Nuclear fusion device and monitoring system and installation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion devices, and discloses a nuclear fusion device and a monitoring system and an installation method thereof, the monitoring system comprises a cold shield main body, the cold shield main body is of an annular rotation structure, and the cold shield main body is arranged in a cavity and wraps the circumferential outer side of a vacuum chamber; the cold shield main body comprises a plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield sections which are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield sections are encircled to form the cold shield main body; the distance measuring assembly is arranged on the cold shield main body, the distance measuring assembly comprises a plurality of groups of distance measuring sensors which are arranged in the circumferential direction of the cold shield main body at intervals, and each group of distance measuring sensors comprises a plurality of distance measuring sensors; the distance measuring sensor is used for detecting the size of a gap between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil and the size of a gap between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber. Therefore, the cold shield main body can be assisted to be assembled at a position in the nuclear fusion device, and the matching position of the cold shield main body, the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil can be monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion devices, and in particular to a nuclear fusion device, its monitoring system, and installation method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in a nuclear fusion device, the gap between the vacuum chamber and the toroidal field coil is small (e.g., within 100 mm), and a cold shield body is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the toroidal field coil. The cold shield body is used to reduce the thermal load applied by high-temperature components to the low-temperature superconducting magnet (such as the magnet part in the toroidal field coil), so that the cold shield body needs to maintain a clearance fit with the vacuum chamber and the toroidal field coil, that is, the cold shield body cannot come into contact with the vacuum chamber or the toroidal field coil, resulting in the cold shield body requiring high assembly accuracy in the nuclear fusion device.

[0003] At the same time, when the nuclear fusion device is operating, the temperature of the vacuum chamber rises, causing structural expansion, and the temperature of the cold shield body and the toroidal field coil drops, resulting in dimensional contraction. This causes the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber and the gap size between the cold shield body and the toroidal field coil to change during the operation of the nuclear fusion device. If the cold shield body comes into contact with the vacuum chamber or the toroidal field coil, a large amount of conductive heat will surge at the contact position, causing the cold shield body to fail and affecting the overall operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0004] In related technologies, during the assembly process of the cold shield body, the position correction is usually carried out by measuring with positioning blocks, resulting in the need for multiple adjustments in the assembly process of the cold shield body, low assembly efficiency of the cold shield body, and easy occurrence of large assembly errors. At the same time, it is impossible to monitor the cooperation state between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber or the toroidal field coil during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, posing certain potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, an object of the present application is to provide a monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device. The cold shield monitoring system is used to detect the gap sizes between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber and between the cold shield body and the toroidal field coil, so as to assist in the position adjustment of the cold shield body between the toroidal field coil and the vacuum chamber and monitor the operating state of the nuclear fusion device, improving the operating reliability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0006] Monitoring system of a nuclear fusion device according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application. In the nuclear fusion device, there are toroidal field coils and a vacuum chamber. The toroidal field coils surround to form a ring-shaped cavity, and the vacuum chamber is placed inside the cavity. The monitoring system includes: a cold shield body, which has an annular rotating structure and is arranged inside the cavity and wraps around the circumferential outer side of the vacuum chamber. The cold shield body includes multiple sets of sector-shaped cold shield segments arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and the multiple sets of sector-shaped cold shield segments surround to form the cold shield body; a distance measuring assembly, which is arranged on the cold shield body. The distance measuring assembly includes multiple sets of distance sensors arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body. Each set of the distance sensors includes multiple distance sensors, and at least one set of the distance sensors is arranged on each sector-shaped cold shield segment. Each set of the distance sensors is arranged around the vacuum chamber in the circumferential direction of the sector-shaped cold shield segment. The distance sensors are used to detect the gap size between the cold shield body and the toroidal field coils and the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber. Among them, in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body, any two adjacent sets of the distance sensors are arranged at intervals.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold shield body, the multiple distance sensors in the same set of the distance sensors are arranged collinearly in the radial direction of the cold shield body.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold shield body, the included angle between the arrangement directions of any two adjacent sets of the distance sensors is the same.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the circumferential projection of the cold shield body, the central angle of each sector-shaped cold shield segment is α, and the included angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent sets of the distance sensors is β, and the relationship formula is satisfied: α = N×β; where N is a positive integer.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the cold shield body includes eight sets of the sector-shaped cold shield segments, the central angle α of each sector-shaped cold shield segment is 45°, and two sets of the distance sensors are arranged on each sector-shaped cold shield segment, and the included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent sets of the distance sensors is 22.5°; or, the cold shield body includes sixteen sets of the sector-shaped cold shield segments, the central angle α of each sector-shaped cold shield segment is 22.5°, and two sets of the distance sensors are arranged on each sector-shaped cold shield segment, and the included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent sets of the distance sensors is 22.5°.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, each group of the sector cold shield segments includes a vertically extending segment, an upper arc segment, a middle arc segment, and a lower arc segment that are sequentially connected end to end, so that the cross-section of the sector cold shield segment is in a D shape; wherein, a plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided in the vertically extending segment, and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors are arranged near the connection between the vertically extending segment and the upper arc segment and the connection between the vertically extending segment and the lower arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided in the upper arc segment, and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors are arranged near both ends of the upper arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided in the lower arc segment, and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors are arranged near both ends of the lower arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided in the middle arc segment, and the plurality of distance measuring sensors are respectively arranged at a plurality of equally divided points in the extending direction of the middle arc segment.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages: (1) The monitoring system can detect the gap sizes between the cold shield main body and the vacuum chamber and between the cold shield main body and the longitudinal field coil through the distance measuring assembly, so that the optimal installation gap of the cold shield main body can be obtained by computer fitting based on the above-mentioned size gap detection results. Furthermore, the installation position of the cold shield main body can be adjusted, the installation accuracy of the cold shield main body can be improved, and the cold shield main body can be arranged at the optimal installation gap.

