Combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts and machining method of combined machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical part machining, and discloses a combined machine tool for mechanical part machining and a machining method of the combined machine tool. Comprising a combined machine tool body, a multi-axis moving stand column connected into the combined machine tool body, a multi-station machining table connected to the front side of the multi-axis moving stand column, a tool changing tool frame connected to one side of the multi-axis moving stand column, a tool mounting column connected to the multi-axis moving stand column and a replaceable tool mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column. The pair of symmetrical detection rods are arranged on the outer side of the tool mounting column and the outer side of the replaceable tool, the laser range finder is matched, the abrasion condition of the tool can be rapidly evaluated after the tool is machined, the gear ring is rotated through the driving piece, then the detection rods are driven to rotate, and rapid detection of the abrasion state of the tool is achieved in the process. According to the method, batch defective products caused by the fact that tool abrasion is not found in time can be effectively avoided, consistency and stability of product quality can be guaranteed, and meanwhile the overall efficiency and economic benefits of a production line are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, and particularly to a combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts and a machining method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the transformation trend of the manufacturing industry towards high efficiency and precision, multi-station combined machine tools, through the intensive design of processes, use the rotation of the turntable to accurately align the parts on each station with the corresponding tool spindles. These spindles seamlessly cooperate with the tool magazine and the automatic tool change technology according to system instructions, enabling rapid and accurate tool changes, and ensuring that the spindles accurately move above the corresponding stations after each tool change. This machine tool integrates various machining functions such as drilling and milling on a single turntable platform. With the help of an advanced numerical control system and an automatic tool change mechanism, the workpiece can complete the entire machining process with only one clamping, greatly improving production efficiency and machining accuracy.

[0003] For example, a vertical-horizontal compound multi-station combined machine tool disclosed in the patent with the patent publication number CN103921118A includes: a base, a hydraulic rotary table and a turntable extension disk installed on the base, a cooling and chip removal system, a lubrication system, a hydraulic press and an electrical system connected to the hydraulic rotary table.

[0004] Although the above device solves the problem of clamping and positioning errors, there are still the following defects: during the use of the tool, wear is inevitable. The current operation method is to stop the machine for inspection after the tool has run for a period of time, but this cannot monitor the wear condition of the tool in real time during the machining process, often resulting in quality problems being discovered only after the parts are machined, and unable to meet the quality requirements. This lag not only affects production efficiency but may also lead to batch waste products, increasing production costs and resource waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts and a machining method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background art and be able to quickly detect the wear degree of the tool.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts, including a combined machine tool body, a multi-axis moving column connected inside the combined machine tool body, a multi-station processing table connected to the front side of the multi-axis moving column, a tool changing tool holder connected to one side of the multi-axis moving column, a tool mounting column connected to the multi-axis moving column, and a replaceable tool mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column. A fixing ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tool mounting column. A toothed ring is rotatably connected to the outside of the fixing ring. The bottom surface of the toothed ring is connected with two symmetrically arranged detection rods. Laser rangefinders are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the two detection rods. The two laser rangefinders are connected to the control system of the combined machine tool body. The toothed ring is coaxial with the replaceable tool. The two laser rangefinders are symmetrically arranged outside the replaceable tool. An installation shell is fixedly installed on the outside of the tool mounting column, and a driving member is connected inside the installation shell.

[0007] Further, the driving member includes a motor. The motor is fixedly installed on the top surface of the inner wall of the installation shell. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected with a gear, and the gear is meshed with the toothed ring.

[0008] Further, a lifting component is connected below the toothed ring. The lifting component includes a supporting ring. The supporting ring is located at the bottom surface of the two detection rods. One side of the outer wall of the supporting ring is fixedly connected with a side block. The outer wall of the tool mounting column is fixedly connected with a mounting frame. A multi-stage electric push rod is fixedly arranged inside the mounting frame. The output end of the multi-stage electric push rod is fixedly connected with the side block. The top of the detection rod is T-shaped. A stepped groove is formed on the toothed ring, and the detection rod is located in the stepped groove and is slidably connected with it.

