Camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining and turning method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cam shaft machining, in particular to a cam shaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining and a turning method.The cam shaft turning device comprises a turning table, a workbench is arranged at the top of the turning table, two sets of supporting sliding rails are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the workbench, and a feeding motor is arranged on one side of the workbench; the output end of the feeding motor is connected with a threaded driving rod, the end of the threaded driving rod is fixedly connected with a moving seat, the bottom of the moving seat is slidably connected with the supporting sliding rail, one side of the top of the moving seat is provided with a motor seat, and the outer wall of the motor seat is fixedly connected with a mounting seat. The device utilizes the ultrasonic generating unit to carry out ultrasonic-assisted machining on the camshaft, high-frequency vibration, high-frequency impact and friction of a turning tool reduce cutting resistance, the problem of built-up edges caused by the fact that the tool makes contact with a workpiece all the time is avoided, the shape of an actual cutting edge of the tool is prevented from being changed, the machining size precision is guaranteed, and the machining surface roughness is reduced. The surface quality of the camshaft is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of camshaft machining, and particularly relates to a camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining and a turning method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machining, the camshaft, as a key component of many mechanical devices, its machining quality directly affects the performance and reliability of the device. With the continuous development of industrial technology, higher requirements are put forward for the machining accuracy and efficiency of the camshaft.

[0003] In the existing turning devices, such as the one disclosed in the authorized announcement number: CN 206122724 U, "an ultrasonic machine tool machining tool", it cuts the workpiece by high-frequency vibration of the cutting tool. During this machining process, the cutting tool is always in contact with the workpiece, resulting in a large cutting resistance. During long-term machining, the tool wears seriously, affecting the continuity and accuracy of machining. At the same time, the generation of built-up edge is inevitable. The built-up edge will change the actual cutting edge shape of the tool, making it difficult to guarantee the machining dimensional accuracy, increasing the surface roughness of machining, and resulting in poor surface quality of the machined workpiece. In addition, when using ultrasonic waves for vibration turning of the cutting tool, since the ultrasonic transducer cannot achieve adaptive resonance in a wide frequency range, the phase difference at both ends of the ultrasonic transducer cannot be monitored and the frequency cannot be adjusted in time. As a result, ultrasonic energy cannot be effectively transmitted to the tool, and the advantages of ultrasonic-assisted machining cannot be fully utilized. At the same time, there will be a large amount of energy waste during the machining process, such as the back electromotive force generated by the ultrasonic transducer and the energy loss during the startup, stop, and speed adjustment of the motor, which are not effectively recovered and utilized, thereby increasing the energy consumption cost and reducing the overall production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art, and to propose a camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining and a turning method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining, including a turning machining table, a workbench is arranged on the top of the turning machining table, two groups of support slide rails are symmetrically and fixedly connected on the workbench, a feeding motor is arranged on one side of the workbench, and the output end of the feeding motor is connected with a threaded driving rod. One end of the threaded drive rod is fixedly connected with a moving seat. The bottom of the moving seat is slidably connected with a support slide rail. One side of the top of the moving seat is provided with a motor base. The outer wall of the motor base is fixedly connected with a mounting seat. The outer wall of the moving seat is provided with a displacement sensor. The top of the turning machining table is provided with an ultrasonic generating unit; The ultrasonic generating unit includes ultrasonic generators located on both sides of the turning machining table. The output end of the ultrasonic generator is connected with an ultrasonic transducer through a connecting wire. One end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with an adaptive resonance driving unit, and the other end is connected with an energy recovery and acquisition unit. One side of the turning machining table is provided with an electric control box, and a super capacitor bank and an MCU controller are respectively arranged in the electric control box.

[0006] Preferably, the adaptive resonance driving unit includes a signal generator. The output end of the signal generator is connected with a power amplification unit. The output end of the power amplification unit is connected with a Hall current sensor through a phase detection chip. The output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the MCU controller through an impedance matching network; The energy recovery and acquisition unit includes a Schottky diode. The Schottky diode is connected to both ends of the ultrasonic transducer. The output end of the Schottky diode is connected with a back electromotive force acquisition unit. The output end of the back electromotive force acquisition unit is connected to the super capacitor bank.

[0007] Preferably, a spindle motor is arranged on the outer wall of the motor base. The output end of the spindle motor penetrates into the interior of the motor base and is connected with a drive shaft through a drive belt. The end of the drive shaft is connected with a horn. The output end of the horn is connected with a tool holder. The end of the tool holder is fixedly connected with a turning tool for turning the camshaft. The end of the horn is connected with a vibration sensor.

[0008] Preferably, a support block is fixedly connected to the middle of the workbench. A placement groove is fixedly connected to the support block. A plurality of arc holes with different curvatures are formed in the placement groove. Cleaning vibrators are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the placement groove. Temperature sensors are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the placement groove; The output ends of the temperature sensor, displacement sensor, vibration sensor, and cutting force sensor are all connected with an adaptive feedback adjustment unit. The output end of the adaptive feedback adjustment unit is connected to the MCU controller. The MCU controller drives the threaded drive rod, drive belt, and horn to operate in sequence through a DSP drive circuit.

[0009] Preferably, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to one side of the support block. An electric hydraulic rod is arranged on one side of the fixing plate. The output end of the electric hydraulic rod is connected with a fixed shaft sleeve. A position sensor is arranged between the fixed shaft sleeve and the electric hydraulic rod.

[0010] Preferably, a chip collecting box is provided on one side of the turning processing table. A chip collecting port is opened at the top of the chip collecting box. The chip collecting port is communicated with the inside of the chip collecting box. A filter plate is arranged inside the chip collecting port. A clamping plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter plate. A clamping groove matching with the clamping plate is opened on the inner wall of the chip collecting port. An inclined material guiding plate is opened on one side of the turning processing table. A drainage hole is opened in the support block. The drainage hole is communicated with the upper part of the inclined material guiding plate.

[0011] Preferably, a cleaning liquid tank is arranged on the outer wall of the chip collecting box. The output end of the cleaning liquid tank is connected with a cleaning pipeline. One end of the cleaning pipeline far away from the cleaning liquid tank extends above the placing groove and is provided with a cleaning liquid nozzle. A driving pump is arranged at one end of the cleaning pipeline close to the cleaning liquid tank.

