Block coal gasifier equipment with pre-combustion chamber and block coal gasification method
By setting up a pre-combustion chamber and cooling system in a fixed-bed gasification furnace, the problems of uneven gasification reaction and slag discharge are solved, and the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment and waste liquid treatment are achieved, which improves the gasification efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410122814.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-29
AI Technical Summary
During the use of the fixed-bed gasification furnace, the gasification reaction is uneven due to fluctuations in the flow rate of the bottom oxygen nozzle or the calcination problem, and the fluidity is deteriorated due to the decrease in the slag temperature, resulting in the blockage of the bottom discharge port of the fixed-bed gasification furnace, affecting the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment.
A pre-combustion chamber is set up in the gasifier equipment, and oxygen is sent into the pre-combustion chamber through an oxygen pipe for peroxide combustion to produce high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the oxidation zone as an oxidant and fully burns with the fixed carbon in the coal. The combustion temperature is close to 2000℃. The remaining ash of the coal is heated and melted. The temperature of the pyrolysis zone is controlled by setting a cooling system to prevent tar decomposition, and the slag discharge channel is ensured to be unobstructed through the annular frame and combustion ring design.
Effectively prevent uneven reactions of block coal and blockage of slag discharge channels, ensure stable operation of gasification equipment for a long period of time, realize high-temperature decomposition and harmless treatment of waste liquid, and improve gasification efficiency.
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Figure CN120383957A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of gasifiers, and particularly relates to a lump coal gasifier device with a pre-combustion chamber and a lump coal gasification method. Background Art
[0002] The fixed-bed gasifier is the oldest coal gasification equipment, which has the characteristics of mature technology, reliable equipment, flexible production operation, high thermal efficiency in the coal conversion process, and modern coal gasification technology has advantages in many aspects such as raw materials and environmental protection.
[0003] During the use of the fixed-bed gasifier, at the lower part of the fixed bed, due to the problems of flow rate fluctuation or uneven burning of the bottom oxygen nozzle, the gasification reaction combustion is uneven, the molten slag temperature decreases and the fluidity becomes poor, resulting in blockage of the bottom discharge port of the fixed-bed gasifier, affecting the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a lump coal gasifier device with a pre-combustion chamber and a lump coal gasification method. This lump coal gasifier device can effectively prevent the problems of uneven reaction of lump coal and blockage of the slag discharge channel, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A lump coal gasifier device with a pre-combustion chamber, which includes a furnace body having a furnace cavity, and an oxidation zone is provided in the furnace cavity; the lump coal gasifier device further includes:
[0007] A pre-combustion chamber, which is provided on the furnace body, and a combustion chamber is provided in the pre-combustion chamber for burning pulverized coal. An oxygen pipe, a waste liquid pipe and a feeding pipe are respectively provided on the pre-combustion chamber and communicate with the combustion chamber;
[0008] A ventilation pipe, which is provided on the furnace body, one end of the ventilation pipe communicates with the combustion chamber, and the other end of the ventilation pipe communicates with the oxidation zone.
[0009] Further, a pyrolysis zone is also provided in the furnace cavity, and the lump coal fixed-bed gasifier further includes:
[0010] A plurality of temperature adjustment holes, which are respectively provided on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body opposite to the pyrolysis zone and are arranged around the pyrolysis zone;
[0011] A cooling system, which is respectively connected to the plurality of temperature adjustment holes for providing a cooling medium to the pyrolysis zone through the plurality of temperature adjustment holes.
[0012] Further, the cooling system includes:
[0013] An annular frame is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body and communicates with the pyrolysis zone through a plurality of the temperature adjustment holes. A gas supply pipe is provided on the annular frame;
[0014] A cooling medium supply system is connected to the gas supply pipe for supplying a cooling medium into the annular frame through the gas supply pipe.
[0015] Further, the pre-combustion chamber is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body opposite to the oxidation zone. The combustion chamber extends obliquely upward. The first end of the combustion chamber communicates with the ventilation pipe; the second end of the combustion chamber communicates with the feeding pipe, and the oxygen pipe and the waste liquid pipe are respectively provided on the feeding pipe.
