Railway roadbed engineering foundation treatment optimization design method based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology-based railroad bed engineering foundation treatment optimization design method, which comprises the following steps of S1, collecting geological data of railroad bed engineering, and establishing a three-dimensional terrain geological model; s2, establishing a roadbed foundation treatment structure BIM design preliminary model, and fusing to generate a roadbed foundation treatment structure BIM integrated preliminary model; s3, extracting a coupled foundation processing terrain and geologic structure BIM integrated three-dimensional checking and calculating model; s4, carrying out three-dimensional numerical simulation check analysis on the foundation treatment structure; s5, generating a foundation processing structure model after checking and correction; s6, further iteratively calculating and optimizing the geometric dimension of the structure on the basis of the foundation processing structure model subjected to check calculation and correction; and S7, generating an optimized foundation treatment BIM design model according to the optimized geometric dimension of the structure after iterative calculation. The problems that the complexity of geological conditions is difficult to comprehensively consider and the design effect is difficult to intuitively display and verify in the existing railway roadbed engineering foundation treatment design are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of railway roadbed engineering foundation treatment design, and specifically relates to a railway roadbed engineering foundation treatment optimization design method based on BIM technology. Background Art

[0002] The design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade projects is a critical step in railway construction, directly impacting line stability and operational safety. Existing technologies primarily rely on manual experience and two-dimensional drawings for plan development and analysis. During the design process, engineers typically select and optimize foundation treatment solutions based on geological survey reports, historical engineering cases, and their own experience. Design results are primarily presented in the form of two-dimensional plan drawings, cross-sections, and calculations, relying on manual analysis of geological conditions, selection of foundation treatment measures, and solution optimization.

[0003] However, existing foundation treatment design methods have many shortcomings. First, the design process is highly dependent on manual experience and is difficult to systematize and standardize, resulting in a long design cycle and low efficiency. Secondly, due to the limitations of two-dimensional drawings, it is difficult to fully and intuitively display the complexity of geological conditions, which leads to limitations in the design scheme when adapting to different geological environments, affecting the accuracy of treatment measures. In addition, traditional methods make it difficult to intuitively verify the design effect through digital means, resulting in difficulty in fully evaluating the rationality of foundation treatment measures, which may increase uncertainty in the construction process. Especially under complex geological conditions, such as special geological environments such as soft soil, karst, and permafrost, existing design methods are difficult to fully consider the interaction between different strata, affecting the quality of the project and long-term stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a railway subgrade engineering foundation treatment optimization design method based on BIM technology, aiming to solve the problems that the existing railway subgrade engineering foundation treatment design is difficult to fully consider the complexity of geological conditions and the design effects are difficult to intuitively display and verify.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology includes the following steps:

[0007] S1, collect geological data of railway subgrade engineering, including topographic, geological and hydrological information, and use 3D geological modeling software to build a 3D topographic and geological model;

[0008] S2, based on the three-dimensional topographic geological model, using the established typical design solution sample library and deep learning algorithm to carry out intelligent decision-making design, establish a preliminary BIM design model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure, and integrate and generate a preliminary BIM integrated model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure;

[0009] S3, extract the coupled foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated 3D verification model;

[0010] S4, importing the three-dimensional calculation model into three-dimensional simulation calculation software to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation analysis of the foundation treatment structure;

[0011] S5, based on the check and calculation results, modifying the foundation treatment measures and the structural geometric parameters, adjusting the model parameters, and generating a modified foundation treatment structure model;

[0012] S6, based on the verified and corrected foundation treatment structure model, further iterative calculation is performed to optimize the structural geometry to obtain the optimal structural geometry that meets the requirements of the specification;

[0013] S7, according to the structural geometric dimensions optimized by iterative calculation, adjust the model structural geometric dimension parameters and generate an optimized foundation treatment BIM design model.

[0014] Preferably, the terrain information in step S1 is obtained by oblique photography technology or three-dimensional scanning technology, and the geological and hydrological information is obtained by remote sensing interpretation, geological exploration, geotechnical testing, hydrological testing or geophysical exploration methods.

[0015] Preferably, the intelligent decision-making design carried out in step S2 using a typical design solution sample library and a deep learning algorithm is used to preliminarily select foundation treatment measures and structural geometric dimensions, and establish a preliminary model of the foundation treatment structure.

[0016] Preferably, the coupled foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated three-dimensional verification model in step S3 can dynamically reflect the topography, geology and roadbed design structure information of the roadbed foundation treatment, and meet the foundation treatment structure verification and analysis requirements.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the three-dimensional verification model is imported into three-dimensional simulation verification software, and a verification result that meets the specification requirements is obtained through three-dimensional numerical simulation verification analysis.