[0013] (2) During the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the gap sizes between the cold shield main body and the vacuum chamber and between the cold shield main body and the longitudinal field coil can be monitored in real time through the monitoring system to prevent the cold shield main body from contacting the vacuum chamber or the longitudinal field coil, avoid the failure of the cold shield main body, and thus improve the reliability, stability, and safety during the operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0014] The nuclear fusion device according to the second aspect embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned monitoring system.

[0015] The advantages of the nuclear fusion device and the above-mentioned monitoring system compared with the prior art are the same and will not be elaborated here.

[0016] Installation method of a nuclear fusion device according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present application. The installation method is applied to the above-mentioned monitoring system, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the pre-installed hall and determine the position of the vacuum chamber segment; Step 2: Install the sector-shaped cold screen segment outside the vacuum chamber segment of the vacuum chamber; Step 3: Monitor in real time the first gap value between the sector-shaped cold screen segment arranged in a D shape and the vacuum chamber segment in the circumferential direction, and keep the first gap value not less than the first safety gap value during the installation process; Step 4: Install the longitudinal field coil outside the sector-shaped cold screen segment, and monitor in real time the second gap value between the sector-shaped cold screen segment and the longitudinal field coil in the circumferential direction, and keep the second gap value not less than the second safety gap value during the installation process; Step 5: Position and fit the vacuum chamber segment, the sector-shaped cold screen segment and the longitudinal field coil, and respectively connect multiple sector-shaped cold screen segments into a ring to form a cold screen main body, and connect multiple vacuum chamber segments into a ring to form a vacuum chamber; Step 6: Lower and fix the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil; Step 7: Detect the third gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber and the fourth gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil in the circumferential direction. According to the computer-aided design simulation analysis of the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the relative displacement amounts between the longitudinal field coil, the vacuum chamber and the cold screen main body are obtained, and the first optimal installation gap distribution between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil and the second optimal installation gap distribution between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber are fitted, adjust the position of the cold screen main body, and lower and fix the cold screen main body; wherein, in Step 5 and Step 6, the monitoring system monitors in real time the gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber and the gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method further includes Step 8: Monitor in real time the fifth gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil and the sixth gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, and when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds the safety threshold range, give a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap warning, and display the accurate position and the gap value.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the size of the first optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 40 mm, and the size of the second optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 30 mm; and / or, the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

[0019] The advantages of the installation method and the above-mentioned monitoring system compared with the prior art are the same and will not be elaborated here again.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a combined sectional view of the longitudinal field coil, vacuum chamber and monitoring system in a nuclear fusion device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a sector-shaped cold shield section according to an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a sector-shaped cold shield section according to an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 5 is an installation method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Reference Signs: Monitoring system 100; longitudinal field coil 200; cavity 201; vacuum chamber 300; Cold shield main body 1; sector-shaped cold shield section 11; vertically extending section 111; upper arc section 112; middle arc section 113; lower arc section 114; distance measuring assembly 2; distance measuring sensor 21. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0023] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0024] Reference will be made below to Figures 1-5 Describe the monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application, where the cold shield position monitoring device is applied to a nuclear fusion device. The nuclear fusion device includes a longitudinal field coil 200 and a vacuum chamber 300. The longitudinal field coil 200 surrounds and forms a ring-shaped cavity 201, and the vacuum chamber 300 is arranged in the cavity 201, and the position of the vacuum chamber 300 relative to the longitudinal field coil 200 is fixed.

[0025] The monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application includes a cold screen main body 1 and a ranging component 2. The cold screen main body 1 has an annular rotating structure, and is disposed in a cavity 201 formed by a longitudinal field coil 200 and is located outside the circumferential direction of a vacuum chamber 300, so as to reduce the thermal load applied by high-temperature components to a low-temperature superconducting magnet (such as the longitudinal field coil 200, etc.) under the operating state of the main machine of the nuclear fusion device through the cold screen main body 1, thereby ensuring that the superconducting magnet can work normally and improving the operating stability, reliability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0026] In the nuclear fusion device, the longitudinal field coil 200 is arranged in a circular ring shape, and the cold screen main body 1 has an annular rotating structure. That is to say, the shape of the cold screen main body 1 is adapted to the shape of the cavity 201 defined by the longitudinal field coil 200. At the same time, the cold screen main body 1 includes a plurality of groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, so as to form the above-mentioned cold screen main body 1 by surrounding with the plurality of groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11.

