Efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drilling machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drilling machine, and belongs to the technical field of pile machines. The drilling machine comprises a main machine chassis, a main machine rack, a sliding base, a hydraulic rotary driver, a hydraulic lifting driver, a hydraulic centralizer, a multi-channel rotary flow divider and a drilling tool, the drilling tool penetrates through the hydraulic rotary driver and is in transmission fit with the hydraulic rotary driver, and vertical drilling of the drilling tool is guaranteed through the hydraulic lifting driver and the hydraulic centralizer. Perpendicularity adjustment of the drilling tool is facilitated, and the drilling efficiency is higher; and the drilling driving mechanism can slide, so that subsequent construction of the cast-in-situ bored pile is facilitated. In addition, high-pressure and low-pressure circulating liquid jet flow is used for cutting the soil body, high-pressure air is matched for carrying circulating liquid and drilling slag to be discharged outwards, the cutting and crushing efficiency of the soil body is improved, the discharging efficiency of the drilling slag with large particles is greatly improved, and the drilling efficiency is greatly improved. And meanwhile, positive pressure is kept in the drilled hole through high-pressure air, the stability of the hole wall is improved, and the drilling depth is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an underground engineering construction device, and more specifically, to an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig. Background Art

[0002] As a widely used foundation construction technology, bored cast-in-place piles play an important role in construction projects due to their high bearing capacity, strong adaptability, and simple construction equipment. However, with the continuous development of engineering construction, the requirements for the construction efficiency and quality of bored cast-in-place piles are also getting higher and higher. Existing bored cast-in-place pile construction equipment gradually exposes many problems when facing complex geological conditions and high-efficiency requirements, and urgent improvements and innovations are needed.

[0003] The existing bored cast-in-place pile machines generally have the following disadvantages: (1) Power transmission and construction efficiency problems of ordinary drill rigs Ordinary drill rigs mainly drive the drill pipe through a horizontal grinding disc. The drill pipe then transmits the power to the drill bit. The drill bit uses the high-speed rotating alloy material to cut and break the soil body, and then relies on the mud to carry the drill cuttings to be transported out of the hole. For the specific structural principle, reference can be made to "A Hydraulic Type Grinding Disc Drill Rig" disclosed in the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN2460718Y, etc. However, this power transmission method has obvious limitations: Power loss: When the drill pipe is relatively long, part of the energy will be lost during the process of power transmission from the grinding disc to the drill bit, resulting in a decrease in the actual cutting ability of the drill bit; Hierarchical cutting: Due to the limitations of the torque and drilling pressure of the drill bit, each time the soil body is cut, it needs to be carried out in very fine layers, which not only increases the wear of the drill bit but also significantly reduces the construction efficiency; Low mud circulation efficiency: Construction needs to be carried out strictly according to the designed mud specific gravity, viscosity and other parameters. If the construction parameters are not appropriate, the drill cuttings cannot be discharged in time, further affecting the cutting efficiency of the drill bit.

[0004] (2) Problem of drill bit sticking in old clay and clay layers In old clay and clay layers, the drilling efficiency of ordinary drill rigs is extremely low. The main reasons include: Soil characteristics: Old clay and clay layers have high viscosity and plasticity, and the drill bit is prone to adhering to the soil body during the cutting process, forming the phenomenon of drill bit sticking; Insufficient mud slag-carrying capacity: The role of mud in these soil layers is limited and cannot effectively wash away the soil body adhering to the drill bit; Defect in drill bit design: The slag discharge groove of ordinary drill bits is not reasonably designed and cannot effectively discharge the viscous soil body, further exacerbating the problem of drill bit sticking.

[0005] (3) Drilling efficiency problems in thick-layered sand layers and cobble-gravel layers In thick-layered sand layers and gravel layers, the drilling efficiency of ordinary positive circulation drilling rigs is extremely low, mainly manifested as follows: Characteristics of the gravel layer: There are a large number of hard particles in the gravel layer. Ordinary drill bits need to break these particles multiple times, increasing bit wear and energy consumption; Insufficient mud slag-carrying capacity: Positive circulation drilling rigs rely on mud to carry drill cuttings to float up. However, in the gravel layer, the slag-carrying capacity of the mud cannot meet the requirements, resulting in drill cuttings accumulating at the bottom of the hole and affecting the drilling efficiency; Unreasonable drill bit design: The tooth shape and chip discharge groove design of ordinary drill bits cannot effectively break and discharge gravel particles.

[0006] (4) Negative pressure and depth limitation problems of reverse circulation drilling rigs Ordinary reverse circulation drilling rigs mainly rely on air-lift reverse circulation or pump-suction reverse circulation. The specific structural principle can be referred to in "A Drilling Rig Capable of Realizing Air-Lift Reverse Circulation Construction and a Combined Drilling Construction Method" disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116591593A, etc. It has the following problems: Collapse caused by negative pressure: The working principle of air-lift reverse circulation and pump-suction reverse circulation is to discharge drill cuttings by generating negative pressure. However, this negative pressure environment is prone to causing the collapse of the hole wall, especially in loose soil layers; Vacuum degree limitation: The efficiency of ordinary pump reverse circulation drilling rigs is limited by the vacuum degree. As the drilling depth increases (after the drilling depth reaches 70 - 80 meters), it becomes more difficult to maintain the vacuum degree, resulting in a decrease in the mud circulation efficiency and a significant drop in the drilling efficiency; Insufficient equipment performance: The equipment performance of ordinary reverse circulation drilling rigs cannot meet the requirements of deep hole drilling. For example, the power of the pump and the efficiency of the air-lift system are insufficient.

[0007] (5) Drilling rig walking efficiency problems The walking method of ordinary drilling machines is the walking pipe type, and the walking efficiency is extremely low, seriously affecting the construction efficiency; Even though some advanced drilling machines adopt the crawler type or the walking beam type walking method, there are still the following problems: Limitations of crawler-type walking: Although crawler-type drilling rigs have a certain moving ability, the characteristic of single-direction walking limits their flexibility on complex terrains; Deficiencies of walking beam type walking: Although walking beam type drilling rigs can achieve multi-directional movement, they mainly rely on long boats to walk, and the moving speed is still slow; The structural principle of walking beam type drilling rigs can be referred to in "A Walking Beam Type Full Rotation Drilling Rig" disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN202882757U, etc.; Impact on construction efficiency: Although Chinese patent publication number CN209457867U also discloses "a full-casing and full-rotation drilling rig combined with walking tracks and crawlers", which can combine the advantages of walking and crawler walking, the walking movement and turning speed are still slow; the walking efficiency of the drilling rig directly affects the construction progress. When the drilling rig is moved frequently, the inefficient walking method will lead to prolonged construction time.

[0008] (6) Verticality control problem At present, the verticality of ordinary drilling machines is mainly controlled by a single-direction centralizer, which has the following problems: Design defects of the centralizer: The centralizer in one direction cannot fully control the verticality of the drill pipe, and the verticality in the other direction cannot be guaranteed; Insufficient drill pipe stability: The drill pipe is easily affected by factors such as formation changes and drill bit vibration during drilling. If the drill pipe is not stable enough, it is difficult to ensure the verticality of the borehole even with a stabilizer. Difficulty in measurement and adjustment: During the construction process, measuring and adjusting the verticality of the borehole is a complicated process. If the stabilizer cannot effectively control the verticality, frequent measurement and adjustment are required, which increases the difficulty and cost of construction.