[0016] Further, the lump coal fixed-bed gasifier further includes a first refractory brick layer provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber. The first refractory brick layer is located at the bottom of the furnace chamber and fits with the inner peripheral wall of the furnace chamber. The first refractory brick layer encloses the oxidation zone, and the ventilation pipe is provided inside the first refractory brick layer.
[0017] Further, a slag discharge channel communicating with the furnace chamber is provided on the furnace body. The lump coal fixed-bed gasifier further includes a second refractory brick layer provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber. The second refractory brick layer is located below the first refractory brick layer. The second refractory brick layer encloses the slag discharge channel, and a water-cooling cavity is provided inside the second refractory brick layer.
[0018] Further, the lump coal fixed-bed gasifier further includes a combustion ring located below the second refractory brick layer. The combustion ring surrounds the slag discharge channel and is used for continuously heating the remaining ash of the lump coal.
[0019] Based on the lump coal gasification method of a lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber according to any one of the above claims, the lump coal gasification method includes:
[0020] Putting lump coal into the furnace chamber to form a fixed bed layer;
[0021] Introducing oxygen and pulverized coal into the combustion chamber and performing over-oxygen combustion on the pulverized coal in the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature flue gas containing at least carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen; and simultaneously introducing waste liquid into the combustion chamber through the waste liquid pipe to cause high-temperature decomposition of the organic matter in the waste liquid;
[0022] The high-temperature flue gas is discharged into the oxidation zone through the ventilation pipe, so that the high-temperature flue gas moves upward through the fixed bed layer, gasifying the lump coal in the fixed bed layer, and discharging the syngas generated by gasification through the exhaust channel.
[0023] Further, the gasifying the lump coal in the fixed bed layer includes:
[0024] The lump coal located in the upper part of the fixed bed absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to evaporate the moisture therein and thermally decompose the volatile components;
[0025] When the fixed bed moves downward to the reduction zone of the furnace cavity, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with carbon dioxide and water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the fixed carbon is gasified to generate carbon monoxide and discharged;
[0026] When the fixed bed moves downward to the oxidation zone of the furnace cavity, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the fixed carbon completely reacts to generate carbon dioxide; at the same time, the remaining ash in the lump coal is heated and melted by the high-temperature flue gas into a liquid state and discharged from the slag discharge channel.
[0027] Furthermore, the lump coal gasification method further includes: providing a cooling medium to the pyrolysis zone in the furnace cavity to cool the pyrolysis zone through the cooling medium to limit the decomposition of tar substances
[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
[0029] The lump coal fixed bed gasifier of the present invention is provided with a pre-combustion chamber on the furnace body, and oxygen is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber through an oxygen pipe, so that the pulverized coal in the pre-combustion chamber can undergo over-oxygen combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas can be sent into the oxidation zone in the furnace cavity as an oxidant through a ventilation pipe. The oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas quickly burns fully with the fixed carbon in the lump coal, and the combustion temperature is close to 2000°C. The remaining ash of the lump coal is heated and melted into a liquid state, which can be well discharged from the slag discharge channel, effectively preventing uneven reaction of the lump coal and blockage of the bottom discharge port, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment. At the same time, the organic matter in the waste liquid can be thermally decomposed, thereby achieving the purpose of waste liquid treatment.
[0030] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become apparent from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] In the drawings which are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar components in different views. The same reference numerals with letter suffixes or different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example and not limitation, and are used together with the description and the claims to explain the disclosed embodiments. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and are not intended to be an exhaustive or exclusive embodiment of the device or method.
[0032] Figure 1 It is the front view of the lump coal gasifier equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 This is the main cross-sectional view of the lump coal gasification furnace equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 3 This is the structural schematic diagram of the annular frame according to the embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 4 This is the flow chart of the lump coal gasification method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] In the figure: 1, furnace body; 2, refractory layer; 3, first refractory brick layer; 4, pre-combustion chamber; 5, feeding pipe; 6, oxygen pipe; 7, ventilation pipe; 8, second refractory brick layer; 9, slag discharge channel; 10, annular frame; 11, temperature adjustment hole; 12, gas adding pipe; 13, feeding channel; 14, exhaust channel; 15, water-cooled cavity; 16, combustion ring; 17, waste liquid pipe; 18, combustion chamber; 19, furnace cavity; 20, drying area; 21, pyrolysis area; 22, reduction area; 23, oxidation area. Detailed implementation manners
[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.