[0012] Preferably, a rectangular groove is opened at the outer bottom of the chip collecting box. A circulating pipeline is arranged in the rectangular groove. One end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the inside of the chip collecting box, and the other end extends into the cleaning liquid tank. A circulating pump is arranged at one end of the circulating pipeline close to the cleaning liquid tank.

[0013] Preferably, the output ends of the main shaft motor and the feeding motor are both connected with a DC-DC converter. The output end of the DC-DC converter is connected with an energy management chip. The output end of the energy management chip is connected with a load distribution unit. One end of the tool holder far away from the turning tool is connected with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet.

[0014] A camshaft turning method based on ultrasonic assisted machining includes the following steps: Step S1: Place the camshaft to be turned in the arc-shaped holes on the placing groove in sequence, and the end part is sleeved in the fixed shaft sleeve to complete the fixation of the camshaft. Step S2: After the fixation of the camshaft is completed, use the feeding motors on both sides to move the moving seat to both sides of the placing groove. Then, use the main shaft motor to drive the driving belt and the driving shaft to rotate. When the driving shaft rotates, it drives the turning tool to rotate. At the same time, use the ultrasonic generator to generate high-frequency electrical signals. The ultrasonic transducer converts the high-frequency electrical signals output by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibrations. The amplitude transformer amplifies the vibrations generated by the ultrasonic transducer to meet the amplitude requirements of the turning processing, and cut the camshaft under the assistance of ultrasonic vibration. Step S3: When using ultrasonic vibration assistance, the high-frequency signals generated by the DDS chip in the signal generator are amplified by the power amplification unit and further drive the ultrasonic transducer. At the same time, use the phase detection chip to monitor the voltage and current phase difference at both ends of the ultrasonic transducer. When the phase difference is not zero, the MCU controller adjusts the output frequency of the DDS chip according to the phase difference to make the phase difference approach zero, realizing the adaptive resonance of the circuit in a wide frequency range. By pre-storing the optimal machining frequencies and impedance matching parameters corresponding to different curvature segments of the camshaft, during the machining process, based on the real-time position information of the camshaft, the current machining curvature segment is judged, the MCU controller reads the corresponding parameters, and adjusts the frequency of the signal generator and the impedance matching network, so that the ultrasonic assisted machining can meet the requirements of different curvature segments of the camshaft; Step S4: When turning different curvature segments of the camshaft, use displacement sensors, vibration sensors, cutting force sensors and temperature sensors to collect the cutting force, vibration, temperature and displacement parameters during the machining of the camshaft in real time. In the rough turning stage, use a larger cutting depth and feed rate and appropriately increase the ultrasonic power to reduce the cutting force and improve the machining efficiency. In the finish turning stage, reduce the cutting depth and feed rate, increase the cutting speed and adjust the ultrasonic frequency to improve the machining surface quality; Step S5: During the turning process of the camshaft, use the back electromotive force acquisition unit in the energy acquisition unit to convert the back electromotive force generated by the ultrasonic transducer into direct current and transmit it to the super capacitor bank. At this time, the energy management chip monitors the state of the super capacitor bank in real time. When energy input is detected, storage and distribution are carried out according to the power situation in the super capacitor bank; In the rough turning stage, the energy management chip preferentially distributes the stored energy to the ultrasonic generator and the spindle motor to ensure that there is enough power for efficient machining of the camshaft. At this time, the DC-DC converter converts the voltage of the stored energy according to the working voltage requirements of each component and supplies it; In the finish turning stage, the energy management chip adjusts the energy distribution strategy to provide stable energy support for the feed motor to ensure machining accuracy and stable energy supply; Step S6: After the turning of the camshaft is completed, use the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank to spray out from the cleaning liquid nozzle through the cleaning pipeline to wash the surface of the camshaft. At the same time, the cleaning oscillator generates ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to cause cavitation effect. The cleaned liquid falls to the chip collection box through the material guiding inclined plate, and the cleaning liquid is filtered by the chip collection port. The filtered cleaning liquid flows back to the cleaning liquid tank through the circulation pipeline for recycling.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: This device uses an ultrasonic generating unit to perform ultrasonic-assisted machining on the camshaft. The turning tool vibrates at a high frequency, and the high-frequency impact and friction reduce the cutting resistance, avoiding the problem of built-up edge caused by the continuous contact between the tool and the workpiece, preventing the change of the actual cutting edge shape of the tool, ensuring the machining dimensional accuracy, reducing the surface roughness of the machining, and improving the surface quality of the camshaft. By working together with the power amplification unit, phase detection chip, and MCU controller, the adaptive resonance driving unit can monitor the voltage-current phase difference of the ultrasonic transducer in real time. When the phase difference deviates from the resonance point, the MCU controller adjusts the output frequency of the DDS chip to achieve adaptive resonance within a wide frequency range, enabling the ultrasonic energy to be effectively transmitted to the tool, giving full play to the advantages of ultrasonic-assisted machining, and overcoming the drawback that the ultrasonic transducer cannot adaptively resonate.

[0016] This device adopts an energy recovery mechanism to collect and store the back electromotive force of the ultrasonic transducer, the regenerative electric energy of the main spindle motor and the feed motor, and the electric energy converted from the mechanical energy of the piezoelectric ceramic chips on the tool holder. The energy management chip is used to uniformly manage energy collection, storage, and distribution, and allocate energy according to the actual machining stage, reducing the energy consumption cost, solving the problem of energy waste, and improving the overall production efficiency of the camshaft.

[0017] This device uses a variety of sensors to collect signals in real time, and after being processed by the adaptive feedback adjustment unit, the MCU controller judges the machining state according to the signals. When abnormal, it adjusts the rotational speed of the main spindle motor, the feed rate of the feed motor, and the parameters of the ultrasonic generator in real time, ensuring the safety and stability of the machining process and avoiding affecting the machining quality due to abnormal machining states.