[0009] (7) Hole collapse problem of rotary drilling rig in soft soil areas The rotary drilling rig is a construction machine suitable for drilling holes in building foundation projects. It is mainly suitable for construction in sandy soil, clay soil, silty soil and other soil layers. It is widely used in various foundation constructions such as cast-in-place piles, continuous walls, and foundation reinforcement. However, when the rotary drilling rig is constructed in soft soil areas, it is easy to collapse the hole. The main reasons include: Characteristics of soft soil: Soft soil has low shear strength and high compressibility, and is easily disturbed and collapses; Working principle of rotary drilling rig: Rotary drilling rig digs soil directly by rotating the drill bit, which causes great disturbance to the soil and easily destroys the stability of the hole wall; Insufficient mud wall protection: When constructing in soft soil areas, the wall protection role of mud is crucial. If the performance of the mud is not sufficient to support the hole wall, the hole collapse phenomenon will become more serious.

[0010] (8) The drilling efficiency of rotary drilling rigs Each time the rotary drilling rig digs the soil, the drill bit needs to be fully pulled out. For drilling holes deeper than 50 meters, the following problems exist: High frequency of drilling: The drilling rig needs to lift the drill bit out of the hole each time before the next digging operation can be carried out. The high frequency of drilling leads to longer construction time. Increased equipment wear: Frequent drilling processes will lead to increased wear of the drill rod and drill bit, increasing the maintenance cost of the equipment; Rising construction costs: The increase in the frequency of drilling not only prolongs the construction time, but also increases the energy consumption of equipment and labor costs. These problems are particularly prominent for drilling holes deeper than 50 meters.

[0011] In summary, the existing common bored pile machine has many problems in construction efficiency, adaptability, verticality control, etc., especially in complex geological conditions. Therefore, in view of the common shortcomings of the existing bored pile machine, a new type of drilling machine that can overcome these problems is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0012] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing bored pile drivers and provide a high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill. The technical solution of the present invention is adopted. First, a new drilling drive mechanism is innovatively designed. The drill tool passes through the hydraulic rotary driver and cooperates with the transmission, and the hydraulic lifting driver and the hydraulic straightener are used to ensure the vertical drilling of the drill tool. On the one hand, it is convenient to adjust the verticality of the drill tool. On the other hand, the drilling power loss is small and the drilling efficiency is higher. The hydraulic rotary driver and the hydraulic lifting driver can move horizontally on the slide seat, which is convenient for the subsequent construction of bored piles and greatly improves the construction efficiency of bored piles. Secondly, An innovative high-pressure composite cutting circulation system is designed, which uses high-pressure and low-pressure circulating fluid jets in conjunction with an alloy drill bit to cut the soil. At the same time, high-pressure air carries the circulating fluid and drill cuttings and discharges them outward along the slag discharge channel between the power drill rod and the borehole. On the one hand, the soil cutting and crushing efficiency is improved, and it can cope with common soil, old clay, thick layered sand layers, and gravel layers. On the other hand, high-pressure air carries the circulating fluid out from the bottom of the hole quickly, which greatly improves the discharge efficiency of drill cuttings with larger particles, greatly improving the drilling efficiency. At the same time, the high-pressure air maintains a positive pressure in the borehole, improves the stability of the hole wall, and significantly increases the drilling depth.

[0013] 2. Technical solution

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: An efficient reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention includes a main machine chassis, a main machine frame, a sliding seat, a hydraulic rotary driver, a hydraulic lifting driver, a hydraulic centralizer, a multi-channel rotary diverter, and a drill string. The main machine frame is fixedly installed on the main machine chassis. A through hole is provided on the main machine chassis below the main machine frame. The sliding seat is horizontally slidably installed on the main machine chassis, and the sliding seat has an extension portion that can slide into or out of the bottom of the main machine frame. The hydraulic rotary driver and the hydraulic lifting driver are respectively arranged on the extension portion of the sliding seat. The hydraulic centralizer is installed on the top of the hydraulic lifting driver. The multi-channel rotary diverter is installed on the hydraulic centralizer and is directly above the hydraulic rotary driver. When the hydraulic rotary driver and the hydraulic lifting driver slide into the main machine frame, the upper part of the drill string is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter. The drill string passes through the hydraulic rotary driver and is in transmission cooperation with it. The drill string is driven by the hydraulic rotary driver and the hydraulic lifting driver to rotate forward and backward and move up and down. Among them: The multi-channel rotary diverter has independent low-pressure circulating liquid channels, high-pressure circulating liquid channels, and high-pressure air channels. The drill string includes an alloy drill bit and several sections of power drill pipes. The alloy drill bit is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter through the power drill pipes. The power drill pipes respectively have a low-pressure delivery channel communicated with the low-pressure circulating liquid channel, a high-pressure delivery channel communicated with the high-pressure circulating liquid channel, and a high-pressure gas channel communicated with the high-pressure air channel. The low-pressure delivery channel is communicated with the drill bit low-pressure channel in the alloy drill bit for delivering low-pressure circulating liquid to the bottom of the drilling hole. The high-pressure delivery channel is communicated with the alloy nozzle on the alloy drill bit for forming a high-pressure jet to cut the soil body and clean the drill bit. The high-pressure gas channel is communicated with the drill bit high-pressure air channel in the alloy drill bit for discharging the circulating liquid and drill cuttings outwards along the slag discharge channel between the power drill pipe and the drilling hole by means of high-pressure air.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe is a regular polygon. The hydraulic rotary driver has a driving sleeve, and the driving sleeve has a transmission hole adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe. Drill pipe upper joints and drill pipe lower joints are respectively provided at both ends of the drill pipe body of the power drill pipe. Adjacent power drill pipes are fixedly connected through corresponding drill pipe upper joints and drill pipe lower joints. The lower end of the multi-channel rotary diverter has a rotating seat connecting section that can be fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe upper joint. The upper end of the alloy drill bit has a drill bit connecting section that can be fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe lower joint.

[0016] Furthermore, the alloy drill bit includes a drill bit rod, the drill bit rod having a cross-sectional structure with the same cross-sectional shape and dimensions as that of the above-mentioned power drill pipe. A number of wing plates are distributed on the side wall of the drill bit rod, and a number of alloy reaming cutter heads are fixed on the wing plates. The alloy nozzle is fixed on the wing plates. At the bottom of the drill bit rod, there is also a spiral guiding drill bit. The bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit has a drill tip, and the low-pressure drill bit passage runs through to the bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit.

[0017] Furthermore, between the rotating seat connecting section and the drill pipe upper sub of the adjacent power drill pipe, between the corresponding drill pipe upper subs and drill pipe lower subs of the adjacent power drill pipes, and between the drill bit connecting section and the drill pipe lower sub of the adjacent power drill pipe, non-circular cross-sections are inserted into each other and are fixedly connected by a connection nut in a locked manner; on the drill pipe upper sub, there is also a passage joint for connecting the corresponding passage, and on the drill bit connecting section, there is also a flow divider joint for connecting the corresponding passage.

