First-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system

Abstract

The invention provides a first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, and relates to the technical field of pressure monitoring. The system comprises a biological reaction monitoring module, a pressure adjustment analysis module, a real-time pressure adjustment module, a safety threshold detection module and an emergency response activation module. According to the invention, through real-time monitoring of biological reactions, changes of micro blood flow, skin electrical impedance and tissue morphology of a patient after the patient uses the tourniquet are captured, so that monitoring of individual reactions is more comprehensive, the safety and effect of pressure are evaluated in combination with the actual physiological state of the patient, monitoring is more dynamic and personalized, and the monitoring accuracy is improved. Through the combination of pressure real-time adjustment and emergency response, it is ensured that when the pressure exceeds a safety range, pressure adjustment is conducted rapidly, warning is given out through an alarm, secondary injury caused by improper pressure is avoided, the use safety and response speed of the tourniquet are improved, tissue injury of a patient can be more accurately prevented, and the patient can be more accurately protected. And the real-time effectiveness and safety in the emergency treatment process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure monitoring, and particularly to a pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system for first-aid tourniquets. Background Art

[0002] The technical field of pressure monitoring involves the application of various sensors and devices designed to detect and record pressure data in real time under various environmental and physiological conditions. Its applications are extremely extensive in fields such as medical, industrial, environmental monitoring, and scientific research. The core content mainly involves the design and optimization of pressure sensors, signal acquisition, and accurate transmission and processing of data. This technical field is constantly evolving, including the development of miniaturized sensors, the application of wireless transmission technology, and the construction of integrated systems, aiming to improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring systems.

[0003] Among them, the pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system for first-aid tourniquets refers to a system used in medical first-aid situations that can monitor the pressure exerted by the tourniquet on the patient and issue an alarm when the pressure exceeds the preset safe range. This system mainly consists of a pressure sensor, an automatic alarm, and a control unit. The pressure sensor is responsible for detecting the pressure value of the tourniquet in real time. The control unit evaluates whether the pressure is within the safe range based on the pressure data and issues a warning to the user through the automatic alarm when the pressure is abnormal. This device is mainly applied in emergency medical services to ensure the correct use of the tourniquet and prevent further injuries caused by improper pressure.

[0004] The existing technology mainly relies on pressure sensors to monitor the pressure exerted by the tourniquet and determines whether it is within the safe range through a preset safety threshold. This method has obvious limitations. Single pressure monitoring fails to fully consider individual patient differences and physiological responses. Under different skin conditions and blood flow situations of patients, the same pressure value has very different physiological effects on different individuals. The existing technology ignores these subtle differences and makes judgments solely based on pressure values, which easily leads to misjudgments and even causes harm to some special patients. Existing devices cannot adjust the pressure in real time to adapt to the physiological changes of patients. Even with an alarm mechanism, when the pressure exceeds the threshold, the device can only issue a warning and cannot adjust the pressure in a timely manner, still resulting in a certain operation delay. Taking the first-aid scene as an example, in a highly tense medical environment, doctors cannot immediately adjust the pressure of the tourniquet, resulting in secondary injuries to patients or incomplete hemostasis. This overly simplified monitoring and response mechanism cannot fully ensure the safety of patients in some emergency situations and increases medical risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem that existing pressure monitoring fails to fully consider individual patient differences and physiological responses. Under different skin conditions and blood flow situations of patients, the same pressure value has significantly different physiological effects on different individuals. Existing technologies ignore these subtle differences and make judgments solely based on pressure values, which easily leads to misjudgments and even harms some special patients. Existing devices cannot adjust pressure in real time to adapt to the physiological changes of patients. Even with an alarm mechanism, when the pressure exceeds the threshold, the device can only issue a warning and cannot adjust the pressure in a timely manner, still resulting in a certain operational delay. Taking the emergency scene as an example, in a highly tense medical environment, doctors cannot immediately adjust the pressure of the tourniquet, leading to secondary injuries to patients or incomplete hemostasis. This overly simplistic monitoring and response mechanism cannot fully ensure the safety of patients in some emergency situations and increases medical risks. The embodiments of the present invention provide a first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system is provided, and the system includes:

[0007] The biological response monitoring module monitors the changes in micro-blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, captures the physiological effects of the first-aid tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the first-aid tourniquet pressure and the patient's physiological response, and obtains a physiological response data set;

[0008] The pressure adjustment analysis module evaluates the reaction of the tissue to the real-time pressure through the physiological response data set, analyzes the ideal pressure adjustment range, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameter;

[0009] The real-time pressure adjustment module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the first-aid tourniquet according to the adjusted pressure parameter, responds to the detected changes in pressure demand, adjusts the pressure to match the changes in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting;

[0010] The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time, compares it with the preset safety threshold, verifies that the pressure of the tourniquet is within the safe range, prevents the predicted tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis problems, and obtains the pressure safety standard;

[0011] The emergency response activation module, according to the pressure safety standard, if the pressure exceeds the pressure safety standard, immediately adjusts the tourniquet settings and conducts an emergency response, automatically alarms through sound and light signals, responds to dangerous situations, and generates an emergency treatment result.