[0027] It should be noted that in the nuclear fusion device, the cold screen main body 1 is arranged in the space range between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and is also located outside the vacuum chamber 300 and inside the longitudinal field coil 200 at the same time, and wraps the vacuum chamber 300 to isolate and arrange the vacuum chamber 300 and the magnet components in the longitudinal field coil 200. Among them, the cold screen main body 1 has the characteristics of large size, high strength and large resilience. Therefore, the cold screen main body 1 needs to be divided into multiple section structures (i.e., the above-mentioned "multiple groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11") for processing and forming and then assembled. And during the assembly process of the cold screen main body 1, the multiple groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 are assembled in sequence to form the cold screen main body 1, which can reduce the assembly difficulty of the cold screen main body 1 in the nuclear fusion device.

[0028] Furthermore, the ranging component 2 is arranged on the cold screen main body 1. The ranging component 2 includes a plurality of groups of ranging sensors 21 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cold screen main body 1. Each group of ranging sensors 21 includes a plurality of ranging sensors 21, and at least one group of ranging sensors 21 is arranged on each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11. Each group of ranging sensors 21 is arranged around the vacuum chamber 300 in the circumferential direction of the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11. The ranging sensors 21 are used to detect the gap size between the cold screen main body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 and the gap size between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300. Among them, in the circumferential direction of the cold screen main body 1, any two adjacent arranged groups of ranging sensors 21 are arranged at intervals.

[0029] Thus, in the monitoring system 100, the gap sizes between the sector cold screen section 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 and between the sector cold screen section 11 and the toroidal field coil 200 can be detected by the distance measuring sensor 21. Therefore, during the process of assembling the sector cold screen section 11 to form the cold screen main body 1, the installation position of the sector cold screen section 11 can be assisted in being corrected, which helps to improve the assembly accuracy of the cold screen main body 1, enhance the assembly efficiency, and can also monitor in real time the gap sizes between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 and between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, facilitating the prevention of contact between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 or the vacuum chamber 300, ensuring the function of the cold screen main body 1, and enhancing the operation reliability, stability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0030] It can be understood that during the assembly process of the cold screen main body 1, the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200 are fixedly arranged prior to the cold screen main body 1, and then the sector cold screen section 11 is fixedly arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200. Since at least one set of distance measuring sensors 21 is provided on each set of sector cold screen sections 11, after a set of sector cold screen sections 11 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200, the gap sizes between the sector cold screen section 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 and between the sector cold screen section 11 and the toroidal field coil 200 are detected by the distance measuring sensors 21 on this set of sector cold screen sections 11, so as to play a role in assisting the position correction of the sector cold screen section 11, which helps to improve the assembly accuracy of each set of sector cold screen sections 11, and thus a cold screen main body 1 with higher assembly accuracy can be obtained.

[0031] It should be noted that since the cold screen main body 1 is assembled by splicing multiple sets of sector cold screen sections 11, after the assembly of each set of sector cold screen sections 11 is completed, the assembly position of the sector cold screen section 11 can be detected and corrected by the distance measuring assembly 2, so as to adjust the assembly position of the sector cold screen section 11 when the assembly error of the sector cold screen section 11 is too large, ensuring the assembly accuracy of the cold screen main body 1. Among them, during the process of detecting the position of the sector cold screen section 11 by the distance measuring assembly 2, the detection data of the distance measuring sensors 21 on the multiple sets of sector cold screen sections 11 that have been assembled and fixed can be combined for judgment, which helps to improve the overall assembly accuracy of the cold screen main body 1.

[0032] At the same time, after the overall assembly of the cold screen main body 1 is completed, during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the gap sizes between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 can be monitored in real time by the distance measuring assembly 2, so as to prevent contact between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coil 200.

[0033] At present, in a nuclear fusion device, the gap between the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200 is small (e.g., within 100 mm), and a cold shield body 1 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200. The cold shield body 1 is used to reduce the thermal load exerted by high-temperature components on the low-temperature superconducting magnet (such as the magnet part in the toroidal field coil 200), so that the cold shield body 1 needs to maintain a clearance fit with the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200, that is, the cold shield body 1 cannot come into contact with the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coil 200, resulting in the cold shield body 1 requiring high assembly accuracy in the nuclear fusion device.

[0034] At the same time, when the nuclear fusion device is operating, the temperature of the vacuum chamber 300 rises, causing structural expansion, and the temperature of the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 drops, resulting in dimensional contraction. This causes the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 to change during the operation of the nuclear fusion device. If the cold shield body 1 comes into contact with the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coil 200, a large amount of conductive heat will surge at the contact position, causing the cold shield body 1 to fail and affecting the overall operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0035] In related technologies, during the assembly process of the cold shield body 1, the position correction is usually carried out by measuring with positioning blocks, resulting in the need for multiple adjustments in the assembly process of the cold shield body 1, making the assembly efficiency of the cold shield body slow and prone to large assembly errors. At the same time, it is impossible to monitor the cooperation state between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coil 200 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, posing certain potential safety hazards.

