Modularized horizontal type accurate control biomass pyrolysis reactor

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, in particular to a modular horizontal type accurate control biomass pyrolysis reactor which comprises a reactor horizontally spliced in a segmented mode, the reactor comprises a plurality of modular reaction units, independent material stirring assemblies and air distribution systems are arranged in the reaction units, and rotating shafts of the material stirring assemblies are horizontally arranged; the extending direction of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the flowing direction of materials in the reactor, and the material stirring assemblies are matched with one another to stir the materials in the reactor from the upstream to the downstream. The technical problem that in the prior art, a horizontal pyrolysis reactor cannot be lengthened due to the fact that the length of a rotating shaft is limited is solved, each reaction unit can be accurately controlled, a user can adjust according to customer project requirements and different types of materials, different numbers of reaction units are combined to meet the required treatment capacity or carbon production requirement, and the production efficiency is improved. If the feeding amount reaches 1-20 tons per hour, the reactor does not need to be redesigned, and the size of the reactor is not limited by the length of the material stirring shaft any more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy, and specifically to a modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor. Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy is a green energy source with significant environmental and sustainable development advantages. Biomass energy has a wide range of sources, including natural organic substances such as agricultural and forestry waste, straw, bamboo chips, and wood chips, which is a form of energy storage in nature that fixes solar energy through photosynthesis. Compared with traditional fossil fuels, the carbon dioxide emitted during the combustion or conversion of biomass energy is basically offset by the carbon absorbed during its growth process, achieving a nearly "carbon-neutral" process. Therefore, biomass energy is widely regarded as a green and clean renewable energy source. With the global promotion of sustainable development goals (SDGs), the development of efficient and controllable biomass energy conversion technologies has become an important part of the energy transition. Especially in the field of thermochemical conversion such as gasification and pyrolysis, biomass energy demonstrates high conversion efficiency and flexibility, providing a practical path to solve the problems of fossil energy dependence and environmental pollution.

[0003] While providing clean energy, biomass can also produce high-value-added biochar as a by-product, realizing the co-utilization of energy and materials. During the pyrolysis process, by controlling the reaction temperature between 400 - 600 °C and setting appropriate atmosphere and residence time, biochar with a porous structure can be effectively produced. This carbon material can not only be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil fertility and water retention, but also be widely used in environmental protection and industrial fields such as water purification, air filtration, industrial adsorption, and activated carbon preparation, having both environmental benefits and economic value. However, the stable production of high-quality biochar depends on precise temperature control and process control, requiring the pyrolysis system to maintain a stable thermal field and uniform reaction throughout the entire operation cycle. Most pyrolysis reactors on the market are relatively rough in structure and lack the ability to dynamically and precisely control the temperature and atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone, resulting in unstable properties of the carbon products and large fluctuations in the yield, making it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale and high-value-added applications. Therefore, developing a modular pyrolysis reactor with a stable thermal field and precise control ability is the key technical direction for achieving high-quality and high-efficiency production of biomass carbon.

[0004] The horizontal biomass pyrolysis reactor is a key device for producing biomass carbon.

[0005] The horizontal biomass pyrolysis reactor includes a furnace body and a screw shaft horizontally arranged in the furnace body. The screw shaft spans the entire furnace body, and the extending direction of the screw shaft is the same as the flow direction of the materials in the furnace body, that is, one end of the screw shaft is connected to the upstream of the material channel, and the other end is connected to the downstream of the material channel, responsible for stirring and conveying the materials in the furnace.