[0018] Furthermore, on the drill pipe upper sub, there is a male plug. At the root of the male plug, there is a threaded connection section. On the drill pipe lower sub, there is a female socket that can be adapted to the above-mentioned male plug. An adapter nut is movably arranged outside the female socket; at the lower end of the rotating seat connecting section, there is a docking slot that can be adapted to the above-mentioned male plug. A drill pipe connection nut that can be threadedly locked and connected to the above-mentioned threaded connection section is movably arranged outside the docking slot; on the drill bit connecting section, there is a docking block that can be adapted to the above-mentioned female socket. At the root of the docking block, there is a threaded section that can be threadedly locked and connected to the above-mentioned adapter nut.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydraulic centralizer is composed of four telescopic centralizing oil cylinders distributed in a horizontal "cross" shape. The end parts of the four telescopic centralizing oil cylinders are respectively fixedly connected to the connectors on the multi-channel rotary flow divider. At the end parts of the telescopic rods of the four telescopic centralizing oil cylinders, there are all installed centralizing positioning plates that can abut against the mainframe rack.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydraulic lifting driver is composed of four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The lower ends of the four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively fixedly installed on the extension part of the sliding seat. The upper ends of the four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the cylinder body parts of the corresponding telescopic centralizing oil cylinders.

[0021] Furthermore, sliding tracks are provided on the mainframe chassis. On the sliding seat, there are sliders that are slidably matched with the sliding tracks. On the sliding seat, there are also a control room and a hydraulic pump unit.

[0022] Furthermore, a crane is also provided at one end of the mainframe chassis far away from the control room.

[0023] Furthermore, a pair of transverse moving track assemblies and a pair of longitudinal moving track assemblies are respectively provided at the bottom of the host chassis. The traveling directions of the transverse moving track assemblies and the longitudinal moving track assemblies are perpendicular to each other. The transverse moving track assemblies are installed on the host chassis through transverse moving track telescopic oil cylinders, and the longitudinal moving track assemblies are installed on the host chassis through longitudinal moving track telescopic oil cylinders. 3. Beneficial effects

[0024] Adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, compared with the existing well-known technologies, it has the following remarkable effects: (1) An efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention includes a host chassis, a host frame, a sliding seat, a hydraulic rotary drive, a hydraulic lifting drive, a hydraulic aligner, a multi-channel rotary diverter, and a drill string. The sliding seat is horizontally slidably installed on the host chassis, and the sliding seat has an extension portion that can slide into or out of the bottom of the host frame. The hydraulic rotary drive and the hydraulic lifting drive are respectively arranged on the extension portion of the sliding seat. The hydraulic aligner is installed on the top of the hydraulic lifting drive, and the multi-channel rotary diverter is installed on the hydraulic aligner and is located directly above the hydraulic rotary drive. When the hydraulic rotary drive and the hydraulic lifting drive slide into the host frame, the upper part of the drill string is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter, and the drill string passes through the hydraulic rotary drive and is in transmission cooperation with it. The drill string is driven by the hydraulic rotary drive and the hydraulic lifting drive to rotate forward and backward and move up and down. With the above innovative design of the drilling drive mechanism, on the one hand, it is convenient to adjust the verticality of the drill string, and on the other hand, the power loss during drilling is small and the drilling efficiency is higher. Moreover, the hydraulic rotary drive and the hydraulic lifting drive can move horizontally on the sliding seat to change their positions, so that the subsequent construction of cast-in-place bored piles can be carried out without moving the drill, which greatly improves the construction efficiency of cast-in-place bored piles; In addition, a multi-channel rotary diverter is used to deliver high and low pressure circulating liquid and high-pressure air into the drill string, forming a new type of high-pressure composite cutting reverse circulation system. The high and low pressure circulating liquid jets cooperate with the alloy drill bit to cut the soil body, and at the same time, the high-pressure air is used to carry the circulating liquid and drill cuttings out along the slag discharge channel between the power drill pipe and the drill hole. On the one hand, the cutting and crushing efficiency of the soil body is improved, and the high-pressure jet can also clean the drill bit to prevent it from sticking. It can handle various geological conditions such as ordinary soil, old clay, thick-layered sand layer, and cobble layer. On the other hand, the high-pressure air quickly discharges the circulating liquid from the bottom of the hole, and the higher flow rate of the circulating liquid greatly improves the discharge efficiency of the drill cuttings with larger particles, resulting in a significant increase in the drilling efficiency. At the same time, the high-pressure air keeps the inside of the drill hole under positive pressure, improving the stability of the hole wall and significantly increasing the drillable depth.

[0025] (2) In a high-efficiency reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe is a regular polygon, and the hydraulic rotary drive has a drive sleeve adapted thereto. The hydraulic rotary drive can drive the body of the power drill pipe to rotate while allowing the power drill pipe to move up and down within the drive sleeve, thereby pressing down the drill pipe for drilling. With the multi-section assembly design of the power drill pipe, the drilling depth can be significantly increased, meeting the high-efficiency construction requirements for ultra-deep drilling (depth exceeding 100 meters).

[0026] (3) In a high-efficiency reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention, the alloy drill bit adopts a multi-wing hole-expanding structure and has a spiral guiding drill bit at the bottom. In combination with the circulating fluid jet on the drill bit, the cutting and pulverizing efficiency of the soil body and the hole-forming quality are improved.

[0027] (4) In a high-efficiency reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention, a non-circular cross-section is inserted between the multi-channel rotary diverter, each section of the power drill pipe, and the alloy drill bit, and they are fixedly connected by a connecting nut. Torque transmission is achieved through the non-circular cross-section insertion, and the power transmission is stable and efficient. The connection reliability is improved by using the nut to lock, and the nut does not transmit the drilling torque, facilitating the quick disassembly and assembly of the multi-channel rotary diverter, each section of the power drill pipe, and the alloy drill bit, further improving the on-site construction efficiency; at the same time, using the channel joints on each male connector, the sealed connection between each channel can be quickly achieved during the assembly of the drill tool.

[0028] (5) In a high-efficiency reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention, the hydraulic centralizer is composed of four telescopic centralizing cylinders distributed in a horizontal "cross" shape. The ends of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders are respectively fixedly connected to the connectors on the multi-channel rotary diverter. The end parts of the telescopic rods of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders are all equipped with centralizing positioning plates that can abut against the main machine frame. This hydraulic centralizer can be controlled in two vertical directions, ensuring the perpendicularity of the drill tool in both directions and guaranteeing the perpendicularity accuracy of the drilled hole; at the same time, when drilling, the four telescopic centralizing cylinders can be pressed tightly against the main machine frame, enabling pressurized drilling and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0029] (6) In a high-efficiency reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention, the hydraulic lifting drive is composed of four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The lower ends of the four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively fixedly installed on the extension part of the sliding seat, and the upper ends of the four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the cylinder body parts of the corresponding telescopic centralizing cylinders. The multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders can provide a greater drilling pressure and a longer telescopic stroke, ensuring that the designed length of a single section of the drill pipe can be longer, reducing the disassembly and assembly frequency of the drill pipe during the construction process, and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0030] (7) An efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention further comprises a control room and a hydraulic pump unit provided on the sliding seat, which is convenient for the control of drilling construction; a crane is also provided at one end of the main chassis away from the control room, which can facilitate the lowering and lifting of drill pipes, the lowering and installation of steel reinforcement cages, the perfusion catheter, etc., improving the construction convenience.

