Current overload early warning detection method and system for power adapter

Abstract

The invention discloses a current overload early warning detection method and system for a power adapter, and the method comprises the steps: injecting a sweep frequency signal into each port of a multi-port power adapter, and obtaining an impedance spectrum and a level signal of each port; calculating a level change rate by using sliding window filtering; according to the impedance spectrum and the level change rate, identifying a real-use port, identifying a low-power-consumption port and a no-load port through micro-current pulse detection, monitoring the current of each port in real time, predicting a future current change trend, and judging whether the current change trend has that the current exceeds an overload threshold at a certain moment; if yes, triggering graded early warning; and if not, identifying an effective port based on the load state tag, establishing a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix, and optimizing current distribution of the effective port in combination with an MPC model. According to the method, the port load state can be accurately identified, the overload risk is pre-judged in advance, graded early warning is triggered, and when overload is not detected, current distribution is optimized to realize dynamic balance of multi-port power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power adapters, and in particular to a current overload early warning detection method and system for a power adapter. Background Art

[0002] Traditional current overload detection technologies for power adapters rely primarily on static threshold settings and post-event protection mechanisms. For example, these methods trigger protection via fixed overload thresholds or employ pulse-by-pulse current limiting. However, these methods are unable to dynamically adapt to the complex changes in multi-port loads. On the one hand, existing solutions lack the ability to precisely identify multi-port load states, making it difficult to distinguish between port load states. For example, momentary plugging and unplugging actions can lead to misjudgment, potentially leading to false warnings or redundant protection. On the other hand, static current distribution strategies cannot be dynamically optimized based on real-time load demands, easily causing local overloads or energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a current overload warning detection method and system for a power adapter.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a current overload early warning detection method for a power adapter, the method comprising:

[0005] A swept frequency signal is injected into each port of a multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port; the level signal is filtered using a sliding window to calculate the level change rate of each port;

[0006] Identify the actual used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identify low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection, and output the load status label of each port;

[0007] Monitor the current of each port in real time and predict future current change trends. Calculate the overload threshold based on the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature. Determine whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at any point.

[0008] If so, a graded warning is triggered;

[0009] If not, the effective ports are identified based on the load status labels, a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective ports is established, and the current distribution of the effective ports is optimized according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

[0010] Preferably, after optimizing the current distribution of the effective ports according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model, the method further comprises:

[0011] Redistribute the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment output by the MPC model and monitor the corresponding output voltage;

[0012] The deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage is calculated, and the compensation current is calculated using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

[0013] Preferably, the identifying of the actual used ports according to the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port includes:

[0014] Calculating the stability index of the impedance spectrum of each port, analyzing whether the stability index and the number of continuous time windows meet the first preset condition, and determining it as a stable impedance if they meet the first preset condition;

[0015] Based on the port with stable impedance, the rising edge time and the number of mutations of the level change rate are analyzed to see whether they meet the second preset condition. If so, it is determined to be a truly used port.

[0016] Preferably, the identifying of low-power ports and unloaded ports by micro-current pulse detection includes:

[0017] Inject a microcurrent pulse sequence into the non-actually used port, collect the pulse response waveform, and calculate the decay time constant and resonant frequency;

[0018] When the decay time constant and the resonant frequency meet the third preset condition, it is determined to be a low-power port; when the pulse response waveform and the decay time constant meet the fourth preset condition, it is determined to be an unloaded port.

[0019] Preferably, calculating the overload threshold according to the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature includes:

[0020] ;

[0021] Where, is the current overload threshold, is the rated current of the power adapter, is the temperature compensation coefficient, is the current ambient temperature collected, is the reference temperature, The maximum allowable temperature.

