Friction and wear test device suitable for shaft seats of multiple specifications and use method

Abstract

The invention provides a friction and wear test device suitable for shaft seats of multiple specifications and a use method. The device comprises a test table board, an assembly type clamp, a crank-link mechanism and an oil cylinder loading system, the assembly type clamp is arranged on the test bench surface and is used for clamping the dual shaft; the dual shaft is used for mounting a shaft seat tested piece; the assembly type clamp comprises an inner side bearing base and an outer side bearing base which are both movably installed on the test bench surface. The dual shaft is rotationally connected with the crank connecting rod mechanism, so that the swing friction test of the dual shaft in the shaft seat tested piece is realized; and the oil cylinder loading system is arranged below the shaft seat tested piece and is used for providing radial pressure for the shaft seat tested piece. The distance between the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base can be adjusted through the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base which are movably mounted on the test bench surface, so that the device adapts to shaft seats with different lengths and is used for friction and wear tests of shaft seats with multiple specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shaft seat wear testing, and in particular relates to a friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of multiple specifications and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The excavator's working mechanism consists of a boom, arm, bucket, connecting rod, and other components. The connections between these components generally utilize a pin, bushing, and seat structure, enabling the connection and rotational movement between the boom, arm, and other components. These critical load-bearing areas are critical. When the excavator is operating, harsh operating loads are transmitted directly through the connections between the components, causing the slewing pair to operate at low speeds and under heavy loads, even experiencing unbalanced loads. Furthermore, the wide range of reciprocating rotation angles often leads to bushing movement, wear, and cracking, which can cause the excavator to malfunction.

[0003] In order to replicate the actual shaft sleeve failure and further analyze the cause of the failure, friction and wear durability testing is required. Due to the high cost of vehicle durability testing, equivalent accelerated testing on a test bench is generally used instead.

[0004] In the prior art, a lubricating friction tester is often used to test sliding bearings. However, the currently used sliding bearing lubricating friction tester can only perform friction tests at fixed swing angles on shaft sleeves of specific specifications. The inner and outer diameters and lengths of the shaft sleeves are all fixed values, and the reciprocating swing angle of the dual shaft must also be a fixed value. The test bench is difficult to expand for friction durability tests of other types of shaft sleeves or shaft seats. The existing sliding bearing lubricating friction test bench is difficult to expand for swing friction durability tests of shaft sleeves or shaft seats of other models or sizes. The test device of the prior art can neither meet the testing requirements of multiple hinge points and multiple models of shaft seats of the excavator working device, nor meet the testing requirements of multiple models. In addition, the existing test bench is difficult to modify and has poor compatibility. The test bench needs to be redesigned to meet the testing requirements of other specifications. Tests are often abandoned due to the high manufacturing cost and long cycle of the test bench. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a friction and wear testing device for axle seats of multiple specifications and a method of use, which can meet the test requirements for friction and wear of axle seats of different tonnages and multiple specifications.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives / solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications, comprising a test table, an assembled fixture, a crank-connecting rod mechanism, and a cylinder loading system; The assembled fixture is set on the test table and is used to clamp the dual shaft; the dual shaft is used to install the shaft seat test piece; the assembled fixture includes an inner bearing base and an outer bearing base, both of which are movably mounted on the test table; The dual shaft is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism through a torque metering system, so as to realize the swing friction test of the dual shaft in the shaft seat test piece. The oil cylinder loading system is arranged below the shaft seat test piece and is used to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece.

[0007] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: by movably mounting the inner and outer bearing bases on the test bench, the distance between the inner and outer bearing bases can be adjusted to accommodate shaft seats of different lengths, which is used to conduct friction and wear tests on shaft seats of multiple specifications.

[0008] The torque metering system measures the torque required to rotate the pin during the pin swing friction process. The friction force required for the pin swing can be calculated based on the torque value, providing data support for the research.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner bearing base is arranged close to the crank-connecting rod mechanism, and the outer bearing base is arranged away from the crank-connecting rod mechanism, and coaxial transverse through holes are provided on the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base; The transverse through holes of the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base are both provided with spherical roller bearings and flange expansion transition sleeves.

[0010] The technical effect achieved by the above arrangement is that flanged expansion sleeves and transition sleeves of different specifications are assembled in the bearing base to accommodate test shafts of varying diameters and prevent axial movement of the test shaft. A spherical roller bearing seat is assembled on the outermost side of the test shaft, and flanged expansion sleeves and transition sleeves are installed within the bearing seat to accommodate the varying diameters of the test shaft and reduce the impact of shaft swing.

[0011] Furthermore, a track translation system is provided at the bottom of the oil cylinder loading system; the track translation system is used to drive the oil cylinder loading system to move along the central axis of the axle seat test piece.

[0012] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: the track translation system drives the outer cylinder loading system to move along the convex groove track to adapt to the different lengths of the axle seat test piece resulting in changes in the loading position of the cylinder loading system.