[0031] (8) An efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention further comprises a pair of transverse movement crawler assemblies and a pair of longitudinal movement crawler assemblies respectively provided at the bottom of the main chassis. The walking directions of the transverse movement crawler assemblies and the longitudinal movement crawler assemblies are perpendicular to each other, and they are installed on the main chassis through corresponding telescopic oil cylinders. The whole machine can be quickly moved in two directions through the transverse movement crawler assemblies and the longitudinal movement crawler assemblies, realizing the quick movement of the drill to the designated position and further improving the construction efficiency; and during the construction process, both the transverse movement crawler assemblies and the longitudinal movement crawler assemblies can be supported on the ground, providing better support for the drill. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention (drilling tools omitted); Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention (sliding seat moved out); Figure 4 is an assembly structure schematic diagram of the drilling tools in the present invention; Figure 5 is a sectional structure schematic diagram of the multi-channel rotary diverter in the present invention; Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the power drill pipe in the present invention; Figure 7 is a sectional structure schematic diagram of the power drill pipe in the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the alloy drill bit in the present invention; Figure 9 is a front view structure schematic diagram of the alloy drill bit in the present invention; Figure 10 is Figure 9 the sectional structure schematic diagram in the A-A direction in Figure 11 is a construction state schematic diagram of an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention; Figure 12 is a main part structure schematic diagram of the drill in the present invention; Figure 13 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the drilling driving mechanism in the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of the crawler assembly in the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the reference numerals in the schematic diagram: 1. Main chassis; 1-1. Sliding track; 1-2. Through hole; 2. Transverse movement crawler assembly; 2-1. Transverse movement crawler telescopic oil cylinder; 3. Longitudinal movement crawler assembly; 3-1. Longitudinal movement crawler telescopic oil cylinder; 4. Mainframe frame; 5. Slide base; 5-1. Slide block; 6. Hydraulic rotary drive; 7. Hydraulic lifting drive; 8. Hydraulic aligner; 8-1. Telescopic aligning oil cylinder; 8-2. Alignment positioning plate; 9. Multi-channel rotary diverter; 9-1. Diverter seat; 9-1-1. Low-pressure circulating liquid interface; 9-1-2. High-pressure circulating liquid interface; 9-1-3. High-pressure air interface; 9-1-4. Limit ring; 9-2. Rotating seat; 9-2-1. Low-pressure circulating liquid channel; 9-2-2. High-pressure circulating liquid channel; 9-2-3. High-pressure air channel; 9-2-4. Rotating seat connecting joint; 9-2-4a. Docking slot; 9-2-5. Drill pipe connecting nut; 9-3. Connector; 10. Drilling tool; 101. Power drill pipe; 101-1. Drill pipe body; 101-1a. Low-pressure delivery channel; 101-1b. High-pressure delivery channel; 101-1c. High-pressure gas channel; 101-2. Drill pipe upper joint; 101-2a. Male plug; 101-2b. Channel joint; 101-2c. Threaded connection section; 101-3. Drill pipe lower joint; 101-3a. Female socket; 101-3b. Joint nut; 102. Alloy drill bit; 102-1. Drill bit rod; 102-1a. Drill bit low-pressure channel; 102-1b. Drill bit high-pressure channel; 102-1c. Drill bit high-pressure air channel; 102-1d. High-pressure air spray hole; 102-2. Wing plate; 102-2a. Wing plate circulating liquid channel; 102-3. Alloy reaming cutter head; 102-4. Alloy nozzle; 102-5. Spiral guiding drill bit; 102-6. Alloy drilling cutter head; 102-7. Drill bit connecting joint; 102-7a. Docking block; 102-7b. Diverter joint; 102-7c. Threaded section; 11. Control room; 12. Hydraulic pump unit; 13. Crane. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] To further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] [Embodiment]

[0036] Combined with Figures 1 to 3As shown, a high-efficiency reverse-cycle high-pressure composite cutting drilling rig according to this embodiment includes a main machine chassis 1, a main machine frame 4, a sliding seat 5, a hydraulic rotary drive 6, a hydraulic lifting drive 7, a hydraulic centralizer 8, a multi-channel rotary diverter 9, and a drill tool 10. The main machine frame 4 is fixedly installed on the main machine chassis 1. A through hole 1-2 is provided on the main machine chassis 1 below the main machine frame 4, and the diameter of the through hole 1-2 is larger than the diameter of the drilled hole. The sliding seat 5 is horizontally slidably installed on the main machine chassis 1, and the sliding seat 5 has an extension that can slide into or out of the bottom of the main machine frame 4. The hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 are respectively arranged on the extension of the sliding seat 5, so that they can slide into or out of the main machine frame 4 driven by the sliding seat 5. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Figure 4 shows the state where the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 are located inside the main machine frame 4. In this state, drilling construction can be carried out. Figure 3 Figure 5 shows the state where the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 are moved out of the main machine frame 4. At this time, the through hole 1-2 is opened, and subsequent construction can be carried out in the drilled hole, such as installing a steel reinforcement cage and pouring. The hydraulic centralizer 8 is installed on the top of the hydraulic lifting drive 7, and the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 is installed on the hydraulic centralizer 8 and is located directly above the hydraulic rotary drive 6. When the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 slide into the main machine frame 4, the upper part of the drill tool 10 is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter 9, and the drill tool 10 passes through the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and is in driving cooperation with it. The hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 drive the drill tool 10 to rotate forward and backward and move up and down. The hydraulic centralizer 8 is used to adjust the verticality of the drill tool 10, the hydraulic lifting drive 7 is used for pressure drilling and drill lifting, and the hydraulic rotary drive 6 acts on the outer wall of the drill tool 10 to drive the drill tool 10 to rotate. With the innovative design of the drilling drive mechanism, on the one hand, it is convenient to adjust the verticality of the drill tool 10, on the other hand, the drilling power loss is small and the drilling efficiency is higher. Moreover, the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and the hydraulic lifting drive 7 can move horizontally on the sliding seat 5 to change their positions, so that subsequent construction of the bored cast-in-place pile can be carried out without moving the drilling rig, greatly improving the construction efficiency of the bored cast-in-place pile. Among them: such as Figures 4 to 10As shown, the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 has independent low-pressure circulating liquid channels 9-2-1, high-pressure circulating liquid channels 9-2-2 and high-pressure air channels 9-2-3 inside, and can input low-pressure circulating liquid, high-pressure circulating liquid and high-pressure air through the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The drill string 10 includes an alloy drill bit 102 and several sections of power drill pipes 101. The alloy drill bit 102 is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 through the power drill pipes 101. Inside the power drill pipes 101, there are respectively a low-pressure delivery channel 101-1a communicating with the low-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-1, a high-pressure delivery channel 101-1b communicating with the high-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-2, and a high-pressure gas channel 101-1c communicating with the high-pressure air channel 9-2-3; inside the alloy drill bit 102, there are a drill bit low-pressure channel 102-1a, a drill bit high-pressure channel 102-1b and a drill bit high-pressure air channel 102-1c. The low-pressure delivery channel 101-1a inside the power drill pipe 101 communicates with the drill bit low-pressure channel 102-1a inside the alloy drill bit 102, and is used to deliver the low-pressure circulating liquid to the bottom of the borehole; the high-pressure delivery channel 101-1 inside the power drill pipe 101 passes through the drill bit high-pressure channel 102-1b and communicates with the alloy nozzle 102-4 on the alloy drill bit 102, and is used to form a high-pressure jet to cut the soil mass and clean the drill bit; the high-pressure gas channel 101-1c inside the power drill pipe 101 communicates with the drill bit high-pressure air channel 102-1c inside the alloy drill bit 102, and is used to discharge the circulating liquid and drill cuttings outwards along the slag discharge channel between the power drill pipe 101 and the borehole by means of high-pressure air. During the drilling process, low-pressure circulating liquid, high-pressure circulating liquid and high-pressure air are delivered to the bottom of the hole through the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The high-pressure circulating liquid is ejected through the alloy nozzle 102-4 to form a cutting jet. The jet pressure can be as high as dozens of megapascals to 200 Mpa, and can quickly cut the soil mass during the rotation of the alloy drill bit 102, realizing the rapid pulverization of the soil mass, and having extremely high crushing efficiency for ordinary soil, old clay, thick-layered sand layer and cobble layer. At the same time, the high-pressure jet can clean the drill bit and prevent mud sticking. High-capacity compressed air is input into the bottom of the hole through the drill string 10, and carries the circulating liquid and drill cuttings outwards along the outer slag discharge channel, taking the outside of the drill pipe as a large channel for reverse circulation and discharging outwards.Since the area where it discharges drilling cuttings is different from that of conventional reverse circulation (in conventional pump suction reverse circulation and air-lift reverse circulation, the circulating mud is discharged outwards through the inside of the drill pipe), and at the same time different from conventional direct circulation (in conventional direct circulation, the mud is transported to the bottom of the hole through the inside of the drill pipe and then carries the drill cuttings outwards. Since it relies on the mud to carry the drill cuttings to float, it is necessary to repeatedly break the cobbles and gravels, resulting in extremely low drilling efficiency), we call this circulation system the "reverse reverse circulation". Inputting high-capacity compressed air to the bottom of the hole to carry the drilling cuttings is the technical basis of this "reverse reverse circulation". Because the high-capacity and high-compressed gas can carry the circulating fluid and quickly discharge it out of the hole. Due to the increase in its flow rate, its ability to carry drill cuttings is greatly improved, and at the same time it can carry large drill cuttings particles, so there is no need to repeatedly break the cobbles and gravels, greatly improving the drilling efficiency; moreover, because high-capacity compressed air is discharged from the bottom of the hole to the top of the hole, the high-capacity and high-compressed air will also scour the clay, preventing the clay from sticking to the drill and causing drilling paste, and greatly improving the drilling efficiency. Thus, it can be seen that the high-efficiency reverse reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig in this embodiment innovatively designs a high-pressure composite cutting circulation system, uses high-pressure and low-pressure circulating fluid jets to cooperate with the alloy drill bit to cut the soil body, and at the same time cooperates with high-pressure air to carry the circulating fluid and drill cuttings to discharge outwards along the slag discharge channel between the power drill pipe and the borehole. On the one hand, it improves the cutting and crushing efficiency of the soil body and can handle geological conditions such as ordinary soil, old clay, thick-layered sand layer, and cobble and gravel layer. On the other hand, the high-pressure air quickly discharges the circulating fluid carried from the bottom of the hole, greatly improving the discharge efficiency of the drill cuttings with larger particles, and greatly improving the drilling efficiency; at the same time, the high-pressure air keeps the inside of the borehole under positive pressure, improves the stability of the borehole wall, and significantly increases the drillable depth, and the drillable depth can exceed 70 - 80 meters.