[0012] Optionally, the physiological response dataset includes micro blood flow velocity data, skin resistance value data, and tissue morphology images. The adjusted pressure parameters include an ideal pressure range, a target pressure value, and a pressure adjustment value. The optimized pressure setting includes an updated pressure value, a pressure adjustment frequency, and a pressure duration. The pressure safety standard includes a safety pressure limit and a pressure monitoring interval. The emergency treatment result includes an emergently adjusted pressure setting, an alarm type, and an alarm duration.

[0013] Optionally, the biological response monitoring module includes:

[0014] The micro blood flow monitoring sub-module monitors the changes in micro blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, obtains the micro blood flow signal data after the patient uses the tourniquet, extracts the time series, screens the changing periods, calculates the micro blood flow change rate, analyzes the blood flow recovery time based on the change rate, and obtains the micro blood flow change record;

[0015] The skin impedance analysis sub-module detects the skin impedance of the patient through the micro blood flow change record, analyzes the impedance change under different pressures, and obtains the skin impedance change trend;

[0016] The tissue morphology calculation sub-module collects tissue morphology data, identifies the morphological deviation situation, screens the characteristic indicators, and obtains the physiological response dataset based on the skin impedance change trend.

[0017] Optionally, the pressure adjustment analysis module includes:

[0018] The physiological data processing sub-module extracts the heart rate, blood pressure, and skin electrical signal from the physiological response dataset, screens abnormal data and aligns the time axis, extracts the fluctuation characteristics of physiological parameters, and obtains the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence;

[0019] The pressure response analysis sub-module identifies the fluctuation amplitude of physiological parameters within different pressure intervals based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, screens the associated physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the pressure interval as the tissue pressure sensitive interval, and sets the corresponding relationship between physiological parameters and pressure levels to obtain the tissue pressure sensitive interval;

[0020] The pressure adjustment parameter setting sub-module compares the deviation between the target pressure interval and the real-time pressure level through the tissue pressure sensitive interval, screens the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameters.

[0021] Optionally, the formula for calculating the parameter change gradient is:

[0022]

[0023] where ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P iRepresents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 Represents the physiological parameter value at the (i + 1)-th time point, Represents the mean value of the physiological parameter values, and n represents the number of time points.

[0024] Optionally, the real-time pressure regulation module includes:

[0025] The pressure parameter application sub-module uses the adjusted pressure parameter to adjust the pressure control of the first aid tourniquet, adjusts the pressure regulation range, and obtains an initial pressure setting value;

[0026] The pressure matching sub-module monitors the change of the patient's physiological parameters based on the initial pressure setting value, combines the real-time pressure state, calculates the pressure deviation value, and matches the patient's physiological condition to obtain a matched pressure setting value;

[0027] The optimized pressure output sub-module uses the matched pressure setting value to adjust the pressure output of the first aid tourniquet, monitors the pressure feedback in real time, screens the stable pressure range, optimizes the adjustment range, and obtains an optimized pressure setting.

[0028] Optionally, the formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Where, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o Represents the measured pressure value of the patient at the o-th moment, Z r,o Represents the target set pressure value at the o-th moment, W o Represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the o-th moment, N represents the number of moments in the calculation period, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient.

[0031] Optionally, the safety threshold detection module includes:

[0032] The pressure monitoring and comparison sub-module uses the optimized pressure setting to extract the real-time pressure data of the first aid tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains a pressure comparison result;

[0033] The risk assessment sub-module identifies the states where the pressure exceeds and is lower than the threshold based on the pressure comparison result, calculates the risk pressure interval value, matches the predicted problems of tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, sets the warning level, and obtains a pressure risk identification result;

[0034] The pressure calibration sub-module uses the pressure risk identification result to screen the pressure settings within the safe range, adjusts the pressure control parameters, and optimizes the stability of the pressure output to obtain a pressure safety standard.

[0035] Optionally, the formula for calculating the risk pressure interval value is:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, Q risk represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max represents the peak pressure value, Q min represents the trough pressure value, Q r represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of the pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of the jth group, and m represents the number of data groups of the pressure deviation.

[0038] Optionally, the emergency response activation module includes:

[0039] The anomaly detection sub-module uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screen out the abnormal pressure data exceeding the safety standard, summarize the anomaly types, and obtain the pressure anomaly state;

[0040] The tourniquet adjustment sub-module, based on the pressure anomaly state, screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safety standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, and verifies that the pressure returns to the safety range to obtain the corrected pressure setting value;

[0041] The alarm trigger sub-module uses the corrected pressure setting value to monitor the change of the pressure state, screens the dangerous state, triggers the sound and light signal alarms, records the abnormal pressure information, and generates the emergency treatment result.