[0022] Preferably, the optimizing the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model includes:

[0023] The model parameters of the transfer function matrix are updated online using the recursive least squares method;

[0024] The updated model parameters are input into the MPC model in real time, the objective function and constraints are constructed, and the current distribution of the effective ports is optimized by solving the objective function.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a current overload warning detection system for a power adapter, the system comprising:

[0026] The data acquisition module is used to inject a sweep frequency signal into each port of the multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port; the level signal is filtered using a sliding window to calculate the level change rate of each port;

[0027] The load judgment module is used to identify the actual used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identify low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection, and output the load status label of each port;

[0028] The current monitoring module is used to monitor the current of each port in real time and predict the future current change trend. It calculates the overload threshold based on the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature. It determines whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment.

[0029] The graded warning module is used to trigger a graded warning when the current exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment;

[0030] The current distribution module is used to identify the effective port based on the load status label when the current does not exceed the overload threshold at a certain moment, establish a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective port, and optimize the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

[0031] Preferably, the system further comprises a current compensation module, configured to:

[0032] Redistribute the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment output by the MPC model and monitor the corresponding output voltage;

[0033] The deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage is calculated, and the compensation current is calculated using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store computer program code, and the computer program code comprises computer instructions. When the processor executes the computer instructions, the electronic device executes the method as described in the first aspect above and any possible implementation thereof.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the processor executes the method as described in the first aspect above and any possible implementation method thereof.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention proposes a current overload warning detection method and system for a power adapter. First, by injecting a sweep frequency signal into a multi-port power adapter, the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port are obtained, and the sliding window filtering technology is used to calculate the level change rate, so as to accurately identify the actual used port. On this basis, the micro-current pulse detection technology is combined to distinguish between low-power ports and no-load ports, and a refined classification of the load state is achieved. By monitoring the current of each port in real time and predicting future change trends, the overload threshold is dynamically adjusted in combination with the rated current and ambient temperature of the power adapter, so that the overload risk can be predicted in advance and a graded warning can be triggered. If no overload is detected, a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix is established based on the load state label, and the current distribution is optimized in combination with the MPC model to achieve dynamic balancing of multi-port power. The present invention solves the shortcomings of existing methods in multi-port load identification, overload warning timeliness and current distribution efficiency through multi-dimensional signal analysis and dynamic prediction technology, and significantly improves the safety and energy efficiency management level of the power adapter.

[0038] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology will be described below.

[0040] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are used to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a current overload early warning detection method for a power adapter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A flowchart of a current overload early warning detection method for a power adapter provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3A schematic structural diagram of a current overload early warning detection system for a power adapter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a current overload early warning detection system for a power adapter provided by another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The terms "first," "second," and so on, in the description and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0047] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0048] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a current overload warning detection method for a power adapter. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0049] S10, injecting a sweep frequency signal into each port of the multi-port power adapter to obtain an impedance spectrum and a level signal of each port; filtering the level signal using a sliding window to calculate a level change rate of each port.

[0050] A multi-port power adapter is a charging or power supply device that can provide power to multiple electronic devices at the same time. Its core feature is that it has two or more output ports, which can meet the needs of different devices charging or running at the same time. When injecting the swept frequency signal, a digital signal generator is preferably used to generate a linear swept frequency signal. The frequency range is set to 10Hz-1MHz, so that the typical parasitic impedance frequency band can be covered. The parameters can be set to a sweep frequency step of 1kHz and a single sweep frequency cycle of 500ms. The swept frequency signal is injected into each port in turn through a high-speed multiplexer (switching time <1μs), ensuring that the injection interval between adjacent ports is ≥10ms to avoid signal crosstalk. In order to achieve signal isolation protection, the injected signal amplitude is limited to ±50mV to prevent interference with connected devices.

[0051] The impedance spectrum is a characteristic curve obtained by injecting a swept-frequency signal into a port and measuring the impedance of the port as it changes with frequency. It reflects the electrical characteristics of the load, such as resistance, inductance, and capacitance, and its response at different frequencies. The level signal refers to the voltage or current signal strength generated by the port during the frequency sweep. To acquire the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port, a 16-bit high-precision ADC is used to synchronously acquire the voltage and current responses of each port at a sampling rate of 1MS / s, with 100 cycles of waveforms collected at each frequency point. After applying a Hanning window to the data at each frequency point, a Fourier transform is performed to calculate the impedance amplitude and phase angle, generating the port impedance spectrum curve. The DC bias voltage of each port during the frequency sweep is extracted as the level signal, and a Kalman filter is used to initially suppress high-frequency noise.