[0037] Such as Figure 4 And Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe 101 is a regular polygon, preferably a regular hexagon. The hydraulic rotary drive 6 is provided with a drive sleeve, and the drive sleeve has a transmission hole adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe 101. The power drill pipe 101 can pass through the transmission hole of the drive sleeve. Torque is transmitted by the regular polygon rod body. The hydraulic rotary drive 6 uses a hydraulic motor and a gear transmission mechanism to drive the drive sleeve to rotate, thereby driving the power drill pipe 101 to rotate, transmitting the torque to the alloy drill bit 102, and at the same time allowing the power drill pipe 101 to move up and down within the drive sleeve, so as to press down the drill pipe for drilling. At both ends of the drill pipe body 101-1 of the power drill pipe 101, a drill pipe upper sub 101-2 and a drill pipe lower sub 101-3 are respectively provided. Adjacent power drill pipes 101 are fixedly connected through the corresponding drill pipe upper sub 101-2 and drill pipe lower sub 101-3; the lower end of the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 has a rotating seat connection section 9-2-4 capable of being fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe upper sub 101-2; the upper end of the alloy drill bit 102 has a drill bit connection section 102-7 capable of being fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe lower sub 101-3. Matching the multi-section assembly design of the power drill pipe 101 can greatly increase the drilling depth and meet the high-efficiency construction requirements of ultra-deep drilling (depth exceeding 100 meters).

[0038] As Figures 8 to 10As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the alloy drill bit 102 includes a drill bit rod 102-1, the drill bit rod 102-1 has a cross-sectional structure with the same cross-sectional shape and size as that of the above-mentioned power drill pipe 101. A number of wing plates 102-2 are distributed on the side wall of the drill bit rod 102-1. A number of alloy reaming cutter heads 102-3 are fixed on the wing plates 102-2, and an alloy nozzle 102-4 is fixed on the wing plates 102-2. A spiral guiding drill bit 102-5 is further provided at the bottom of the drill bit rod 102-1. The bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit 102-5 has a drill tip, and a drill bit low-pressure channel 102-1a runs through to the bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit 102-5. The alloy drill bit 102 adopts a multi-wing reaming structure and has a spiral guiding drill bit 102-5 at the bottom, which, in cooperation with the circulating fluid jet on the drill bit, improves the cutting and crushing efficiency of the soil mass and the hole-forming quality. Specifically, a three-wing drill bit structure can be adopted, that is, three wing plates 102-2 are evenly provided at the lower end of the drill bit rod 102-1. A wing plate circulating fluid channel 102-2a communicating with the corresponding drill bit high-pressure channel 102-1b is provided in each wing plate 102-2, and the wing plate circulating fluid channels 102-2a are respectively communicated with the corresponding alloy nozzles 102-4. A circulating fluid through hole communicating with the drill bit low-pressure channel 102-1a is provided at the center of the spiral guiding drill bit 102-5. The low-pressure circulating fluid can form a downward jet to assist in cutting the soil. A drill bit high-pressure air channel 102-1c runs through the drill bit rod 102-1, and a high-pressure air spray hole 102-1d is formed at the bottom of the drill bit rod 102-1. An alloy drilling cutter head 102-6 is further provided at the bottom end of the spiral blade of the spiral guiding drill bit 102-5 to achieve rapid drilling in hard soil layers.