[0018] After the turning of the camshaft is completed, the cleaning oscillator generates ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic cavitation effect is used to enhance the impact and peeling effect on impurities such as debris and oil stains on the surface of the camshaft. The cleaning liquid is recycled, and the filter plate can be disassembled and cleaned separately, which not only improves the cleaning effect, but also saves resources and is convenient for maintenance. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the turning machining table of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 It is a Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 4Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the workbench and the placement groove of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the main shaft motor and the turning tool of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the chip collection box of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the electric control box of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the filter plate of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the principle of the adaptive feedback adjustment unit of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the principle of the adaptive resonance drive unit of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the principle of the energy recovery and acquisition unit of a camshaft turning device and its turning method based on ultrasonic-assisted machining proposed by the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Turning processing table; 2. Workbench; 201. Support slide rail; 202. Feed motor; 203. Thread drive rod; 204. Moving seat; 205. Motor seat; 206. Mounting seat; 207. Displacement sensor; 3. Ultrasonic generator; 301. Connecting wire; 302. Ultrasonic transducer; 303. Signal generator; 304. Hall current sensor; 305. Schottky diode; 4. Electric control box; 401. Super capacitor bank; 402. MCU controller; 5. Spindle motor; 501. Drive belt; 502. Drive shaft; 503. Amplitude transformer bar; 504. Tool holder; 505. Turning tool; 506. Vibration sensor; 507. Cutting force sensor; 6. Support block; 601. Placing groove; 602. Arc-shaped hole; 603. Cleaning oscillator; 604. Temperature sensor; 7. Fixed plate; 701. Electric hydraulic rod; 702. Fixed shaft sleeve; 8. Chip collecting box; 801. Aggregate port; 802. Filter plate; 803. Clamping plate; 804. Material guiding inclined plate; 9. Cleaning liquid tank; 901. Cleaning pipeline; 902. Cleaning liquid nozzle; 903. Driving pump; 10. Rectangular groove; 1001. Circulation pipeline; 1002. Circulation pump; 11. DC-DC converter; 12. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0022] The content not detailedly described in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to those skilled in the art.

[0023] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market. The special-shaped parts can be customized according to the records of the specification and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part all adopt conventional means such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machines, parts, and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be elaborated here.

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] Refer to Figures 1 - 11 , a camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining, including a turning processing table 1. A workbench 2 is arranged on the top of the turning processing table 1. Two groups of support slide rails 201 are symmetrically and fixedly connected on the workbench 2. A feed motor 202 is arranged on one side of the workbench 2. The output end of the feed motor 202 is connected with a thread drive rod 203; One end of the threaded drive rod 203 is fixedly connected to a moving seat 204. The bottom of the moving seat 204 is slidably connected to the support slide rail 201. One side of the top of the moving seat 204 is provided with a motor seat 205. The outer wall of the motor seat 205 is fixedly connected to a mounting seat 206. A displacement sensor 207 is arranged on the outer wall of the moving seat 204. The top of the turning processing table 1 is provided with an ultrasonic generating unit; The ultrasonic generating unit includes ultrasonic generators 3 located on both sides of the turning processing table 1. The output end of the ultrasonic generator 3 is connected to an ultrasonic transducer 302 through a connecting wire 301. One end of the ultrasonic transducer 302 is connected to an adaptive resonance driving unit, and the other end is connected to an energy recovery and acquisition unit. An electric control box 4 is arranged on one side of the turning processing table 1. A super capacitor bank 401 and an MCU controller 402 are respectively arranged in the electric control box 4.

[0026] The adaptive resonance driving unit includes a signal generator 303. The output end of the signal generator 303 is connected to a power amplification unit. The output end of the power amplification unit is connected to a Hall current sensor 304 through a phase detection chip. The output end of the Hall current sensor 304 is connected to the MCU controller 402 through an impedance matching network; The power amplification unit includes a DDS chip in the signal generator 303. One end of the DDS chip is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 302, and one end is connected to a capacitor C8. One end of the capacitor C8 is connected to a triode Q1. The collector of the triode Q1 is connected to a resistor R9. One end of the resistor R9 is connected to a fuse F2. The emitter of the triode Q1 is connected to a potentiometer Rp3. The output end of the potentiometer Rp3 is connected to a resistor R10. One end of the resistor R10 is connected to a fuse F1. A power supply terminal is connected between the fuse F1 and the fuse F2. The output end of the power supply terminal is connected to the phase detection chip; One end of the potentiometer Rp3 is also connected to a triode Q2. The base of the triode Q2 is connected to a resistor R12. The output end of the resistor R12 is connected in parallel with a resistor R11 and then connected to the DDS chip. The base of the triode Q2 is also connected to a resistor R13. One end of the resistor R13 is connected to a capacitor C11. Both ends of the capacitor C11 are connected in parallel with a resistor R23 and then grounded. A triode Q6 is connected between the triode Q2 and the resistor R11. A capacitor C9 is connected in parallel between the base and the collector of the triode Q6. One end of the capacitor C9 is connected to a resistor R15. One end of the resistor R15 is connected to a triode Q3. The emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to a resistor R16. The base of the triode Q3 is connected to a triode Q4. The emitter of the triode Q4 is connected to a resistor R17. The collector of the triode Q4 is connected to a resistor R19. One end of the resistor R19 is connected to a triode Q5. The emitter of the triode Q5 is connected to a resistor R18. The resistor R18 is successively connected in parallel with the resistor R17 and the resistor R16 and then connected to the output end of the resistor R10; The collector of triode Q4 is also connected to a potentiometer Rt4. The output terminal of potentiometer Rt4 is connected to a triode Q7. A capacitor C10 is connected in series between potentiometer Rt4 and triode Q7. The output terminal of capacitor C10 is connected to the base of triode Q1. The emitters of triodes Q6 and Q7 are connected to a resistor R14. The output terminal of resistor R14 is connected to resistor R9. A resistor R21 is connected between triode Q7 and potentiometer Rt4. The output terminal of resistor R21 is connected to a triode Q8. The base of triode Q8 is connected to a resistor R22. One end of resistor R22 is connected to a resistor R20. One end of resistor R20 is connected to the base of triode Q5. The emitter of triode Q8 is connected to resistor R14.