[0038] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this term cover the elements or objects listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0039] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a lump coal gasification furnace equipment with a pre-combustion chamber, and the lump coal gasification furnace equipment includes a furnace body 1, a pre-combustion chamber 4 and a ventilation pipe 7.
[0040] The furnace body 1 has a furnace chamber 19, a feeding channel 13, an exhaust channel 14, and a slag discharge channel 9 that are respectively in communication with the furnace chamber 19. The feeding channel 13 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, the slag discharge channel 9 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the exhaust channel 14 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body 1. Lump coal can be added into the furnace chamber 19 through the feeding channel 13 to form a fixed layer of lump coal. The syngas formed after the gasification of the lump coal is discharged through the exhaust channel 14, and the un-gasified lump coal is heated and melted and then discharged as a liquid from the slag discharge channel 9.
[0041] Inside the furnace chamber 19, from top to bottom, there are a drying zone 20, a pyrolysis zone 21, a reduction zone 22, and an oxidation zone 23. Different reactions occur in each zone, and a refractory layer 2 is provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 19.
[0042] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the pre-combustion chamber 4 of this embodiment is arranged on the furnace body 1. A combustion chamber 18 is provided inside the pre-combustion chamber 4, and pulverized coal is burned inside the combustion chamber 18. An oxygen pipe 6, a waste liquid pipe 17, and a feeding pipe 5 that are in communication with the combustion chamber 18 are provided on the pre-combustion chamber 4.
[0043] A ventilation pipe 7 is arranged on the furnace body 1. One end of the ventilation pipe 7 is in communication with the combustion chamber 18, and the other end is in communication with the oxidation zone 23 inside the furnace chamber 19. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of pulverized coal in the combustion chamber 18 can be discharged into the oxidation zone 23 through the ventilation pipe 7.
[0044] When gasifying the fixed layer of lump coal, combustibles such as pulverized coal are added into the combustion chamber 18 through the feeding pipe 5, and at the same time, oxygen is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber 4 through the oxygen pipe 6 to burn the pulverized coal in the combustion chamber 18. Among them, over-oxygen combustion is adopted inside the combustion chamber 18, so that high-temperature flue gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen is generated inside the combustion chamber 18. The high-temperature flue gas is used as an oxidant and discharged into the furnace chamber 19 through the ventilation pipe 7 to heat the lump coal and react with the fixed carbon in the lump coal. In addition, while adding pulverized coal and oxygen to the combustion chamber 18, waste liquid is also introduced into the combustion chamber 18 through the waste liquid pipe 17.
[0045] The fixed-bed gasifier for lump coal of this embodiment is provided with a pre-combustion chamber 4 on the furnace body 1, and oxygen is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber 4 through the oxygen pipe 6, so that the high-temperature flue gas in the pre-combustion chamber 4 is sent into the oxidation zone 23 inside the furnace chamber 19 as an oxidant. The oxygen in the flue gas quickly and fully burns with the fixed carbon in the lump coal, and the combustion temperature is close to 2000 °C. The remaining ash of the lump coal is heated and melted into a liquid state, which can be well discharged from the slag discharge channel 9, effectively preventing uneven reaction of the lump coal and blockage of the bottom discharge port, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the gasification equipment. At the same time, the organic matter in the waste liquid can be decomposed at high temperature, thus achieving the purpose of waste liquid treatment.
[0046] In some embodiments, the pulverized coal for combustion in the combustion chamber 18 can be the small-sized crushed coal generated during the coal mining process, and the crushed coal can be ground into pulverized coal for use, which can avoid fuel waste. At the same time, the waste water injected into the combustion chamber 18 can be the waste liquid generated in the process system, which can be sent into the combustion chamber 18 for high-temperature combustion decomposition to achieve harmless treatment of the waste liquid, having environmental protection advantages.
[0047] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, in some embodiments, the lump coal gasification furnace equipment further includes a plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11 and a cooling system (not shown in the figure).
[0048] The plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11 are respectively arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body 1 opposite to the pyrolysis zone 21 and are arranged around the pyrolysis zone 21. The temperature adjustment holes 11 are used to communicate the pyrolysis zone 21 with the outside.
