221] s3 Based on the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes, and the solar radiation heat requirement and illuminance requirement input by indoor personnel, dynamically correct the threshold, and use the corrected threshold to select the operation mode.

[0222] The dynamic threshold adjustment unit realizes optimization through the following steps:

[0223] Collect real-time environmental parameters (outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, light intensity) and the operation modes manually selected by the user;

[0224] Use clustering algorithms (such as K-means) or neural network models to analyze the data and identify the regularities of the operation modes preferred by users under different environmental characteristics;

[0225] Dynamically adjust the threshold conditions to make the mode switching more in line with the actual needs. For example:

[0226] When the user frequently manually switches to the visible light regulation mode at an outdoor temperature of 28°C, the system gradually corrects the original threshold of 26°C to 28°C;

[0227] When the correlation between solar radiation intensity and light intensity is identified as non - linear, a multi - parameter weighted model is adopted to replace the fixed threshold.

[0228] The user habit learning unit records the manual intervention of indoor personnel on the operation mode, establishes a preference model, and uses the preference model to select the operation mode for priority recommendation.

[0229] If the indoor personnel have not intervened in the operation mode, the selection is made according to the threshold corrected by the dynamic threshold adjustment unit.

[0230] The user habit learning unit is implemented in the following way:

[0231] When the user manually switches the operation mode under specific environmental conditions for multiple consecutive times, the system records this selection as a priority recommendation strategy;

[0232] If the user has not intervened for a long time, the optimized mode generated by the dynamic threshold adjustment unit is adopted by default.

[0233] Embodiment 19:

[0234] An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in any one of Embodiments 1 to 18. Further, the controller module is built - in with a dynamic threshold adjustment unit, and its working process is as follows:

[0235] Data acquisition: The sensor monitors the outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, light intensity in real - time, and records the operation mode (fully transparent, near - infrared regulation, visible - light regulation) manually selected by the user.

[0236] Model training: Adopt time - series analysis (such as LSTM neural network) or supervised learning algorithm (such as random forest) to establish the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and user selection.

[0237] Threshold dynamic correction: In the initial stage, the default threshold is used (such as 26 °C, 500 W / m 2 ); when the model detects that the deviation between the user preference and the default threshold exceeds 10%, the threshold is automatically adjusted to the new cluster center value.

[0238] Mode switching: The corrected threshold is used to control the voltage application strategy of the electrochromic module and the electro - photo - coupled color - change module.

[0239] By dynamically optimizing the threshold through machine learning, the regulation lag or misjudgment caused by the fixed threshold is avoided. For example, it can flexibly adapt to the temperature difference change in the transition season (such as spring and autumn).

[0240] Preference Modeling: The system records the manual operations of users in scenarios such as sunny days, cloudy days, high temperature / low temperature, etc., and generates user profiles. For example: User A prefers the visible light regulation mode under strong sunlight in summer, while preferring the fully transparent mode in winter; User B always gives priority to the near-infrared regulation mode to balance daylighting and heat insulation. Recommendation Strategy: When the matching degree between environmental parameters and historical preference scenarios exceeds 80%, automatically switch to the user's common mode;

[0241] Through this learning function of user habit adaptive control, the frequency of manual operations is reduced, while the right of manual intervention is reserved, taking into account both automation and the subjective needs of users.

[0242] Example 20:

[0243] Electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content can be found in any one of Examples 11 to 19. Further, when the outdoor light intensity is greater than 80000 lux, the transmittance of the electro-optic coupled color-changing module 2 will automatically decrease.

[0244] This intelligent window has an adaptive light-sensing adjustment function. The transmittance of the electro-optic coupled color-changing module can be affected by the light intensity. When the outdoor illuminance is greater than 80000 lux, the transmittance of this area will automatically decrease to prevent strong light. When it is necessary to increase the visible light transmittance of this area, a corresponding voltage can be applied to change its visible light transmittance.