[0027] The energy recovery and acquisition unit includes a Schottky diode 305. The Schottky diode 305 is connected across the ultrasonic transducer 302. The output terminal of the Schottky diode 305 is connected to a back electromotive force acquisition unit. The output terminal of the back electromotive force acquisition unit is connected to the super capacitor bank 401.

[0028] The back electromotive force acquisition unit includes a resistor R24 connected across the Schottky diode 305. Resistor R24 and Schottky diode 305 form a series circuit. One end of this series circuit is connected to a resistor R25, and the other end is connected to an electrolytic capacitor Ct1. The two ends of electrolytic capacitor Ct1 are sequentially connected to an inductor L1 and an inductor L2. The output terminals of inductors L1 and L2 are connected to an electrolytic capacitor Ct2. Electrolytic capacitor Ct2, electrolytic capacitor Ct1, inductor L1, and inductor L2 form a series circuit and then are grounded. The output terminal of this series circuit is connected to a resistor R26. The two ends of resistor R26 are connected to a capacitor C12. The output terminal of resistor R26 is connected to a resistor R27. The output terminal of resistor R27 is connected to a rectifier diode D5. The output terminals of rectifier diode D5 and capacitor C12 are connected to a transformer T1; The output terminal of transformer T1 is connected to a freewheeling diode D6. The negative electrode of freewheeling diode D6 is connected to a resistor R31. The output terminal of resistor R31 is connected to an electrolytic capacitor Ct3. The negative electrode of electrolytic capacitor Ct3 is grounded. The output terminal of resistor R31 is also connected to a management chip U2. The second pin of management chip U2 is grounded. The third pin is connected to the positive electrode of freewheeling diode D6 and then connected to a resistor R32. The two ends of resistor R32 are connected in parallel with a capacitor C13. The negative electrode of resistor R32 is grounded. The fourth pin is grounded through a resistor R33. The fifth pin is connected in parallel with the sixth, seventh, and eighth pins and then connected to transformer T1. The positive electrode of freewheeling diode D6 is also connected to a capacitor C14. The negative electrode of capacitor C14 is grounded; The output terminal of the transformer T1 is also connected to a clamping diode D7. A resistor R28 and a capacitor C15 are connected in parallel across both ends of the clamping diode D7. The output terminal of the clamping diode D7 is connected to an electrolytic capacitor Ct4. One end of the electrolytic capacitor Ct4 is connected to a trichromatic tube RGB through a resistor R29, and the other end is connected to a resistor R30. The output terminal of the resistor R30 is connected to a triode Q9. The emitter of the triode Q9 is grounded, and the collector is connected to a zener diode D8. The negative electrode of the zener diode D8 is grounded through a capacitor C16. A buzzer H1 is connected across both ends of the zener diode D8. The output terminal of the buzzer H1 is connected to the supercapacitor bank 401.

[0029] A main shaft motor 5 is provided on the outer wall of the motor base 205. The output terminal of the main shaft motor 5 penetrates into the interior of the motor base 205 and is connected to a drive shaft 502 through a drive belt 501. The end of the drive shaft 502 is connected to a horn 503. The output terminal of the horn 503 is connected to a tool holder 504. A turning tool 505 for turning the camshaft is fixedly connected to the end of the tool holder 504. A vibration sensor 506 is connected to the end of the horn 503.

[0030] A support block 6 is fixedly connected to the middle of the workbench 2. A placement groove 601 is fixedly connected to the support block 6. A number of arc-shaped holes 602 with different curvatures are provided in the placement groove 601. Cleaning vibrators 603 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the placement groove 601. Temperature sensors 604 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the placement groove 601; The output terminals of the temperature sensor 604, the displacement sensor 207, the vibration sensor 506, and the cutting force sensor 507 are all connected to an adaptive feedback adjustment unit. The output terminal of the adaptive feedback adjustment unit is connected to the MCU controller 402. The MCU controller 402 drives the threaded drive rod 203, the drive belt 501, and the horn 503 to operate in sequence through a DSP drive circuit.

[0031] The adaptive feedback adjustment unit includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 connected to the output terminals of the temperature sensor 604, the displacement sensor 207, the vibration sensor 506, and the cutting force sensor 507. The output terminals of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected to a diode D1. A diode D2 is connected in parallel across both ends of the diode D1. A capacitor C2 is connected across both ends of the diode D2. One end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a capacitor C1. A resistor R3 is connected across both ends of the capacitor C1 and then grounded. The other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a capacitor C3. The capacitor C3 is connected to a resistor R4 and then grounded. The capacitor C3 is connected to the capacitor C2, the capacitor C1, the resistor R1, and the resistor R2 in sequence to form a low-pass filter circuit for anti-radio frequency interference; The output terminal of the low-pass filter circuit is connected to an operational amplifier U1. A resistor R5 and a potentiometer Rp1 are sequentially connected between the first and eighth pins of the operational amplifier U1. A capacitor C4 is connected to the fourth pin of the operational amplifier U1. The negative electrode of the capacitor C4 is grounded. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to a resistor R6. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to a potentiometer Rp2. The output terminal of the potentiometer Rp2 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC through a resistor R7. The output terminal of the potentiometer Rp2 is also connected to the fifth pin of the operational amplifier U1 and grounded through a capacitor C6. A resistor R8 is connected to the sixth pin of the operational amplifier U1. The output terminal of the resistor R8 is connected to a diode D3. A diode D4 is connected across the two ends of the diode D3. A capacitor C7 is connected across the two ends of the diode D4. The negative electrode of the capacitor C7 is grounded. A galvanometer is connected across the two ends of the capacitor C7. A capacitor C5 is connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U1. The positive electrode of the capacitor C5 is connected to the power supply terminal VCC, and the negative electrode is grounded.

[0032] One side of the support block 6 is fixedly connected to a fixing plate 7. An electric hydraulic rod 701 is arranged on one side of the fixing plate 7. The output end of the electric hydraulic rod 701 is connected to a fixed shaft sleeve 702. A position sensor is arranged between the fixed shaft sleeve 702 and the electric hydraulic rod 701.