[0013] Furthermore, the track translation system includes a translation drive device, a translation screw, a translation base, a convex groove track, and a translation slider; The translation base is fixed to the end of the convex groove track, and a translation driving device is arranged on it; A translation slider is slidably arranged in the convex groove track, and the convex groove track is slidably connected to the cylinder loading system through the translation slider; The translation drive device is connected to the translation screw, and one end of the translation screw is connected to the cylinder loading system. By rotating the driving shaft of the translation drive device, the translation screw is rotated, driving the outer cylinder loading system to move along the convex groove track.

[0014] Furthermore, the oil cylinder loading system includes a connecting plate slidably connected to the track translation system, an oil cylinder base fixedly connected to the connecting plate, a loading oil cylinder connected to the oil cylinder base, and a loading top seat connected to the oil cylinder through a pressure transmission mechanism; The loading top seat includes a flat plate with a hole; A vertical through hole is provided on the test bench; A guide hole is provided on the perforated plate, and a guide tube is provided below the guide hole; an inner hole communicating with the guide hole is provided in the guide tube; the perforated plate is fixed on the test table, and the guide tube is passed through the through hole; The pressure transmission mechanism includes a pressure sensor mounting plate, a pressure sensor, a loading straight rod and an arc bracket; The upper surface of the pressure sensor mounting plate is machined with pits for mounting the pressure sensor, and the lower surface is provided with multiple sets of threaded holes for fixed connection with the top of the loading cylinder, thereby transmitting the pressure of the bottom loading cylinder upward; The bottom of the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor mounting plate, and the top is connected to the loading straight rod; the pressure sensor is used to record the total pressure of the loading cylinder on the shaft seat test piece; The loading rod passes vertically through the guide tube and extends out of the test bench, and the top is fixedly connected to the arc bracket; The upper surface of the arc-shaped bracket is provided with an arc surface that fits the outer surface of the shaft seat and is used for contacting the shaft seat.

[0015] Furthermore, there are two oil cylinder loading systems, which respectively connect the shaft seat test piece to the two ends of the shaft seat outer cylindrical surface.

[0016] The above setup achieves the following technical benefits: The curved bracket of the hydraulic cylinder loading system acts on the outer surface of the test piece's shaft seat, generating radial pressure between the shaft seat and the pin. The friction of the pin varies with the magnitude of the hydraulic cylinder loading system's radial pressure, thus simulating different load conditions. The loading position is located outside the shaft seat, close to the outside of the shaft seat, and aligned horizontally with the position of the sleeve within the shaft seat.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the oil cylinder base is slidably connected in the convex groove track; The translation screw is translationally connected to the oil cylinder base through the translation seat; the translation seat and the side of the oil cylinder base are fixedly connected through the translation mounting hole; a bearing is provided between the translation screw and the translation seat.

[0018] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: the cylinder base is fixed in the groove of the base plate, that is, the convex groove track, and can only move horizontally but not rotate; when the rocker of the translation drive device is rotated, the translation screw rotates, and the bearing of the translation seat causes the cylinder base to only move but not rotate.

[0019] Furthermore, the number of oil cylinder bases can be detachably connected to the connecting plate in a variable manner.

[0020] Furthermore, the connecting plate is provided with multiple rows of threaded holes, and the bottom of the oil cylinder base is provided with a connecting hole; one or more oil cylinder bases are fixed to the connecting plate by aligning the threaded holes with the connecting holes; A cylinder mounting hole is provided on the top of the cylinder base for installing the loading cylinder.

[0021] The technical effect achieved by the above settings is: multiple groups of threaded holes are set on the left, middle and right sides of the connecting plate to meet the requirements of arbitrary switching between double cylinders and single cylinders and adapt to the needs of loading force changes.

[0022] Furthermore, there are multiple connecting plates.

[0023] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: multiple loading cylinders can be loaded, and the cylinder base moves along the groove track to adjust the distance between the inner and outer cylinders so that the loading position is always located at specific positions at both ends of the shaft seat, thereby adapting to the length change of the test piece.

[0024] Furthermore, the crank-connecting rod mechanism comprises a crank, a disc, a connecting point, and a crank-connecting rod base; The crank connection base is used to be fixed on the test bench and connected to the disc through the crank; The disc has multiple connection points that are unevenly distributed, corresponding to the multiple swing angles of the crank; One end of the crank is hinged to the crank connection base, and the other end is connected to the connection hinge assembly. By adjusting the connection hinge position on the disc and replacing the corresponding crank, the friction swing angle of the test dual shaft can be adapted to the changing requirements.

[0025] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is that the hinge point of the crank and the disc is hinged through a pin, converting the rotation of the disc into a swinging motion. The hinge points on the disc are at different distances from the center of the disc; if the crank is connected to different hinge points, different swing angles will be generated.

[0026] The crank is generally composed of two hinged crank rods, or multiple crank rods, wherein one end of crank rod one is hinged to the crank connection base through a pin, and the other end is rotatably connected to crank rod two; one end of crank rod two is hinged to crank rod one, and the other end is rotatably connected to the hinge point of the disc through a pin.

[0027] Furthermore, the test device also includes a drive motor and a reducer; The driving motor is connected to the center of the disc of the crank-connecting rod mechanism through a reducer, thereby driving the disc to rotate.