[0039] In this embodiment, between the rotating seat connecting joint 9-2-4 and the drill pipe upper joint 101-2 of the adjacent power drill pipe 101, between the corresponding drill pipe upper joints 101-2 and drill pipe lower joints 101-3 of the adjacent power drill pipes 101, and between the drill bit connecting joint 102-7 and the drill pipe lower joint 101-3 of the adjacent power drill pipe 101, non-circular cross-section insertion is adopted and fixedly connected by a connecting nut. After the non-circular cross-section is inserted, torque can be stably transmitted. At this time, the connecting nut mainly plays an axial connection role to improve the connection reliability, and the nut does not transmit the drilling torque, which is convenient for the rapid disassembly and assembly of the multi-channel rotary diverter 9, each section of the power drill pipe 101, and the alloy drill bit 102, further improving the on-site construction efficiency. In addition, a channel joint 101-2b for connecting the corresponding channel is further provided on the drill pipe upper joint 101-2, and a diverter joint 102-7b for connecting the corresponding channel is further provided on the drill bit connecting joint 102-7, which can quickly realize the sealed connection between each channel during the assembly of the drilling tool. Specifically, referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the upper drill pipe sub - joint 101 - 2 is provided with a male plug 101 - 2a. The root of the male plug 101 - 2a has a threaded connection section 101 - 2c. The lower drill pipe sub - joint 101 - 3 is provided with a female socket 101 - 3a that can be adapted to the above - mentioned male plug 101 - 2a. The cross - sectional shapes of the male plug 101 - 2a and the female socket 101 - 3a can both adopt regular polygons, such as regular hexagons, etc., for transmitting rotational torque. A joint nut 101 - 3b is movably arranged on the outside of the female socket 101 - 3a. The lower end of the rotating seat connecting section 9 - 2 - 4 has a docking slot 9 - 2 - 4a that can be adapted to the above - mentioned male plug 101 - 2a. A drill pipe connecting nut 9 - 2 - 5 that can be thread - locked and connected to the threaded connection section 101 - 2c is movably arranged on the outside of the docking slot 9 - 2 - 4a. The drill bit connecting section 102 - 7 is provided with a docking block 102 - 7a that can be adapted to the above - mentioned female socket 101 - 3a. The root of the docking block 102 - 7a has a threaded section 102 - 7c that can be thread - locked and connected to the above - mentioned joint nut 101 - 3b. When connecting the multi - channel rotary diverter 9 to the adjacent power drill pipe 101, align the male plug 101 - 2a of the power drill pipe 101 with the docking slot 9 - 2 - 4a on the rotating seat connecting section 9 - 2 - 4 and insert it, then use the drill pipe connecting nut 9 - 2 - 5 to lock and fix it with the threaded connection section 101 - 2c at the root of the male plug 101 - 2a. Similarly, when connecting two adjacent power drill pipes 101, first align the male plug 101 - 2a of the lower power drill pipe 101 with the female socket 101 - 3a of the upper power drill pipe 101, and then use the joint nut 101 - 3b to lock and fix it with the corresponding threaded connection section 101 - 2c. When connecting the power drill pipe 101 to the alloy drill bit 102, first align the docking block 102 - 7a of the alloy drill bit 102 with the female socket 101 - 3a of the upper power drill pipe 101, and then use the joint nut 101 - 3b to lock and fix it with the threaded section 102 - 7c on the drill bit connecting section 102 - 7. With the above - mentioned connection structure, the disassembly and assembly operations are simple and fast, and the connection and transmission are reliable and stable. The above - mentioned drill pipe connecting nut 9 - 2 - 5 and joint nut 101 - 3b can both adopt a threaded sleeve structure, and their upper ends can be rotatably held on the corresponding rotating seat connecting section 9 - 2 - 4 and lower drill pipe sub - joint 101 - 3, which is convenient to use.

[0040] Refer to Figure 5As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned multi-channel rotary diverter 9 mainly consists of a diverter base 9-1 and a rotating base 9-2. The rotating base 9-2 is axially rotatably installed in the diverter base 9-1. A low-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-1, a high-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-2, and a high-pressure air channel 9-2-3 are respectively provided on the rotating base 9-2. Annular grooves communicating with the above-mentioned low-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-1, high-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-2, and high-pressure air channel 9-2-3 are respectively provided between the diverter base 9-1 and the rotating base 9-2. A low-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-1, a high-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-2, and a high-pressure air interface 9-1-3 are respectively provided on the diverter base 9-1. The low-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-1 is connected to the low-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-1 through the corresponding annular groove. The high-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-2 is connected to the high-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-2 through the corresponding annular groove. The high-pressure air interface 9-1-3 is connected to the high-pressure air channel 9-2-3 through the corresponding annular groove. A number of sealing rings for sealing each annular groove are also provided between the rotating mating surfaces of the diverter base 9-1 and the rotating base 9-2. A limiting ring 9-1-4 is also provided at the bottom of the diverter base 9-1. The limiting ring 9-1-4 is used to limit the axial position of the rotating base 9-2. A rotating base connecting section 9-2-4 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rotating base 9-2. A connecting head 9-3 is fixedly installed on the diverter base 9-1. During operation, the diverter base 9-1 does not rotate, and the rotating base 9-2 can rotate with the rotation of the drill tool 10. Figure 5 Three high-pressure circulating liquid interfaces 9-1-2 are shown in Figure 5 . They correspond to three high-pressure circulating liquid channels 9-2-2 (only one high-pressure circulating liquid channel 9-2-2 is shown in the sectional view in the figure, and the other two are distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotating base 9-2). The three high-pressure circulating liquid channels 9-2-2 can be correspondingly connected to the alloy nozzles 102-4 of each combination of the above-mentioned three-wing drill bit. The drilling rig of this embodiment also has external equipment. These external equipment include a high-pressure circulating liquid grouting pump, a low-pressure large pump volume circulating liquid grouting pump, a high-capacity air compressor, a hydrocyclone desander, and supporting circulating liquid sedimentation tanks, circulating pools, and circulating troughs, etc. The high-pressure circulating liquid grouting pump is connected to the high-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-2 in the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The low-pressure large pump volume circulating liquid grouting pump is connected to the low-pressure circulating liquid interface 9-1-1 in the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The high-capacity air compressor is connected to the high-pressure air interface 9-1-3 in the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The circulating liquid in the borehole carries drill cuttings and is discharged from the hole top, sent into the sedimentation tank through the circulating trough, and after being filtered by the hydrocyclone desander, is sent into the circulating pool. The high-pressure circulating liquid grouting pump and the low-pressure large pump volume circulating liquid grouting pump pump the circulating liquid in the circulating pool back to the bottom of the hole to participate in the drilling operation.

[0041] As Figures 1 to 3 and with reference to Figure 13As shown, in this embodiment, the above hydraulic centralizer 8 is composed of four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 distributed in a horizontal "cross" shape. The end parts of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 are respectively fixedly connected to the connectors 9-3 on the multi-channel rotary diverter 9. The end parts of the telescopic rods of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 are all equipped with centralizing positioning plates 8-2 that can abut against the mainframe rack 4. Specifically, the cylinder bodies of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 are fixed together in a "cross" shape through the connectors 9-3. The telescopic directions of the telescopic rods of adjacent telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 are perpendicular to each other, thus forming a verticality adjustment structure in two directions. The centralizing positioning plate 8-2 can adopt a semi-cylindrical plate with its concave side facing outward. The mainframe rack 4 is a rectangular frame structure with four columns, and round bars are welded and fixed on the inner edges of each column facing inward. When adjusting the verticality of the drill string 10, the telescopic rods of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 extend outward, so that each centralizing positioning plate 8-2 abuts against the corresponding round bar on the mainframe rack 4, and the verticality of the drill string 10 installed on the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 is adjusted by the telescopic movement of the telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 in two directions. The above hydraulic centralizer 8 can be controlled in two perpendicular directions, ensuring the verticality of the drill string 10 in both directions and guaranteeing the verticality accuracy of the drilling; at the same time, when drilling, the four telescopic centralizing cylinders 8-1 can be tightly abutted against the mainframe rack 4, and pressure drilling can be carried out, further improving the construction efficiency.

