Comprehensive method for rapidly extinguishing building fire

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive method for rapidly extinguishing a building fire, and relates to the technical field of urban fire fighting, and the method comprises the following specific steps: 1, building a fire headquarters, selecting a corresponding fire fighting scheme according to a fire state and a field condition, and implementing the scheme; 2, a fire rescue vehicle and firefighters are adopted for cooperative operation on a low-floor fire scene, and large-water-volume spraying full-coverage fire source type fire extinguishing operation is carried out; and thirdly, for a high-floor fire scene, an unmanned aerial vehicle set and firemen are adopted for cooperative operation, fire extinguishing operation is conducted in the mode that a large amount of water is sprayed to completely cover a fire source, unmanned aerial vehicles with the cargo capacity level of 300 kg are adopted, and the number of relay water conveying pipe carrying unmanned aerial vehicles is determined according to the position of a fire floor. According to the comprehensive method for rapidly putting out the building fire, a traditional low-efficiency fire extinguishing mode through a direct spraying pipe is thoroughly changed, particularly, firefighters manually put out fire, several persons carry one water pipe to put out fire cooperatively originally, and the freedom degree and safety of fire extinguishing operation of the firefighters are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban fire fighting, and specifically to a comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires. Background Art

[0002] After a building fire gets out of control and when the fire fighting and rescue arrives, it is already in the period of fierce combustion. The traditional fire extinguishing method is to spray water for fire extinguishing with a direct injection pipe nozzle; with this fire extinguishing method, it can often only extinguish the rooms that the direct water spray can reach, while the rooms that the water spray cannot reach can only continue to burn. And the direct water spray can only make the combustibles stop burning when it is sprayed onto the combustibles. There are often a lot of combustibles in a room, and the fire in this room can only be extinguished after all of them are sprayed one by one; this is why it takes a long time to extinguish a building fire with the traditional fire extinguishing method; or rather, the traditional fire extinguishing method has a serious problem of low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires, which solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires includes the following specific steps:

[0005] Step 1: Establish a fire command center, select a corresponding fire fighting plan according to the fire situation and on-site conditions, and implement it;

[0006] Step 2: For the fire scene on the lower floors, use a new type of fire fighting and rescue vehicle and firefighters to cooperate, and implement a large water volume spray full coverage of the fire source type fire extinguishing operation. The specific process is as follows:

[0007] (1) Dispatch a new type of fire fighting and rescue vehicle to the fire scene, use the spray device set at the end of the robotic arm to approach or extend into the window of the burning room, and spray a large amount of water mist into the burning room, which can instantly cover the burning room and the connected burning rooms, thereby enabling rapid heat exchange and controlling and extinguishing the fire;

[0008] (2) Firefighters enter the corridor in a timely manner, reach the floor below the burning floor to lay out the main and shunt pipelines. One end of the main pipeline is connected to the nearest fire hydrant, and the other end is connected to a water distributor. Two branch pipes are extended through the water distributor, and a large water volume hand-held spray device is connected to the end of the branch pipe. Firefighters carry the hand-held large water volume spray device along a safe path to the outside of the burning room and spray a large amount of water mist into the burning room to quickly extinguish the fire;

[0009] Step 3: For the fire scene on the high floors, use drones and firefighters to cooperate, and also use the large water volume spray full coverage of the fire source type for fire extinguishing operation. The drone used is a drone with a load capacity of 300 kg. The specific process is as follows:

[0010] (1) The first operating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is responsible for the large - volume spray fire - fighting task; a large - volume spray device and a booster pump are installed inside this UAV, and a telescopic spray pipe is connected; the telescopic length of the telescopic spray pipe is set to about 5 m. At the same time, to ensure the balance of the UAV during operation, a balance - gravity rotor needs to be set on this telescopic spray pipe;

[0011] (2) A spray balance rotor is set in the opposite direction of the telescopic pipe to offset the reaction force generated during large - volume spraying. The length of the water delivery pipe carried under the first operating UAV is set to 10 ± 1 m. The water delivery pipe can be an ordinary fire hose or an elastic hard pipe with the same pipe diameter;