[0018] Preferably, the deep learning algorithm in step S2 adopts a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the intelligent decision-making design includes the following steps:

[0019] S21, discretizing the three-dimensional terrain geological model into grid units of a preset size;

[0020] S22, extracting the stratigraphic attribute parameters of each grid cell as input features;

[0021] S23, outputting recommended foundation treatment measure types and initial geometric parameters based on historical design solutions under similar geological conditions in the typical design solution sample library.

[0022] Preferably, the typical design solution sample library contains no less than 100 historical engineering cases, among which: soft soil geological cases account for ≥30%, karst geological cases account for ≥20%, and frozen soil geological cases account for ≥10%.

[0023] Preferably, the optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 is integrated with a visualization display module to achieve intuitive presentation and verification of the design solution.

[0024] Preferably, the optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 is integrated with the project management system to achieve real-time updating of design data and dynamic monitoring of project progress.

[0025] Preferably, the project management system integration module also includes an automatic alarm function. When it is detected that the design parameters deviate from the preset range or the project progress is abnormal, the system automatically generates early warning information and feeds it back to the project management personnel.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] This invention fully utilizes BIM technology to establish a realistic three-dimensional topographic and geological model of the railway subgrade construction site, build a sample library of typical design solutions, and introduce deep learning algorithms for intelligent decision-making and design. By integrating the design solution generated by intelligent decision-making with the BIM design structure model of the subgrade foundation treatment and importing it into three-dimensional simulation and verification software for dynamic integrated verification and analysis, it achieves intelligent, visual, and refined foundation treatment design, improving design accuracy and efficiency. Compared with traditional two-dimensional cross-sectional design methods, this invention uses BIM technology to construct a realistic three-dimensional topographic and geological model, and combines intelligent decision-making with simulation and verification analysis to more comprehensively consider the complexity of geological conditions, making the foundation treatment solution more accurate and reasonable. The three-dimensional visualization design method makes the display and verification of the solution more intuitive, reducing design errors caused by insufficient information expression. The dynamic integration of three-dimensional simulation and verification software enables the foundation treatment solution to undergo multiple rounds of optimization and iteration, thereby improving design accuracy and ensuring that the treatment measures meet regulatory requirements. In addition, the present invention adopts a phased dynamic design method, making the design solution not only technically feasible but also more economical. By combining intelligent decision-making with simulation calculations, the present invention significantly improves the design efficiency of foundation treatment for railway roadbed projects, reduces manual intervention, and improves the reliability and controllability of project implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is the implementation process of the railway subgrade foundation treatment design optimization method based on BIM technology of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the BIM model of the composite foundation of fill preloading + piles of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the present invention.

[0031] In addition, described feature, structure or characteristic can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.In the following description, many specific details are provided so as to provide a full understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the technical scheme of the present application can be put into practice without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps etc. can be adopted. In other cases, known methods, devices, implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid blurring the various aspects of the application.

[0032] See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1, collect geological data of railway subgrade engineering, including topographic, geological and hydrological information, and use 3D geological modeling software to build a 3D topographic geological model.

[0034] In this step, the geological data of the railway subgrade project includes the geological condition data of the railway construction area, among which the terrain information refers to the elevation, slope, undulation and other landform features along the railway line. The geological information involves the distribution of soil layers, lithological characteristics, fault structure, etc., while the hydrological information includes the depth of groundwater, flow direction, thickness of aquifers and other factors that affect the stability of the foundation. The terrain information is obtained through oblique photography technology or 3D scanning technology. Oblique photography technology obtains terrain images through multi-angle aerial photography and uses image processing technology to generate high-precision 3D terrain models, while 3D scanning technology uses laser scanning or structured light measurement to quickly obtain surface point cloud data to construct the real terrain morphology. Geological and hydrological information is obtained through remote sensing interpretation, geological exploration, geotechnical tests, hydrological tests or geophysical exploration methods. Remote sensing interpretation uses hyperspectral or radar remote sensing technology to analyze surface geological features. Geological exploration directly obtains information about underground soil and rock layers through drilling and test pits. Geotechnical testing determines the mechanical properties of soil, and hydrological testing analyzes groundwater levels and permeability. Geophysical exploration indirectly detects underground geological structures using electromagnetic waves, seismic waves, or gravity measurements. A three-dimensional topographic model created using 3D geological modeling software is a digital representation of this data, forming a three-dimensional spatial model that truly reflects the geological conditions at the work site and provides a foundation for subsequent optimized design.