[0028] Furthermore, the test device also includes a limit base for limiting the radial movement and axial rotation of the shaft seat test piece; The limiting base includes a base fixed on the test table, a screw connected to the base by rotation, and a limiting block connected to the end of the screw; The bottom of the base is provided with a limit base mounting hole for connecting to the test table, and the top is provided with a limit threaded hole whose axial direction is perpendicular to the inner axis of the test piece of the shaft seat; The screw is rotated and engaged in the limiting threaded hole.

[0029] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: the screw is sleeved with nuts on both sides of the limiting threaded hole, the screw passes through the limiting hole on the limiting base, and is fixed with nuts on both sides of the limiting hole, and the nuts on the outside of the limiting hole are matched with loose washers; first, turn the screw to make the limiting block rest against the side of the shaft seat, and then tighten the nuts on both sides of the limiting hole to fix the screw to the limiting base; the screw passes through the vertical plate of the limiting base, and there are nuts on both sides of the vertical plate, which limit the screw to the vertical plate and prevent it from moving horizontally, ensuring that the limiting block does not slide relative to the shaft seat (test piece) when it is subjected to friction generated by the swinging.

[0030] Furthermore, the limit base includes four limit bases, which are fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece. By adjusting the screw, the limit blocks are made close to the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece. It is suitable for shaft seat test pieces of different specifications to prevent them from axial rotation.

[0031] Furthermore, the test table is designed with multiple rows of threaded holes, including multiple rows of inner bearing base mounting holes, multiple rows of outer bearing base mounting holes, multiple rows of table loading top mounting holes, and multiple rows of table limit base mounting holes. The inner bearing base mounting hole matches the inner base mounting hole and is used for detachable fixed connection between the test bench and the inner bearing base; The outer bearing base mounting hole matches the outer base mounting hole and is used for detachable fixed connection between the test table and the outer bearing base; The mounting holes of the loading top seat on the table match the mounting holes of the loading top seat, and are used for detachable fixed connection between the test table and the loading top seat; The table top limit base mounting hole matches the limit base mounting hole and is used for detachable fixed connection between the test table and the inner bearing base.

[0032] The technical effect achieved by the above setting is: the above mounting holes are all connected to the corresponding fixed bases with bolts to adapt to the requirements of size changes of the shaft seat test piece.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of use, based on the friction and wear testing device for axle seats of multiple specifications according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps: Install the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base on the test bench, and adjust the distance between the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base according to the size of the shaft seat test piece; Clamp the dual shaft on the assembly fixture, and install the shaft seat test piece on the test table through the dual shaft; Rotatingly connecting the dual shaft to the crank-connecting rod mechanism; Connect the cylinder loading system to the bottom of the test piece on the shaft seat; Start the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive the dual shaft to rotate, start the cylinder loading system to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece, and start the test.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The present invention provides a friction and wear test device and method for shaft seats of various specifications applicable to multiple specifications, which can meet the friction and wear test requirements of shaft seats of various specifications with different tonnages, conduct test analysis and fault reproduction on market faults such as abnormal wear of the shaft sleeve in the shaft seat, shaft sleeve ejection, and shaft sleeve breakage, and provide basic support for testing capabilities.

[0035] 2) An assembled fixture is used to ensure the installation and adjustment of test pieces of various specifications on the test bench. The track-type cylinder translation ensures the accuracy and variability of the pressure loading position. The single and double cylinders can be switched arbitrarily to ensure that the loading force range is sufficient. The support base mounting flange expansion sleeve and the transition sleeve are combined to ensure the variability of the shaft diameter of the dual shaft. The driving disc with unevenly distributed connection points cooperates with the crank-connecting rod mechanism to provide multiple swing angles. Multiple measures jointly ensure the feasibility of the test bench for friction and wear tests on multi-specification shaft seats. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a front view of the test device of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the test device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the test device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the test device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the crank-connecting rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inner bearing base of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the limiting base of the present invention; Figure 8 The structure diagram of the oil cylinder loading system of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 1 ; Figure 9 The structure diagram of the oil cylinder loading system of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 2 ; Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the outer bearing base of the present invention; Figure 11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the test table of the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the track translation system of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the shaft seat test piece; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft sleeve force during actual excavation operations; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the shaft sleeve force when the test bench simulates excavation operations.

[0037] In the figure: 1. Drive motor; 2. Reducer; 3. Crank-connecting rod mechanism; 31. Crank; 32. Disc; 33. Connection point; 34. Crank-connecting rod base; 4. Torque measurement system; 5. Inner bearing base; 51. Inner base mounting hole; 52. Inner flange expansion sleeve; 53. Inner spherical roller bearing; 6. Limit base; 61. Limit base mounting hole; 62. Screw; 63. Limit block; 7. Shaft seat test piece; 8. Cylinder loading system; 81. Cylinder base mounting hole; 82. Loading cylinder; 83. Loading top mounting hole; 84. Cylinder mounting hole; 85. Cylinder translation mounting hole; 86. Curved bracket; 87. Plate with hole; 88. Loading rod; 89. Pressure sensor mounting plate; 801. Cylinder base; 802. Pressure sensor; 803. Connecting plate; 871. Guide tube; 9. Outer bearing base; 91. Outer base mounting hole; 92. Outer flange expansion sleeve; 93. Outer spherical roller bearing; 10. Test table; 101. Inner bearing base mounting hole; 102. Outer bearing base mounting hole; 103. Table loading top mounting hole; 104. Table limit base mounting hole; 11. Track translation system; 111. Translation drive device; 112. Translation screw; 113. Translation base; 114. Convex groove track; 115. Translation slider; 116. Track translation mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that when terms such as "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", and "outside" appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on this embodiment.