[0012] (3) According to the height of the fire - affected floor, the second, third, fourth... Nth operating UAVs need to be adapted to be responsible for the intermediate - load water delivery pipe operation. The length of the water pipe carried by each UAV is set to 30 ± 2 m. The UAVs only need to connect the water delivery pipes and then can immediately be put into the fire - fighting operation;

[0013] Step Four: The stage of clearing residual fires; after the fire is extinguished, it is necessary to patrol the fire scene to thoroughly clear the residual fires to prevent re - ignition; and arrange personnel to stay at the fire scene for continuous monitoring to ensure complete extinguishment;

[0014] Step Five: After confirming that the fire scene is completely safe, evacuate personnel and equipment in an orderly manner, and at the same time summarize the fire - fighting operation.

[0015] Optionally, the on - site situation includes weather conditions, personnel evacuation situation, storage status of inflammable and explosive substances, real - time wind direction, structure of the fire - affected building, and height of the fire - affected floor.

[0016] Optionally, the main pipeline and the water distributor are arranged by one or more of the following methods: carried on the back of a firefighter or carried on the back of a robotic dog.

[0017] Optionally, the large - volume spray device is composed of three parts. The rear end of the spray device is composed of a fan driven by a high - efficiency DC motor. The inner wall of the front - end fan cylinder of the spray device is provided with a plurality of small sprayers. That is, the water is first atomized and then blown out by a high - power fan. A guiding nozzle is provided at the port of the small sprayer.

[0018] Optionally, in step three, if the fire point is on a high - rise floor above 100 m, among the UAVs responsible for water delivery, one or more UAVs carrying booster pumps need to be set to ensure smooth water supply and stable water pressure for high - rise building fire - fighting.

[0019] The present invention provides a comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires, having the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires involves a new type of fire-fighting and rescue vehicle. When it arrives at the fire scene, it extends its robotic arm at the fastest speed. At the end of the robotic arm, there is a high-volume and efficient spray device that approaches or extends into the burning window, and immediately starts spraying a large volume of water mist into the burning room. In an instant, the entire burning room can be covered, and it can also reach other interconnected rooms where direct water spraying cannot reach. Under the action of the large volume of water mist that almost completely covers all burning rooms in an instant, the heat exchange in the burning room can be quickly completed without any dead corners, thus achieving the goal of quickly extinguishing the fire;

[0021] Firefighters also timely carry a new type of portable large-volume spray device to the outside of the burning room and promptly spray a large volume of water mist into the burning room. Similarly, it can also instantly cover almost all burning rooms with a large volume of water mist and quickly complete heat exchange without any dead corners, that is, achieve the goal of quickly extinguishing the fire. This technical solution replicates the scene of nature quickly extinguishing forest fires by raining for hundreds of millions of years. Its core inspiration is that continuous and dense water droplets completely covering the fire source can quickly achieve heat exchange and extinguish the fire;

[0022] This technical solution has completely changed the traditional inefficient fire extinguishing method of direct spray pipes, especially manual firefighting by firefighters. From several people carrying a water pipe to cooperate in extinguishing the fire in the past, it has become a single-person operation, greatly improving the freedom and safety of firefighters' fire extinguishing operations. In case of a high-risk fire scene, the robotic dog can also play an important role in replacing firefighters to carry out fire extinguishing operations;

[0023] The fire extinguishing operation drones of this scheme can fly directly from the fire station to the fire scene or be carried into the scene by a special fire truck. This unmanned aerial vehicle group operation fire extinguishing scheme, because each drone only needs to be connected by a water pipe plug or snap connection, has a relatively fast preparation speed. Since the unmanned aerial vehicle group starts the fire extinguishing operation, spraying a large volume of water mist towards the burning rooms on the burning floor to completely cover the fire source in the burning rooms, the efficiency of achieving the goal of quickly extinguishing the fire will be more than ten times that of the existing fire extinguishing schemes;

[0024] At the same time, firefighters can also reach the burning floor as soon as possible; use a portable large-volume spray device to participate in fire extinguishing and clean up the fire scene;

[0025] And during the process of extinguishing high-rise building fires, the freight robotic dog will play an extremely important role; it can greatly reduce the burden on firefighters of carrying fire-fighting equipment and can also replace firefighters to perform high-risk fire extinguishing tasks. Specific implementation methods

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality of" means two or more; the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1: In December 2021, in a residential building in a southern city, a fire broke out due to a short circuit in an electric blanket. The residential building has a total of six floors, and the fire started on the fifth floor. The fire brigade arrived at the scene 5 minutes after the fire broke out and launched a fire extinguishing operation.