[0033] The output ends of the main shaft motor 5 and the feed motor 202 are both connected to a DC-DC converter 11. The output end of the DC-DC converter 11 is connected to an energy management chip. The output end of the energy management chip is connected to a load distribution unit. One end of the tool holder 504 away from the turning tool 505 is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 12.

[0034] In this embodiment, when turning the camshaft, first, the journal of the camshaft is sleeved in the fixed shaft sleeve 702, and the cams are sequentially placed in the arc-shaped holes 602 with different curvatures to complete the fixation of the camshaft. Subsequently, the feed motors 202 on both sides are started. When the feed motors 202 operate, they drive the threaded drive rod 203 to rotate. When the threaded drive rod 203 rotates, it drives the moving seat 204 to move towards the middle through the threaded action. When the moving seat 204 moves, it drives the motor seat 205 and the turning tool 505 on it to move until they reach both sides of the camshaft. Further, at this time, the main shaft motor 5 is started. When the main shaft motor 5 operates, it drives the drive shaft 502 to rotate through the drive belt 501. When the drive shaft 502 rotates, it drives the tool holder 504 to rotate. When the tool holder 504 rotates, it drives the turning tool 505 to rotate. Thus, when the turning tool 505 rotates, the surface of the camshaft can be turned. At the same time, when the turning tool 505 rotates, the ultrasonic generators 3 on both sides are started. When the ultrasonic generators 3 operate, they generate high-frequency electrical signals. Subsequently, the ultrasonic transducer 302 is driven to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and generate ultrasonic vibrations. Then, the amplitude transformer 503 amplifies the vibrations and transmits them to the turning tool 505, causing the turning tool 505 to turn the camshaft in a high-frequency vibration manner. During the cutting process, due to the high-frequency impact and friction between the turning tool 505 and the camshaft workpiece, the cutting resistance between materials can be reduced, and the machining accuracy and surface quality can be improved.

[0035] Further, when using the ultrasonic transducer 302 for assisting in turning the camshaft, the high-frequency signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer 302 during operation is transmitted to the power amplification unit through the DDS chip in the signal generator 303. At this time, the triode Q1 in the power amplification unit receives the AC input signal, and the triode Q2 receives the feedback signal. Subsequently, the AC signal is coupled through the capacitor C8 and introduced into the base of the triode Q1, and the feedback signal is introduced into the base of the triode Q2 through the resistors R12 and R13. Then, the potentiometer Rt4 is used to adjust the signal output. At this time, the output of the triode Q1 is fed to the input of the triode Q2. When the input voltage exceeds the feedback voltage, the voltages input to the triodes Q6 and Q7 change simultaneously. Subsequently, through the current mirror circuit composed of the triodes Q3 and Q4, a constant current flowing through the common point of the emitter terminals of the triodes Q6 and Q7 is maintained. Then, the current mirror circuit generates an output current equal to the collector current of the triode Q6. The potentiometer Rt4 enables each part to receive an appropriate DC bias, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency and reducing energy loss. Subsequently, the amplified output signal is transmitted to the phase detection chip. At this time, the phase detection chip is used to monitor the voltage-current phase difference of the ultrasonic transducer 302 in real time and transmit the signal to the MCU controller 402. The MCU controller 402 determines whether to adjust the frequency based on the received phase difference signal. If the phase difference deviates from the resonance point, the MCU controller 402 calculates the frequency adjustment amount and sends a control instruction to the DDS chip to adjust the output frequency until the phase difference approaches zero, realizing the adaptive resonance of the circuit in a wide frequency range. When turning the camshaft, the real-time position information of the camshaft is obtained through the position sensor at the fixed bushing 702, and the Hall current sensor 304 is used to detect the current passing through the ultrasonic transducer 302, providing a feedback signal for the MCU controller 402. Subsequently, the MCU controller 402 determines the curvature segment during the current camshaft machining, and switches the capacitor combination in the impedance matching network according to the parameters pre-stored in the MCU controller 402 to adjust the circuit impedance matching while adjusting the frequency of the DDS chip to meet the machining requirements of different curvature segments of the camshaft.

[0036] Further, when turning the camshaft at different curvature segments, the displacement sensor 207 is used to measure the displacement of the turning tool 505 in real time, the vibration sensor 506 monitors the vibration during turning, the cutting force sensor 507 measures the magnitude of the cutting force during the turning process, and the temperature sensor 604 measures the surface temperature of the camshaft during machining. Subsequently, the displacement sensor 207, the vibration sensor 506, the cutting force sensor 507, and the temperature sensor 604 sequentially transmit the collected signals to the adaptive feedback adjustment unit. When the signal is transmitted to the low-pass filter, the low-pass filter removes the high-frequency noise interference in the signal. Subsequently, the processed signal is transmitted to the operational amplifier U1. At this time, the operational amplifier U1 amplifies the weak signal input by the sensor and increases the amplitude of the signal, making the processed signal more stable and accurate for subsequent analysis and processing. The potentiometers Rp1 and Rp2 can be used to adjust the amplification factor of the operational amplifier U1, thereby flexibly changing the amplification degree of the signal. When the input signal voltage is too high, the diodes D3 and D4 conduct, clamping the excessive voltage within a certain range. Subsequently, the galvanometer can be used to detect the real-time charge amount of each sensor in real time. Subsequently, the MCU controller 402 determines whether the current machining state is normal according to the processed charge amount signal. If the machining state is abnormal (such as excessive cutting force or severe vibration), the MCU controller 402 controls the DSP drive circuit to adjust the rotational speed of the spindle motor 5, the feed amount of the feed motor 202, and the power and frequency of the ultrasonic generator 3 in real time, thereby reducing the cutting speed, decreasing the feed amount, or adjusting the ultrasonic parameters to ensure the safety and stability of the machining process. At the same time, in the rough turning stage, by adopting a larger cutting depth and feed amount and appropriately increasing the ultrasonic power to reduce the cutting force, the machining efficiency is improved; in the finish turning stage, the cutting depth and feed amount are reduced, the cutting speed is increased, and the ultrasonic frequency is adjusted to improve the machining surface quality.