[0040] like Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the excavator axle seat is mainly divided into a boom axle seat and a stick axle seat, with a sliding sleeve installed on each side of the axle seat. The sleeve and the axle seat have an interference fit, and the shaft hole of the axle seat has a clearance fit with the pin. The pin is longer than the axle seat and protrudes from the shaft holes on both sides. The pin passes through the mounting seats on both sides, and the mounting seats are not shown in the figure; when the excavator is working, the boom and the stick are force transmission components, which transmit the load to the mounting seat through the axle seat and the pin. As the excavator repeatedly digs, the sliding sleeve in the axle seat and the pin repeatedly rub against each other, causing wear; the main function of this test bench is to simulate the friction and wear behavior of the pin and the axle seat during excavation operations, and by loading the outer surface of the axle seat in coordination with the swing of the pin, the pressure on the axle seat and the swing torque of the pin are detected, the friction force and friction coefficient are detected, and it is judged whether the friction is abnormal and whether abnormal wear behavior occurs.

[0041] like Figure 14 As shown, in actual excavation operation: the pin and the mounting seat are stationary, the boom or arm and the shaft seat swing back and forth, the shaft seat applies force, the pin is subjected to force, and the pin and the sleeve rub back and forth; however, this test simulation is more laborious and requires more equipment, so the force mode in this experimental design is as follows Figure 15 As shown, the shaft seat and the mounting seat are stationary, the pin shaft swings back and forth, exerting pressure on the shaft sleeves on both sides of the shaft seat. The pin shaft is subjected to force, and the pin shaft and the shaft sleeve rub back and forth. Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a friction and wear test device for shaft seats of various specifications, including a test table 10, an assembled fixture, a crank-connecting rod mechanism 3, and a cylinder loading system 8; The assembled fixture is set on the test table 10 and is used to clamp the dual shaft; the dual shaft is used to install the shaft seat test piece 7; the assembled fixture includes an inner bearing base 5 and an outer bearing base 9, both of which are movably mounted on the test table 10; The dual shaft is rotatably connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism 3 through the torque metering system 4, thereby realizing the swing friction test of the dual shaft in the shaft seat test piece 7; The oil cylinder loading system 8 is arranged below the shaft seat test piece 7 and is used to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece 7 .

[0043] Implementation principle: By movably mounting the inner bearing base 5 and the outer bearing base 9 on the test table 10, the distance between the inner and outer bearing bases can be adjusted to accommodate shaft seats of different lengths and to perform friction and wear tests on shaft seats of various specifications.

[0044] The torque measurement system 4 measures the torque required to rotate the pin during the pin's swinging friction process. The torque value can be used to calculate the friction force required for the pin's swinging. The torque sensor of the torque measurement system 4 can be a torsional strain sensor, model HX901. Example 2

[0045] Based on the same design principle as Example 1, this embodiment provides a friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of multiple specifications.

[0046] Attachment Figures 1 to 4 The figure shows the assembly of a friction and wear test device for axle seats of various specifications. The test device comprises 11 components: a drive motor 1, a reducer 2, a crank-connecting rod mechanism 3, a torque metering system 4, an inner bearing base 5, a limit base 6, an axle seat test piece 7, a cylinder loading system 8, an outer bearing base 9, a test table 10, and a track translation system 11. The device performs a swinging friction test on the dual shaft within the axle seat test piece 7. During the test, the axle seat test piece 7 is subjected to radial pressure provided by the cylinder loading system 8, simulating the friction and wear conditions of the axle seat during actual excavation by the excavator's working device.

[0047] Crank connecting rod mechanism 3 Figure 5 As shown, it includes a crank 31, a disc 32, a connecting point 33, and a crank-connecting rod base 34; the crank-connecting rod base 34 is used to be fixed on the test bench 10 and connected to the disc 32 through the crank 31; the disc 32 has multiple connecting points 33 unevenly distributed, corresponding to multiple swing angles of the crank 31; one end of the crank 31 is hinged to the crank-connecting rod base 34, and the other end is assembled and connected to the connecting point 33. By adjusting the position of the connecting point 33 on the disc 32 and replacing the corresponding crank 31, the friction swing angle of the test dual axis can be adapted to the changing requirements.