[0042] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least include:

[0043] By real-time monitoring of biological reactions to capture changes in micro-blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology in patients after the application of a tourniquet, the specific impact of the pressure exerted by the tourniquet on the patient's physiological response can be analyzed in depth. This refined collection of physiological data enables more comprehensive monitoring of individual responses, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of pressure not only relying on single pressure data but in combination with the patient's actual physiological state, avoiding the traditional practice of judging safety solely based on set pressure values, making the monitoring more dynamic and personalized, optimizing the pressure adjustment range, being able to more precisely match the patient's physiological needs, and reducing the risk of over-compression or under-compression. The combination of real-time pressure regulation and emergency response ensures that pressure adjustments are made promptly when the pressure exceeds the safe range and a warning is issued through an alarm, effectively avoiding secondary injuries caused by improper pressure, enhancing the safety, response speed, and personalized use of the tourniquet, being able to more precisely prevent tissue damage to patients, and ensuring real-time effectiveness and safety during the first aid process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an emergency tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 is a flowchart of the biological reaction monitoring module in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the pressure adjustment analysis module in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the real-time pressure regulation module in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the safety threshold detection module in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 is a flowchart of the emergency response activation module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0052] The following will describe the technical solutions in the present invention in conjunction with the drawings.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to give examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a specific manner. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one of the two.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present invention, "image" and "picture" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same. "(of)", "corresponding", and "corresponding" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0056] To make the technical problems to be solved, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention provide a first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, as Figure 1-2 shown in the schematic diagram of the first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system. The system includes:

[0058] The biological reaction monitoring module monitors the changes in micro-blood flow, skin impedance and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, captures the physiological impact of the first-aid tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the first-aid tourniquet pressure and the patient's physiological response, reflects the real-time biological state, and obtains a physiological response data set;

[0059] The pressure adjustment analysis module evaluates the reaction of the tissue to the real-time pressure through the physiological response data set, analyzes the ideal pressure adjustment interval, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameter;

[0060] The real-time pressure adjustment module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the first-aid tourniquet according to the adjusted pressure parameter, responds to the detected change in pressure demand, adjusts the pressure to match the change in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting;

[0061] The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time, compares it with the preset safety threshold, verifies that the pressure of the tourniquet is within the safe range, prevents the problems of estimated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and obtains the pressure safety standard;

[0062] According to the pressure safety standard, when the pressure is abnormal and exceeds the pressure safety standard, the emergency response activation module immediately adjusts the tourniquet settings and conducts an emergency response, automatically alarms through sound and light signals to cope with dangerous situations, and generates an emergency treatment result.

[0063] The physiological response dataset includes micro blood flow velocity data, skin resistance value data, and tissue morphology images. The adjusted pressure parameters include the ideal pressure range, target pressure value, and pressure adjustment value. The optimized pressure settings include the updated pressure value, pressure adjustment frequency, and pressure duration. The pressure safety standard includes the safety pressure limit and pressure monitoring interval. The emergency treatment result includes the emergency adjusted pressure settings, alarm type, and alarm duration.

[0064] Specifically, as Figure 2 、 3 shown, the biological response monitoring module includes:

[0065] The micro blood flow monitoring sub-module monitors the changes in micro blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, obtains the micro blood flow signal data after the patient uses the tourniquet, extracts the time series, screens the changing period, calculates the micro blood flow change rate, analyzes the blood flow recovery time based on the change rate, and obtains the micro blood flow change record.

[0066] Detect the micro blood flow signal data of the patient after using the tourniquet through sensors. Bind the tourniquet on the patient's limb and apply different pressure values. At the same time, install an optical sensor or a piezoelectric sensor near the compressed area for data collection. The sensor needs to have high sensitivity to ensure signal stability. After data collection, the system needs to preprocess the signal, including removing high-frequency noise and smoothing the signal curve to make the data more stable. After completing the preprocessing, analyze the change of micro blood flow. Use the time series method to segment the data, find the time period with the most significant change in micro blood flow, set a time window, such as 5 seconds or 10 seconds, and analyze the blood flow fluctuation in each time period in turn. Through screening, find the time points when the micro blood flow significantly decreases or recovers, record the change trend, calculate the blood flow recovery time, and judge whether the blood flow can rise to the reference level within a specific time. If the blood flow recovery time is long, the way of using the tourniquet needs to be adjusted to obtain the micro blood flow change record.

[0067] The skin impedance analysis sub-module detects the skin impedance of the patient through the micro blood flow change record and analyzes the impedance change under different pressures to obtain the skin impedance change trend.

[0068] Detect the skin impedance of patients by using micro - blood flow change recording. Measure the skin impedance value using electrodes under different pressure conditions. Ensure that the electrodes used have good contact performance to reduce errors. During the measurement process, the electrodes need to be evenly attached to the skin surface and maintain an appropriate spacing to obtain a stable impedance signal. The acquired data needs to be pre - processed, such as filtering to remove noise and normalization processing, to improve the data quality. Analyze the change trend of impedance under different pressure conditions. During the data analysis process, key time periods need to be selected, especially the periods when the pressure changes significantly, in order to observe the response of impedance during the pressure adjustment process. Compare the impedance change characteristics of different individuals under the same pressure to confirm whether the change range is consistent, and obtain the skin impedance change trend.