[0036] According to the monitoring system 100 of the nuclear fusion device in the embodiments of the present application, a ranging sensor 21 is provided on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 to detect the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and the toroidal field coil 200 through the ranging sensor 21, so as to assist in the position adjustment of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 during the assembly process, improve the assembly accuracy of the cold shield body 1 during the assembly process, and enhance the assembly efficiency. Moreover, the ranging component 2 can monitor the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 and the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 in the nuclear fusion device in the operating state in real time after the cold shield body 1 is assembled, so as to prevent the cold shield body 1 from coming into contact with the toroidal field coil 200 or the vacuum chamber 300 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, and improve the reliability, stability, and safety of the operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0037] It should be noted that a computer (not shown) is also provided in the monitoring system 100. The computer can be specifically configured as a computer, and the computer can communicate with multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 respectively to obtain the gap size parameters, and the computer can fit the position and attitude among the cold screen, the vacuum chamber 300, and the magnet based on the gap size parameters. Among them, the computer can be integrated into the control system of the nuclear fusion device.

[0038] Combined Figure 1 with Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold screen main body 1, multiple ranging sensors 21 in the same group of ranging sensors 21 are arranged collinearly in the radial direction of the cold screen main body 1, so that multiple sensors in the same group of ranging sensors 21 are arranged coplanarly. The distances between the sector cold screen section 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 and between the sector cold screen section 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are detected by the coplanarly arranged multiple ranging sensors 21, which is convenient for the subsequent computer to fit the position and attitude among the cold screen main body 1, the longitudinal field coil 200, and the vacuum chamber 300.

[0039] It can be understood that when multiple ranging sensors 21 in the same group are arranged coplanarly and the plane is the radial direction of the cold screen main body 1, it is convenient to detect the gap sizes between the sector cold screen section 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 and between the sector cold screen section 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 in the radial direction of the cold screen main body 1 by the ranging sensors 21.

[0040] Combined Figure 1 with Figure 2 As shown, the vertical cross-section of each group of sector cold screen sections 11 is configured in a ring shape and arranged around the vacuum chamber 300, and multiple ranging sensors 21 in the same group arranged on the sector cold screen section 11 are also arranged around the circumferential outside of the vacuum chamber 300.

[0041] Among them, the inner wall surface of the sector cold screen section 11 is arranged opposite to the outer wall surface of the vacuum chamber 300, so that the vertical distance between the inner wall surface of the sector cold screen section 11 and the outer wall surface of the vacuum chamber 300 in the relative direction can be detected by the ranging sensors 21; the outer wall surface of the sector cold screen section 11 is arranged opposite to the inner wall surface of the longitudinal field coil 200, so that the vertical distance between the outer wall surface of the sector cold screen section 11 and the inner wall surface of the longitudinal field coil 200 in the relative direction can be detected by the ranging sensors 21. Thus, the computer can fit the position and attitude of the cold screen main body 1, the vacuum chamber 300, and the longitudinal field coil 200 based on the gap size parameters detected by multiple ranging sensors 21 to assist in adjusting the installation position of the sector cold screen section 11.

[0042] In a further embodiment of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold screen body 1, the included angle between the arrangement directions of any two adjacent sets of ranging sensors 21 is the same, so that multiple sets of ranging sensors 21 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference in the cold screen body 1, so as to fully detect the gaps between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold screen body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and it is convenient to subsequently perform computer simulation calculations to fit the positional postures between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, the longitudinal field coil 200, as well as the optimal installation position of the cold screen body 1.

[0043] It can be understood that since multiple sets of ranging sensors 21 are provided in the cold screen body 1, and the multiple sets of ranging sensors 21 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the cold screen body 1, the multiple sets of ranging sensors 21 can divide the cold screen body 1 into multiple detection regions, so as to be able to more fully detect the gap sizes between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold screen body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, which is convenient for improving the installation accuracy of the sector cold screen segment 11 and enhancing the real-time monitoring effect of the monitoring system 100 on the position of the cold screen body 1 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0044] It should be noted that in the cold screen body 1, the shapes of each group of sector cold screen segments 11 are the same, and the arrangement positions of the ranging sensors 21 on each group of sector cold screen segments 11 are also the same. During the assembly process of the cold screen body 1, the installation position of the sector cold screen segment 11 can be adjusted based on the gap size parameters detected by the ranging sensors 21 provided on each group of sector cold screen segments 11, so as to improve the assembly accuracy of each group of sector cold screen segments 11.

[0045] Furthermore, during the assembly process of each group of sector cold screen segments 11, it is preferably to keep the gap size parameters detected by the ranging sensors 21 at the same arrangement positions in the multiple groups of sector cold screen segments 11 the same, so as to control the installation error of the sector cold screen segment 11 within the error range allowed by the optimal installation gap (such as: 1 mm, 2 mm, etc.), so as to improve the assembly accuracy of the sector cold screen segment 11.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, in the circumferential projection of the cold screen body 1, the central angle of each group of sector cold screen segments 11 is α, and the included angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent sets of ranging sensors 21 is β, and the relationship formula is satisfied: α = N×β. Wherein, N is a positive integer, that is to say, N can be 1, 2, 3, etc.