[0048] The hinge point of crank 31 and disk 32 is hinged via a pin, converting the rotation of disk 32 into a rocking motion. The hinge points on disk 32 are located at varying distances from the center of disk 32; connecting crank 31 to different hinge points produces different rocking angles. Crank 31 is typically constructed from two hinged crank rods, but multiple crank rods are possible. Crank rod one is hinged at one end to crank connecting rod base 34 via a pin, and its other end is pivotally connected to crank rod two. Crank rod two is hinged at one end to crank rod one, and its other end is pivotally connected to the hinge point of disk 32 via a pin.

[0049] Cylinder loading system 8 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, it includes a connecting plate 803 slidably connected to the track translation system 11, a cylinder base 801 fixedly connected to the connecting plate 803, a loading cylinder 82 connected to the cylinder base 801, and a loading top seat connected to the cylinder through a pressure transmission mechanism; The loading top seat includes a flat plate 87 with a hole; The test table 10 is provided with vertical through holes; A guide hole is provided on the perforated plate 87, and a guide tube 871 is provided below the guide hole; an inner hole is provided in the guide tube 871 and is communicated with the guide hole; the perforated plate 87 is fixed to the test table 10 through the loading top mounting hole 83, and the guide tube 871 is passed through the through hole; The pressure transmission mechanism includes a pressure sensor mounting plate 89, a pressure sensor 802, a loading straight rod 88 and an arc bracket 86; The upper surface of the pressure sensor mounting plate 89 is processed with pits for fitting the pressure sensor 802 , and the lower surface is provided with multiple sets of threaded holes for fixed connection with the top of the loading cylinder 82 , thereby transmitting the pressure of the bottom loading cylinder 82 upward.

[0050] Specifically, the upper surface of the pressure sensor mounting plate 89 is processed with a recessed hole to fit the pressure sensor 802; the lower surface is processed with three groups of threaded holes on the left, middle and right to match the installation of three loading cylinders 82; thereby transmitting the pressure of the bottom loading cylinder 82 upward; the lower surface of the pressure sensor mounting plate 89 is designed with three groups of cylinder mounting holes 84 on the left, middle and right to fit one cylinder on each side. Figure 8 As shown, two hydraulic cylinder loading systems 8 are mounted, one at each end of the shaft seat test piece 7. The curved brackets 86 of the hydraulic cylinder loading systems 8 act on the outer surface of the shaft seat test piece 7, generating radial pressure between the shaft seat and the pin. The friction force of the pin varies with the radial pressure of the hydraulic cylinder loading systems 8, thus simulating different load conditions.

[0051] The pressure sensor mounting plate 89 can also be installed with a separate oil cylinder in the middle. Figure 9As shown, it can switch between double cylinders and single cylinder at will to meet the needs of test loading force transformation.

[0052] The bottom of the pressure sensor 802 is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor mounting plate 89, and the top is connected to the loading straight rod 88; the pressure sensor 802 is used to record the total pressure of the loading cylinder 82 on the shaft seat test piece 7; The loading rod 88 vertically passes through the guide tube 871 and extends out of the test bench 10, and the top is fixedly connected to the arc bracket 86; The upper surface of the arc bracket 86 is provided with an arc surface that fits the outer surface of the shaft seat for contacting the shaft seat. The loading position of the arc bracket 86 is located outside the shaft seat, close to the outside of the shaft seat, and is the same horizontal position as the shaft sleeve position in the shaft seat.

[0053] Test bench 10 Figure 11 As shown, multiple rows of threaded holes are designed, including an inner bearing base mounting hole 101, an outer bearing base mounting hole 102, a table loading top seat mounting hole 103, a table limiting base mounting hole 104, etc. The inner bearing base mounting hole 101 matches the inner base mounting hole 51, the outer bearing base mounting hole 102 matches the outer base mounting hole 91, the table loading top seat mounting hole 103 matches the loading top seat mounting hole 83, and the table limiting base mounting hole 104 matches the limiting base mounting hole 61. All of them are connected with corresponding fixed bases with bolts to meet the requirements of size changes of the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0054] The inner bearing base 5 is as shown Figure 6 As shown, it includes an inner base mounting hole 51, an inner flange expansion transition sleeve 52, an inner spherical roller bearing 53 and other parts. The inner flange expansion transition sleeves 52 of different specifications are assembled in the inner bearing base 5 to install test dual shafts with different shaft diameters and prevent the test dual shafts from axial movement.

[0055] Outer bearing base 9 as Figure 10 As shown, the structure is similar to the inner bearing base 5. It is provided with an outer base mounting hole 91. The outermost spherical roller bearing 93 is assembled on the outermost side of the test dual shaft. The outer flange expansion sleeve 92 is installed in the bearing seat to match the required diameter change of the test dual shaft and reduce the impact of the dual shaft swing.

[0056] Limit base 6 Figure 7 As shown, the limiting base 6 includes a base fixed on the test table 10, a screw 62 rotatably connected to the base, and a limiting block 63 connected to the end of the screw 62; the bottom of the base is provided with a limiting base mounting hole 61 for connection to the test table 10, and the top is provided with a limiting threaded hole axially perpendicular to the inner axis of the shaft seat test piece 7; the screw 62 rotatably engages in the limiting threaded hole.