[0009] Further, a cleaning component is connected to the supporting ring. The cleaning component includes a plurality of nozzles, which are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the supporting ring and are inclined. The outer wall of the supporting ring is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe. The top of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped pipe. The middle end of the connecting pipe is a telescopic pipe. The top of the arc-shaped pipe is fixedly connected with an external connecting pipe. The end of the external connecting pipe is externally connected with high-pressure coolant. The external connecting pipe is connected to the arc-shaped pipe, the connecting pipe, the telescopic pipe, the supporting ring and the plurality of nozzles through an externally connected high-pressure coolant device.

[0010] Further, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped pipe, and the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column.

[0011] Further, an annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring, and a slider fixedly connected to the inner wall of the toothed ring is slidably connected in the annular groove.

[0012] Further, two baffle plates for blocking the laser rangefinders are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing ring, and the two baffle plates are symmetrically arranged.

[0013] A processing method based on the above combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts includes the following steps: S1: When the combined machine tool body is working, the replaceable tool rotates around its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column. The tool mounting column is driven by a multi-axis moving column and a control system to perform multi-axis movement, and perform all-round machining operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station machining table; S2: When the replaceable tool needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column drives the tool mounting column to rise and approach the tool changer tool rack. During the movement, the motor starts, drives the gear and the toothed ring to rotate and engage, drives the two detection rods to rotate, and makes the two laser rangefinders rotate and detect around the axis of the non-replaced replaceable tool, and the detected data can be fed back to the control system of the combined machine tool body; S3: Before the detection rod rotates for detection, the multi-stage electric push rod starts first, pushes the side block and the supporting ring to move down simultaneously. The detection rod loses the support of the supporting ring and slides down in the step groove under the gravity support. When the multi-stage electric push rod descends to the set position, the detection rod just descends to both sides of the replaceable tool. At this time, the motor starts, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear to rotate. The gear meshes with the toothed ring and drives the two detection rods on the toothed ring to rotate. The two detection rods rotate around the replaceable tool, and the laser rangefinder performs circular detection on the replaceable tool; S4: During the descent of the supporting ring, the nozzle on the supporting ring descends simultaneously. Under the extension of the telescopic tube, the supporting ring descends smoothly. The external device starts and sprays high-pressure coolant to clean the iron filings on the outside of the replaceable tool before detection, ensuring the accuracy during subsequent detection; S5: After the detection rod rotates and detects, the motor stops rotating, the toothed ring stops rotating, and the detection rod stops. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod acts to drive the supporting ring to rise. The supporting ring is just located below the detection rod. As the supporting ring rises, it gradually abuts against the bottom surface of the detection rod, causing the detection rod to slide up in the step groove. The motor exposes the replaceable tool, completing one detection action.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts is provided with a pair of symmetric detection rods on the outside of the tool mounting column and the replaceable tool, and in cooperation with a laser rangefinder, it can quickly evaluate the wear condition of the tool after machining. By using a driving member to rotate the toothed ring, and then driving the detection rod to rotate, this process realizes the rapid detection of the tool wear state. This method can effectively avoid the generation of batch defective products caused by the failure to detect tool wear in time, helps to ensure the consistency and stability of product quality, and at the same time improves the overall efficiency and economic benefits of the production line.

[0015] This combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts realizes the lifting of the detection rod within the gear ring through the mutual cooperation of multi-stage electric push rods, supporting rings, stepped grooves, and side blocks. At the same time, it ensures the rotation of the detection rod to achieve detection. It can not only enable the smooth rotation of the detection rod but also make the detection rod rise. The risen detection rod will not hinder the normal operation of the tool and the free tool change. At the same time, the risen detection rod is at a relatively high position, which can also play a certain protective role for the laser rangefinder.