[0047] It can be understood that the cold screen body 1 is jointly composed of multiple groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11. When the central angle α corresponding to each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is an integer multiple of the included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent ranging sensors 21 arranged on the cold screen body 1, it is convenient to arrange each group of ranging sensors 21 on the same group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, so that multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 can be evenly distributed on the cold screen body 1, and each group of ranging sensors 21 can be arranged in a position area suitable for avoiding the connection position of two groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, ensuring the assembly reliability of the ranging sensors 21 and the sector-shaped cold screen segments 11.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the cold screen body 1 includes eight groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, the central angle α of each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is 45°, and two groups of ranging sensors 21 are provided on each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, and the included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent arranged ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°.

[0049] Refer to Figure 3 As shown, the central angle α corresponding to the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 is 45°, and two groups of ranging sensors 21 are provided on this group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, and the included angle β between the arrangement directions of the two groups of ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°. When this group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is connected and matched with another group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, the included angle between a group of ranging sensors 21 on this group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 and a group of adjacent arranged ranging sensors 21 on another group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 in the arrangement direction is also 22.5°. Among them, Figure 3 The two dotted lines shown in are respectively the arrangement directions of the two groups of ranging sensors 21 on the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11.

[0050] In another specific embodiment of the present application, the cold screen body 1 includes sixteen groups of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, the central angle α of each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is 22.5°, and two groups of ranging sensors 21 are provided on each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, and the included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent arranged ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°.

[0051] Refer to Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 Two groups of connected and matched sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 are shown. The central angle α corresponding to each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is 22.5°, and a group of ranging sensors 21 is provided on each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11, and the arrangement positions of each group of ranging sensors 21 on each group of sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 are the same. The included angle β between the arrangement directions of the two groups of ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°, that is, the included angle between the two groups of ranging sensors 21 on any two adjacent arranged sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 is 22.5°. Among them, Figure 4The two dot-dash lines shown in FIG. 1 are the arrangement directions of the two groups of distance measuring sensors 21 on the two groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 .

[0052] It should be noted that the monitoring system 100 of the present application is applied to a nuclear fusion device. Due to the complex structure of the nuclear fusion device, the installation period is long, usually up to 2 to 3 years, and due to the large volume of the cold shield main body 1, it needs to be divided into multiple groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 for assembly.

[0053] It is understandable that after assembling multiple sets of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11, they can together form a larger and fan-shaped cold shield structure segment, until a complete closed-loop cold shield body 1 is formed by multiple sets of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when the central angle of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 in the cold shield body 1 is 22.5°, the central angle of the sector-shaped cold shield structure formed by assembling two groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 will increase to 45°. Therefore, in this application, the central angle of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 can be designed to be 22.5°, 45°, etc. according to the assembly and production requirements of the cold shield body 1.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, a hollow structure is provided on the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11, and the hollow structure is provided along the wall thickness direction of the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11. The hollow structure can be used to arrange other components or allow other components to pass through. The above-mentioned "other components" may include but are not limited to wiring harnesses, etc.

[0055] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a further embodiment of the present application, each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is constructed as an axisymmetric structure.

[0056] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the central angle corresponding to each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 22.5°, and a group of distance measuring sensors 21 on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are arranged near the symmetry line.

[0057] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 includes a vertical extension segment 111, an upper arc segment 112, a middle arc segment 113 and a lower arc segment 114 connected in sequence end to end, so that the cross-section of the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11 is D-shaped.

[0058] Reference Figure 1, in some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided on the vertical extension section 111, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided near the connection of the vertical extension section 111 and the upper arc section 112, and near the connection of the vertical extension section 111 and the lower arc section 114.

[0059] It should be noted that in the cold screen body 1, the size of each group of sector cold screen segments 11 in the vertical direction (which is also the axial direction of the cold screen body 1) is not less than 6m, and the size of each group of sector cold screen segments 11 in the radial direction of the cold screen body 1 is not less than 4m. Thus, the size of each group of sector cold screen segments 11 is relatively large. During the assembly process of the cold screen body 1, after multiple panels are spliced to form a group of sector cold screen segments 11, multiple groups of sector cold screen segments 11 can be assembled to form the cold screen body 1.

[0060] Among them, each section structure of the above multi-section structure (i.e., the vertical extension section 111, the upper arc section 112, the middle arc section 113, and the lower arc section 114) can be spliced and formed by one or more panels, and no specific limitation is made here. Thus, by respectively providing a plurality of ranging sensors 21 on the vertical extension section 111, the upper arc section 112, the middle arc section 113, and the lower arc section 114, the gap size between each section structure and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 can be fully detected, and the splicing accuracy of multiple panels can be checked based on the detection results of the plurality of ranging sensors 21 in the same group.

[0061] Refer to Figure 1 , in some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided on the upper arc section 112, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided near both ends of the upper arc section 112.

[0062] Refer to Figure 1 , in some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided on the lower arc section 114, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided near both ends of the lower arc section 114.

[0063] Refer to Figure 1 , in some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided on the middle arc section 113, and the plurality of ranging sensors 21 are respectively provided at a plurality of equally divided points in the extending direction of the middle arc section 113.