[0049] The cooling system is respectively connected to the plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11 to provide a cooling medium into the pyrolysis zone 21 through the plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11, so as to rapidly cool the pyrolysis zone 21 to control the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 21 at a preset temperature (for example, below 600 °C), thereby preventing the tar-like substances generated by pyrolysis from decomposing due to too high temperature.
[0050] Preferably, the cooling medium discharged into the oxidation zone 23 in this embodiment can be liquid water, water vapor or carbon dioxide, so that it can act as an oxidant while cooling to improve the lump coal gasification efficiency.
[0051] Furthermore, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the cooling system includes an annular frame 10 and a cooling medium supply system. The annular frame 10 is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body 1 and is located in the area opposite to the pyrolysis zone 21. The annular frame 10 is located below the exhaust passage 14.
[0052] The annular frame 10 is arranged around the plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11 and is communicated with the pyrolysis zone 21 in the furnace cavity 19 through the plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11. An air inlet pipe 12 is provided on the annular frame 10. The cooling medium supply system is connected to the air inlet pipe 12 and sends the cooling medium into the annular frame 10 through the air inlet pipe 12, and the cooling medium then enters the furnace cavity 19 through the temperature adjustment holes 11.
[0053] By providing the annular frame 10 on the furnace body 1, redundant pipeline connections are eliminated, and it is convenient for the cooling medium in the annular frame 10 to uniformly enter the furnace cavity 19.
[0054] In some embodiments, the lump coal gasifier device further includes a first refractory brick layer 3 provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 19. The first refractory brick layer 3 is disposed near the bottom of the furnace chamber 19 and is in contact with the inner wall of the furnace chamber 19. The first refractory brick layer 3 forms a cylindrical oxidation zone 23 at the center near the bottom of the furnace chamber 19.
[0055] The diameter of the oxidation zone 23 is smaller than the diameters of the drying zone 20, the pyrolysis zone 21, and the reduction zone 22 respectively. In this way, the high-temperature flue gas entering the oxidation zone 23 can flow upward from the center of the bottom of the furnace chamber 19, preventing erosion of the wall refractory layer 2.
[0056] The first refractory brick layer 3 in this embodiment adopts a relatively thick refractory brick structure, which can protect the external furnace shell from high temperature, resist slag erosion and scouring for a long time, play an adiabatic and heat-insulating role to prevent slag condensation, and at the same time, as a heat storage body, it can provide sufficient heat source for liquid slag discharge to ensure good fluidity of the slag.
[0057] In some embodiments, the lump coal gasifier device further includes a second refractory brick layer 8 provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 19. The second refractory brick layer 8 is located below the first refractory brick layer 3 and is in contact with the inner wall of the furnace chamber 19.
[0058] The second refractory brick layer 8 forms a slag discharge channel 9, and the slag discharge channel 9 adopts a vertical slag discharge design. In this way, the liquid slag of the lump coal can smoothly discharge from the bottom of the furnace chamber 19 by its own gravity, thereby reducing the risk of slag blockage.
[0059] Due to the relatively high temperature of the liquid slag, in some embodiments, a water-cooling cavity 15 is provided inside the second refractory brick layer 8, and circulating cooling water can be injected into the water-cooling cavity 15 to protect the second refractory brick layer 8 through the water-cooling cavity 15.
[0060] In some embodiments, the lump coal gasifier device further includes a combustion ring 16 located below the second refractory brick layer 8. The combustion ring 16 is arranged around the slag discharge channel 9, which can heat the slag discharge channel 9 and further heat the liquid slag in the slag discharge channel 9 to ensure that the liquid slag can smoothly flow out of the slag discharge channel 9.
[0061] Preferably, the combustion ring 16 in this embodiment adopts an over-oxygen combustion design. In this way, the slag discharge channel 9 adopts a vertical slag discharge design and is accompanied by the combustion ring 16 for heat tracing, and the temperature in the slag discharge channel 9 can be controlled above a preset temperature (1300 °C), so as to ensure that the liquid slag can smoothly discharge from the bottom by its own gravity and reduce the risk of slag blockage.
[0062] The pre-combustion chamber 4 in this embodiment is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body 1 opposite to the oxidation zone 23, and it can be an integral structure with the furnace body 1.