[0016] This combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts realizes the prior cleaning of the iron filings on the outer side of the replaceable tool before detection through the mutual cooperation of the nozzle and multiple pipelines, ensuring the accuracy during subsequent detection. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the overall combined machine tool body of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the multi-axis moving column and multi-station processing table of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tool mounting column, replaceable tool, and gear ring of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tool mounting column, gear ring, and detection rod of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the gear ring and gear of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the detection rod, laser rangefinder, and supporting ring of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional sectional structural schematic diagram of the local state of the gear ring of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Combined machine tool body; 2. Multi-axis moving column; 3. Tool change tool holder; 4. Tool mounting column; 5. Multi-station processing table; 6. Detection rod; 7. Replaceable tool; 8. Gear ring; 9. Installation shell; 10. Arc-shaped pipe; 11. Laser rangefinder; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. Supporting ring; 14. Nozzle; 15. Side block; 16. Multi-stage electric push rod; 17. Baffle; 18. Installation frame; 19. Telescopic pipe; 20. Motor; 21. Gear; 22. Fixed ring; 23. Fixed frame; 25. Stepped groove; 27. Annular groove; 28. Slide block; 29. Outer connecting pipe. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1-7, A combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts, comprising a combined machine tool body 1, a multi-axis moving column 2 connected inside the combined machine tool body 1, a multi-station processing table 5 connected to the front side of the multi-axis moving column 2, a tool changing tool holder 3 connected to one side of the multi-axis moving column 2, a tool mounting column 4 connected to the multi-axis moving column 2, and a replaceable tool 7 mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column 4. A fixed ring 22 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tool mounting column 4. A toothed ring 8 is rotatably connected to the outside of the fixed ring 22. Two symmetrically arranged detection rods 6 are connected to the bottom surface of the toothed ring 8. Laser rangefinders 11 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the two detection rods 6. The two laser rangefinders 11 are connected to the control system of the combined machine tool body 1. The toothed ring 8 is coaxial with the replaceable tool 7. The two laser rangefinders 11 are symmetrically arranged outside the replaceable tool 7. An installation shell 9 is fixedly installed on the outside of the tool mounting column 4, and a driving member is connected inside the installation shell 9.

[0021] In the combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts in the present invention, when the combined machine tool body 1 is working, the replaceable tool 7 rotates around its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column 4. The tool mounting column 4 is moved in multiple axes by the multi-axis moving column 2 and the control system to perform all-round machining operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station processing table 5; When the replaceable tool 7 needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column 2 drives the tool mounting column 4 to rise and approach the tool changing tool holder 3. During the movement, the driving member is activated to drive the gear 21 to rotate and engage with the toothed ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 to rotate, so that the two laser rangefinders 11 rotate and detect around the axis of the un-replaced replaceable tool 7, and the detected data can be fed back to the control system of the combined machine tool body 1; If the detected data is different from the preset value and reaches a certain threshold, the staff can be reminded by means such as alarm to replace or repair the tool; By arranging a pair of symmetric detection rods 6 on the outside of the tool mounting column 4 and the replaceable tool 7 and cooperating with the laser rangefinders 11, the wear condition of the tool can be quickly evaluated after tool machining. The driving member rotates the toothed ring 8, thereby driving the detection rods 6 to rotate. This process realizes the rapid detection of the tool wear state. This method can effectively avoid the generation of batch defective products caused by the failure to detect tool wear in time, help ensure the consistency and stability of product quality, and improve the overall efficiency and economic benefits of the production line at the same time.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the driving member includes a motor 20. The motor 20 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the inner wall of the installation shell 9. The output end of the motor 20 is fixedly connected to a gear 21, and the gear 21 is meshed with the toothed ring 8.

[0023] Specifically, when it is necessary to detect the rotation of the detection rod 6, the motor 20 can be started. The output shaft of the motor drives the gear 21 to rotate. The gear 21 meshes with the toothed ring 8 to rotate. When the toothed ring 8 rotates, it drives the two detection rods 6 to rotate and perform a surrounding detection around the replaceable tool 7.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a lifting assembly is connected below the toothed ring 8. The lifting assembly includes a supporting ring 13. The supporting ring 13 is located at the bottom surfaces of the two detection rods 6. One side of the outer wall of the supporting ring 13 is fixedly connected with a side block 15. The outer wall of the tool mounting column 4 is fixedly connected with a mounting frame 18. A multi-stage electric push rod 16 is fixedly arranged in the mounting frame 18. The output end of the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is fixedly connected with the side block 15. The top of the detection rod 6 is arranged in a T shape. A stepped groove 25 is formed on the toothed ring 8. The detection rod 6 is located in the stepped groove 25 and is slidably connected thereto.