[0069] The tissue morphology calculation sub - module collects tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend, identifies morphological deviation situations, screens characteristic indicators, and obtains a physiological response data set.

[0070] Collect tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend. Use imaging means such as ultrasound and optical scanning to collect the morphology of subcutaneous tissue. Ensure that the imaging equipment can accurately detect the morphological characteristics of skin tissue. The collected morphology data needs to be processed by image processing, including noise removal, edge enhancement, contrast adjustment, etc., to improve the recognition accuracy. After completing the data pre - processing, analyze the change of tissue morphology, focus on indicators such as skin thickness, texture structure, and color distribution, screen out the areas with larger morphological deviation, and classify and analyze their characteristics. By comparing the tissue morphology change trends under different pressures, judge whether there are abnormal changes. If the skin morphology deviation is obvious, it means that the local tissue is over - pressed, and the way of using the tourniquet needs to be adjusted to form a physiological response data set.

[0071] Specifically, as Figure 2 、 4 shown, the pressure adjustment analysis module includes:

[0072] The physiological data processing sub - module extracts the heart rate, blood pressure, and skin electrical signals from the physiological response data set, screens out abnormal data and aligns the time axis, and extracts the fluctuation characteristics of physiological parameters to obtain a physiological parameter fluctuation sequence.

[0073] Extract heart rate, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response signals from the physiological response dataset. The system receives the data stream from the sensor, ensures the stability of the data acquisition process, and preprocesses the raw data, including operations such as filtering, denoising, and normalization, to reduce signal interference. Conduct a preliminary analysis of the collected physiological signals, screen for abnormal data, such as cases where the heart rate fluctuates too much or the blood pressure data mutates. Abnormal value thresholds can be set using the sliding window method or statistical methods, and data outside the reasonable range can be removed. Align the physiological data from different sources along the time axis so that the heart rate, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response signals can be analyzed under the same time reference. After time alignment, extract the fluctuation characteristics of the physiological parameters, such as calculating heart rate variability, blood pressure change rate, conductivity change of the galvanic skin response signal, etc., and conduct further pattern analysis on the feature data to obtain the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence.

[0074] Based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, the stress response analysis sub-module identifies the fluctuation amplitude of physiological parameters within different stress intervals, screens for associated physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the stress interval as the tissue stress-sensitive interval, and sets the corresponding relationship between physiological parameters and stress levels to obtain the tissue stress-sensitive interval;

[0075] The formula for calculating the parameter change gradient is:

[0076]

[0077] where ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P i represents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 represents the physiological parameter value at the (i + 1)-th time point, represents the mean value of the physiological parameter values, and n represents the number of time points;

[0078] Detailed explanation of the formula and the derivation process of the formula calculation:

[0079] The parameter P i is the monitored value of the physiological parameter at time point i, collected through a physiological sensor, including data such as heart rate, blood pressure, and skin conductance. The collection frequency is set to once per second, and the measurement period is 10 seconds, resulting in a sample data volume of 10;

[0080] The data collection results are: P1 = 75, P2 = 78, P3 = 80, P4 = 82, P5 = 79, P6 = 77, P7 = 76, P8 = 80, P9 = 81, P 10 = 83;

[0081] Calculate the mean value:

[0082]

[0083] Calculate the sum of the absolute change amounts of adjacent time point parameters:

[0084] ∑ i n ＝1 |P i+1 -P i | = |78 - 75| + |80 - 78| + |82 - 80| + |79 - 82| + |77 - 79| + |76 - 77| + |80 - 76| + |81 - 80| + |83 - 81|;

[0085] ∑ i n ＝1 |P i+1 -P i | = 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 20;

[0086] Calculate the standard deviation of physiological parameters:

[0087]

[0088] Calculate the parameter change gradient:

[0089]

[0090] The results show that the change gradient of physiological parameters within the pressure range is 2.47, representing the fluctuation degree of physiological parameters within this range. If the value of ΔP is large, it indicates that there are large fluctuations in physiological parameters, which is related to a strong pressure response. If the value of ΔP is small, it means that the physiological parameters in this range are relatively stable, which can be used to screen the pressure-sensitive range to further set the corresponding relationship between physiological parameters and pressure levels.

[0091] The pressure adjustment parameter setting sub-module organizes the pressure-sensitive range, compares the deviation between the target pressure range and the real-time pressure level, screens the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameters;

[0092] Calculate the deviation between the target pressure range and the real-time pressure level. The system acquires the current tissue pressure data and compares it with the preset target pressure range. The target pressure range is set based on clinical experience or experimental data and is appropriately adjusted according to individual differences. The real-time pressure level can be continuously monitored by a pressure sensor, and the pressure change trend over a period of time is recorded. The system calculates the deviation between the real-time pressure value and the target pressure range and sets an adjustment threshold to screen the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range. If the deviation exceeds the set range, a pressure adjustment strategy needs to be executed. Analyze the adjustment amplitude, judge the reasonable pressure adjustment step size through real-time data to ensure that the adjustment process is stable and controllable, and obtain the adjusted pressure parameters.