[0064] It can be understood that in the sector-shaped cold screen section 11, the ranging sensors 21 are arranged on the multi-section structure constituting the sector-shaped cold screen section 11, and the ranging sensors 21 are arranged near the end positions of each section structure (such as the vertical extension section 111, the upper arc section 112, and the lower arc section 114, etc.), so as to arrange the ranging sensors 21 in the corner area position of the sector-shaped cold screen section 11, so as to improve the detection effect of the gap size at the position where the sector-shaped cold screen section 11 protrudes towards the longitudinal field side.

[0065] Furthermore, at the middle arc section 113 with a larger radian, multiple ranging sensors 21 can be respectively arranged at multiple equal division points of the middle arc section 113, so as to arrange the multiple ranging sensors 21 evenly, while ensuring the detection effect of the gap size at the middle arc section 113 and reducing the number of ranging sensors 21 arranged on the middle arc section 113.

[0066] It should be noted that in the sector-shaped cold screen section 11, the arrangement positions of the ranging sensors 21 can be designed according to the extension direction, curvature, length dimension, etc. of the multi-section structure (i.e., the vertical extension section 111, the upper arc section 112, the middle arc section 113, and the lower arc section 114) in the sector-shaped cold screen section 11, so as to arrange the multiple ranging sensors 21 at positions matching the contour of the sector-shaped cold screen section 11 respectively, so as to facilitate subsequent computer fitting of the position postures among the cold screen, the vacuum chamber 300, and the magnet.

[0067] In the monitoring system 100 of the present application, each ranging sensor 21 can be configured as one of an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, and a radar sensor.

[0068] In the cold screen main body 1, the gap sizes on both sides of the cold screen main body 1 in the inner and outer directions (i.e., the gap size between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the gap size between the cold screen main body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200) can be detected by the same ranging sensor 21, and the gap sizes on both sides of the cold screen main body 1 in the inner and outer directions can also be respectively detected by two ranging sensors 21 at the same position.

[0069] The nuclear fusion device according to the embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned monitoring system 100.

[0070] The advantages of the nuclear fusion device compared with the prior art are the same as those of the above-mentioned monitoring system 100, and will not be elaborated here.

[0071] The installation method of the nuclear fusion device according to the embodiment of the present application is applied to the above-mentioned monitoring system 100, and the installation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-assemble the hall and determine the position of the vacuum chamber segment; Step 2: Install the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 outside the vacuum chamber segment of the vacuum chamber 300; Step 3: Real-time monitor the first gap value between the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 arranged in a D shape and the vacuum chamber segment in the circumferential direction, and keep the first gap value not less than the first safety gap value during the installation process; Step 4: Install the toroidal field coil 200 outside the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11, and real-time monitor the second gap value between the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 and the toroidal field coil 200 in the circumferential direction, and keep the second gap value not less than the second safety gap value during the installation process; Step 5: Sleeve-position the vacuum chamber segment, the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 and the toroidal field coil 200, and respectively connect multiple sector-shaped cold screen segments 11 in a ring to form a cold screen main body 1, and connect multiple vacuum chamber segments in a ring to form a vacuum chamber 300; Step 6: Lower and fix the vacuum chamber segment and the toroidal field coil 200; Step 7: Detect the third gap value between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the fourth gap value between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 in the circumferential direction. According to the computer-aided design simulation analysis of the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the relative displacement amounts of the toroidal field coil 200, the vacuum chamber 300 and the cold screen main body 1 are obtained, and the first optimal installation gap between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200 and the second optimal installation gap between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 are fitted. Adjust the position of the cold screen main body 1 and lower and fix the cold screen main body 1.

[0072] Wherein, in Step 5 and the above-mentioned Step 6, the monitoring system 100 real-time monitors the gap value between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the gap value between the cold screen main body 1 and the toroidal field coil 200, so as to assist the installation of the cold screen main body 1 by real-time monitoring the gap value and avoid interference between the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the toroidal field coil 200 during the pre-installation process.

[0073] First, during the assembly process of the nuclear fusion device, it is necessary to pre-install the vacuum chamber segment, the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 and the toroidal field coil 200 in the pre-assembly hall.

[0074] During the pre-installation process, it is necessary to first determine the position of the vacuum chamber segment, then install the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 on the circumferential outer side of the vacuum chamber segment, and monitor the first gap value between the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 and the vacuum chamber segment through the distance measuring component 2 arranged on the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11. At the same time, during the process of installing the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 outside the vacuum chamber segment, it is necessary to keep the first gap value not less than the first safety gap value to prevent interference or contact between the sector-shaped cold screen segment 11 and the vacuum chamber segment and cause damage.

[0075] It should be noted that multiple groups of ranging sensors in the ranging component 2 can detect the gap sizes between multiple positions in the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 to obtain corresponding gap values (such as the first gap value, the second gap value, etc. mentioned above). Taking the first gap value as an example, each first gap value can correspond to a first safety gap value respectively, or multiple first gap values can correspond to the same first safety gap value simultaneously, which can be specifically designed according to the assembly requirements of the cold screen main body 1.