[0052] Furthermore, the sliding window length is dynamically adjusted based on the level signal's fluctuation. Level signal fluctuation is typically reflected by the standard deviation. When the standard deviation is greater than 0.1V, the window length can be set to 500ms; otherwise, it can be set to 2s, balancing real-time performance with smoothness. Exponential weighting is applied to the level signal within the window, resulting in a filtered output. A first-order linear regression is performed within the window, and the slope is calculated as the level change rate.

[0053] S20, identifying the actually used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identifying the low-power ports and no-load ports through micro-current pulse detection, and outputting the load status label of each port.

[0054] In one embodiment, identifying the actual used port based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port includes:

[0055] Calculating the stability index of the impedance spectrum of each port, analyzing whether the stability index and the number of continuous time windows meet the first preset condition, and determining it as a stable impedance if they meet the first preset condition;

[0056] Based on the port with stable impedance, the rising edge time and the number of mutations of the level change rate are analyzed to see whether they meet the second preset condition. If so, it is determined to be a truly used port.

[0057] Repeat the frequency sweep signal injection and impedance spectrum measurement in 5 consecutive time windows with each window length Ts = 200ms. The frequency range is 10Hz-1MHz. Obtain the impedance amplitude sequence of each port at each frequency point. ;

[0058] Calculate the stability index of the impedance amplitude at each frequency point:

[0059] ;

[0060] Where, is a stability indicator, is the mean of 5 measurements, and the normalization process ensures that the indicator range is within [0,1]. Indicates taking the maximum value.

[0061] After obtaining the stability index of the frequency point, the overall stability index of the impedance spectrum is evaluated. The stability index of the key frequency band (1kHz-100kHz) can be extracted and the weighted summation result can be calculated:

[0062] ;

[0063] Where, is the overall stability index, The weights are assigned according to the importance of the frequency bands, for example, 1kHz weight is 0.3, 10kHz weight is 0.5, and 100kHz weight is 0.2). The final required stability index can be obtained by weighting and summing different key frequency bands.

[0064] For the first prerequisite, is less than a certain stability threshold, e.g. , within three consecutive time windows The fluctuation range is less than the fluctuation threshold, e.g. ; then the port is determined to be a stable impedance port and enters the next stage of analysis.

[0065] Furthermore, based on the port with stable impedance, the first-order difference of the filtered level signal is performed to detect the mutation point where the differential value exceeds the threshold of 0.1V / s; then the signal in the mutation interval is extracted, and the double tangent method is used to calculate the rising edge time, such as the time required for the amplitude to increase from 10% to 90%. Within the 10-second time window, the number of events in which the level change rate exceeds 0.2V / s and the duration exceeds 50ms is recorded. For the second preset condition judgment, if the rising edge time is less than 200ms, that is, the transient response signal of the typical device access, and the number of mutations is greater than or equal to 3 times, then the port can be determined to be a real use port, and other ports are marked as non-real use ports.

[0066] In one embodiment, the identifying low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection includes:

[0067] Inject a microcurrent pulse sequence into the non-actually used port, collect the pulse response waveform, and calculate the decay time constant and resonant frequency;

[0068] When the decay time constant and the resonant frequency meet the third preset condition, it is determined to be a low-power port; when the pulse response waveform and the decay time constant meet the fourth preset condition, it is determined to be an unloaded port.