[0057] The screw 62 is sleeved with nuts on both sides of the limiting threaded hole. The screw 62 passes through the limiting hole on the limiting base 6, and is fixed with nuts on both sides of the limiting hole. The nuts on the outer side of the limiting hole are matched with loose washers. First, screw the screw 62 to make the limiting block 63 rest against the side of the shaft seat, and then tighten the nuts on both sides of the limiting hole to fix the screw 62 to the limiting base 6. The screw 62 passes through the vertical plate of the limiting base 6, and there are nuts on both sides of the vertical plate to limit the screw 62 to the vertical plate so that it does not move horizontally, ensuring that the limiting block 63 does not slide relative to the shaft seat (test piece) when it is subjected to friction generated by the swinging.

[0058] Preferably, the limit base 6 includes four limit bases 6, which are fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece 7. By adjusting the screw 62, the limit block 63 is made close to the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece 7. It is suitable for shaft seat test pieces 7 of different specifications to prevent them from axial rotation.

[0059] Track translation system 11 as Figure 12 As shown, it includes a translation drive device 111, a translation screw 112, a translation base 113, a convex groove track 114, and a translation slider 115; the translation base 113 is fixed at the end of the convex groove track 114, and the translation drive device 111 is arranged on it; the translation slider 115 is slidingly arranged in the convex groove track 114, and the convex groove track 114 is slidingly connected to the cylinder loading system 8 through the translation slider 115; the translation drive device 111 is connected to the translation screw 112, and the end of the translation screw is provided with a track translation mounting hole 116, and one end of the translation screw 112 is connected to the cylinder loading system 8, so that by rotating the driving shaft of the translation drive device 111, the translation screw 112 is rotated, driving the outer cylinder loading system 8 to move along the convex groove track 114.

[0060] To facilitate installation, the loading cylinder 82 is provided with a cylinder base mounting hole 81 , a cylinder mounting hole 84 and a cylinder translation mounting hole 85 .

[0061] The track translation mounting hole 116 and the outermost cylinder translation mounting hole 85 are connected by bolts, and the translation slider 115 and the outer cylinder base mounting hole 81 are connected by bolts. By rotating the driving shaft of the translation drive device 111, the translation screw 112 is rotated, driving the outer cylinder loading system 8 to move along the convex groove track 114 to adapt to the different lengths of the shaft seat test piece 7 and the resulting changes in the loading position of the cylinder loading system 8.

[0062] The bottom of the cylinder base 801 slides within the convex grooved track 114. The translation screw 112 is translationally connected to the cylinder base 801 via a translation seat. The translation seat is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder base 801 via translation mounting holes. A bearing is provided between the translation screw 112 and the translation seat. The cylinder base 801 is fixed in the groove of the bottom plate, namely the convex grooved track 114, and can only move translationally, not rotationally. When the rocker of the translation drive device 111 is rotated, the translation screw 112 rotates, and the translation seat bearings ensure that the cylinder base 801 moves without rotating.

[0063] The connecting plate 803 is provided with multiple rows of threaded holes, and the bottom of the oil cylinder base 801 is provided with a connecting hole; by aligning the threaded holes with the connecting holes, one or more oil cylinder bases 801 are fixed to the connecting plate 803; A cylinder mounting hole 84 is provided on the top of the cylinder base 801 for mounting the loading cylinder 82 .

[0064] The connecting plate 803 is provided with multiple groups of threaded holes on the left, middle and right sides to meet the requirements of arbitrary switching between double cylinders and single cylinders and adapt to the needs of loading force transformation.

[0065] Preferably, there are multiple connecting plates 803. Multiple loading cylinders 82 can be loaded, and the cylinder base 801 moves along the groove track to adjust the distance between the inner and outer cylinders so that the loading position is always located at specific positions at both ends of the shaft seat, thereby adapting to the length change of the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0066] This embodiment provides a method of use based on the above technical solution, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the device: Install the inner bearing base 5 and the outer bearing base 9 on the test table 10, and adjust the distance between the inner bearing base 5 and the outer bearing base 9 according to the size of the shaft seat test piece 7; Clamp the dual shaft on the assembly fixture, and install the shaft seat test piece 7 on the test table 10 through the dual shaft; Rotate the dual shaft to the crank-connecting rod mechanism 3 and install the torque metering system 4; Connect the oil cylinder loading system 8 to the bottom of the shaft seat test piece 7; Start the crank-connecting rod mechanism 3 to drive the dual shaft to rotate, start the cylinder loading system 8 to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece 7, and start the test.

[0067] Adjust the swing angle of the test dual shaft to the nearest connection point 33 according to the swing angle required by the actual working condition of the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0068] Step 2: Adjust the cylinder loading system 8. The positions of the top mounting hole 83, base mounting hole, and translation slider 115 are determined based on the length of the axle seat test piece 7. The number of required loading cylinders 82 is determined based on the loading force of the axle seat test piece 7. Each cylinder actually loads 350 kN. If the required loading force of the test piece (axle seat) is between 350 kN and 700 kN, two cylinders are used for loading. If the load is less than 350 kN, a single cylinder can be used.