[0006] For example, the invention patent with the publication number CN103160298A relates to a biomass gas and biomass carbon preparation system, which includes: a feeding unit, a pyrolysis reaction unit, and three consecutive working units of a discharging unit, and also has a pyrolysis reaction control system; the pyrolysis reaction unit has a pyrolysis reaction body, in which a screw propulsion device and a air supply device are provided; the pyrolysis reaction body is a rectangular cavity with a metal shell; the cavity of the pyrolysis reaction body is divided into two separable upper and lower parts. In the pyrolysis reaction body of the present invention, a heat insulation layer is provided to effectively separate the metal shell from the high-temperature reaction medium, reducing the heat resistance requirements for the material of the pyrolysis reaction body cavity, enabling the use of ordinary carbon steel materials to reduce costs, effectively alleviating the thermal deformation of the metal shell, and reducing heat loss; the pyrolysis reaction body is divided into upper and lower parts, making it easier to disassemble the vulnerable parts at the bottom of the reaction body for convenient maintenance and replacement.

[0007] Another example is the utility model patent with the publication number CN214422264U, belonging to the technical field of activation reaction equipment, which relates to a precisely controlled biomass gas carbon reactor, including a feeding unit, a reaction unit, and a discharging unit connected in sequence. The feeding unit includes a level baffle for controlling the feeding amount of the feeding unit. The reaction unit includes a preheating zone, a pyrolysis zone, and a carbonization zone connected in sequence. The discharging unit includes a gas phase outlet and a solid phase outlet, and the gas phase outlet is connected with a purification device. The present utility model can achieve precise control of the material feeding amount, material propulsion speed, reaction temperature, and reaction intensity one by one and integrate them for optimization, maximizing the overall biomass activation efficiency, solving the defects of poor quality, low grade, and narrow use of the activated carbon obtained by chemical activation of biomass gas carbon, injecting vitality into the deep processing development of the biomass energy industry, and having the advantages of stability, reliability, high automation level, and precise control, with great market value and worthy of wide promotion and application.

[0008] However, the above horizontal biomass pyrolysis reactors are restricted by the length of the auger shaft and cannot be made larger. Specifically, if the auger shaft in the horizontal direction is too long, the overall mass of the auger shaft will be too large, and the auger shaft will bend under the action of gravity, thus affecting the operation of the pyrolysis reactor. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the horizontal pyrolysis reactor is restricted by the length of the rotating shaft and cannot be made larger or longer, the present application proposes a modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor, which solves the above technical problem.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

[0011] The present invention provides a modular horizontal precise control biomass pyrolysis reactor, including a reactor spliced section by section horizontally. The reactor includes a plurality of modular reaction units. An independent material feeding component and an air distribution system are configured in each reaction unit. The rotating shaft of the material feeding component is horizontally arranged, and the extending direction of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the material in the reactor. The material feeding components cooperate with each other to feed the material in the reactor from the upstream to the downstream. Different numbers of reaction units can be arbitrarily combined according to the demand of material processing energy to form modular products with different processing capacities. The air distribution system is arranged at the bottom of the reaction unit.

[0012] Further, a plurality of rows of material feeding blades are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft of the material feeding component, and the material feeding blades in adjacent rows are staggered.

[0013] Further, the material feeding blades are connected to the rotating shaft of the material feeding component through connecting rods on both sides to form a blade channel for gas and material mixing between the material feeding blades and the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The material feeding component is detachably installed on the side wall of the reaction unit and is located in the material channel of the reactor. Its size, position and density can be adjusted at any time according to different materials. At the same time, when the material feeding blade moves to the lowest position, it is close to the bottom plate of the material channel in the reactor, which ensures that even when the material level in the reactor is low, the material feeding blade can still empty the material. The blade channel for gas and solid material mixing ensures that under normal material levels, the introduced air and pyrolysis product gas can freely shuttle in the reactor without being affected by the material feeding blades.

[0014] Further, the rotating shaft of the material feeding component is a hollow shaft, and cooling air flows through the hollow shaft.

[0015] Further, the air distribution system includes independent air-cooled wind boxes corresponding to the number of the material feeding components, which are configured in the bottom area of the material passing cabin in each reaction unit. The air-cooled wind boxes are in a box shape enveloping the bottom and part of the side walls of the material passing cabin in the reaction unit, such as a U-shaped cabin.