[0245] Example 21:

[0246] Electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content can be found in any one of Examples 11 to 20. Further, the energy radiated by the radiative cooling module 3 to the outside includes mid-infrared and far-infrared radiation 9.

[0247] The materials used in the radiative cooling module 3 include SiO2, TiO2 and their composites.

[0248] The radiative cooling module 3 can use materials with high mid-infrared and far-infrared emissivity, such as SiO2, TiO2 and their composites.

[0249] This intelligent window also has a radiative cooling function. By the high emissivity of the radiative cooling module to mid-infrared and far-infrared radiation, heat is radiated to the sky cold source, achieving the effect of reducing the temperature of the glass itself, and further improving the thermal comfort and energy-saving performance in hot climates.

[0250] Example 22:

[0251] See Figures 1 to 6 , electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device. The main technical content includes:

[0252] Electrochromic module: It can achieve adjustable control of transmittance by applying voltage, has good redox reversibility and cycle stability, and has significant transmittance change, specifically related to electrochemical principles.

[0253] Electro-optically coupled chromic module: On the basis of having electrochromic properties, it can also change transmittance under the influence of light, such as WO3 material.

[0254] Radiative cooling module: It has a high emissivity in the mid- and far-infrared bands and can radiate heat to the sky to achieve a cooling effect.

[0255] Anode / Cathode color-changing layer: A color-changing layer using different electrochromic materials, which provides the effect of transmittance change.

[0256] Electrolyte layer: Provides ion transport for the electrochemical reaction of electrochromism.

[0257] Conductive separator: Separates the electrochromic module and the electro-optically coupled chromic module to prevent the exchange of color-changing substances, and has a very small thickness.

[0258] ITO conductive layer: Serves as the substrate for the attachment of the color-changing layer and has good electrical conductivity at the same time.

[0259] Glass substrate: Serves as the basic carrier of the smart window device.

[0260] See Figure 1 , the electrochromic module 1 and the electro-optically coupled chromic module 2 are sandwiched in the glass substrate 4 in a sandwich-like layered structure, and the radiative cooling module 3 is attached to the outside of the glass substrate facing the outdoor side; among them, the electrochromic module 1 and the electro-optically coupled chromic module 2 together form the color-changing layer. The radiative cooling module is in direct contact with the outdoor air to ensure good radiative heat dissipation performance to the sky.

[0261] See Figure 2 , the color-changing layer is in a sandwich-like layered structure. The electrolyte layer is sandwiched between the anode color-changing layer and the cathode color-changing layer, and the outermost layer is the ITO conductive layer. The control electrode is connected to the ITO conductive layer to form an electrical circuit for applying voltage to control the coloring state of the color-changing layer. Among them, the upper part of the color-changing layer is the electro-optically coupled chromic module, which is composed of the electro-optically coupled anode color-changing layer 10, the electro-optically coupled cathode color-changing layer 11, and the electro-optically coupled electrolyte layer 15. In addition to being able to change the transmittance driven by voltage, it can also change the transmittance under the influence of light intensity; the lower part is the electrochromic module, which is composed of the electro-anode color-changing layer 12, the electro-cathode color-changing layer 13, and the electro-electrolyte layer 15, and can only change the transmittance driven by voltage. The electrochromic module 1 and the electro-optically coupled chromic module 2 are separated by a conductive separator 16 to prevent the exchange of substances in different modules, and the thickness is very small.

[0262] Working principle: This electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device can be set to different transmittance modes according to different environments. The operating modes include a fully transparent mode, a near-infrared regulation mode, and a visible light regulation mode. Under different environments, the voltage can be regulated according to requirements, and different operating modes can be flexibly selected to achieve independent control of heat and light in solar radiation.

[0263] Fully transparent mode: When no voltage is applied or the corresponding fading voltage is applied to the colored intelligent window, the color-changing module remains in its initial state, having a high transmittance to visible light and near-infrared radiation, allowing most solar radiation to enter the room. The permeability is the best, with sufficient light, and at the same time, a large amount of heat is carried into the room. This mode can be selected when solar light and heat are needed.