[0037] Further, when the ultrasonic transducer 302 is used to assist in the vibration turning of the camshaft, in addition to converting electrical energy into mechanical energy for machining, an electromotive force will be generated during the negative half cycle of its vibration. At this time, through the Schottky diode 305 connected to both ends of the ultrasonic transducer 302, the alternating-current electromotive force generated by the ultrasonic transducer 302 is rectified and converted into direct current. Subsequently, the inductor L1 and L2 are used to filter the direct-current signal, and at the same time, harmonics are suppressed to smooth the current, reduce current fluctuations, and make the current output more stable. Subsequently, the current signal is converted by the transformer T1 into a current level suitable for the subsequent circuit operation, and is amplified by the triode Q9. Subsequently, the amplified signal flows through the supercapacitor bank 401 and is collected by it. At the same time, during the deceleration or braking process of the main shaft motor 5 and the feed motor 202, due to their inertia, they will be in a power generation state and generate regenerative electric energy. The DC-DC converter 11 at its output terminal is used to collect this part of the regenerative electric energy and convert it into a voltage level suitable for energy storage. When the tool holder 504 vibrates with the turning tool 505, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 12 at one end thereof will generate a piezoelectric effect, thereby converting mechanical energy into electric energy. The signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 12 is amplified and rectified and then enters the supercapacitor bank 401 for storage. Subsequently, the energy management chip monitors parameters such as the voltage, current, and charge of the supercapacitor bank 401. When the three-color tubes RGB in the back electromotive force acquisition unit flash in sequence, the buzzer H1 emits a short prompt sound, thereby prompting that there is energy input to the energy management chip at this time. Subsequently, the acquisition, storage, and distribution of energy can be uniformly managed; During different stages of turning the camshaft, the energy management chip controls the load distribution unit to distribute energy according to the power requirements of each component in different working stages. During the rough turning stage, the load distribution unit preferentially distributes the stored energy to the main shaft motor 5 and the ultrasonic generator 3 to ensure that they have sufficient power for efficient machining. At this time, the DC-DC converter 11 performs voltage conversion on the stored energy according to the working voltage requirements of each component and supplies it. During the finish turning stage, the load distribution unit adjusts the energy distribution strategy and focuses on providing stable energy support for the feed motor 202 to ensure machining accuracy. When the turning machining of the camshaft is completed, the energy management chip stops the operation of the back electromotive force acquisition unit and monitors and manages the supercapacitor bank 401.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] Refer to Figures 1 - 8, on the basis of the first embodiment, a technical solution of a camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining is provided. A chip collecting box 8 is arranged on one side of the turning machining table 1. A chip collecting port 801 is opened at the top of the chip collecting box 8. The chip collecting port 801 is communicated with the inside of the chip collecting box 8. A filter plate 802 is arranged inside the chip collecting port 801. A clamping plate 803 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter plate 802. A clamping groove matching with the clamping plate 803 is opened on the inner wall of the chip collecting port 801. A material guiding inclined plate 804 is opened on one side of the turning machining table 1. A drainage hole is opened in the support block 6. The drainage hole is communicated with the upper part of the material guiding inclined plate 804.

[0040] A cleaning liquid tank 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the chip collecting box 8. The output end of the cleaning liquid tank 9 is connected with a cleaning pipeline 901. One end of the cleaning pipeline 901 far away from the cleaning liquid tank 9 extends above the placing groove 601 and is provided with a cleaning liquid nozzle 902. A driving pump 903 is arranged at one end of the cleaning pipeline 901 close to the cleaning liquid tank 9.

[0041] A rectangular groove 10 is opened at the outer bottom of the chip collecting box 8. A circulating pipeline 1001 is arranged inside the rectangular groove 10. One end of the circulating pipeline 1001 is communicated with the inside of the chip collecting box 8, and the other end extends into the inside of the cleaning liquid tank 9. A circulating pump 1002 is arranged at one end of the circulating pipeline 1001 close to the cleaning liquid tank 9.

[0042] In this implementation scheme, when the turning machining of the camshaft is completed, the driving pump 903 is started at this time. When the driving pump 903 runs, the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank 9 flows out through the cleaning pipeline 901 and sprays from the cleaning liquid nozzle 902 onto the camshaft in the placing groove 601, so as to wash away the chips on the surface of the camshaft. At the same time, the cleaning vibrator 603 generates ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid. When the ultrasonic waves propagate in the liquid, the liquid molecules generate density changes along with the vibration of the ultrasonic waves. The liquid pressure decreases in the sparse area, forming tiny bubbles; the liquid pressure increases in the dense area, and the bubbles quickly close. When the bubbles close, a powerful shock wave is generated, which has an impact and peeling effect on the impurities such as chips, oil stains and residual cutting liquid on the surface of the camshaft, thereby enhancing the cleaning effect on the camshaft.

[0043] Further, when the cleaning liquid and debris after cleaning fall onto the material guiding inclined plate 804 through the drainage holes and then fall into the chip collection box 8 through the material collection port 801 under the action of gravity, when the cleaning liquid flows through the material collection port 801, the filter plate 802 at its end filters impurities and debris doped in the cleaning liquid. After the filtration is completed, the circulation pump 1002 at the bottom of the chip collection box 8 is started. When the circulation pump 1002 operates, the cleaning liquid in the chip collection box 8 flows back to the cleaning liquid tank 9 through the circulation pipeline 1001, achieving the effect of recycling the cleaning liquid. When the cleaning is completed, by detaching the side of the filter plate 803 into the card slot of the material collection port 801, the filter plate 803 can be separately disassembled, thereby achieving the purpose of separately cleaning the filter plate 803.