[0016] Further, the cooling air flowing through the rotating shaft flows in from one end of the rotating shaft where the driving motor is arranged, flows out from the other end of the rotating shaft and then enters the air-cooled wind box, and then enters the reactor through a plurality of air holes at the top of the air-cooled wind box. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the introduced gas is injected into the reactor through a plurality of small air hole groups at the top of the air-cooled wind box to participate in the pyrolysis reaction. In the upper control system of this modular horizontal precise control biomass pyrolysis reactor, the number of air holes and the air volume control are precisely controlled by the control system for its pyrolysis products.

[0017] Further, thermal insulation materials are arranged at the top and side walls of the material passing bin in the reaction unit. The thermal insulation materials are located at the top and side walls of the reactor, that is, the upper part area of the reaction unit is formed into a high-temperature zone, and the lower part of the reaction unit is formed into a low-temperature zone. A flange is arranged at the low-temperature zone.

[0018] Further, the bearing at one end of the rotating shaft where the driving motor is arranged is of an upper and lower split type.

[0019] Further, the bottom surface of the material passing bin in the reaction unit is sequentially formed into a horizontal section and an inclined downward section from upstream to downstream, and the inclined downward section is arranged as an arc protruding downward.

[0020] Further, a step is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the adjacent two material passing bins in the reaction unit. The rear end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit is higher than the front end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit.

[0021] Further, a buckle structure is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the adjacent two material passing bins in the reaction unit. The buckle structure includes an outward turning edge that is vertically downward formed after the rear end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit is bent, and an inward turning edge that is vertically upward formed after the front end of the bottom surface of the downstream reaction unit is bent.

[0022] Further, a feed port is arranged at the top of the reaction unit located at the most upstream of the reactor, and gas outlets are arranged at the tops of the remaining reaction units. The gas outlets can be one or more. At the same time, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the reaction unit located at the most downstream of the reactor.

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, the technical effects that the present invention can achieve are as follows:

[0024] The modular horizontal precise control biomass pyrolysis reactor of the present invention is horizontally segmented and spliced, including a plurality of modular reaction units. An independent material feeding component and air distribution system are configured in each reaction unit. The rotating shaft of the material feeding component is horizontally arranged, and the extending direction of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the material in the reactor. The material feeding components cooperate with each other to move the material in the reactor from the upstream to the downstream. That is, the length of the rotating shaft of the material feeding component is determined by the width of the reaction unit, rather than the length of the entire material passing channel from the upstream to the downstream of the entire reactor. At this time, if you want to improve the processing efficiency of the reactor per unit time, you can extend the length of the reactor, that is, as long as you increase the number of reaction units or increase the length of a single reaction unit and cooperate with a sufficient number of material feeding components, thus solving the technical problem in the prior art that the horizontal pyrolysis reactor is restricted by the length of the rotating shaft and cannot be made large or long. Users can arbitrarily combine the production capacity for processing according to the project and needs, and can also adjust according to different types of materials. Users can combine different numbers of reaction units to reach the required processing volume, such as achieving a feeding volume in the range of 1-20 tons per hour. The size of the reactor is no longer restricted by a fixed length. For example, if the length of a reaction unit is 1 meter, reactors with lengths of 6 meters, 10 meters, and 15 meters can be combined to process materials of 1T / h, 2T / h, and 4T / h (non-linear relationship, varying according to different material characteristics such as calorific value, humidity, density, etc.);

[0025] Each reaction unit has its own parameter measuring points, and the combined reaction unit group can achieve precise control of various biomass pyrolysis reaction parameters: feeding volume, feeding speed, discharging speed, air distribution intensity, temperature, temperature distribution, etc., to achieve the purpose of precise pyrolysis reaction of each reaction unit and the overall pyrolysis reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the reactor of the invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another perspective of the reactor of the invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a front view of the reactor of the invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a side view of the reactor of the invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a top view of the reactor of the invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a comparative schematic diagram after the reactor of the first embodiment of the invention is cut open in the width direction and length direction;

[0032] Figure 7 For Figure 6Partial enlarged view of part A;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the invention after being cut along the reactor length direction;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the invention after being cut along the reactor length direction;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the invention after being cut along the reactor length direction;

[0036] Figure 11 Simplified schematic diagram of the reactor of the invention.