[0069] In this embodiment, a square wave pulse sequence with an amplitude of 5mA±0.1mA, a pulse width of 10μs, and a repetition frequency of 1kHz is injected into the non-real use port for a duration of 100ms to ensure that the energy is lower than the trigger threshold of the sensitive device. The pulse injection path is controlled by an optocoupler relay to ensure that the signal is only injected into the port marked as "non-real use". The interval time between adjacent ports is ≥5ms to avoid crosstalk. A current limiting circuit (threshold 10mA) and a voltage clamp (±500mV) are used to prevent overshoot from damaging the port circuit. When collecting the pulse response waveform, a 14-bit ADC is used to collect the pulse response voltage waveform at a sampling rate of 10MS / s to capture the rising edge, decay process and steady-state value, and the power frequency interference is suppressed by filtering, and then the high-frequency noise is eliminated by wavelet transform.

[0070] Furthermore, the voltage decay curve after the pulse is extracted (t ≥ 10 μs) and the exponential function is fitted by the nonlinear least squares method. :

[0071] ;

[0072] Where, is the decay time constant, is the steady-state offset voltage, is a natural constant, for Voltage at the moment.

[0073] When fitting Finally, the waveform in the decay phase (t = 10 μs to 100 μs) is Fourier transformed to extract the peak frequency in the amplitude spectrum.

[0074] For the third preset condition, if the decay time constant satisfies 20μs≤τ≤200μs (typical low-power device RC time characteristic); the resonant frequency range satisfies 50kHz≤fres≤500kHz reflecting the load LC resonance characteristic), the steady-state offset voltage satisfies | If ∣>10mV (confirming the presence of a small load current), the port is determined to be a low-power port, such as when connected to a Bluetooth headset or smart watch device.

[0075] Furthermore, when analyzing the waveform characteristics, the average slope of the pulse rising edge is calculated. The slope is significantly higher for unloaded ports due to the lack of load capacitance. The maximum oscillation amplitude during the decay process is also extracted. For the fourth pre-determined condition, if the decay time constant satisfies τ < 10μs (close to the decay rate of the wire's parasitic parameters), the rising edge slope is greater than 2V / μs (indicating the absence of capacitive load), and the oscillation amplitude is less than 5mV (no resonant energy storage), the port is considered unloaded, meaning it is not connected to any device.

[0076] Therefore, this embodiment effectively distinguishes between tiny loads (low power consumption) and completely open circuits (no load) through joint time-frequency domain analysis of the pulse response. Combined with a dynamic calibration mechanism, it maintains judgment stability under different environments, solving the bottleneck problem of the traditional impedance method being unable to identify nanoampere-level loads.

[0077] S30, monitor the current of each port in real time and predict the future current change trend, calculate the overload threshold according to the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature; and determine whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment.

[0078] After identifying the actual ports in use, the system collects current data from each port in real time and inputs it into a bidirectional LSTM model to predict current trends over a period of time, such as 5 seconds. This bidirectional LSTM model can be trained based on a large amount of time series data.

[0079] Preferably, calculating the overload threshold according to the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature includes:

[0080] ;

[0081] Where, is the current overload threshold, is the rated current of the power adapter, is the temperature compensation coefficient, is the current ambient temperature collected, is the reference temperature, is the maximum allowable temperature. Preferably it is 25°C. The value range is usually [0.2,0.5]

[0082] Furthermore, it is determined whether the current variation trend has a moment when the current exceeds the overload threshold. If so, step S40 is executed; if not, step S50 is executed.

[0083] Step S40: If yes, trigger a graded warning.

[0084] To implement graded warnings, the system categorizes out-of-range conditions into different levels. For example, if the current value at a certain moment exceeds 1.05 times the overload threshold, it is a mild overload, and the user needs to be reminded to pay attention to how the adapter is used. If it exceeds 1.1 times the overload threshold, it is a moderate overload, and the current allocation weight of the overloaded port needs to be reduced to prioritize power supply to other ports. If it exceeds 1.3 times the overload threshold, it is a severe overload, and non-critical ports need to be forcibly shut down or the power supply needs to be cut off.