[0025] Specifically, when the replaceable tool 7 is working for drilling and boring, etc., the detection rod 6 is pulled by the supporting ring 13 and is in an ascending state, that is, the two detection rods 6 are respectively attached to the outer wall of the tool mounting column 4, and the supporting ring 13 supports the two detection rods 6 close to the bottom surface of the toothed ring 8. Such a setting can ensure that the replaceable tool 7 will not be hindered by the detection rod 6 during work and ensure the machining of mechanical parts by the replaceable tool 7; When it is necessary to detect with the detection rod 6, that is, during the process of the tool mounting column 4 rising and moving close to the tool changer tool rack 3, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 acts, and its output shaft pushes the side block 15 and the supporting ring 13 to descend. After the supporting ring 13 descends, the detection rod 6 will slide down in the stepped groove 25 under the action of its own gravity, so that the laser rangefinder 11 on the inner wall of the detection rod 6 just faces the outside of the replaceable tool 7. There will be a certain gap between the position of the supporting ring 13 after descending and the bottom surface of the detection rod 6 to prevent friction between the detection rod 6 and the supporting ring 13 when the detection rod 6 rotates; When the supporting ring 13 descends to the set position, the motor 20 rotates, driving the gear 21 to mesh with the toothed ring 8, realizing the surrounding detection of the replaceable tool 7 by the detection rod 6 and the laser rangefinder 11.

[0026] It should be noted that the supporting ring 13 descending to the set position means that the extended distance of the multi-stage electric push rod 16 can be preset through the control system of the combined machine tool body. Since the length of the detection rod 6 is fixed and the sliding distance of the toothed ring 8 is also fixed, the extended distance of the multi-stage electric push rod 16 can be greater than the sliding distance of the detection rod 6 from the toothed ring 8, so as to prevent friction between the detection rod 6 and the supporting ring 13 when the detection rod 6 rotates.

[0027] Through the mutual cooperation of the multi-stage electric push rod 16, the supporting ring 13, the stepped groove 25 and the side block 15, the lifting of the detection rod 6 inside the toothed ring 8 is realized, which can ensure that the replaceable tool 7 will not be hindered by the detection rod 6 during operation, guarantee the machining of mechanical parts by the replaceable tool 7, and the lifted detection rod 6 is at a relatively high position, which can also play a certain protective role for the laser rangefinder 11.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a cleaning assembly is connected to the supporting ring 13. The cleaning assembly includes a plurality of nozzles 14, which are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the supporting ring 13 and are inclined. The outer wall of the supporting ring 13 is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 12. The top of the connecting pipe 12 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped pipe 10. The middle end of the connecting pipe 12 is provided with a telescopic pipe 19. The top of the arc-shaped pipe 10 is fixedly connected with an external connecting pipe 29. The end of the external connecting pipe 29 is externally connected to high-pressure coolant, and the external connecting pipe 29 is connected to the arc-shaped pipe 10, the connecting pipe 12, the telescopic pipe 19, the supporting ring 13 and a plurality of nozzles 14 through an externally connected high-pressure coolant device.

[0029] Specifically, during the descent of the supporting ring 13, the nozzles 14 on the supporting ring 13 also descend. Under the extension of the telescopic pipe 19, the supporting ring 13 drives a plurality of nozzles 14 to descend smoothly. At this time, the external device is started to spray high-pressure coolant to clean the iron filings on the outside of the replaceable tool 7 before detection, ensuring the accuracy during subsequent detection; In practical applications, the externally connected high-pressure coolant can also be replaced by a high-voltage generator, that is, the high-pressure gas can also be sprayed from the external connecting pipe 29, aiming to blow and clean the outside of the replaceable tool 7.

[0030] Through the mutual cooperation of the nozzles 14 and a plurality of pipes, the iron filings on the outside of the replaceable tool 7 before detection are cleaned first, ensuring the accuracy during subsequent detection.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a fixing frame 23 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped pipe 10, and the fixing frame 23 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column 4. The function of the fixing frame 23 is to stably install the arc-shaped pipe 10.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an annular groove 27 is formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring 22, and a slider 28 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the toothed ring 8 is slidably connected in the annular groove 27.