[0037] Wherein: 1 - reaction unit, 11 - horizontal section, 12 - inclined downward section, 13 - step, 14 - snap structure, 141 - outward turned edge, 142 - inward turned edge, 15 - feed inlet, 16 - gas outlet, 17 - discharge outlet; 2 - material dialing assembly, 21 - rotating shaft, 22 - dialing piece, 23 - connecting rod, 24 - dialing piece channel, 25 - driving motor, 26 - bearing, 27 - rotary joint; 3 - air-cooled air box; 4 - heat insulating material. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way constitutes any limitation to the present invention and its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] As Figures 1-11 shown, the present invention provides a modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor, including a reactor spliced horizontally in sections. The reactor includes a plurality of modular reaction units 1. An independent material dialing assembly 2 and an air distribution system are configured in the reaction unit 1. Specifically, one or more material dialing assemblies 2 can be configured according to the length of the reaction unit 1. The rotating shaft 21 of the material dialing assembly 2 is horizontally configured, and the extending direction of the rotating shaft 21 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the material in the reactor, that is, the extending direction of the rotating shaft 21 is the same as the width direction of the reaction unit 1. Both ends of the rotating shaft 21 are configured on the side walls of the reaction unit 1. The material dialing assemblies 2 cooperate with each other to dial the material in the reactor from the upstream to the downstream. The air distribution system is configured at the bottom of the reaction unit 1. Preferably, the rotating shaft 21 of each material dialing assembly 2 is controlled by a separate driving motor, so as to facilitate sectional control of the material in the reactor.

[0040] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, multiple rows of material pushing sheets 22 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 21 of the material pushing assembly 2. In this embodiment, there are six rows. The material pushing sheets 22 of adjacent rows are staggered. For example, if two material pushing sheets 22 are arranged in the previous row and the two material pushing sheets 22 are distributed at both ends of the rotating shaft 21, then one material pushing sheet 22 is arranged in the adjacent row and the one material pushing sheet 22 is distributed in the middle section of the rotating shaft 21, thereby facilitating the flow of the gas after the reaction of the material.

[0041] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the material pushing sheets 22 are connected to the rotating shaft 21 of the material pushing assembly 2 through the connecting rods 23 on both sides, leaving a space between the material pushing sheets 22 and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21 to form a pushing sheet channel 24, and at the same time, it can also prevent the material from being pushed too fast.

[0042] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rotating shaft 21 of the material pushing assembly 2 is a hollow shaft, and cooling air flows through the hollow shaft. The center of the rotating shaft 21 is cooled, extending its service life.

[0043] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the air distribution system includes independent air-cooling wind boxes 3 corresponding to the number of material pushing assemblies 2 configured in the bottom area of the material passing bin of each reaction unit 1. The air-cooling wind boxes 3 are in the shape of a box enveloping the bottom and part of the side wall of the material passing bin in the reaction unit 1, such as a U-shaped bin. The air-cooling wind boxes 3 are used to collect and introduce the cooling air.

[0044] Preferably, the cooling air flowing through the rotating shaft 21 flows in from one end of the rotating shaft 21 where the driving motor 25 is arranged, flows out from the other end of the rotating shaft 21 and then enters the air-cooling wind box 3 for collection, and then enters the bottom of the material in the reaction unit 1 through multiple small air holes at the top of the air-cooling wind box 3 to realize the pyrolysis reaction. The cooling capacity of the cooling air entering the reaction unit 1 is large enough, and its air intake volume is controlled by the air intake precise control system of this unit to control the air volume entering this unit.

[0045] Specifically, both ends of the rotating shaft 21 are connected to the air duct through rotary joints 27.