[0264] Near-infrared regulation mode: A relatively low voltage, such as 0 - 2V, is applied to the color-changing module. At this time, the substances in the anode and cathode color-changing layers of the color-changing module undergo oxidation-reduction reactions under the action of the voltage. The transmittance of the color-changing module to near-infrared radiation decreases significantly, and the transmittance to visible light decreases slightly or remains at a certain value. Within the low voltage range, as the applied voltage increases, the transmittance of the intelligent window to near-infrared radiation decreases. In this mode, the intelligent window retains the transmittance of visible light and blocks near-infrared radiation, achieving the goal of ensuring the indoor visible light illumination demand while blocking the heat carried by near-infrared radiation. This mode can be selected when it is necessary to ensure the indoor brightness while reducing the solar heat entering the room.

[0265] Visible light regulation mode: A relatively high voltage, such as 2 - 4V, is applied to the color-changing module. At this time, the transmittance of the color-changing module to near-infrared radiation is 0, that is, near-infrared radiation is completely blocked. However, further increasing the voltage can significantly reduce the transmittance of visible light, and its visible light transmittance adjustment range is about 5% to about 80%. In this mode, the voltage can be regulated according to the indoor privacy and permeability requirements to freely modulate visible light to a large extent. At the same time, at a low visible light transmittance, it can also block the solar heat entering the room to the greatest extent, and can greatly reduce the air-conditioning cooling load to achieve energy conservation. This mode can be selected when there are privacy or energy-saving requirements.

[0266] At the same time, this intelligent window has an adaptive photosensitive adjustment function. The transmittance of the electro-optically coupled color-changing module can be affected by the light intensity. When the outdoor illuminance is greater than 80000 lux, the transmittance of this area will automatically decrease to prevent strong light. When it is necessary to increase the visible light transmittance of this area, the corresponding voltage can be applied to change its visible light transmittance.

[0267] In addition, this intelligent window also has a radiative cooling function. Through the radiative cooling module, heat is radiated to the sky cold source with a high emissivity for mid- and far-infrared radiation, achieving the effect of reducing the temperature of the glass itself, and further improving the thermal comfort and energy-saving performance in hot climates.

[0268] This system has selectable automatic control strategies. Indoor occupants can select based on outdoor temperature, outdoor radiation intensity, and according to subjective requirements for indoor temperature and indoor illuminance, and adopt corresponding intelligent window control strategies to achieve adaptive intelligent control of the intelligent window. For example, when it is necessary to reduce the solar radiation heat entering the room and there is a certain requirement for illuminance, the near-infrared regulation mode can be selected to block near-infrared radiation; when it is necessary to reduce the solar radiation heat entering the room and there is no requirement for illuminance, the visible light regulation mode can be selected to completely block near-infrared radiation and block a large amount of visible light, minimizing the indoor temperature; when it is necessary to increase the solar radiation heat entering the room and it is necessary to increase the indoor illuminance, the fully transparent mode can be selected to allow a large amount of visible light and near-infrared radiation to transmit into the room. Using this strategy can efficiently create the required indoor light and heat environment.

[0269] Figure 3 It is the structure diagram of the control system of the present invention. The main structures of the present invention include an electrochromic module, an electro-optic coupled chromic module, and a radiative cooling module: by actively regulating the voltage, the transmittance of the electrochromic and electro-optic coupled chromic modules to solar radiation can be changed, thereby regulating the indoor light and heat environment; the electrochromic and photochromic modules can also passively sense the light intensity, and when the light intensity is greater than a certain value, the transmittance is reduced to block part of the light and regulate the indoor light and heat environment; the radiative cooling module can reduce the surface temperature of the intelligent window through sky radiation cooling, improving the regulation efficiency of the indoor light and heat environment.