[0030] It includes the following specific steps:

[0031] Step 1: Establish a fire command post. The fire situation is severe and there is a tendency to spread to the sixth-floor residential households. All residents are evacuated. The weather on that day is cloudy with a northwest wind of level 3.

[0032] Step 2: Use a fire truck and firefighters to cooperate in the fire scene on the lower floors to carry out a large-volume spray full-coverage fire extinguishing operation on the fire source. The specific process is as follows:

[0033] (1) Dispatch a new type of fire truck to the fire scene. Use the spray device set at the end of the robotic arm to approach or extend into the burning window and spray a large volume of water mist into the burning room, which can instantly cover the burning room and the connected burning rooms, thereby controlling and extinguishing the fire.

[0034] (2) Firefighters also enter the corridor in a timely manner, carry fire-fighting equipment to the floor below the burning floor to lay out a diversion pipeline. One end of the main pipeline is connected to the nearest fire hydrant, and the other end is connected to a water distributor. Two branch pipes are extended through the water distributor, and a large-volume hand-held spray device is connected to the end of the branch pipe. The firefighters carry the hand-held large-volume spray device along a safe path to the outside of the burning room and spray a large volume of water mist into the burning room to quickly extinguish the fire.

[0035] Step 3: Stage of clearing residual fires; after the fire is extinguished, it is necessary to patrol the fire site to thoroughly clear the residual fires to prevent re-ignition; and arrange personnel to stay at the fire scene for continuous monitoring to ensure complete extinction;

[0036] Step 5: After confirming that the fire site is completely safe, evacuate personnel and equipment in an orderly manner.

[0037] Example 2: In July 2022, at a high-rise building construction site in a southern city, a fire was caused by construction workers accidentally igniting a woven net during welding. The building has a total of 45 floors, and the ignition point was on the 36th floor. Five fire trucks were arranged by the nearby fire squadron to go to the rescue;

[0038] It includes the following specific steps:

[0039] Step 1: Establish a fire command post. The fire situation is severe and has spread from the 36th floor to the 39th - 40th floor. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and firefighter coordinated fire extinguishing operation plan is applicable. All the construction site personnel have been evacuated. The weather on that day was sunny with a southeast wind of level 4;

[0040] Step 2: The first operating UAV is responsible for the large - volume spray fire extinguishing task; this UAV is equipped with a large - volume spray device and a booster pump, and is connected to a retractable spray pipe; the retractable length of the retractable spray pipe is set to about 5m. At the same time, to ensure the balance of the UAV during operation, a balance gravity rotor needs to be set on this retractable spray pipe; a spray balance rotor is set in the opposite direction of the retractable pipe. The length of the water delivery pipe carried under the first operating UAV is set to 10 ± 1m;

[0041] Step 3: According to the height of the burning floor, directly below the first spray UAV, the appropriate number of UAVs responsible for medium - load water delivery pipe operation are adapted. The length of the water pipe carried by each UAV is set to 30 ± 2m. After preparation, the fire extinguishing operation of the UAV group is immediately implemented;

[0042] Step 4: Firefighters also timely carry equipment into the corridor to reach the floor directly below the burning floor, and immediately lay the main and shunt pipes. One end of the main pipe is connected to the nearest fire hydrant, and the other end is connected to a water distributor. Two branch water pipes extend from the water distributor, and large - volume hand - held spray devices are connected to the ends of the branch water pipes. Firefighters carry the hand - held large - volume spray devices along the safe path to the outside of the burning room and spray large - volume water mist into the burning room to extinguish the fire;

[0043] Step 5: Stage of clearing residual fires; after the fire is extinguished, it is necessary to patrol the fire site to thoroughly clear the residual fires to prevent re - ignition; and arrange personnel to stay at the fire scene for continuous monitoring to ensure complete extinction;

[0044] Step 6: After confirming that the fire site is completely safe, evacuate personnel and equipment in an orderly manner, and at the same time summarize the fire - fighting operation.