[0063] The number of pre-combustion chambers 4 is multiple, and they are circumferentially distributed around the entire furnace body 1. The combustion chambers 18 in each pre-combustion chamber 4 are respectively communicated with the furnace chamber 19, so as to ensure that the high-temperature flue gas in the pre-combustion chamber 4 can uniformly enter the oxidation zone 23.
[0064] As Figure 1 shown, the combustion chamber 18 of this embodiment extends obliquely upward. The relatively lower end of the combustion chamber 18 is communicated with the ventilation pipe 7, the feeding pipe 5 is communicated with the relatively higher end of the combustion chamber 18, and the oxygen pipe 6 and the waste liquid pipe 17 are respectively arranged on the feeding pipe 5.
[0065] As Figure 4 shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a lump coal gasification method for a lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber based on any one of the above embodiments. The lump coal gasification method includes the following processes:
[0066] Step S100: Put lump coal into the furnace chamber 19 through the feeding channel 13 to form a fixed bed layer;
[0067] Step S200: Introduce oxygen and pulverized coal into the combustion chamber 18, and carry out over-oxygen combustion on the combustibles in the combustion chamber 18 to generate high-temperature flue gas containing at least carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen; and at the same time, introduce waste liquid into the combustion chamber 18 through the waste liquid pipe 17, so that the organic matter in the waste liquid undergoes high-temperature decomposition;
[0068] Step S300: The high-temperature flue gas is discharged into the oxidation zone 23 through the ventilation pipe 7, so that the high-temperature flue gas moves upward through the fixed bed layer, gasifies the lump coal in the fixed bed layer, and discharges the synthesized gas generated by gasification through the exhaust channel 14.
[0069] In step 200, the small-particle-size crushed coal generated during the coal mining process can be ground into pulverized coal and then added into the combustion chamber 18 through the feeding pipe 5 for combustion, so as to avoid waste of fuel.
[0070] At the same time, some waste liquid generated in the process system can also be injected into the combustion chamber 18 through the waste liquid pipe 17 for combustion, so that the organic matter in the waste liquid decomposes at high temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of waste liquid treatment.
[0071] In step 200, the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber 4 can be controlled above 1300 °C, and the combustion time of the combustion chamber 18 should be greater than 1 s, so as to ensure that the pulverized coal can be fully burned.
[0072] In step 300, the gasification of the lump coal in the fixed bed layer includes:
[0073] When high-temperature flue gas enters the furnace cavity 19 and flows upward, the lump coal located above the fixed bed absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to evaporate the moisture therein and thermally decompose the volatile components;
[0074] Since high-temperature flue gas continuously enters the furnace cavity 19 to gasify the fixed bed of lump coal, the fixed bed of lump coal moves downward as a result;
[0075] When the fixed bed moves downward to the reduction zone 22 of the furnace cavity 19, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with carbon dioxide and water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the fixed carbon is gasified to produce carbon monoxide and discharged through the exhaust passage 14;
[0076] When the fixed bed moves downward to the oxidation zone 23 of the furnace cavity 19, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas and burns, so that the fixed carbon completely reacts to produce carbon dioxide; wherein, the combustion temperature is 1800 - 2000 °C. As the temperature in the furnace cavity 19 gradually rises, the remaining ash in the lump coal is heated and melted into a liquid state by the high-temperature flue gas and discharged from the slag discharge passage 9.
[0077] The lump coal gasification method of this embodiment further includes step 400, wherein step 400: providing a cooling medium to the pyrolysis zone in the furnace cavity 19 to cool down the pyrolysis zone through the cooling medium, so as to limit the decomposition of tar-like substances. Specifically, when the syngas formed by lump coal gasification is discharged from the exhaust passage 14, the cooling medium is added to the annular frame 10 through the gas addition pipe 12, and the cooling medium passes through a plurality of temperature adjustment holes 11 and enters the pyrolysis zone 21 for quenching. By changing the flow rate of the cooling medium, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 21 is controlled below 600 °C, thereby preventing the tar-like substances generated by pyrolysis from decomposing due to excessive temperature. The cooling medium can adopt liquid water, water vapor or carbon dioxide, which can also be used as an oxidant to improve the lump coal gasification efficiency while cooling down.