[0069] Step three: replace the inner flange expansion sleeve 52 of the inner bearing base 5 and the outer flange expansion sleeve 92 of the outer bearing base 9 to match the shaft diameter of the test dual shaft.

[0070] Step 4: Install the test dual shaft and the shaft seat test piece 7. First install the test dual shaft, and then install the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0071] Step 5: Adjust the base. According to the position of the shaft seat test piece 7, determine the positions of the four limit bases 6 and the outer bearing base 9 on the left and right sides.

[0072] Step 6: Start the drive motor 1 first. After the test dual shaft swings smoothly, start the cylinder loading system 8. The pressure sensor 802 records the pressure of the cylinder loading on the shaft seat (test piece); gradually increase the load to the required loading force.

[0073] Step seven, start the test and record the friction data between the shaft seat test piece 7 and the dual shaft until the test is completed.

[0074] The torque between the dual shaft and the shaft seat test piece 7 is measured by the torque measurement system 4, and the friction force is recorded. The friction force is obtained by the ratio of the torque obtained by the torque sensor to the dual shaft radius; The pressure applied by the oil cylinder to the shaft seat (test piece) is recorded through the pressure sensor 802; Calculate the coefficient of friction, which is the ratio of friction to pressure; Step eight, after the test is completed, first unload the loading force of the cylinder loading system 8, then stop the drive motor 1, then disassemble the limit base 6 and the outer bearing base 9, and finally take out the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0075] This embodiment designs a multi-specification assembled shaft seat friction and wear testing device and its use method. Its test table 10 is designed with multiple rows of threaded holes. According to the specifications and dimensions of the shaft seat test piece 7, the fixed base is installed at the corresponding position with bolts to limit the movement of the dual shaft and the rotation of the shaft seat.

[0076] The test device uses an assembled pressure loading tooling to transmit the cylinder pressure. Three groups of threaded holes are set on the left, middle and right sides of the connecting base plate to meet the requirements of arbitrary switching between double cylinders and single cylinders and adapt to the needs of loading force changes.

[0077] The outer cylinder base 801 of the test device can move along the groove track to adjust the distance between the inner and outer cylinders so that the loading position is always located at the specific positions at both ends of the shaft seat, thereby adapting to the length change of the test piece.

[0078] The test dual shaft is equipped with an outer spherical roller bearing 93 and an inner spherical roller bearing 53, and the inner flange expansion transition sleeve 52 and the outer flange expansion transition sleeve 92 are installed in the bearing seat to match the test dual shaft diameter change requirements and reduce the swing impact of the dual shaft.

[0079] The dual-axis swing loading system of the test device adopts a disk 32 type crank connecting rod mechanism 33. The disk 32 has multiple non-uniformly distributed connection points 33 corresponding to multiple swing angles. It cooperates with cranks 31 of different sizes to achieve adjustment of different swing angles.

[0080] The test device involved in the present invention can meet the friction and wear test requirements of various specifications of axle seats of 10-87 tonnage excavators. The axle seat test piece 7 mainly includes the boom tail axle seat of the working device, the bucket arm I axis, II axis, and III axis. Other types of applicable axle seats are also within the scope of the present invention. The test device of the present invention comprises a test table 10 comprising two steel plates, the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, which can be connected by bolt assembly or welding joints. Example 3

[0081] This embodiment provides a method of use, based on the test device of Example 2, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the device: Install the inner bearing base 5 and the outer bearing base 9 on the test table 10, and adjust the distance between the inner bearing base 5 and the outer bearing base 9 according to the size of the shaft seat test piece 7; Clamp the dual shaft on the assembly fixture, and install the shaft seat test piece 7 on the test table 10 through the dual shaft; Rotate the dual shaft to the crank-connecting rod mechanism 3 and install the torque metering system 4; Connect the oil cylinder loading system 8 to the bottom of the shaft seat test piece 7; Start the crank-connecting rod mechanism 3 to drive the dual shaft to rotate, start the cylinder loading system 8 to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece 7, and start the test.

[0082] Adjust the swing angle of the test dual shaft to the nearest connection point 33 according to the swing angle required by the actual working condition of the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0083] Step 2: Adjust the cylinder loading system 8. The positions of the top mounting hole 83, base mounting hole, and translation slider 115 are determined based on the length of the axle seat test piece 7. The number of required loading cylinders 82 is determined based on the loading force of the axle seat test piece 7. Each cylinder actually loads 350 kN. If the required loading force of the test piece (axle seat) is between 350 kN and 700 kN, two cylinders are used for loading. If the load is less than 350 kN, a single cylinder can be used.

[0084] Step three: replace the inner flange expansion sleeve 52 of the inner bearing base 5 and the outer flange expansion sleeve 92 of the outer bearing base 9 to match the shaft diameter of the test dual shaft.

[0085] Step 4: Install the test dual shaft and the shaft seat test piece 7. First install the test dual shaft, and then install the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0086] Step 5: Adjust the base. According to the position of the shaft seat test piece 7, determine the positions of the four limit bases 6 and the outer bearing base 9 on the left and right sides.