[0035] S2, based on the three-dimensional terrain and geological model, uses the established typical design scheme sample library and deep learning algorithm to carry out intelligent decision-making design, establish a preliminary BIM design model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure, and integrate it to generate a preliminary BIM integrated model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure.

[0036] In this step, intelligent decision-making design, utilizing a sample library of typical design solutions and a deep learning algorithm, is used to preliminarily select foundation treatment measures and structural dimensions, and to establish a preliminary model of the foundation treatment structure. The sample library of typical design solutions contains multiple historical engineering cases and related design parameters, covering foundation treatment solutions under various geological conditions. The deep learning algorithm is trained on the sample library data and, by inputting the geological information of the current work site, automatically recommends matching foundation treatment solutions and structural dimensions, thereby reducing the uncertainty of manual decision-making and improving design efficiency. This intelligent decision-making method can quickly screen suitable foundation treatment measures and provide the foundational data for the subsequent BIM model development.

[0037] S3, extract the coupled foundation treatment terrain geological structure BIM integrated three-dimensional verification model.

[0038] In this step, the coupled foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated three-dimensional verification model can dynamically reflect the topography, geology and roadbed design structure information of the roadbed foundation treatment, meeting the verification and analysis needs of the foundation treatment structure. This model is a unified calculation model formed by integrating the design parameters of the foundation treatment structure on the basis of the three-dimensional topography and geological model, so that the topography, geology and structural information can be comprehensively analyzed on the same platform. The model can be updated in real time as the foundation treatment design is adjusted, ensuring that the applicability of the foundation treatment scheme can be accurately reflected at different design stages and meeting the needs of subsequent simulation analysis. The foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated three-dimensional verification model is based on the BIM integrated preliminary model established in step S2, and data extraction and format adjustment are carried out according to the verification needs to make it suitable for simulation verification and analysis. This model not only contains topography and geological information, but also contains foundation treatment structure design parameters, ensuring that the actual engineering conditions can be accurately reflected in the subsequent verification process.

[0039] S4, import the 3D verification model into the 3D simulation verification software to carry out 3D numerical simulation verification analysis of the foundation treatment structure.

[0040] In this step, the three-dimensional verification model is imported into the three-dimensional simulation verification software, and the verification results that meet the requirements of the specifications are obtained through three-dimensional numerical simulation verification analysis. The three-dimensional simulation verification software simulates the stress state, deformation characteristics and stability of the foundation treatment structure under different load conditions based on finite element analysis or other numerical calculation methods. Through this software, the adaptability of the foundation treatment solution during the construction and operation stages can be evaluated, and based on the simulation results, it can be judged whether it meets the design specification requirements, such as stability coefficient, settlement control standards, etc. If the verification results do not meet the specification requirements, it is necessary to adjust the foundation treatment design parameters and re-perform the simulation analysis until an optimized solution that meets the engineering standards is obtained.

[0041] S5, based on the check and calculation results, the foundation treatment measures and the structural geometric size parameters are corrected, the model parameters are adjusted, and a foundation treatment structure model that has been corrected after the check and calculation is generated.

[0042] In this step, the verification results reflect the suitability and optimization potential of the current foundation treatment design. If certain structural dimensions or treatment measures do not meet regulatory requirements, relevant parameters will be adjusted based on the verification feedback. These adjustments include key structural dimensions such as the foundation reinforcement range, pile diameter, and reinforcement layer thickness, as well as the optimization of the foundation treatment method. The resulting, verified and revised foundation treatment structural model meets the design requirements of the railway project and improves the safety and economic efficiency of the foundation treatment.

[0043] S6, based on the verified and corrected foundation treatment structure model, further iterative calculation is performed to optimize the structural geometric dimensions to obtain the optimal structural geometric dimensions that meet the requirements of the specification.

[0044] In this step, iterative calculation involves repeating numerical simulation analysis based on the revised model, continuously adjusting design parameters until the calculated results reach the optimal state. The optimization process may involve adjusting multiple variables such as pile length, pile spacing, fill height, and reinforcement layer thickness, so that the final solution not only meets engineering specifications but also optimizes material costs and construction difficulty.

[0045] S7, according to the structural geometric dimensions optimized by iterative calculation, adjust the model structural geometric dimension parameters and generate an optimized foundation treatment BIM design model.