[0033] Specifically, when the toothed ring 8 rotates under the meshing of the gear 21, the slider 28 on the inner wall of the toothed ring 8 will rotate in the annular groove 27 on the outer wall of the fixing ring 22. This setting can facilitate the toothed ring 8 to drive the detection rod 6 to rotate smoothly.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, two baffles 17 for blocking the laser rangefinder 11 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring 22, and the two baffles 17 are symmetrically arranged. When the laser rangefinder 11 rises, it can be blocked by the two baffles 17, which can strengthen the protection of the lens of the laser rangefinder 11 when the replaceable tool 7 is working.

[0035] A machining method for a combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts based on the above, comprising the following steps: S1: When the combined machine tool body 1 is working, the replaceable tool 7 rotates around its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column 4, and the tool mounting column 4 is multi-axially moved by the multi-axis moving column 2 and the control system to perform all-round machining operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station machining table 5; S2: When the replaceable tool 7 needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column 2 drives the tool mounting column 4 to rise and approach the tool changer 3. During the movement, the motor 20 is started, driving the gear 21 to rotate and engage with the toothed ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 to rotate, so that the two laser rangefinders 11 rotate and detect around the axis of the non-replaced replaceable tool 7, and the detected data can be fed back to the control system of the combined machine tool body 1; S3: Before the detection rod 6 rotates and detects, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is started first, pushing the side block 15 and the supporting ring 13 to move and descend simultaneously, driving the supporting ring 13 to descend. The detection rod 6 loses the support of the supporting ring 13 and slides down in the step groove 25 under the action of gravity. When the multi-stage electric push rod 16 descends to the set position, the detection rod 6 just descends to both sides of the replaceable tool 7. At this time, the motor 20 is started, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear 21 to rotate. The gear 21 meshes with the toothed ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 located on the toothed ring 8 to rotate. The two detection rods 6 rotate around the replaceable tool 7, so that the laser rangefinder 11 performs circular detection on the replaceable tool 7; S4: During the descent of the supporting ring 13, the nozzle 14 on the supporting ring 13 descends simultaneously. Under the extension of the telescopic tube 19, the supporting ring 13 descends smoothly. The external device is started to spray high-pressure coolant to clean the iron filings on the outside of the replaceable tool 7 before detection, ensuring the accuracy during subsequent detection; S5: After the detection rod 6 rotates and detects, the motor 20 stops rotating, the toothed ring 8 stops rotating, and the detection rod 6 stops. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 acts to drive the supporting ring 13 to rise. The supporting ring 13 is just located below the detection rod 6. As the supporting ring 13 rises, it gradually abuts against the bottom surface of the detection rod 6, causing the detection rod 6 to slide up in the step groove 25. The motor 20 exposes the replaceable tool 7 to complete a detection action.

[0036] In the above structure, the high-pressure gas generator, high-pressure coolant, motor 20, multi-stage electric push rod 16, etc. of the external device are all existing mature technologies. The nozzle 14 can spray gas or liquid, aiming to clean the iron filings outside the tool and ensure the accuracy of detection.

[0037] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts, comprising a combined machine tool body (1), a multi-axis moving column (2) connected inside the combined machine tool body (1), a multi-station processing table (5) connected to the front side of the multi-axis moving column (2), a tool changing tool rack (3) connected to one side of the multi-axis moving column (2), a tool mounting column (4) connected to the multi-axis moving column (2), and a replaceable tool (7) mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column (4), characterized in that, A fixing ring (22) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tool mounting column (4). A toothed ring (8) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the fixing ring (22). Two symmetrically arranged detection rods (6) are connected to the bottom surface of the toothed ring (8). Laser rangefinders (11) are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the two detection rods (6). The two laser rangefinders (11) are connected to the control system of the combined machine tool body (1). The toothed ring (8) is coaxial with the replaceable tool (7). The two laser rangefinders (11) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the replaceable tool (7). An installation shell (9) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the tool mounting column (4), and a driving member is connected inside the installation shell (9).

2. The combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 1, wherein, The driving member includes a motor (20). The motor (20) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the inner wall of the installation shell (9). The output end of the motor (20) is fixedly connected with a gear (21). The gear (21) is meshed with the toothed ring (8).