[0093] Specifically, such as Figure 2 、5 As shown, the real-time pressure regulation module includes:

[0094] The pressure parameter application sub-module uses the adjusted pressure parameters to adjust the pressure control of the first aid tourniquet, adjust the pressure regulation range, and obtain the initial pressure setting value;

[0095] Control the pressure of the first aid tourniquet. The system receives the adjusted pressure parameters, which include the target pressure range, real-time pressure deviation, and adjustment amplitude, and compares them with the current pressure setting value of the tourniquet. If the current pressure exceeds the adjustment range, pressure correction is performed. The system adjusts the pressure by controlling the inflation of the tourniquet or the mechanical adjustment module. The adjustment method can be an increasing or decreasing mode, and a phased adjustment strategy is adopted to prevent excessive one-time adjustment from causing unnecessary tissue damage. The system adapts the pressure regulation range to ensure adjustment within a reasonable physiological range. For different patient individual conditions, such as body type, blood vessel elasticity, etc., the pressure setting value is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the tourniquet can function at an appropriate pressure level and provide basic data for subsequent pressure optimization to determine the initial pressure setting value.

[0096] Based on the initial pressure setting value, the pressure matching sub-module monitors the changes in the patient's physiological parameters, combines the real-time pressure state, calculates the pressure deviation value, and matches the patient's physiological condition to obtain the matched pressure setting value;

[0097] The formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o represents the measured pressure value of the patient at the o-th moment, Z r,o represents the target set pressure value at the o-th moment, W o represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the o-th moment, N represents the number of moments in the calculation period, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient;

[0100] Formula parameter analysis and numerical acquisition method:

[0101] Z m,o represents the measured pressure value of the patient at the o-th moment, which is obtained by real-time monitoring of the pressure sensor. The measurement range is 5 mmHg to 40 mmHg. Take the data of five consecutive moments, and the monitored values are 18.5 mmHg, 19.2 mmHg, 19.7 mmHg, 18.9 mmHg, and 19.5 mmHg;

[0102] Z r,oRepresents the reference pressure value, that is, the target set pressure value at the o-th moment, which is set by the doctor based on the patient's physiological characteristics and condition assessment. The current set value is 20 mmHg;

[0103] W o Represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the o-th moment. The weight coefficient is calculated based on the patient's heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is measured by an electrocardiogram monitoring device and quantified using the standard deviation. The HRV values corresponding to the current five moments are 42 ms, 45 ms, 40 ms, 43 ms, and 41 ms. The weight coefficient is calculated according to the formula:

[0104]

[0105] The obtained weights are as follows:

[0106]

[0107] N represents the number of moments within the calculation period. Currently, 5 moments are selected, so N = 5;

[0108] k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient, which is set based on the patient's physiological feedback sensitivity. The value range is from 0.1 to 0.5. According to the patient's response delay to pressure adjustment, k = 0.3 is selected;

[0109] Formula calculation and derivation process:

[0110] Calculate the absolute value of the pressure deviation at each moment multiplied by the corresponding weight:

[0111] |Z m,1 -Z r,1 |·W1 = |18.5 - 20|×0.201 = 1.5×0.201 = 0.302;

[0112] |Z m,2 -Z r,2 |·W2 = |19.2 - 20|×0.215 = 0.8×0.215 = 0.172;

[0113] |Z m,3 -Z r,3 |·W3 = |19.7 - 20|×0.191 = 0.3×0.191 = 0.057;

[0114] |Z m,4 -Z r,4 |·W4 = |18.9 - 20|×0.205 = 1.1×0.205 = 0.226;

[0115] |Z m,5 -Z r,5|·W5 = |(19.5 - 20)×0.197 = 0.5×0.197 = 0.099;

[0116] The sum is:

[0117]

[0118] Calculate the square root of the sum of the weighted squares

[0119]

[0120] Substitute into the formula to calculate the pressure deviation value:

[0121]

[0122] The result shows that the currently calculated pressure deviation value is 1.14, which reflects the average deviation degree between the measured pressure of the current patient and the set pressure. This value indicates that the current physiological state of the patient matches the target pressure to a low degree, and further pressure adjustment is required to make the matching pressure setting more in line with the physiological needs of the patient.

[0123] The optimized pressure output sub-module calls the matching pressure setting value, adjusts the pressure output of the first aid tourniquet, monitors the pressure feedback in real time, screens the stable pressure range, optimizes the adjustment range, and obtains the optimized pressure setting;

[0124] Optimize the pressure output of the first aid tourniquet. The system calls the set pressure value and determines whether the pressure needs to be adjusted according to the current device state. If there are large pressure fluctuations or deviations, the system will perform refined adjustment. The pressure feedback is monitored in real time through a pressure sensor to obtain continuous pressure change data, and the stable pressure range is screened out. The system uses a dynamic filtering method to smooth the pressure data to eliminate the influence of instantaneous fluctuations, optimize the adjustment range, ensure that the pressure can be maintained within the stable range for a long time. If the detected pressure deviates from the stable range, the system will perform fine-tuning according to the preset strategy, gradually optimize the pressure output, and make it tend to be stable, so as to obtain the optimized pressure setting.