[0046] Specifically, the bearing 26 at the end of the rotating shaft 21 where the driving motor is arranged is of an upper and lower split type, which is easy to disassemble during maintenance.

[0047] Specifically, heat insulation materials 4 are arranged on the top and part of the side wall of the material passing bin in the reaction unit 1, and the heat insulation materials 4 are cast in the side wall.

[0048] Specifically, the flange at the bottom of the side wall of the reaction unit 1 connected to the external air duct is integrated. This relates to the heat insulation method of the reactor. The cast heat insulation material 4 is all at the top of the reactor, and the air-leakage-prone flange is in the low-temperature area at the bottom of the furnace body, which is conducive to the stable operation of the sealed equipment. Preferably, the flange is a flexible flange with a sealing mechanism. The sealing mechanism adopts a labyrinth seal and a graphite seal device, which greatly ensures the sealing reliability in the low-temperature area.

[0049] Specifically, the air-cooling air box 3 is in the low-temperature area, and the flange on the air duct or the rotating shaft 21 communicating with the air-cooling air box 3 is in the low-temperature safety area, which is convenient for maintaining the strength of the reactor shell, not in the high-temperature dangerous area at the top of the reactor, and avoiding the possibility of deformation in the low-temperature safety area at the bottom of the reactor. Especially, the flexible flange involved has a sealing mechanism (labyrinth seal and graphite seal device), which greatly ensures the sealing reliability in the low-temperature area.

[0050] In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the reaction unit 1 is sequentially formed as a horizontal section 11 and an inclined downward section 12 from upstream to downstream, so that the material can move downstream under the action of gravity without moving too fast and can react slowly.

[0051] In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the inclined downward section 12 is set as an arc protruding downward. The arc design can enable the material passing cabin to obtain more space and at the same time delay the downward movement rate of the material.

[0052] In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, a step 13 is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the material passing cabins in two adjacent reaction units 1. The rear end of the bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the upstream reaction unit 1 is higher than the front end of the bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the upstream reaction unit 1. Such a design method is convenient for the on-site assembly of the reaction unit 1 on the one hand and does not cause jamming to the movement of the material on the other hand.

[0053] In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, a snap structure 14 is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the material passing cabins in two adjacent reaction units 1. The snap structure 14 includes a vertically downward turned-out edge 141 formed by bending the rear end of the bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the upstream reaction unit 1 and a vertically upward turned-in edge 142 formed by bending the front end of the bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the downstream reaction unit 1, so as to prevent the material from entering the joint of the two reaction units 1 and ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

[0054] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a feed inlet 15 is arranged at the top of the reaction unit 1 located at the uppermost upstream of the reactor, and gas outlets 16 are arranged at the tops of the remaining reaction units 1. At the same time, a discharge outlet 17 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction unit 1 located at the lowermost downstream of the reactor. Optionally, the part where the discharge outlet 17 of the reaction unit 1 located at the lowermost downstream of the reactor is located can be separately arranged, spliced with the reaction unit 1 of this part, or integrally formed with the reaction unit 1 of this part.

[0055] Furthermore, temperature sensors and position sensors can be arranged in the material passing compartments of the reaction unit 1 to monitor the material state in real time. At the same time, in cooperation with the separately controlled material distributing assembly 2 and the air-cooling air box 3, precise control of the material in each section can be carried out. For example, the rotation speed of the material distributing assembly 2, the height of the material level, the material temperature, the air intake volume, the temperature distribution, and the material transmission speed can all be precisely adjusted.