3. The combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, A lifting assembly is connected below the toothed ring (8). The lifting assembly includes a supporting ring (13). The supporting ring (13) is located at the bottom surface of the two detection rods (6). One side of the outer wall of the supporting ring (13) is fixedly connected with a side block (15). The outer wall of the tool mounting column (4) is fixedly connected with a mounting frame (18). A multi-stage electric push rod (16) is fixedly installed in the mounting frame (18). The output end of the multi-stage electric push rod (16) is fixedly connected with the side block (15). The top of the detection rod (6) is T-shaped. A step groove (25) is formed on the toothed ring (8). The detection rod (6) is located in the step groove (25) and is slidably connected with it.

4. A combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, A cleaning assembly is connected to the supporting ring (13). The cleaning assembly includes a plurality of spray nozzles (14). The plurality of spray nozzles are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the supporting ring (13) and are inclined. A connecting pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the supporting ring (13). The top of the connecting pipe (12) is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped pipe (10). The middle end of the connecting pipe (12) is provided with a telescopic pipe (19). The top of the arc-shaped pipe (10) is fixedly connected with an external connecting pipe (29). The end of the external connecting pipe (29) is externally connected with high-pressure coolant. The external connecting pipe (29) is communicated with the arc-shaped pipe (10), the connecting pipe (12), the telescopic pipe (19), the supporting ring (13) and the plurality of spray nozzles (14) through an externally connected high-pressure coolant device.

5. The combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fixing frame (23) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped pipe (10). The fixing frame (23) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column (4).

6. The combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 5, characterized in that An annular groove (27) is formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring (22). A slider (28) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the toothed ring (8) is slidably connected in the annular groove (27).

7. The combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two baffle plates (17) for shielding the laser rangefinders (11) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing ring (22). The two baffle plates (17) are symmetrically arranged.

8. A processing method for a combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to any one of the above claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: When the combined machine tool body (1) is working, the replaceable tool (7) rotates around its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column (4). The tool mounting column (4) moves in multiple axes under the control of the multi-axis moving column (2) and the control system to perform all-round machining operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station machining table (5). S2: When the replaceable tool (7) needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column (2) drives the tool mounting column (4) to rise and approach the tool changer (3). During the movement, the motor (20) starts, drives the gear (21) to rotate and mesh with the toothed ring (8), drives the two detection rods (6) to rotate, so that the two laser rangefinders (11) rotate and detect around the axis of the non-replaced replaceable tool (7), and the detected data can be fed back to the control system of the combined machine tool body (1). S3: Before the detection rod (6) rotates for detection, the multi-stage electric push rod (16) starts first, pushes the side block (15) and the supporting ring (13) to move down simultaneously, drives the side block (15) and the supporting ring (13) to move simultaneously, drives the supporting ring (13) to descend. The detection rod (6) loses the support of the supporting ring (13) and slides down under the action of gravity in the step groove (25). When the multi-stage electric push rod (16) descends to the set position, the detection rod (6) just descends to both sides of the replaceable tool (7). At this time, the motor (20) starts, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear (21) to rotate. The gear (21) meshes with the toothed ring (8), drives the two detection rods (6) located on the toothed ring (8) to rotate, and the two detection rods (6) rotate around the replaceable tool (7) to make the laser rangefinder (11) perform circular detection on the replaceable tool (7). S4: During the descent of the supporting ring (13), the spray head (14) on the supporting ring (13) descends simultaneously. Under the extension of the telescopic tube (19), the supporting ring (13) descends smoothly. The external device starts and sprays high-pressure coolant to clean the iron filings on the outside of the replaceable tool (7) before detection to ensure the accuracy of subsequent detection. S5: After the detection rod (6) rotates and detects, the motor (20) stops rotating, the toothed ring (8) stops rotating, and the detection rod (6) stops. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod (16) acts, drives the supporting ring (13) to rise, and the supporting ring (13) is just located below the detection rod (6). As the supporting ring (13) rises, it gradually abuts against the bottom surface of the detection rod (6), so that the detection rod (6) slides up in the step groove (25), and the motor (20) exposes the replaceable tool (7) to complete a detection action.

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