[0044] Embodiment 3:

[0045] Referring to Figures 1 - 11 , on the basis of Embodiment 1, a turning method for a camshaft based on ultrasonic-assisted machining is provided, including the following steps: Step S1: Place the camshaft to be turned in the arc-shaped holes 602 on the placement groove 601 in sequence, and the end is sleeved in the fixed shaft sleeve 702 to complete the fixation of the camshaft. Step S2: After the camshaft is fixed, use the feeding motors 202 on both sides to move the moving seat 204 to both sides of the placement groove 601. Then, use the main shaft motor 5 to drive the driving belt 501 and the driving shaft 502 to rotate. When the driving shaft 502 rotates, it drives the turning tool 505 to rotate. At the same time, use the ultrasonic generator 3 to generate high-frequency electrical signals. The ultrasonic transducer 302 converts the high-frequency electrical signals output by the ultrasonic generator 3 into mechanical vibrations. The horn 503 amplifies the vibrations generated by the ultrasonic transducer 302 to meet the amplitude requirements of turning processing, and cut the camshaft under the assistance of ultrasonic vibration. Step S3: When using ultrasonic vibration assistance, the high-frequency signals generated by the DDS chip in the signal generator 303 are amplified by the power amplification unit and further drive the ultrasonic transducer 302. At the same time, use the phase detection chip to monitor the voltage and current phase difference at both ends of the ultrasonic transducer 302. When the phase difference is not zero, the MCU controller 402 adjusts the output frequency of the DDS chip according to this phase difference to make the phase difference approach zero, realizing the adaptive resonance of the circuit in a wide frequency range. By pre-storing the optimal processing frequencies and impedance matching parameters corresponding to different curvature segments of the camshaft, during the processing, according to the real-time position information of the camshaft, judge the current processed curvature segment. The MCU controller 402 reads the corresponding parameters and adjusts the frequency and impedance matching network of the signal generator 303 to make the ultrasonic-assisted machining adapt to the requirements of different curvature segments of the camshaft. Step S4: When turning different curvature segments of the camshaft, use the displacement sensor 207, vibration sensor 506, cutting force sensor 507, and temperature sensor 604 to collect the cutting force, vibration, temperature, and displacement parameters during the machining of the camshaft in real time. In the rough turning stage, adopt a larger cutting depth and feed rate and appropriately increase the ultrasonic power to reduce the cutting force and improve the machining efficiency. In the finish turning stage, reduce the cutting depth and feed rate, increase the cutting speed, and adjust the ultrasonic frequency to improve the machining surface quality; Step S5: During the turning process of the camshaft, use the back electromotive force acquisition unit in the energy acquisition unit to convert the back electromotive force generated by the ultrasonic transducer 302 into direct current and transmit it to the supercapacitor bank 401. At this time, the energy management chip monitors the state of the supercapacitor bank 401 in real time. When it detects energy input, it performs storage allocation according to the power situation in the supercapacitor bank 401; In the rough turning stage, the energy management chip preferentially allocates the stored energy to the ultrasonic generator 3 and the main shaft motor 5 to ensure that there is sufficient power for efficient machining of the camshaft. At this time, the DC-DC converter 11 converts the voltage of the stored energy according to the working voltage requirements of each component and supplies it; In the finish turning stage, the energy management chip adjusts the energy allocation strategy to provide stable energy support for the feed motor 202 to ensure the machining accuracy and stable energy supply; Step S6: After the turning of the camshaft is completed, use the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank 9 to spray out from the cleaning liquid nozzle 902 through the cleaning pipeline 901 to wash the surface of the camshaft. At the same time, the cleaning oscillator 603 generates ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to cause cavitation. The cleaned liquid is led to fall into the chip collection box 8 through the material guiding inclined plate 804. The cleaning liquid is filtered by the chip collection port 801, and the filtered cleaning liquid flows back to the cleaning liquid tank 9 through the circulation pipeline 1001 for recycling.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0048] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining, comprising a turning machining table (1), characterized in that, A workbench (2) is arranged on the top of the turning processing table (1). Two groups of support slide rails (201) are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the workbench (2). A feed motor (202) is arranged on one side of the workbench (2). The output end of the feed motor (202) is connected to a threaded drive rod (203). The end of the threaded drive rod (203) is fixedly connected to a moving seat (204). The bottom of the moving seat (204) is slidably connected to the support slide rail (201). A motor seat (205) is arranged on one side of the top of the moving seat (204). An installation seat (206) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the motor seat (205). A displacement sensor (207) is arranged on the outer wall of the moving seat (204). An ultrasonic generating unit is arranged on the top of the turning processing table (1). The ultrasonic generating unit includes ultrasonic generators (3) located on both sides of the turning processing table (1). The output end of the ultrasonic generator (3) is connected to an ultrasonic transducer (302) through a connecting wire (301). One end of the ultrasonic transducer (302) is connected to an adaptive resonance driving unit, and the other end is connected to an energy recovery and acquisition unit. An electric control box (4) is arranged on one side of the turning processing table (1). A super capacitor bank (401) and an MCU controller (402) are respectively arranged in the electric control box (4).

2. The turning device for a camshaft based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 1, characterized in that The adaptive resonance driving unit includes a signal generator (303). The output end of the signal generator (303) is connected to a power amplification unit. The output end of the power amplification unit is connected to a Hall current sensor (304) through a phase detection chip. The output end of the Hall current sensor (304) is connected to the MCU controller (402) through an impedance matching network. The energy recovery and acquisition unit includes a Schottky diode (305). The Schottky diode (305) is connected to both ends of the ultrasonic transducer (302). The output end of the Schottky diode (305) is connected to a back electromotive force acquisition unit. The output end of the back electromotive force acquisition unit is connected to the super capacitor bank (401).

3. The turning device for camshaft based on ultrasonic assisted machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, A spindle motor (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the motor seat (205). The output end of the spindle motor (5) penetrates into the interior of the motor seat (205) and is connected to a drive shaft (502) through a drive belt (501). The end of the drive shaft (502) is connected to a horn (503). The output end of the horn (503) is connected to a tool holder (504). A turning tool (505) for turning the camshaft is fixedly connected to the end of the tool holder (504). A vibration sensor (506) is connected to the end of the horn (503).

4. A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 1, wherein, A support block (6) is fixedly connected to the middle of the workbench (2). A placement groove (601) is fixedly connected to the support block (6). A number of arc-shaped holes (602) with different curvatures are formed in the placement groove (601). Cleaning oscillators (603) are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the placement groove (601). Temperature sensors (604) are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the placement groove (601). The output ends of the temperature sensor (604), displacement sensor (207), vibration sensor (506), and cutting force sensor (507) are all connected to an adaptive feedback adjustment unit. The output end of the adaptive feedback adjustment unit is connected to the MCU controller (402). The MCU controller (402) drives the threaded drive rod (203), drive belt (501), and horn (503) to operate in sequence through a DSP drive circuit.