[0056] The modular horizontal precise control biomass pyrolysis reactor of the present invention realizes modularization and can be independently selected according to customer needs without redesigning the reactor:

[0057] As Figure 6 shown, there are a total of four reaction units 1 from the upstream to the downstream of the reactor, with an actual length close to 5 meters, and a feed rate of nearly 1 T / h can be processed. One feed inlet 15, one material distributing assembly 2, and one air-cooling air box 3 are arranged on the first reaction unit 1. One gas outlet 16, one material distributing assembly 2, and one air-cooling air box 3 are arranged on the second reaction unit 1. One gas outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling air boxes 3 are arranged on the third reaction unit 1. One gas outlet 16, one discharge outlet 17, one material distributing assembly 2, and one air-cooling air box 3 are arranged on the fourth reaction unit 1. For example, for customers who need activated carbon products and require a high volatile content in the biomass charcoal, the reactor can discharge materials relatively quickly, at a lower temperature and with a shorter reaction time to ensure a certain amount of volatile matter for the production of activated carbon;

[0058] As Figure 8As shown in the figure, there are a total of five reaction units 1 from upstream to downstream in the reactor. The actual length is nearly 8 meters, and it can handle a feed rate of nearly 1.8 T / h. A feed inlet 15, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the first reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the second reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the third reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the fourth reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, a discharge outlet 17, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the fifth reaction unit 1. The increase in reaction length is the main condition for the increase in throughput. The increase in length means that the rotational speed of each stage will also increase relatively slightly;

[0059] As Figure 9 shown in the figure, there are a total of four reaction units 1 from upstream to downstream in the reactor. The actual length is nearly 9 meters, and it can handle a feed rate of nearly 2 T / h. A feed inlet 15, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the first reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the second reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the third reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, a discharge outlet 17, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the fourth reaction unit 1;

[0060] As Figure 10 shown in the figure, there are a total of five reaction units 1 from upstream to downstream in the reactor. The actual length is nearly 12 meters, and it can handle a feed rate of nearly 3 T / h. A feed inlet 15, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the first reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the second reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the third reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, three independent material distributing assemblies 2, and three independent air-cooling boxes 3 are arranged on the fourth reaction unit 1. An air outlet 16, a discharge outlet 17, a material distributing assembly 2, and an air-cooling box 3 are arranged on the fifth reaction unit 1. The increase in reaction length is the main condition for the increase in throughput and also the requirement for the complete reaction. For example, for customers who need biomass charcoal products with a high carbon content and extremely low volatile matter content in the biomass charcoal, the reactor needs to discharge materials relatively slowly to ensure that the biomass charcoal has no peculiar smell. At the same time, increasing the temperature should be avoided, otherwise it will accelerate the reaction of carbon and reduce the carbon content. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the length and extend the residence time of the material without increasing the temperature in order to obtain biomass charcoal with low volatile matter and high carbon content.

[0061] In summary, the modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor of the present invention:

[0062] 1. It realizes modularization. Users can arbitrarily combine production capacities according to projects and requirements and adjust according to materials. For example, multiple reaction units 1 can be combined into any length to adapt to any feed amount required for processing, enabling the overall reactor to reach a feed amount in the range of 1 - 20 tons per hour, and the size is no longer restricted at all, eliminating the need for re - designing the reactor.

[0063] 2. It can achieve precise control. The rotation speed, internal material level height, temperature, and measurement points of the internal feeding component 2 in each modular reaction unit 1 can all be precisely adjusted. The feeding blade 22 can scrape the materials clean, and the flow rate of the cooling gas in the air - cooled air box 3 can also be precisely controlled.

[0064] 3. The center of the rotating shaft 21 is cooled, extending the service life.

[0065] 4. The rotation speed of the rotating shaft 21 of the internal feeding component 2 in each modular reaction unit 1 is controlled by a separate drive motor, and the flow rate of the cooling gas in the air - cooled air box 3 is controlled separately, thereby precisely controlling the temperature and reaction rate inside each reaction unit 1. The rotation speed, air addition, temperature, and reaction rate of each stage can be controlled by a separate motor, and the overall control is also optimized through the control system.

[0066] 5. This reactor can greatly improve the quality of charcoal. For example, it can meet the needs of customers with various high - carbon, moderate volatile content or high - carbon, low - volatile content requirements, and can even produce high - quality super activated carbon for making activated carbon, etc.