[0076] Further, after the sector cold screen section 11 is pre-installed relative to the sector of the vacuum chamber, the longitudinal field coil 200 is installed at the sector cold screen section 11, and the ranging component 2 is continuously monitored to obtain the second gap value. During the process of installing the longitudinal field coil 200 at the sector cold screen section 11, the second gap value needs to be kept not less than the second safety gap value to prevent interference or contact between the sector cold screen section 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200, which may cause damage.

[0077] Thus, the pre-installation of the sector cold screen section 11, the sector of the vacuum chamber, and the longitudinal field coil 200 is completed. At this time, the overall sector formed by sleeving the pre-installed sector of the vacuum chamber, the sector cold screen section 11, and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be hoisted and set at the position where the nuclear fusion device needs to be arranged (i.e., the device foundation pit), and multiple sector cold screen sections 11 are respectively connected in a ring, and multiple sectors of the vacuum chamber are connected in a ring. At this time, the cold screen main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 are arranged in a ring shape.

[0078] Secondly, the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are fixed in the device foundation pit, that is to say, the positions of the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 no longer change.

[0079] Further, the ranging component 2 is used to further detect and obtain the third gap value and the fourth gap value, and the relative displacement amounts between the longitudinal field coil 200, the vacuum chamber 300, and the cold screen main body 1 under the operating state of the nuclear fusion device are analyzed by combining computer simulation, such as: between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the cold screen main body 1, and between the vacuum chamber 300 and the cold screen main body 1, so as to obtain the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap of the cold screen main body 1 relative to the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300, and further adjust the position of the cold screen main body 1 according to the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap, and fix the cold screen main body 1 after adjustment.

[0080] Thus, the cold screen main body 1 is fixed relative to the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 that have been positioned and fixed, realizing the assembly of the vacuum chamber 300, the cold screen main body 1, and the longitudinal field coil 200, and the cold screen main body 1 can be arranged at the optimal installation position between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200, that is, the installation position that can simultaneously meet the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap.

[0081] Among them, both the above-mentioned "first optimal installation gap" and "second optimal installation gap" can be set as parameter ranges, and are not limited to a specific numerical parameter.

[0082] Thus, based on the detection of the installation position of the cold shield body 1 in the nuclear fusion device by the monitoring system 100, the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 between the toroidal field coils 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 is obtained, and the cold shield body 1 is adjusted to the corresponding optimal installation position, so as to obtain a nuclear fusion device with high operating reliability and good stability.

[0083] According to the installation method of the nuclear fusion device in the present application, first, the cold shield body 1 is arranged between the toroidal field coils 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 by pre-installation, and the monitoring system then obtains the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 between the toroidal field coils 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 through computer fitting based on this. Finally, the cold shield body 1 is adjusted to the optimal installation position to assist in completing the installation and calibration of the cold shield body 1, which can improve the installation accuracy of the cold shield body 1 and at the same time improve the cooperation reliability between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coils 200, thereby effectively preventing the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coils 200.

[0084] In a further embodiment of the present application, the installation method further includes step eight: real-time monitoring of the fifth gap value between the cold shield body and the toroidal field coils and the sixth gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, and when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds the safety threshold range, a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap warning are given.

[0085] Thus, it is possible to effectively prevent contact between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coils 200, and improve the operating reliability, stability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0086] It can be understood that step eight is carried out after the position of the cold shield body 1 is installed and fixed, and step eight is further triggered under the operating state of the nuclear fusion device to real-time monitor the cooperation position between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coils 200 through the monitoring system 100, so as to avoid contact between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the toroidal field coils 200.

[0087] It should be noted that during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the temperature rise of the vacuum chamber 300 will cause the structure of the vacuum chamber 300 to expand, and the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coils 200 will contract to a certain extent due to the temperature drop, resulting in changes in the gap values between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the toroidal field coils 200.

[0088] In the present application, through the above-mentioned step eight, the clearance value between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 can be monitored in real time, so as to give an alarm when the fifth clearance value and the sixth clearance value exceed the safety threshold range, preventing the cold screen body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present application, the size of the first optimal installation clearance is greater than or equal to 40 mm, and the size of the second optimal installation clearance is greater than or equal to 30 mm. When the installation positions of the cold screen body 1 relative to the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 meet the above parameter ranges, sufficient clearances can be reserved between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold screen body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, so as to prevent the cold screen body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, resulting in the failure of the cold screen body 1.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present application, the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

[0091] It can be understood that the safety threshold range is smaller than the first optimal installation clearance and the second optimal installation clearance to ensure the monitoring effect of the monitoring system 100 on the mating positions of the cold screen body 1 with the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0092] Compared with the existing technical solutions, the installation method according to the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages: (1) First, the cold screen body 1 is arranged between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 in a pre-installation manner, so as to obtain the first clearance value and the second clearance value through the monitoring system 100, and based on this, the optimal installation position of the cold screen body 1 between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 is obtained by computer fitting. Finally, the cold screen body 1 is adjusted to the optimal installation position to assist in completing the installation and adjustment of the cold screen body 1, which can improve the installation accuracy of the cold screen body 1 and at the same time improve the mating reliability between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold screen body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, thereby effectively preventing the cold screen body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0093] (2) After the cold screen body 1 is assembled in the nuclear fusion device, the mating positions between the cold screen body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold screen body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be further monitored in real time, and it has a clearance alarm function, thereby effectively avoiding the cold screen body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 and ensuring the thermal shielding effect of the cold screen body 1.