[0125] Specifically, as Figure 2 、 6 shown, the safety threshold detection module includes:

[0126] The pressure monitoring and comparison sub-module uses the optimized pressure setting, extracts the real-time pressure data of the first aid tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains the pressure comparison result;

[0127] Extract the pressure data of the first-aid tourniquet in real time and conduct comparison and analysis. The system obtains the actual pressure value of the current tourniquet through the built-in pressure sensor to ensure the continuity and accuracy of data collection. After data collection, the system preprocesses the pressure signal, including filtering, denoising, and data normalization, to exclude the influence of abnormal fluctuations or external interference. The system compares the real-time pressure data with the preset safety threshold, which is provided by clinical experimental data or literature research and set in combination with individual physiological characteristics. During the comparison process, the system uses the method of difference calculation to identify the pressure deviation range. If the real-time pressure value deviates from the set range of the safety threshold, the system will record the pressure abnormal points and classify and file different levels of deviation situations, such as mild deviation, moderate deviation, and severe deviation, and judge whether it is necessary to adjust the tourniquet pressure in combination with the deviation trend analysis to obtain the pressure comparison result.

[0128] Based on the pressure comparison result, the risk assessment sub-module identifies the states where the pressure exceeds and is lower than the threshold, calculates the risk pressure interval value, matches the predicted problems of tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and sets the warning level to obtain the pressure risk identification result;

[0129] The formula for calculating the risk pressure interval value is:

[0130]

[0131] Where Q risk represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max represents the peak pressure value, Q min represents the trough pressure value, Q r represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of the pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of the jth group, and m represents the number of data groups of the pressure deviation;

[0132] Detailed explanation of the formula and the derivation process of the formula calculation:

[0133] Q max represents the peak pressure value in the selected pressure data, which is obtained through the continuous pressure monitoring sensor and the maximum value is selected within the data window period and set to 180 mmHg;

[0134] Q min represents the trough pressure value in the pressure data, which is obtained through the same sensor and the minimum value is selected within the data window period and set to 70 mmHg;

[0135] Q rRepresents the pressure value of a single measurement. A set of pressure data is selected, with values of 120, 135, 110, 145, and 125 mmHg respectively, for a total of 5 sets of data;

[0136] Represents the average value of the selected pressure data, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] U represents the number of pressure data points selected. There are 5 sets of data in the current data sampling period, so U = 5;

[0139] Q threshold Represents the preset pressure threshold, which is determined according to the physiological safety pressure range standard and is set to 140 mmHg;

[0140] Q j,deviation Represents the pressure deviation of the jth group, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0141] Q j,deviation = |Q j -Q threshold |;

[0142] Among them, 3 sets of data are selected to calculate each pressure deviation:

[0143] Q 1,deviation = |120 - 140| = 20;

[0144] Q 2,deviation = |135 - 140| = 5;

[0145] Q 3,deviation = |110 - 140| = 30;

[0146] There are a total of 3 sets of deviation data, so m = 3. Calculate the average deviation:

[0147]

[0148] Calculate the variance term:

[0149]

[0150] Calculate the risk pressure range value:

[0151]

[0152] The results show that the risk pressure range value of the current pressure data is 2.37, indicating the deviation degree and abnormal fluctuation of the pressure data. This value is used to identify abnormal situations of the pressure data and match the risk levels of tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis.

[0153] The pressure calibration sub-module uses the pressure risk identification results to screen the pressure settings within the safe range, adjust the pressure control parameters, optimize the stability of the pressure output, and obtain the pressure safety standard;

[0154] Screen the pressure setting values within the safe range and perform optimization adjustments. The system receives the pressure comparison results and classifies the data with different deviation levels. If the pressure deviation is within the safe range, the system maintains the current pressure setting value. If the deviation exceeds the safe range, the system starts the pressure adjustment program, screens the pressure setting point closest to the safety threshold, and the system adjusts the pressure control parameters, including adjusting the amplitude of pressure increase or decrease and optimizing the adjustment rate to reduce pressure fluctuations. For the tolerance ranges of different individuals, dynamically adjust the pressure control logic to ensure stable pressure output. Through multiple rounds of adjustment, the system optimizes the pressure stability for subsequent pressure management of the emergency tourniquet and ensures that the tourniquet maintains a safe pressure range in various situations, generating the pressure safety standard.