[0045] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated method for quickly extinguishing building fires, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: Step 1: Establish a fire command post, select an appropriate fire-fighting plan according to the fire situation and on-site conditions, and implement it; Step 2: For the fire scene on the lower floors, use a fire truck and firefighters to work together, and use a large amount of water spray to cover the fire source completely for fire extinguishing operations. The specific process is as follows: (1) Dispatch a new type of fire truck to the fire scene, use the spray device set at the end of the robotic arm to approach or extend into the window of the burning room, and spray a large amount of water mist into the burning room, which can instantly cover the burning room and the connected burning rooms, thereby realizing rapid heat exchange and extinguishing the fire; (2) Firefighters enter the building in a timely manner, reach the floor below the burning floor along the safety passage, lay the main and branch pipelines. One end of the main pipeline is connected to the nearest fire hydrant, and the other end is connected to a water distributor. Two branch water pipes are extended through the water distributor, and a large-capacity portable spray device is connected to the end of the branch water pipe. Firefighters carry the portable large-capacity spray device along the safe path to the outside of the burning room and spray a large amount of water mist into the burning room to quickly extinguish the fire; Step 3: For the fire scene on the high floors, use unmanned aerial vehicles and firefighters to work together, and also use a large amount of water spray to cover the fire source completely for fire extinguishing operations. Use unmanned aerial vehicles with a payload capacity of 300 kg. The specific process is as follows: (1) The first operating unmanned aerial vehicle is responsible for the large-capacity spray fire extinguishing task; a large-capacity spray device and a booster pump are installed in this unmanned aerial vehicle, and a telescopic spray pipe is connected; the telescopic length of the telescopic spray pipe is set to about 5 m. At the same time, to ensure the balance of the unmanned aerial vehicle during operation, a balance gravity rotor needs to be set on the telescopic spray pipe; (2) Spray balance rotors are set in the opposite direction of the telescopic pipe to offset the recoil force of the large-capacity spray. The length of the water delivery pipe carried under the first operating unmanned aerial vehicle is set to 10 ± 1 m. The water delivery pipe can be an ordinary fire-resistant canvas hose or an elastic hard pipe with the same pipe diameter as the ordinary fire hose; (3) According to the height of the burning floor, whether to adapt the second, third, fourth... Nth operating unmanned aerial vehicles to be responsible for the intermediate load-bearing water delivery pipe operation. The length of the water pipe carried by each unmanned aerial vehicle is set to 30 ± 2 m. The unmanned aerial vehicle group only needs to connect the water delivery pipes and then can immediately start the fire extinguishing operation; Step 4: The stage of cleaning up the remaining fire; after the fire is extinguished, it is necessary to patrol the fire scene, thoroughly clean up the remaining fire to prevent re-ignition; and arrange personnel to stay at the fire scene for continuous monitoring to ensure complete extinguishment; Step 5: After confirming that the fire scene is completely safe, evacuate personnel and equipment in an orderly manner, and at the same time summarize the fire-fighting operation.

2. The comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-site conditions include weather conditions, personnel evacuation conditions, storage status of inflammable and explosive substances, real-time wind direction, structure of the fire building, and height of the fire floor.

3. The comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main pipeline and the water distributor are laid by one or more of the following methods: carried by firefighters on their backs or carried by a robotic dog.

4. The comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large-capacity spray device is composed of three parts. The rear end of the spray device is composed of a fan driven by a high-efficiency DC motor. There are multiple small sprayers on the inner wall of the front fan cylinder of the spray device. That is, the water is atomized first and then blown out by a high-power fan. A guiding nozzle is provided at the port of the portable sprayer.

5. A comprehensive method for quickly extinguishing building fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, if the fire point is on a high floor more than 100 m above the ground, one or more of the drones responsible for water delivery need to carry a booster pump according to the elevation requirement to ensure unobstructed water supply and stable water pressure for extinguishing fires in high-rise buildings.