[0270] Figure 4 It is the flowchart of the control method of the present invention. First, the system makes an outdoor thermal environment judgment and an outdoor light environment judgment based on the outdoor meteorological environment, including outdoor air temperature, solar radiation intensity, and outdoor light intensity. Specifically, when the outdoor air temperature is less than or equal to 26 °C, or when there is no air-conditioning cooling load indoors, the system recommends that the intelligent window use the fully transparent mode to allow a large amount of near-infrared radiation and visible light to enter the room; when the outdoor air temperature is greater than 26 °C and the solar radiation intensity does not exceed 500 W / m 2 At this time, it can be considered that there will be an air-conditioning cooling load indoors, but the solar radiation intensity and light are relatively small, so the system recommends that the intelligent window use the near-infrared adjustment mode to block a certain amount of near-infrared radiation and ensure that more visible light enters the room to achieve the effect of heat insulation without blocking light; when the outdoor air temperature is greater than 26 °C and the solar radiation intensity is greater than 500 W / m 2At this time, it can be considered that the outdoors will cause a large amount of air-conditioning cooling load to the indoors. Therefore, the system recommends that the intelligent window use the visible light adjustment mode to completely isolate the near-infrared radiation and isolate a certain amount of visible light, reducing the heat transfer from solar radiation to the indoors to reduce the air-conditioning cooling load and lower the indoor temperature. After the system gives a recommendation, it is also necessary to make a selection according to the user's indoor light and heat requirements before the operation can be executed. When the user's requirement is no need for light and heat insulation, the system will not apply voltage or apply the corresponding fading voltage to execute the fully transparent mode; when the requirement is heat insulation without light isolation, the system will apply a voltage of 0-2V to the intelligent window to execute the near-infrared adjustment mode; when the requirement is to isolate light and heat, the system will apply a voltage of 2-4V to the intelligent window to execute the visible light adjustment mode.

[0271] At the same time, when the outdoor light intensity is greater than 80000 lux, the electro-optically coupled color-changing module automatically reduces the transmittance. At this time, it is judged whether the indoor personnel illumination requirement is met. If it is met, there is no action. If it is not met, it is judged according to the indoor personnel's light and heat requirements, and the fully transparent mode, near-infrared adjustment mode or visible light adjustment mode is selected to change the control voltage for transmittance adjustment until the requirement is met.

[0272] Other descriptions:

[0273] 1. As long as the electro-optically coupled color-changing module responds to optical parameters such as outdoor illumination and light intensity to adaptively reduce the transmittance; all technical or system forms in which the color-changing module actively regulates the transmittance with reference to outdoor air temperature and solar radiation intensity are not limited to the reference parameters of 80000 lux, 26 °C, 500 W / m 2 etc. should be within the protection scope of this patent.

[0274] 2. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiation refrigeration coupled window described in this patent can be technically realized and applied. The electrochromic module can use ordinary electrochromic materials (such as WO3 cathode electrochromic layer - gel electrolyte - NiO anode electrochromic layer), and the electro-optically coupled color-changing module can achieve the above effects through methods such as "WO3 cathode electrochromic layer doped with elements such as Nb and Ti - gel electrolyte - NiO anode electrochromic layer". This patent mainly focuses on the device structure and the application of light and heat control technology, and does not explain the material technical details here.

[0275] Embodiment 23:

[0276] The electrochromic, photochromic and radiation refrigeration coupled intelligent window device, the main technical content is shown in Embodiment 22. Further, Figure 5The intelligent window shown can be applied to the front windshield of a vehicle. When the vehicle is in motion, the driver needs to stay focused and it is difficult to actively achieve efficient control of the intelligent window in a complex environment. During driving, the transmittance of the front windshield should comply with national standards, maintaining a transmittance of more than 70% to ensure the driving vision. However, under strong sunlight conditions (in this example, the illuminance > 80000 lux, as long as it responds to optical parameters such as external illuminance and light intensity and adaptively reduces the transmittance, it is within the scope of protection of this patent), it will have an adverse impact on the driver's line of sight and endanger driving. As Figure 6 shown, the upper region of the front windshield window (the horizontal height of the lower boundary of the region is slightly higher than the upper edge of the driver's horizontal line of sight region) is an electro-optically coupled color-changing region, which automatically reduces the transmittance under the influence of strong light, thereby protecting the driver's line of sight and driving safety.