[0085] Therefore, unlike the traditional approach of fixed thresholds, this embodiment adjusts overload judgment criteria in real time based on ambient temperature, improving warning accuracy. A bidirectional LSTM is used to predict future load trends, distinguishing between instantaneous peaks and sustained overloads to avoid false triggering. This tiered warning system provides more targeted solutions, improves adapter management security, and facilitates continuous and stable operation.

[0086] S50 , if not, identifying the effective port based on the load status label, establishing a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective port, and optimizing the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

[0087] Specifically, the optimizing the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model includes:

[0088] The model parameters of the transfer function matrix are updated online using the recursive least squares method;

[0089] The updated model parameters are input into the MPC model in real time, the objective function and constraints are constructed, and the current distribution of the effective ports is optimized by solving the objective function.

[0090] The load status tags output in step S20 include real use ports, low power ports and unloaded ports. Real use ports and low power ports are identified as valid ports. The port status is rescanned every 1 second and the valid port list is dynamically adjusted.

[0091] Establish a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of effective ports. First, use the simulation tool to generate the transfer function matrix based on the adapter topology. , Indicates the The change of port current affects the The transfer function of the port voltage, assuming a three-port adapter, is The matrix is as follows:

[0092] ;

[0093] Where, the diagonal elements 、 、 It represents the influence of the current of this port on its own voltage, and the remaining off-diagonal elements represent the coupling effect between ports.

[0094] When using the recursive least squares method to update the model parameters of the transfer function matrix online, the transfer function parameters are dynamically modified to adapt to load changes or component aging. The specific update steps include:

[0095] 1) Obtain the current of each port in real time With voltage , the time step is ;

[0096] 2) Transfer function Convert to a discrete state-space model:

[0097] ;

[0098] Where, 、 are the state matrix and input matrix to be updated; is the noise term;

[0099] 3) RLS update: first set the initial values of the forgetting factor and covariance matrix, calculate the gain matrix and update the parameter estimates, and finally update the covariance matrix to obtain the model parameters, which are input into the MPC model in real time.

[0100] Based on the MPC model, construct the objective function And the constraints are as follows:

[0101] ;

[0102] Where, 、 For the Step prediction current, prediction voltage, total step; is the voltage deviation weight, is the current adjustment weight, is the overload penalty weight, is the reference voltage, is the current fluctuation, is the rated current. The constraints are: ; .

[0103] In order to solve the objective function, combined with the above discrete state space model Predict the voltage-current relationship for the next 5 steps. Initialize the current and voltage first and get 、 ; Define the prediction time domain , control time domain . Set weights 、 、 They are 1, 0.1 and 0.5 respectively.

[0104] Assuming the noise term , then ;

[0105] The objective function Expand to quadratic form:

[0106] ;

[0107] in, ;

[0108] Linearizing constraints: Introducing slack variables ;

[0109] Convert the voltage constraint to a current constraint:

[0110] ;

[0111] The QP solver is called to obtain the currents of the first three steps as the optimized current distribution results.

[0112] In this embodiment, the nonlinear problem is converted into a QP through relaxation variables, and the ready-made solver is called to quickly solve it. By optimizing the currents in the first three steps, the solution dimension is reduced and the computational efficiency is improved.

[0113] See also Figure 2 In one embodiment, after step S50, the method further includes:

[0114] S60, reallocating the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment amount output by the MPC model, and monitoring the corresponding output voltage;

[0115] S70, calculating the deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage, and using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to calculate the compensation current to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

[0116] In step S60, after the MPC model completes its calculations, it obtains the optimal current adjustment for each active port. These adjustments are based on the multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix, the system's current state, and predicted information. The goal is to optimize system performance while satisfying various constraints. Based on the obtained optimal current adjustment, the output current of each active port is adjusted by controlling the power regulation circuit within the power adapter. For example, if the MPC model recommends increasing the current of a port by 200mA, the current output of that port is adjusted accordingly. After the current is redistributed, a voltage sensor is used to monitor the output voltage of each active port in real time. A voltage sensor is connected to each port, and the sensor converts the detected voltage value into an electrical signal, which is then converted into a digital signal through an ADC converter for subsequent processing.