[0042] Connect Figure 13As shown, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned hydraulic lifting driver 7 is composed of four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders, the lower ends of the four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively fixedly mounted on the extension of the slide 5, and the upper ends of the four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged with the cylinder body of the corresponding telescopic straightening cylinder 8-1. During the drilling process, the four multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinders work synchronously to drive the hydraulic straightening device 8 to move downward, thereby driving the drilling tool 10 to move downward together through the multi-channel rotary diverter 9, so as to achieve continuous drilling of the drilling tool 10. The multi-section telescopic hydraulic cylinder can provide a greater drilling pressure and a longer telescopic stroke, ensuring that the design length of a single-section drill rod can be longer, reducing the frequency of disassembly and assembly of the drill rod during construction, and further improving the construction efficiency. It should be noted that during the drilling process, the four telescopic straightening cylinders 8-1 are appropriately contracted so that the straightening positioning plate 8-2 can slide freely relative to the round rod; when encountering obstacles during drilling, the four telescopic straightening cylinders 8-1 can be extended and pressed against the main frame 4, which can assist the hydraulic lifting driver 7 to offset the drilling reaction force. The lifting stroke of the hydraulic lifting drive 7 is greater than the length of a single-section power drill rod 101. When adding a drill rod, loosen the drill rod connecting nut 9-2-5 on the multi-channel rotary diverter 9, control the hydraulic lifting drive 7 to move upward, and then connect the newly added power drill rod 101 between the multi-channel rotary diverter 9 and the power drill rod 101 at the lower end. During this operation, the telescopic straightening cylinder 8-1 can also be controlled to extend and press against the main machine frame 4 to improve operational safety.

[0043] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a sliding track 1-1 is provided on the mainframe chassis 1, and a slider 5-1 that is slidably engaged with the sliding track 1-1 is provided on the sliding seat 5. The sliding seat 5 can slide along the sliding track 1-1 on the mainframe chassis 1. To facilitate the sliding control of the sliding seat 5, a telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be provided between the mainframe chassis 1 and the sliding seat 5, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is used to control the movement of the sliding seat 5. At the same time, the hydraulic lock of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be used to lock the position of the sliding seat 5 to ensure the stability of the sliding seat 5 at the drilling position. It should be understood that when the extension part of the sliding seat 5 slides into or out of the mainframe rack 4, the four telescopic alignment hydraulic cylinders 8-1 are in a contracted state to facilitate passing through the mainframe rack 4 smoothly. A control room 11 and a hydraulic pump unit 12 are also provided on the sliding seat 5. The hydraulic pump unit 12 is used to provide hydraulic power for hydraulic actuating units such as the hydraulic rotary drive 6, the hydraulic lifting drive 7, and the hydraulic aligner 8. A console is integrated in the control room 11 to control the entire drill rig. In addition, a crane 13 is provided at one end of the mainframe chassis 1 away from the control room 11. The integrated crane 13 can facilitate the lowering and lifting of drill pipes, the lowering and installation of steel reinforcement cages, the perfusion conduit, etc., improving the construction convenience. Using the crane 13 to lift the drill, multiple drill pipes can be lifted at one time, and the drill lifting efficiency is higher. The control principle of the above control room 11, the hydraulic system of the hydraulic pump unit 12, and the structural principle of the crane 13 are all similar to the prior art, so no further description will be given here.

[0044] As Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 14 shown, in this embodiment, a pair of transverse moving track assemblies 2 and a pair of longitudinal moving track assemblies 3 are respectively provided at the bottom of the mainframe chassis 1. The traveling directions of the transverse moving track assembly 2 and the longitudinal moving track assembly 3 are perpendicular to each other. The transverse moving track assembly 2 is installed on the mainframe chassis 1 through a transverse moving track telescopic hydraulic cylinder 2-1, and the longitudinal moving track assembly 3 is installed on the mainframe chassis 1 through a longitudinal moving track telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3-1. That is to say, both the transverse moving track assembly 2 and the longitudinal moving track assembly 3 can perform telescopic movement. When the longitudinal moving track assembly 3 contracts and leaves the ground, the two sets of transverse moving track assemblies 2 can be used for the lateral movement of the drill rig; conversely, when the transverse moving track assembly 2 contracts and leaves the ground, the two sets of longitudinal moving track assemblies 3 can be used for the longitudinal movement of the drill rig. This design realizes the rapid movement of the whole machine in two directions, enables the drill rig to quickly move into place, and further improves the construction efficiency; and during the construction process, both the transverse moving track assembly 2 and the longitudinal moving track assembly 3 can support on the ground, providing better support for the drill rig.

[0045] Figure 11 The figure shows the drilling state diagram of an efficient reverse circulation high-pressure composite cutting drill rig of the present invention. To further understand the structural principle of the present invention, the construction process of the present invention will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] An efficient reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention is mainly used for the construction of bored cast-in-place piles, and the construction steps are as follows: 1. Select the corresponding drill pipe and drill bit according to the design drawings and the engineering geological exploration report; 2. Use the transverse movement crawler assembly 2 and the longitudinal movement crawler assembly 3 to quickly move the drill to the designated position and align it; 3. Connect the external equipment such as the high-pressure circulating fluid grouting pump, the low-pressure large-volume circulating fluid grouting pump, the high-capacity air compressor, and the cyclone desander in sequence; 4. First, select a suitable alloy nozzle 102-4 and install it on the alloy drill bit 102. Pass the first section of the power drill pipe 101 through the drive sleeve of the hydraulic rotary drive 6 and fixedly connect it to the alloy drill bit 102 below; 5. Connect each pipeline in sequence, and at the same time dig supporting sedimentation tanks, circulation tanks, and circulation troughs, etc.; 6. Start the grouting pump and the air compressor, and check whether each pipeline is unobstructed; 7. Start the hydraulic rotary drive 6, use the hydraulic power pump to drive the power turntable to rotate, and drive the power drill pipe 101 to rotate and drill through the drive sleeve; 8. According to the designed hole depth, 9. Connect each drill pipe in sequence for drilling; 9. After drilling to the predetermined depth, conduct a final hole inspection; 10. Conduct the first hole cleaning. After the hole cleaning meets the standard, lift the drill; 11. After the drill pipe and the drill bit are lifted, move the slide base 5 and move the slide base 5 away from the orifice of the through hole 1-2; 12. Use the crane 13 to lower the steel reinforcement cage, and after the steel reinforcement cage is lowered in place, lower the conduit; 13. After the conduit is in place, conduct secondary hole cleaning; 14. Conduct the first pouring after the hole cleaning is completed; and pull out the conduit in sequence according to the pouring situation; 15. Pour the concrete until it reaches the pile top and the designed elevation, and complete the construction of one bored cast-in-place pile.

[0047] In summary, an efficient reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill of the present invention, compared with the prior art, has at least the following beneficial effects and technical features: (1) Efficient power transmission and cutting ability: By optimizing the power transmission system and the drill bit design, reduce energy loss and improve the cutting efficiency of the drill bit; (2) Adapt to complex geological conditions: It can drill efficiently in complex geological conditions such as old clay, clay, thick-layered sand layers, and cobble gravel layers; (3) Stable mud circulation system: Avoid the collapse problem caused by negative pressure, improve the slag-carrying capacity of the mud at the same time, ensure that the drill cuttings can be discharged in time, and improve the drilling efficiency; (4) High-depth drilling ability: Not limited by the vacuum degree, it can maintain high efficiency at a drilling depth of 70 - 80 meters or even deeper; (5) Efficient walking mode: Adopting a new walking system to improve the moving efficiency of the drill rig and reduce the construction time; (6) Precise verticality control: Through multi-directional centralizers, ensure the verticality accuracy of the borehole; (7) Adapt to construction in soft soil areas: Compared with rotary drilling rigs, it reduces the disturbance to the soil body, improves the effect of mud retaining wall at the same time, and prevents borehole collapse; (8) Reduce the frequency of drill rod lifting: By improving the drill bit design and construction technology, and cooperating with the integrated crane, reduce the number of drill rod lifting times, improve the construction efficiency, and reduce the construction cost.