[0277] In the parked state, the transmittance of the vehicle window does not need to meet the safety standards during driving. Therefore, all vehicle windows can apply the intelligent window of the present invention. In hot climates, the visible light adjustment mode is used to adjust the intelligent window to a low transmittance state, completely isolating near-infrared radiation and most of the visible light, minimizing the solar radiation heat entering the vehicle, avoiding extreme high temperatures inside the vehicle under parking conditions, and thus greatly reducing the air-conditioning cooling load required to restore the vehicle interior to a comfortable temperature when starting the vehicle, saving energy consumption.

Claims

1. An electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device, characterized in that, Comprising: a color-changing module, a radiative cooling module (3), two glass substrates (4), and a controller module; Both sides of the color-changing module are respectively encapsulated by two glass substrates (4), and a radiative cooling module (3) is provided on one side of one of the glass substrates (4) away from the color-changing module. The color-changing module includes an electrochromic module (1), an electro-optochromic coupling color-changing module (2), and a conductive diaphragm (16); The electrochromic module (1) and the electro-optochromic coupling color-changing module (2) are connected together through the conductive diaphragm (16); The electrochromic module (1) adjusts the transmittance at the lower end of the smart window device by applying a voltage; The electro-optochromic coupling color-changing module (2) adjusts the transmittance at the upper end of the smart window device by applying a voltage and changing the light intensity; The conductive diaphragm (16) is used to isolate the electrochromic module (1) and the electro-optochromic coupling color-changing module (2); The radiative cooling module (3) achieves cooling by radiating heat to the outside; The glass substrate (4) serves as a carrier of the smart window device; The controller module is used to control the operation mode of the color-changing module.

2. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 1, wherein The electrochromic module (1) includes an electrochromic anodic layer (12), an electrochromic cathodic layer (13), an electrochromic electrolyte layer (15), and two layers of ITO conductive layers (17); One side of the electrochromic electrolyte layer (15) contacts the electrochromic anodic layer (12), and the other side contacts the electrochromic cathodic layer (13); The other side of the electrochromic anodic layer (12) contacts one layer of ITO conductive layer (17); The other side of the electrochromic cathodic layer (13) contacts the other layer of ITO conductive layer (17); The electrochromic anodic layer (12) loses electrons through a voltage signal input by an external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device; The electrochromic cathodic layer (13) obtains electrons through a voltage signal input by an external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device; The electrochromic electrolyte layer (15) transports electrons through the migration of ions; The ITO conductive layer (17) is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting a voltage signal.

3. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 2, wherein The electrochromic anodic layer (12) is selected as a NiO anodic electrochromic layer; The electrochromic cathodic layer (13) is selected as a WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer; The electrochromic electrolyte layer (15) is selected as a gel electrolyte.

4. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 1, wherein The electro-optochromic coupling color-changing module (2) includes an electro-optochromic coupling anodic layer (10), an electro-optochromic coupling cathodic layer (11), an electro-optochromic coupling color-changing electrolyte layer (14), and two layers of ITO conductive layers (17); One side of the electro-optochromic coupling color-changing electrolyte layer (14) contacts the electro-optochromic coupling anodic layer (10), and the other side contacts the electro-optochromic coupling cathodic layer (11); The other side of the electro-optochromic coupling anodic layer (10) contacts one layer of ITO conductive layer (17); The other side of the electro-optochromic coupling cathodic layer (11) contacts the other layer of ITO conductive layer (17); The electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer (10) loses electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device; The electro-optically coupled cathodic color-changing layer (11) gains electrons through the voltage signal input by the external circuit, thereby regulating the transmittance of the smart window device; The electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer (10) and the electro-optically coupled cathodic color-changing layer (11) regulate the transmittance of the smart window device by changing the light intensity; The electro-optically coupled color-changing electrolyte layer (14) transports electrons through the migration of ions; The ITO conductive layer (17) is connected to the control electrode of the external circuit for transmitting the voltage signal.

5. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 4, wherein The electro-optically coupled anodic color-changing layer (10) selects a NiO anodic electrochromic layer; The electro-optically coupled cathodic color-changing layer (11) selects a Nb, Ti-doped WO3 cathodic electrochromic layer; The electro-optically coupled color-changing electrolyte layer (14) selects a gel electrolyte.

6. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 1, wherein The operation modes of the color-changing module include a fully transparent mode, a near-infrared regulation mode, and a visible light regulation mode; When the color-changing module is in the fully transparent mode, outdoor solar visible light (5) and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation (6) irradiate the smart window device, and indoor receives the transmitted solar visible light (7) and the transmitted solar near-infrared radiation (8), as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light (5) and the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation (6); When the color-changing module is in the near-infrared regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light (5) and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation (6) irradiate the smart window device, and indoor receives the transmitted solar visible light (7) and part of the transmitted solar near-infrared radiation (8), as well as the heat carried by the outdoor solar visible light (5) and part of the outdoor solar near-infrared radiation (6); When the color-changing module is in the visible light regulation mode, outdoor solar visible light (5) and outdoor solar near-infrared radiation (6) irradiate the smart window device, and indoor receives part of the transmitted solar visible light (7), as well as the heat carried by part of the outdoor solar visible light (5).

7. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 6, wherein The operation mode is selected based on the outdoor temperature, the outdoor radiation intensity, and the subjective feelings of indoor occupants; The conditions for selecting the operation mode based on the outdoor temperature and the outdoor radiation intensity are as follows: When the outdoor air temperature is less than or equal to the threshold value a, or when there is no air-conditioning cooling load indoors, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode, and a is a positive number; When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity does not exceed the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, and b is a positive number; When the outdoor air temperature is greater than the threshold value a and the solar radiation intensity is greater than the threshold value b, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode; The conditions for selecting the operation mode based on the subjective feelings of indoor occupants are as follows: Indoor occupants input the solar radiation heat requirement and the illuminance requirement into the controller module; When the solar radiation heat requirement for indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c, the color-changing module adopts the visible light regulation mode, where c is a positive number; When the solar radiation heat required by indoor occupants to enter the room is less than or equal to the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the near-infrared regulation mode, where d is a positive number; When the solar radiation heat required by indoor occupants to enter the room is greater than the threshold value c and the illuminance is greater than the threshold value d, the color-changing module adopts the fully transparent mode.

8. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The controller module includes a dynamic threshold adjustment unit and a user habit learning unit; The dynamic threshold adjustment unit dynamically optimizes the threshold conditions for operation mode switching based on a machine learning algorithm, and the steps are as follows: s1 Obtain the required solar radiation heat and illuminance input by indoor occupants; Obtain historical environmental parameters and corresponding operation modes to construct a data set; The historical environmental parameters include outdoor temperature, solar radiation intensity, and light intensity; s2 Analyze the data set based on the machine learning algorithm to establish a mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes; The machine learning algorithm includes a clustering algorithm and a neural network model; s3 Dynamically correct the threshold based on the mapping relationship between environmental parameters and operation modes and the required solar radiation heat and illuminance input by indoor occupants, and use the corrected threshold to select the operation mode; The user habit learning unit records the manual intervention of indoor occupants on the operation mode, establishes a preference model, and uses the preference model to select the preferentially recommended operation mode; If the indoor occupants have not intervened in the operation mode, the selection is made according to the threshold corrected by the dynamic threshold adjustment unit.

9. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 1, wherein When the outdoor light intensity is greater than the threshold value e, the transmittance of the electro-optically coupled color-changing module (2) will automatically decrease, and e is a positive number.

10. The electrochromic, photochromic and radiative cooling coupled intelligent window device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy radiated by the radiative cooling module (3) to the outside includes mid- and far-infrared radiation (9); The materials used in the radiative cooling module (3) include SiO2, TiO2, and their composites.

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