[0094] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0095] In the description of the present application, the "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of such features.

[0096] In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0097] In the description of the present application, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through additional features therebetween.

[0098] In the description of the present application, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0100] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, The nuclear fusion device includes a toroidal field coil and a vacuum vessel. The toroidal field coil surrounds to form a ring-shaped cavity, and the vacuum vessel is placed inside the cavity. The monitoring system includes: A cold shield body, which is in a ring-shaped rotating structure, and is arranged inside the cavity and wraps around the circumferential outer side of the vacuum vessel. The cold shield body includes multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and the multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments surround to form the cold shield body; A ranging component, which is arranged on the cold shield body. The ranging component includes multiple groups of ranging sensors arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body. Each group of the ranging sensors includes multiple ranging sensors, and at least one group of the ranging sensors is arranged on each sector-shaped cold shield segment. Each group of the ranging sensors is arranged around the vacuum vessel in the circumferential direction of the sector-shaped cold shield segment. The ranging sensors are used to detect the gap size between the cold shield body and the toroidal field coil and the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum vessel; Wherein, in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body, any two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors are arranged at intervals.

2. The monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the axial projection of the cold shield body, the multiple ranging sensors in the same group of the ranging sensors are arranged collinearly along the radial direction of the cold shield body.

3. The monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, wherein, In the axial projection of the cold shield body, the included angle between the arrangement directions of any two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is the same.

4. The monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the circumferential projection of the cold shield body, the central angle of each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments is α, and the included angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is β, and the relational expression is satisfied: α = N×β; Wherein, N is a positive integer.

5. The monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cold shield body includes eight groups of the sector-shaped cold shield segments, the central angle α of each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments is 45°, and two groups of the ranging sensors are arranged on each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments. The included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is 22.5°; Or, the cold shield body includes sixteen groups of the sector-shaped cold shield segments, the central angle α of each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments is 22.5°, and two groups of the ranging sensors are arranged on each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments. The included angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is 22.5°.

6. The monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments includes a vertically extending segment, an upper arc segment, a middle arc segment, and a lower arc segment connected end to end in sequence, so that the cross-section of the sector-shaped cold shield segment is in a D shape; wherein, Multiple ranging sensors are arranged in the vertically extending segment, and at least two of the multiple ranging sensors are arranged near the connection between the vertically extending segment and the upper arc segment and the connection between the vertically extending segment and the lower arc segment; And / or, multiple ranging sensors are arranged on the upper arc segment, and at least two of the multiple ranging sensors are arranged near both ends of the upper arc segment; And / or, a plurality of the ranging sensors are arranged on the lower arc segment, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors are arranged near both ends of the lower arc segment; And / or, a plurality of the ranging sensors are arranged on the middle arc segment, and the plurality of ranging sensors are respectively arranged at a plurality of equally divided points in the extending direction of the middle arc segment.

7. A nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, Comprising the monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A method for installing a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, The installation method is applied to the monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-6 above, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Pre-assemble the hall and determine the position of the vacuum chamber sector segment; Step 2: Install the sector cold screen segment outside the vacuum chamber sector segment of the vacuum chamber; Step 3: Real-time monitor the first gap value between the sector cold screen segment arranged in a D shape and the vacuum chamber sector segment in the circumferential direction, and keep the first gap value not less than the first safety gap value during the installation process; Step 4: Sheath the longitudinal field coil outside the sector cold screen segment, and real-time monitor the second gap value between the sector cold screen segment and the longitudinal field coil in the circumferential direction, and keep the second gap value not less than the second safety gap value during the installation process; Step 5: Position and sleeve the vacuum chamber sector segment, the sector cold screen segment and the longitudinal field coil, and respectively connect a plurality of the sector cold screen segments in a ring to form a cold screen main body, and connect a plurality of the vacuum chamber sector segments in a ring to form a vacuum chamber; Step 6: Position and fix the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil; Step 7: Detect the third gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber and the fourth gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil in the circumferential direction, and according to computer-aided design simulation, analyze the relative displacement amount between the longitudinal field coil, the vacuum chamber and the cold screen main body during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, fit to obtain the first optimal installation gap between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil and the second optimal installation gap between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber, adjust the position of the cold screen main body, and position and fix the cold screen main body; Wherein, in the fifth and sixth steps, the monitoring system real-time monitors the gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber and the gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil.

9. The installation method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further comprises Step 8: Real-time monitor the fifth gap value between the cold screen main body and the longitudinal field coil and the sixth gap value between the cold screen main body and the vacuum chamber during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, and when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds the safety threshold range, give a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap early warning.

10. The installation method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The size of the first optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 40 mm, and the size of the second optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 30 mm; And / or, the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

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