[0078] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present invention within the essence and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent replacements should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber, which comprises a furnace body having a furnace cavity, and an oxidation zone is provided in the furnace cavity; characterized in that, The described lump coal gasifier equipment further includes: A pre-combustion chamber, which is arranged on the furnace body. A combustion chamber is provided in the pre-combustion chamber, and pulverized coal is burned in the combustion chamber. An oxygen pipe, a waste liquid pipe and a feeding pipe communicating with the combustion chamber are respectively arranged on the pre-combustion chamber; A ventilation pipe, which is arranged on the furnace body. One end of the ventilation pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the other end of the ventilation pipe is communicated with the oxidation zone.
2. The block coal gasification furnace equipment with a pre-combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pyrolysis zone is further provided in the furnace chamber. The lump coal fixed bed gasifier further includes: A plurality of temperature adjustment holes, which are respectively arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body opposite to the pyrolysis zone and are arranged around the pyrolysis zone; A cooling system, which is respectively connected with the plurality of temperature adjustment holes to provide a cooling medium into the pyrolysis zone through the plurality of temperature adjustment holes.
3. The device of a lump coal gasifier with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling system includes: An annular frame, which is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body and is communicated with the pyrolysis zone through the plurality of temperature adjustment holes. An air adding pipe is arranged on the annular frame; A cooling medium supply system, which is connected with the air adding pipe to provide a cooling medium into the annular frame through the air adding pipe.
4. A lump coal gasifier device with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the furnace body opposite to the oxidation zone. The combustion chamber extends obliquely upward. The first end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the ventilation pipe; the second end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the feeding pipe, and the oxygen pipe and the waste liquid pipe are respectively arranged on the feeding pipe.
5. A lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lump coal fixed bed gasifier further includes a first refractory brick layer arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber. The first refractory brick layer is located at the bottom of the furnace chamber and fits with the inner peripheral wall of the furnace chamber. The first refractory brick layer encloses the oxidation zone, and the ventilation pipe is arranged in the first refractory brick layer.
6. The block coal gasification furnace equipment with a pre-combustion chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that, A slag discharge channel communicated with the furnace chamber is arranged on the furnace body. The lump coal fixed bed gasifier further includes a second refractory brick layer arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber. The second refractory brick layer is located below the first refractory brick layer. The second refractory brick layer encloses the slag discharge channel, and a water cooling cavity is arranged inside the second refractory brick layer.
7. A lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lump coal fixed bed gasifier further includes a combustion ring located below the second refractory brick layer. The combustion ring surrounds the slag discharge channel and is used for continuously heating the remaining ash of the lump coal.
8. A lump coal gasification method for a lump coal gasification furnace device with a pre-combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Including: Putting lump coal into the furnace chamber to form a fixed bed layer; Introducing oxygen and pulverized coal into the combustion chamber and carrying out over-oxygen combustion on the pulverized coal in the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature flue gas containing at least carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen; and at the same time, introducing waste liquid into the combustion chamber through the waste liquid pipe to enable the organic matter in the waste liquid to carry out high-temperature decomposition; The high-temperature flue gas is discharged into the oxidation zone through the ventilation pipe, so that the high-temperature flue gas moves upward through the fixed bed layer, enabling the lump coal in the fixed bed layer to be gasified, and discharging the synthesized gas generated by gasification through the exhaust channel.
9. The lump coal gasification method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The enabling the lump coal in the fixed bed layer to be gasified includes: The lump coal located in the upper part of the fixed bed layer absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to evaporate the moisture in it and thermally decompose the volatile components; When the fixed bed layer moves downward to the reduction zone of the furnace chamber, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with carbon dioxide and water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas, enabling the fixed carbon to be gasified to generate carbon monoxide and discharged; When the fixed bed moves downward to the oxidation zone of the furnace cavity, the fixed carbon in the lump coal reacts with the oxygen in the high-temperature flue gas to completely react the fixed carbon to generate carbon dioxide; meanwhile, the remaining ash in the lump coal is heated and melted by the high-temperature flue gas to become liquid and is discharged from the slag discharge channel.
10. The lump coal gasification method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lump coal gasification method further includes: providing a cooling medium to the pyrolysis zone in the furnace cavity to cool down the pyrolysis zone through the cooling medium to limit the decomposition of tar substances.