5. A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fixing plate (7) is fixedly connected to one side of the support block (6). An electric hydraulic rod (701) is arranged on one side of the fixing plate (7). The output end of the electric hydraulic rod (701) is connected to a fixed bushing (702). A position sensor is arranged between the fixed bushing (702) and the electric hydraulic rod (701).

6. The turning device for camshaft based on ultrasonic assisted machining according to claim 1, wherein, A chip collection box (8) is arranged on one side of the turning processing table (1). A chip collection port (801) is formed at the top of the chip collection box (8). The chip collection port (801) is communicated with the inside of the chip collection box (8). A filter plate (802) is arranged inside the chip collection port (801). A clamping plate (803) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter plate (802). A clamping groove matching with the clamping plate (803) is formed in the inner wall of the chip collection port (801). An inclined chip guiding plate (804) is formed on one side of the turning processing table (1). A drainage hole is formed in the support block (6), and the drainage hole is communicated with the upper part of the inclined chip guiding plate (804).

7. The turning device for camshaft based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 6, wherein, A cleaning liquid tank (9) is arranged on the outer wall of the chip collection box (8). The output end of the cleaning liquid tank (9) is connected to a cleaning pipeline (901). One end of the cleaning pipeline (901) far away from the cleaning liquid tank (9) extends above the placement groove (601) and is provided with a cleaning liquid nozzle (902). A driving pump (903) is arranged at one end of the cleaning pipeline (901) close to the cleaning liquid tank (9).

8. A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 7, characterized in that, A rectangular groove (10) is formed at the outer bottom of the chip collection box (8). A circulating pipeline (1001) is arranged in the rectangular groove (10). One end of the circulating pipeline (1001) is communicated with the inside of the chip collection box (8), and the other end extends into the inside of the cleaning liquid tank (9). A circulating pump (1002) is arranged at one end of the circulating pipeline (1001) close to the cleaning liquid tank (9).

9. A camshaft turning device based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output ends of the main shaft motor (5) and the feed motor (202) are both connected with a DC-DC converter (11). The output end of the DC-DC converter (11) is connected with an energy management chip. The output end of the energy management chip is connected with a load distribution unit. One end of the tool holder (504) far away from the turning tool (505) is connected with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (12).

10. A turning method for a camshaft based on ultrasonic-assisted machining, based on a turning device for a camshaft based on ultrasonic-assisted machining according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Place the camshaft to be turned in the arc-shaped holes (602) on the placement grooves (601) in sequence, and the end part is sleeved in the fixed shaft sleeve (702) to complete the fixation of the camshaft; Step S2: After the fixation of the camshaft is completed, use the feed motors (202) on both sides to move the moving seat (204) to both sides of the placement groove (601). Then use the main shaft motor (5) to drive the driving belt (501) and the driving shaft (502) to rotate. When the driving shaft (502) rotates, it drives the turning tool (505) to rotate. At the same time, use the ultrasonic generator (3) to generate high-frequency electrical signals. The ultrasonic transducer (302) converts the high-frequency electrical signals output by the ultrasonic generator (3) into mechanical vibrations. The amplitude transformer (503) amplifies the vibrations generated by the ultrasonic transducer (302) to meet the requirements of the amplitude for turning processing, and cut the camshaft under the assistance of ultrasonic vibration; Step S3: When using ultrasonic vibration assistance, the high-frequency signals generated by the DDS chip in the signal generator (303) are amplified by the power amplification unit and further drive the ultrasonic transducer (302). At the same time, use the phase detection chip to monitor the voltage and current phase difference at both ends of the ultrasonic transducer (302). When the phase difference is not zero, the MCU controller (402) adjusts the output frequency of the DDS chip according to this phase difference to make the phase difference approach zero, and realize the adaptive resonance of the circuit in a wide frequency range; By pre-storing the optimal processing frequencies and impedance matching parameters corresponding to different curvature segments of the camshaft, during the processing, judge the current processed curvature segment according to the real-time position information of the camshaft. The MCU controller (402) reads the corresponding parameters and adjusts the frequency and impedance matching network of the signal generator (303) to make the ultrasonic assisted processing adapt to the requirements of different curvature segments of the camshaft; Step S4: When turning different curvature segments of the camshaft, use the displacement sensor (207), vibration sensor (506), cutting force sensor (507) and temperature sensor (604) to collect the cutting force, vibration, temperature and displacement parameters during the camshaft processing in real time. In the rough turning stage, use a larger cutting depth and feed rate and appropriately increase the ultrasonic power to reduce the cutting force and improve the processing efficiency. In the finish turning stage, reduce the cutting depth and feed rate, increase the cutting speed and adjust the ultrasonic frequency to improve the processing surface quality; Step S5: During the turning process of the camshaft, the back electromotive force generated by the ultrasonic transducer (302) is converted into direct current by the back electromotive force acquisition unit in the energy acquisition unit and transmitted to the supercapacitor bank (401). At this time, the energy management chip monitors the state of the supercapacitor bank (401) in real time. When energy input is detected, storage allocation is performed according to the power level in the supercapacitor bank (401). In the rough turning stage, the energy management chip preferentially allocates the stored energy to the ultrasonic generator (3) and the spindle motor (5) to ensure that there is sufficient power for efficient machining of the camshaft. At this time, the DC-DC converter (11) performs voltage conversion on the stored energy and supplies it according to the working voltage requirements of each component. In the finish turning stage, the energy management chip adjusts the energy allocation strategy to provide stable energy support for the feed motor (202) to ensure machining accuracy and stable energy supply. Step S6: After the turning of the camshaft is completed, the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank (9) is sprayed out from the cleaning liquid nozzle (902) through the cleaning pipeline (901) to wash the surface of the camshaft. At the same time, the cleaning oscillator (603) generates ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to cause cavitation effects. The cleaned liquid is led down to the chip collector (8) through the material guiding inclined plate (804). The cleaning liquid is filtered by the chip collecting port (801), and the filtered cleaning liquid flows back into the cleaning liquid tank (9) through the circulation pipeline (1001) for recycling.

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