[0067] 6. Due to precise control, the ash slag in this reactor will not coke, and the feeding blade 22 can scrape the materials very clean.

[0068] 7. This reactor is easy to maintain. The reaction unit itself can be quickly disassembled, removed, or replaced, greatly reducing the maintenance time, maintaining the maximum number of operable hours throughout the year (more than 8000 hours), and all operating components are outside the reactor or in the low - temperature area.

[0069] 8. For the heat - preservation method of this reactor, the cast - in - place heat - preservation material 4 is on the top of the reactor, and the flange prone to air leakage is in the low - temperature area at the bottom, which is easy to seal and ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

[0070] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Obvious changes or variations derived from the spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that, It includes a reactor spliced horizontally in sections, the reactor includes a plurality of modular reaction units (1), an independent material distributing assembly (2) and an air distribution system are arranged in the reaction unit (1), the rotating shaft (21) of the material distributing assembly (2) is horizontally arranged, and the extending direction of the rotating shaft (21) is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the material in the reactor. The material distributing assemblies (2) cooperate with each other to move the material in the reactor from the upstream to the downstream, and the air distribution system is arranged at the bottom of the reaction unit (1).

2. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of rows of material distributing vanes (22) are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (21) of the material distributing assembly (2), and the adjacent rows of the material distributing vanes (22) are staggered.

3. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 2, wherein The material distributing vanes (22) are connected to the rotating shaft (21) of the material distributing assembly (2) through the connecting rods (23) on both sides to form a vane channel (24) for mixing gas and material between the material distributing vanes (22) and the outer wall of the rotating shaft (21).

4. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein The rotating shaft (21) of the material distributing assembly (2) is a hollow shaft, and cooling gas flows through the hollow shaft.

5. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 4, wherein, The air distribution system includes independent air-cooled wind boxes (3) corresponding to the number of the material distributing assemblies (2) arranged in the bottom area of the material passing cabin in each reaction unit (1). The air-cooled wind boxes (3) are in a box shape enclosing the bottom and part of the side walls of the material passing cabin in the reaction unit (1).

6. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling gas flowing through the rotating shaft (21) flows into one end of the rotating shaft (21) where the driving motor (25) is arranged, flows out from the other end of the rotating shaft (21), then enters the air-cooled wind box (3), and then is sent into the reactor through a plurality of air holes at the top of the air-cooled wind box (3) to participate in the pyrolysis reaction.

7. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that, Heat insulation materials (4) are arranged on the top and part of the side walls of the material passing cabin in the reaction unit (1). The upper part area of the reaction unit (1) forms a high-temperature area, and the lower part of the reaction unit (1) forms a low-temperature area. A flange is arranged at the low-temperature area.

8. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 6, wherein, The bearing (26) at one end of the rotating shaft (21) where the driving motor (25) is arranged is of an upper and lower split type.

9. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein The bottom surface of the material passing cabin in the reaction unit (1) is successively formed into a horizontal section (11) and an inclined downward section (12) from the upstream to the downstream, and the inclined downward section (12) is set as an arc protruding downward.

10. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A step (13) is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the material passing cabins in two adjacent reaction units (1). The rear end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit (1) is higher than the front end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit (1).

11. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that, A buckle structure (14) is formed at the connection of the bottom surfaces of the material passing cabins in two adjacent reaction units (1). The buckle structure (14) includes an outward turning edge (141) vertically downward formed after the rear end of the bottom surface of the upstream reaction unit (1) is bent, and an inward turning edge (142) vertically upward formed after the front end of the bottom surface of the downstream reaction unit (1) is bent.

12. The modular horizontal precisely controlled biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein, A feed inlet (15) is arranged at the top of the reaction unit (1) located at the uppermost upstream of the reactor, and gas outlets (16) are arranged at the tops of the remaining reaction units (1). Meanwhile, a discharge outlet (17) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction unit (1) located at the lowermost downstream of the reactor.

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