[0117] In step S70, the output voltage of each active port monitored in step S60 is first compared with the rated voltage of that port, and the difference between them, i.e., the voltage deviation, is calculated. For example, if the rated voltage of a port is 5V and the monitored output voltage is 4.8V, then the voltage deviation is -0.2V. The calculated voltage deviation and the rate of change of the voltage deviation serve as inputs to the fuzzy adaptive PID controller. These inputs are fuzzified, converting the precise numerical values into memberships of fuzzy sets. For example, the voltage deviation is classified into fuzzy sets such as "negative large," "negative medium," "negative small," "zero," "positive small," "positive medium," and "positive large," and the membership of the current voltage deviation in each fuzzy set is determined. The fuzzified inputs are inferred based on a pre-defined fuzzy rule base to obtain fuzzy adjustments for the three parameters of the PID controller. The fuzzy rule base is developed based on experience and system characteristics. If the voltage deviation is "positive large" and the voltage deviation change rate is "positive small," the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient are adjusted accordingly. The fuzzy adjustment amount obtained by fuzzy reasoning is converted into an accurate numerical value to obtain the adjusted proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient.

[0118] Finally, using the adjusted PID controller parameters, the required compensation current for each active port is calculated based on the voltage deviation. This calculated compensation current is then added to the current adjustment output by the MPC model to obtain the final current distribution result. The power regulation circuit then adjusts the current at each active port again to further optimize the power adapter's output performance. By automatically adjusting the rules in the fuzzy rule base based on data such as voltage deviation, current adjustment, and system performance indicators, the fuzzy adaptive PID controller can better adapt to different loads and environmental changes, further improving the accuracy of current distribution and the stability of the power adapter.

[0119] In summary, the method provided by the present invention first injects a sweep frequency signal into a multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port, and uses a sliding window filtering technique to calculate the level change rate, thereby accurately identifying the actual used port. On this basis, the low-power port and the no-load port are distinguished by combining the micro-current pulse detection technology to achieve refined classification of the load state. By real-time monitoring of the current of each port and predicting future change trends, the overload threshold is dynamically adjusted in combination with the rated current and ambient temperature of the power adapter, so that the overload risk can be predicted in advance and a graded warning can be triggered. If no overload is detected, a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix is established based on the load state label, and the current distribution is optimized in combination with the MPC model to achieve dynamic balancing of multi-port power. The present invention solves the shortcomings of the existing methods in multi-port load identification, overload warning timeliness and current distribution efficiency through multi-dimensional signal analysis and dynamic prediction technology, and significantly improves the safety and energy efficiency management level of the power adapter.

[0120] See also Figure 3 In one embodiment, the present invention further provides a current overload early warning detection system for a power adapter, the system comprising:

[0121] The data acquisition module 100 is used to inject a sweep frequency signal into each port of the multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port; the level signal is filtered using a sliding window to calculate the level change rate of each port;

[0122] The load determination module 200 is used to identify the actual used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identify low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection, and output the load status label of each port;

[0123] The current monitoring module 300 is used to monitor the current of each port in real time and predict the future current change trend. It calculates the overload threshold based on the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature. It determines whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment.

[0124] The graded warning module 400 is used to trigger a graded warning when the current exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment;

[0125] The current distribution module 500 is used to identify the effective port based on the load status label when the current does not exceed the overload threshold at a certain moment, establish a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective port, and optimize the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

[0126] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the system further includes a current compensation module 600, configured to:

[0127] Redistribute the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment output by the MPC model and monitor the corresponding output voltage;

[0128] The deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage is calculated, and the compensation current is calculated using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

[0129] It can be understood that the functions or modules included in the system provided in this embodiment can be used to execute the method described in the above method embodiment. Its specific implementation can refer to the description of the above method embodiment. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0130] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store computer program code, and the computer program code includes computer instructions. When the processor executes the computer instructions, the electronic device executes a method as described in any one of the possible implementation modes.