[0155] Specifically, as Figure 2 、 7 shown, the emergency response activation module includes:

[0156] The anomaly detection sub-module uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screen the abnormal pressure data exceeding the safety standard, and classify the anomaly types to obtain the pressure anomaly status;

[0157] Extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value and obtain the current pressure value based on the data stream detected by the sensor. An electronic pressure sensor is used, with a sampling frequency of 100Hz, and 100 data points can be obtained per second. The data points need to be denoised. Taking the mean filtering method as an example, calculate the data mean within the current time window. Let the sampling data set at a certain moment be P1, P2, P n , then the formula for calculating the smoothed value is:

[0158]

[0159] where P A is the A-th sampling value, and n is the number of data points within the window. For example, if n = 10 and the sampling values within a certain time window are 200, 205, 198, 202, 207, 203, 201, 206, 204, 200, then:

[0160]

[0161] This value is used for subsequent screening of abnormal pressure data exceeding the safety standard. Set the safe standard range of the tourniquet pressure to 180 mmHg to 220 mmHg, then it is necessary to determine whether P avg exceeds this range. If P avg> 220 mmHg or P avg <180 mmHg, then it is determined that the data is abnormal. When summarizing the abnormal types, a statistical method based on historical data can be used. For example, set an abnormal index A, and the formula is as follows:

[0162]

[0163] Where P ref is the mean of the normal pressure, σ is the standard deviation of the data. Set P ref = 200 mmHg, σ = 10 mmHg. Then for the calculated P avg = 202.6, substituting it into the formula, we get:

[0164]

[0165] If the abnormal determination threshold A th = 1.5, then this value does not exceed the threshold and is not considered a serious abnormality. Otherwise, further classification is required, such as high-pressure abnormality, low-pressure abnormality or fluctuation abnormality. Set the pressure P avg = 230 mmHg at a certain time point. After calculation, A = 3 exceeds the threshold, so it is classified as a high-pressure abnormality, and the abnormal state of the pressure is obtained.

[0166] Based on the abnormal state of the pressure, the tourniquet adjustment sub-module screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safety standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, and verifies that the pressure returns to the safety range to obtain the corrected pressure setting value;

[0167] Screen the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure and determine the current abnormal type. If it is a high-pressure abnormality, the pressure needs to be reduced. If it is a low-pressure abnormality, the pressure needs to be increased. Set the adjustment target P target to 200 mmHg, that is, near the reference mean. Set the currently measured pressure P curr to 230 mmHg, which exceeds the target value by 30 mmHg. Then the adjustment amplitude ΔB needs to be calculated and a closed-loop control strategy is adopted. The adjustment step size can be set as:

[0168] ΔB = k(P curr - P target );

[0169] Where k is the adjustment coefficient. Set k = 0.5, then:

[0170] ΔB = 0.5×(230 - 200) = 15;

[0171] The adjusted pressure value is:

[0172] P new = P curr-ΔB = 230 - 15 = 215;

[0173] If this value still exceeds the safety range, adjustment needs to be repeated until the pressure returns to the safe range. At the same time, combined with real-time monitoring data, avoid excessive adjustment that may lead to too low pressure, and obtain the corrected pressure set value.

[0174] The alarm trigger sub-module uses the corrected pressure set value to monitor the change of pressure state, screen dangerous states, trigger sound and light signal alarms, record abnormal pressure information, and generate emergency handling results;

[0175] Monitor the change of pressure state, obtain the real-time pressure data stream, and conduct an analysis of the pressure change trend within a continuous time window. Let the average pressure within the current time period be P t , and the average pressure of the previous time window be P t-1 , calculate the pressure change rate:

[0176]

[0177] where Δt is the time interval. If P t = 220 mmHg, P t-1 = 200 mmHg, and the time interval Δt = 2 seconds, then:

[0178]

[0179] Set the alarm threshold R th = 5 mmHg / s. If R > R th , it is determined to be a dangerous state, trigger an alarm, and the alarm methods include sound and light signals. At the same time, record abnormal pressure information such as time stamps, abnormal pressure values, adjustment processes, etc., and generate emergency handling results.

[0180] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. An emergency hemostatic tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system, characterized in that The system includes: The bioreaction monitoring module monitors the changes in micro-blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, captures the physiological impact of the emergency tourniquet on the patient, analyzes the relationship between the pressure of the emergency tourniquet and the patient's physiological response, and obtains a physiological response dataset; The pressure adjustment analysis module evaluates the reaction of the tissue to the real-time pressure through the physiological response dataset, analyzes the ideal pressure adjustment range, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameters; The real-time pressure regulation module automatically adjusts the pressure setting of the emergency tourniquet according to the adjusted pressure parameters, responds to the detected change in pressure demand, adjusts the pressure to match the change in the patient's condition, and outputs the optimized pressure setting; The safety threshold detection module monitors the optimized pressure setting in real time, compares it with the preset safety threshold, verifies that the pressure of the tourniquet is within the safe range, prevents the problems of estimated tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, and obtains the pressure safety standard; The emergency response activation module, according to the pressure safety standard, if the pressure exceeds the pressure safety standard, immediately adjusts the tourniquet setting and conducts an emergency response, automatically alarms through sound and light signals, responds to dangerous situations, and generates an emergency treatment result.

2. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that The physiological response dataset includes micro-blood flow velocity data, skin resistance value data, and tissue morphology images. The adjusted pressure parameters include the ideal pressure range, target pressure value, and pressure adjustment value. The optimized pressure setting includes the updated pressure value, pressure adjustment frequency, and pressure duration. The pressure safety standard includes the safe pressure limit and pressure monitoring interval. The emergency treatment result includes the emergency-adjusted pressure setting, alarm type, and alarm duration.

3. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that The bioreaction monitoring module includes: The micro-blood flow monitoring sub-module monitors the changes in micro-blood flow, skin impedance, and tissue morphology after the patient uses the tourniquet, obtains the micro-blood flow signal data after the patient uses the tourniquet, extracts the time series, screens the changing period, calculates the micro-blood flow change rate, analyzes the blood flow recovery time based on the change rate, and obtains the micro-blood flow change record; The skin impedance analysis sub-module detects the skin impedance of the patient through the micro-blood flow change record, and analyzes the impedance change under different pressures to obtain the skin impedance change trend; The tissue morphology calculation sub-module collects tissue morphology data based on the skin impedance change trend, identifies the morphological deviation situation, screens the characteristic indicators, and obtains the physiological response dataset.

4. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, wherein, The pressure adjustment analysis module includes: The physiological data processing sub-module extracts the heart rate, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response signals from the physiological response dataset, screens abnormal data and aligns the time axis, extracts the fluctuation characteristics of physiological parameters, and obtains the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence; The pressure reaction analysis sub-module, based on the physiological parameter fluctuation sequence, identifies the fluctuation amplitude of physiological parameters within different pressure intervals, screens the associated physiological indicators, calculates the parameter change gradient, extracts the pressure interval as the tissue pressure sensitive interval, and sets the corresponding relationship between physiological parameters and pressure levels to obtain the tissue pressure sensitive interval; The pressure adjustment parameter setting sub-module compares the deviation between the target pressure range and the real-time pressure level through the tissue pressure sensitive range, screens the pressure adjustment points within the adjustment range, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, and obtains the adjusted pressure parameter.

5. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the gradient of the parameter change is: where, ΔP represents the parameter change gradient, P i represents the physiological parameter value at the i-th time point, P i+1 represents the physiological parameter value at the (i + 1)-th time point, represents the mean value of the physiological parameter values, and n represents the number of time points.

6. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that The real-time pressure adjustment module includes: The pressure parameter application sub-module uses the adjusted pressure parameter to adjust the pressure control of the first aid tourniquet, adjusts the pressure adjustment range, and obtains the initial pressure setting value; The pressure matching sub-module monitors the change of the patient's physiological parameters based on the initial pressure setting value, combines the real-time pressure state, calculates the pressure deviation value, matches the patient's physiological condition, and obtains the matched pressure setting value; The optimized pressure output sub-module uses the matched pressure setting value to adjust the pressure output of the first aid tourniquet, monitors the pressure feedback in real time, screens the stable pressure range, optimizes the adjustment range, and obtains the optimized pressure setting.

7. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 6, characterized in that The formula for calculating the pressure deviation value is as follows: Among them, ΔZ represents the pressure deviation value, Z m,o represents the measured pressure value of the patient at the o-th moment, Z r,o represents the target set pressure value at the o-th moment, W o represents the physiological state weight coefficient at the o-th moment, N represents the number of moments within the calculation period, and k represents the deviation smoothing adjustment coefficient.

8. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety threshold detection module includes: The pressure monitoring and comparison sub-module uses the optimized pressure setting to extract the real-time pressure data of the first aid tourniquet, compares it with the preset safety threshold, identifies the pressure deviation range, and obtains the pressure comparison result; The risk assessment sub-module identifies the states where the pressure exceeds and is lower than the threshold based on the pressure comparison result, calculates the risk pressure range value, matches the predicted problems of tissue damage and insufficient hemostasis, sets the warning level, and obtains the pressure risk identification result; The pressure calibration sub-module uses the pressure risk identification result to screen the pressure settings within the safe range, adjusts the pressure control parameters, and optimizes the stability of the pressure output to obtain the pressure safety standard.

9. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the risk pressure range value is: Among them, Q risk represents the risk pressure interval value, Q max represents the peak pressure value, Q min represents the trough pressure value, Q r represents the pressure value of a single measurement, represents the average value of the pressure, U represents the number of pressure data points, Q threshold represents the preset pressure threshold, Q j,deviation represents the pressure deviation of the j-th group, m represents the number of data groups of the pressure deviation.

10. The first-aid tourniquet pressure monitoring and automatic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency response activation module includes: The anomaly detection sub-module uses the pressure safety standard to extract the real-time tourniquet pressure value, screens the abnormal pressure data exceeding the safety standard, summarizes the anomaly types, and obtains the pressure anomaly state; The tourniquet adjustment sub-module screens the adjustment parameters corresponding to the abnormal pressure based on the pressure anomaly state, analyzes the adjustment amplitude, sets the tourniquet pressure correction value, matches the safe standard range, adjusts the tourniquet pressure output in real time, and verifies that the pressure returns to the safe range to obtain the corrected pressure setting value; The alarm trigger sub-module uses the corrected pressure setting value to monitor the change of the pressure state, screens the dangerous state, triggers the sound and light signal alarm, records the abnormal pressure information, and generates the emergency treatment result.

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