[0046] During this step, the optimized BIM design model not only incorporates the optimized foundation treatment structural parameters but also retains all key calculation results for reference and review during construction. Ultimately, this model can be used for construction guidance during the project implementation phase and can also be integrated into the project management system to link with the construction progress, enhancing the intelligent management of railway subgrade construction.

[0047] Furthermore, the deep learning algorithm in step S2 uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The CNN is suitable for extracting the spatial characteristics of topographic geological models and can identify the distribution patterns of different geological units. The LSTM is suitable for processing the time series characteristics of geological data and can be used to analyze the evolution of different geological layers and improve the accuracy of foundation treatment solution recommendations.

[0048] In this embodiment, step S2, based on a 3D topographic and geological model, utilizes an established sample library of typical design solutions and a deep learning algorithm to conduct intelligent decision-making design. Specifically, the following steps are included: S21: discretizing the 3D topographic and geological model into grid cells of preset sizes. The purpose of discretization is to convert continuous geological spatial data into structured data that can be recognized and processed by the deep learning algorithm. The size of the grid cells is set based on the required accuracy of the foundation treatment, typically depending on the level of detail of the geological variations. S22: Extracting the stratigraphic attribute parameters of each grid cell as input features. Stratigraphic attribute parameters include, but are not limited to, soil thickness, moisture content, compression modulus, and shear strength. These parameters characterize the engineering properties of the stratum and provide basic data for intelligently recommending subsequent foundation treatment measures. S23: Based on historical design solutions under similar geological conditions in the sample library of typical design solutions, outputting the recommended foundation treatment measure type and initial geometric parameters. The deep learning algorithm automatically matches the applicable foundation treatment method by calculating the similarity between the stratigraphic parameters of the current work site and those of historical engineering cases in the sample library. It also provides preliminary structural dimension recommendations, such as pile length, pile diameter, and reinforcement layer thickness, to provide a reference for further optimization.

[0049] Furthermore, the typical design solution sample library includes no fewer than 100 historical engineering cases, of which soft soil geological cases account for ≥30%, karst geological cases account for ≥20%, and frozen soil geological cases account for ≥10%. The sample library is constructed based on foundation treatment data from existing railway projects and covers successful application cases in different geological environments, ensuring that the intelligent decision-making model has sufficient reference data and improving the reliability of recommended solutions. The high proportion of soft soil geological cases is due to the poor stability of roadbeds in soft soil areas, the diverse treatment measures, and the rich accumulated engineering experience. The proportion of karst geological cases is ≥20%, reflecting the complexity of foundation treatment in karst areas, such as the need to deal with special geological conditions such as caves, soil caves, and fault zones. The proportion of frozen soil geological cases is ≥10%, mainly targeting railway projects in high-altitude and cold regions, providing treatment experience for soil layers with different frost heave sensitivities and supporting foundation stability control in cold environments.

[0050] In this embodiment, the optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 is integrated with a visualization display module to achieve intuitive presentation and verification of the design scheme. The visualization display module uses three-dimensional modeling technology to enable the foundation treatment scheme to be intuitively presented in a virtual environment, and can dynamically display the layout of the foundation treatment structure, the construction process and the force analysis results, so that designers can intuitively check the rationality of the design and make adjustments and optimizations. The optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 can also be integrated with the project management system to achieve real-time updating of design data and dynamic monitoring of project progress. The integration of the BIM design model enables the project data to be linked with the project management system to ensure that the design parameters are consistent with the construction progress, avoid construction deviations due to information lags, and track the progress of the project in real time to ensure that construction proceeds as planned. The project management system integration module also includes an automatic alarm function. When it is detected that the design parameters deviate from the preset range or the project progress is abnormal, the system automatically generates an early warning message and feeds it back to the project management personnel. The alarm function can monitor key design parameters in real time, such as foundation reinforcement depth and pile foundation layout. If there is a deviation between the actual construction data and the design value, the system will automatically trigger an alarm and provide adjustment suggestions to ensure that the construction quality meets the design requirements. At the same time, when the project progress lags behind plan, the system can also issue an early warning to remind management personnel to adjust the construction arrangements in time to ensure that the project is completed on schedule.

[0051] See also Figure 2, which is a BIM model of fill preloading + pile composite foundation. The model shows a composite reinforcement scheme combining fill preloading with pile foundation under soft foundation conditions. In the model, the upper green area represents the fill preloading layer, which is used to accelerate foundation consolidation through its own load, improve foundation bearing capacity and reduce later settlement. The densely distributed columnar structure in the lower part represents the pile foundation, which can provide additional bearing capacity and optimize foundation deformation control through the interaction of piles and soil. The entire model is constructed based on BIM technology, which realizes the visual expression of the foundation treatment structure, allowing engineering designers to intuitively analyze the effects of different treatment measures, improve the accuracy of design decisions, and facilitate subsequent construction management and progress monitoring.