[0131] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the processor executes a method as described in any one of the possible implementation methods described above.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0133] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will also clearly understand that the descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have different focuses. For the convenience and brevity of description, the same or similar parts may not be repeated in different embodiments. Therefore, for parts not described or not described in detail in one embodiment, reference can be made to the descriptions of other embodiments.

Claims

1. A current overload warning detection method for a power adapter, characterized in that: The method comprises: A swept frequency signal is injected into each port of a multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port; the level signal is filtered using a sliding window to calculate the level change rate of each port; Identify the actual used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identify low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection, and output the load status label of each port; Monitor the current of each port in real time and predict future current change trends. Calculate the overload threshold based on the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature. Determine whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at any point. If so, a graded warning is triggered; If not, the effective ports are identified based on the load status labels, a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective ports is established, and the current distribution of the effective ports is optimized according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

2. The current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: After optimizing the current distribution of the effective ports according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model, the method further includes: Redistribute the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment output by the MPC model and monitor the corresponding output voltage; The deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage is calculated, and the compensation current is calculated using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

3. The current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identifying of the actual used ports according to the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port includes: Calculating the stability index of the impedance spectrum of each port, analyzing whether the stability index and the number of continuous time windows meet the first preset condition, and determining it as a stable impedance if they meet the first preset condition; Based on the port with stable impedance, the rising edge time and the number of mutations of the level change rate are analyzed to see whether they meet the second preset condition. If so, it is determined to be a truly used port.

4. The current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of identifying low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection includes: Inject a microcurrent pulse sequence into the non-actually used port, collect the pulse response waveform, and calculate the decay time constant and resonant frequency; When the decay time constant and the resonant frequency meet the third preset condition, it is determined to be a low-power port; when the pulse response waveform and the decay time constant meet the fourth preset condition, it is determined to be an unloaded port.

5. The current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating of the overload threshold value according to the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature includes: ； Where, is the current overload threshold, is the rated current of the power adapter, is the temperature compensation coefficient, is the current ambient temperature collected, is the reference temperature, The maximum allowable temperature.

6. The current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of optimizing the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model includes: The model parameters of the transfer function matrix are updated online using the recursive least squares method; The updated model parameters are input into the MPC model in real time, the objective function and constraints are constructed, and the current distribution of the effective ports is optimized by solving the objective function.

7. A current overload warning detection system for a power adapter, characterized in that: The system comprises: The data acquisition module is used to inject a sweep frequency signal into each port of the multi-port power adapter to obtain the impedance spectrum and level signal of each port; the level signal is filtered using a sliding window to calculate the level change rate of each port; The load judgment module is used to identify the actual used ports based on the impedance spectrum and level change rate of each port, identify low-power ports and unloaded ports through micro-current pulse detection, and output the load status label of each port; The current monitoring module is used to monitor the current of each port in real time and predict the future current change trend. It calculates the overload threshold based on the rated current of the power adapter and the current ambient temperature. It determines whether the current change trend exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment. The graded warning module is used to trigger a graded warning when the current exceeds the overload threshold at a certain moment; The current distribution module is used to identify the effective port based on the load status label when the current does not exceed the overload threshold at a certain moment, establish a multi-port current-voltage transfer function matrix of the effective port, and optimize the current distribution of the effective port according to the transfer function matrix and the MPC model.

8. The current overload warning detection system for a power adapter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The system further includes a current compensation module, configured to: Redistribute the current of the effective port according to the optimal current adjustment output by the MPC model and monitor the corresponding output voltage; The deviation between the output voltage and the rated voltage is calculated, and the compensation current is calculated using a fuzzy adaptive PID controller to optimize the current distribution result of the MPC model.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor and a memory, the memory being used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and when the processor executes the computer instructions, the electronic device executes the current overload warning detection method for a power adapter as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the processor executes the current overload warning detection method for a power adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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