[0048] The above schematically describes the present invention and its implementation manners. This description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and design similar structural manners and embodiments without creative efforts without departing from the gist of the present invention, they shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill, characterized in that: It includes a mainframe chassis (1), a mainframe rack (4), a sliding seat (5), a hydraulic rotary drive (6), a hydraulic lifting drive (7), a hydraulic centralizer (8), a multi-channel rotary diverter (9), and a drill string (10). The mainframe rack (4) is fixedly installed on the mainframe chassis (1). A through hole (1-2) is provided on the mainframe chassis (1) below the mainframe rack (4). The sliding seat (5) is horizontally slidably installed on the mainframe chassis (1), and the sliding seat (5) has an extension that can slide into or out of the bottom of the mainframe rack (4). The hydraulic rotary drive (6) and the hydraulic lifting drive (7) are respectively arranged on the extension of the sliding seat (5). The hydraulic centralizer (8) is installed on the top of the hydraulic lifting drive (7). The multi-channel rotary diverter (9) is installed on the hydraulic centralizer (8) and is directly above the hydraulic rotary drive (6). When the hydraulic rotary drive (6) and the hydraulic lifting drive (7) slide into the mainframe rack (4), the upper part of the drill string (10) is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter (9), and the drill string (10) passes through the hydraulic rotary drive (6) and is in transmission cooperation with it. The drill string (10) is driven by the hydraulic rotary drive (6) and the hydraulic lifting drive (7) to rotate forward and backward and move up and down. Among them: The multi-channel rotary diverter (9) has independent low-pressure circulating liquid channels (9-2-1), high-pressure circulating liquid channels (9-2-2), and high-pressure air channels (9-2-3). The drill string (10) includes an alloy drill bit (102) and several sections of power drill pipes (101). The alloy drill bit (102) is connected to the multi-channel rotary diverter (9) through the power drill pipes (101). The power drill pipes (101) respectively have a low-pressure delivery channel (101-1a) communicating with the low-pressure circulating liquid channel (9-2-1), a high-pressure delivery channel (101-1b) communicating with the high-pressure circulating liquid channel (9-2-2), and a high-pressure gas channel (101-1c) communicating with the high-pressure air channel (9-2-3). The low-pressure delivery channel (101-1a) communicates with the drill bit low-pressure channel (102-1a) in the alloy drill bit (102) for delivering low-pressure circulating liquid to the bottom of the drill hole. The high-pressure delivery channel (101-1b) communicates with the alloy nozzle (102-4) on the alloy drill bit (102) for forming a high-pressure jet to cut the soil body and clean the drill bit. The high-pressure gas channel (101-1c) communicates with the drill bit high-pressure air channel (102-1c) in the alloy drill bit (102) for discharging the circulating liquid and drill cuttings along the slag discharge channel between the power drill pipe (101) and the drill hole by means of high-pressure air.

2. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe (101) is a regular polygon. The hydraulic rotary drive (6) is provided with a drive sleeve, and the drive sleeve has a transmission hole adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the power drill pipe (101). At both ends of the drill pipe body (101-1) of the power drill pipe (101), a drill pipe upper sub (101-2) and a drill pipe lower sub (101-3) are respectively provided. Adjacent power drill pipes (101) are fixedly connected through corresponding drill pipe upper subs (101-2) and drill pipe lower subs (101-3). The lower end of the multi-channel rotary diverter (9) has a rotating seat connecting section (9-2-4) capable of being fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe upper sub (101-2). The upper end of the alloy drill bit (102) has a drill bit connecting section (102-7) capable of being fixedly connected to the above-mentioned drill pipe lower sub (101-3).

3. The high-efficiency reverse-cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The alloy drill bit (102) includes a drill bit rod (102-1). The drill bit rod (102-1) has a cross-sectional structure with the same cross-sectional shape and size as that of the above-mentioned power drill pipe (101). A plurality of wing plates (102-2) are distributed on the side wall of the drill bit rod (102-1). A plurality of alloy reaming cutter heads (102-3) are fixed on the wing plates (102-2). The alloy nozzle (102-4) is fixed on the wing plates (102-2). A spiral guiding drill bit (102-5) is further provided at the bottom of the drill bit rod (102-1). The bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit (102-5) has a drill tip, and the drill bit low-pressure channel (102-1a) penetrates to the bottom of the spiral guiding drill bit (102-5).

4. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: Between the rotating seat connecting section (9-2-4) and the drill pipe upper sub (101-2) of the adjacent power drill pipe (101), between the corresponding drill pipe upper subs (101-2) and drill pipe lower subs (101-3) of the adjacent power drill pipes (101), and between the drill bit connecting section (102-7) and the drill pipe lower sub (101-3) of the adjacent power drill pipe (101), non-circular cross-section insertion is adopted and fixedly connected through a connecting nut. The drill pipe upper sub (101-2) also has a channel joint (101-2b) for connecting the corresponding channel. The drill bit connecting section (102-7) also has a diverter joint (102-7b) for connecting the corresponding channel.

5. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper drill pipe sub (101-2) is provided with a male plug (101-2a), the root of the male plug (101-2a) has a threaded connection section (101-2c), the lower drill pipe sub (101-3) is provided with a female socket (101-3a) that can be adapted to the above-mentioned male plug (101-2a), and a joint nut (101-3b) is movably arranged outside the female socket (101-3a); the lower end of the rotating seat connecting section (9-2-4) has a docking slot (9-2-4a) that can be adapted to the above-mentioned male plug (101-2a), and a drill pipe connecting nut (9-2-5) that can be threadedly locked and connected to the above-mentioned threaded connection section (101-2c) is movably arranged outside the docking slot (9-2-4a); the drill bit connecting section (102-7) has a docking block (102-7a) that can be adapted to the above-mentioned female socket (101-3a), and the root of the docking block (102-7a) has a threaded section (102-7c) that can be threadedly locked and connected to the above-mentioned joint nut (101-3b).

6. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The hydraulic centralizer (8) is composed of four telescopic centralizing cylinders (8-1) distributed in a horizontal "plus" shape. The ends of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders (8-1) are respectively fixedly connected to the connectors (9-3) on the multi-channel rotary diverter (9), and the ends of the telescopic rods of the four telescopic centralizing cylinders (8-1) are all installed with centralizing positioning plates (8-2) that can abut against the mainframe frame (4).

7. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 6, wherein: The hydraulic lifting driver (7) is composed of four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The lower ends of the four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively fixedly installed on the extension parts of the sliding seat (5), and the upper ends of the four multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the cylinder body parts of the corresponding telescopic centralizing cylinders (8-1).

8. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 7, wherein: The mainframe chassis (1) is provided with a sliding track (1-1), the sliding seat (5) is provided with a slider (5-1) that is slidably matched with the sliding track (1-1), and the sliding seat (5) is also provided with a control room (11) and a hydraulic pump unit (12).

9. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to claim 8, wherein: A crane (13) is also provided at one end of the mainframe chassis (1) far away from the control room (11).

10. The high-efficiency reverse cycle high-pressure composite cutting drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A pair of transverse moving track assemblies (2) and a pair of longitudinal moving track assemblies (3) are respectively provided at the bottom of the mainframe chassis (1). The traveling directions of the transverse moving track assemblies (2) and the longitudinal moving track assemblies (3) are perpendicular to each other. The transverse moving track assemblies (2) are installed on the mainframe chassis (1) through transverse moving track telescopic cylinders (2-1), and the longitudinal moving track assemblies (3) are installed on the mainframe chassis (1) through longitudinal moving track telescopic cylinders (3-1).

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