[0052] In summary, the present invention discloses a method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade projects based on BIM technology. The purpose is to change the traditional design method based on two-dimensional sections. By establishing a sample library of typical design schemes and introducing deep learning algorithms for intelligent decision-making and design, the three-dimensional terrain and geological model is integrated with the subgrade BIM structure model and applied to the design of the subgrade treatment for railway subgrade projects. The integrated three-dimensional model of terrain, geology and subgrade structure is imported into three-dimensional simulation and calculation software for iterative analysis, thereby realizing intelligent decision-making and design optimization. The method is simple to operate and easy to implement. The design results are visualized and the simulation and calculation results are accurate. The scheme can be optimized layer by layer in the staged dynamic simulation design. It has the advantages of economical and reasonable design measures and improved design efficiency and accuracy. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional section design method of subgrade projects, the present invention establishes a three-dimensional terrain and geological model of the real subgrade project, couples it with the subgrade BIM design structure model, and uses three-dimensional simulation and calculation software to perform dynamic integrated theoretical iterative calculation analysis, thereby achieving high precision of simulation and calculation results and visualization of design results, providing a more efficient, economical and reliable technical approach for the subgrade treatment of railway subgrade projects.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above. For the sake of simplicity, they are not provided in detail. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or to make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, collect geological data of railway subgrade engineering, including topographic, geological and hydrological information, and use 3D geological modeling software to build a 3D topographic and geological model; S2, based on the three-dimensional topographic geological model, using the established typical design solution sample library and deep learning algorithm to carry out intelligent decision-making design, establish a preliminary BIM design model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure, and integrate and generate a preliminary BIM integrated model of the roadbed foundation treatment structure; S3, extract the coupled foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated 3D verification model; S4, importing the three-dimensional calculation model into three-dimensional simulation calculation software to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation analysis of the foundation treatment structure; S5, based on the check and calculation results, modifying the foundation treatment measures and the structural geometric parameters, adjusting the model parameters, and generating a modified foundation treatment structure model; S6, based on the verified and corrected foundation treatment structure model, further iterative calculation is performed to optimize the structural geometry to obtain the optimal structural geometry that meets the requirements of the specification; S7, according to the structural geometric dimensions optimized by iterative calculation, adjust the model structural geometric dimension parameters and generate an optimized foundation treatment BIM design model.

2. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The terrain information in step S1 is obtained by oblique photography technology or three-dimensional scanning technology, and the geological and hydrological information is obtained by remote sensing interpretation, geological exploration, geotechnical testing, hydrological testing or geophysical exploration methods.

3. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent decision-making design carried out in step S2 using a typical design solution sample library and a deep learning algorithm is used to preliminarily select foundation treatment measures and structural geometric dimensions and establish a preliminary model of the foundation treatment structure.

4. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The coupled foundation treatment topography and geological structure BIM integrated three-dimensional verification model in step S3 can dynamically reflect the topography, geology and roadbed design structure information of the roadbed foundation treatment, and meet the foundation treatment structure verification and analysis requirements.

5. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the three-dimensional verification model is imported into three-dimensional simulation verification software, and a verification result that meets the specification requirements is obtained through three-dimensional numerical simulation verification analysis.

6. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The deep learning algorithm in step S2 adopts a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the intelligent decision-making design includes the following steps: S21, discretizing the three-dimensional terrain geological model into grid units of a preset size; S22, extracting the stratigraphic attribute parameters of each grid cell as input features; S23, outputting recommended foundation treatment measure types and initial geometric parameters based on historical design solutions under similar geological conditions in the typical design solution sample library.

7. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The typical design scheme sample library contains no less than 100 historical engineering cases, among which: soft soil geological cases account for ≥30%, karst geological cases account for ≥20%, and frozen soil geological cases account for ≥10%.

8. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 is integrated with a visualization display module to achieve intuitive presentation and verification of the design scheme.

9. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimized foundation treatment BIM design model generated in step S7 is integrated with the project management system to achieve real-time updating of design data and dynamic monitoring of project progress.

10. The method for optimizing the design of foundation treatment for railway subgrade engineering based on BIM technology according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The project management system integration module also includes an automatic alarm function. When it is detected that the design parameters deviate from the preset range or the project progress is abnormal, the system automatically generates early warning information and feeds it back to the project management personnel.

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