[0087] Step 6: Start the drive motor 1 first. After the test dual shaft swings smoothly, start the cylinder loading system 8. The pressure sensor 802 records the pressure of the cylinder loading on the shaft seat (test piece); gradually increase the load to the required loading force.

[0088] Step seven, start the test and record the friction data between the shaft seat test piece 7 and the dual shaft until the test is completed.

[0089] The torque between the dual shaft and the shaft seat test piece 7 is measured by the torque measurement system 4, and the friction force is recorded. The friction force is obtained by the ratio of the torque obtained by the torque sensor to the dual shaft radius; The pressure applied by the oil cylinder to the shaft seat (test piece) is recorded through the pressure sensor 802; Calculate the coefficient of friction, which is the ratio of friction to pressure; Step eight, after the test is completed, first unload the loading force of the cylinder loading system 8, then stop the drive motor 1, then disassemble the limit base 6 and the outer bearing base 9, and finally take out the shaft seat test piece 7.

[0090] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features being referred to. Thus, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0091] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0092] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0093] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Throughout this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0094] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction and wear test device for shaft seats of multiple specifications, characterized in that: Including test bench, assembly fixture, crank-connecting rod mechanism and cylinder loading system; The assembled fixture is set on the test table and is used to clamp the dual shaft; the dual shaft is used to install the shaft seat test piece; the assembled fixture includes an inner bearing base and an outer bearing base, both of which are movably mounted on the test table; The dual shaft is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism through a torque metering system, so as to realize the swing friction test of the dual shaft in the shaft seat test piece. The oil cylinder loading system is arranged below the shaft seat test piece and is used to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece.

2. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bearing base is arranged close to the crank-connecting rod mechanism, and the outer bearing base is arranged away from the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The inner bearing base and the outer bearing base are provided with coaxial transverse through holes. The transverse through holes of the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base are both provided with spherical roller bearings and flange expansion transition sleeves.

3. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that: A track translation system is provided at the bottom of the cylinder loading system; the track translation system is used to drive the cylinder loading system to move along the central axis of the test piece of the shaft seat; The track translation system includes a translation drive device, a translation screw, a translation base, a convex groove track, and a translation slider; The translation base is fixed to the end of the convex groove track, and a translation driving device is arranged on it; A translation slider is slidably arranged in the convex groove track, and the convex groove track is slidably connected to the cylinder loading system through the translation slider; The translation drive device is connected to the translation screw, and one end of the translation screw is connected to the cylinder loading system. By rotating the driving shaft of the translation drive device, the translation screw is rotated, driving the outer cylinder loading system to move along the convex groove track.

4. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil cylinder loading system includes a connecting plate slidably connected to the track translation system, an oil cylinder base fixedly connected to the connecting plate, a loading oil cylinder connected to the oil cylinder base, and a loading top seat connected to the oil cylinder through a pressure transmission mechanism; The loading top seat includes a flat plate with a hole; A vertical through hole is provided on the test bench; A guide hole is provided on the perforated plate, and a guide tube is provided below the guide hole; an inner hole communicating with the guide hole is provided in the guide tube; the perforated plate is fixed on the test table, and the guide tube is passed through the through hole; The pressure transmission mechanism includes a pressure sensor mounting plate, a pressure sensor, a loading straight rod and an arc bracket; The upper surface of the pressure sensor mounting plate is machined with pits for mounting the pressure sensor, and the lower surface is provided with multiple sets of threaded holes for fixed connection with the top of the loading cylinder, thereby transmitting the pressure of the bottom loading cylinder upward; The bottom of the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor mounting plate, and the top is connected to the loading straight rod; The pressure sensor is used to record the total pressure of the loading cylinder on the shaft seat test piece; The loading rod passes vertically through the guide tube and extends out of the test bench, and the top is fixedly connected to the arc bracket; The upper surface of the arc-shaped bracket is provided with an arc surface that fits the outer surface of the shaft seat and is used for contacting the shaft seat.

5. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two oil cylinder loading systems, which respectively connect the test piece to the two ends of the outer cylindrical surface of the shaft seat.

6. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the oil cylinder base is slidably connected in the convex groove track; The translation screw is translationally connected to the oil cylinder base through the translation seat; the translation seat is fixedly connected to the side of the oil cylinder base through the translation mounting hole; a bearing is provided between the translation screw and the translation seat; The number of oil cylinder bases can be detachably connected to the connecting plate.

7. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting plate is provided with multiple rows of threaded holes, and the bottom of the oil cylinder base is provided with a connecting hole; one or more oil cylinder bases are fixed to the connecting plate by aligning the threaded holes with the connecting holes; A cylinder mounting hole is provided on the top of the cylinder base for installing the loading cylinder.

8. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank-connecting rod mechanism includes a crank, a disc, a connecting point, and a crank-connecting rod base; The crank connection base is used to be fixed on the test bench and connected to the disc through the crank; The disc has multiple connection points that are unevenly distributed, corresponding to the multiple swing angles of the crank; One end of the crank is hinged to the crank connection base, and the other end is connected to the connection hinge assembly. By adjusting the connection hinge position on the disc and replacing the corresponding crank, the friction swing angle of the test dual shaft can be adapted to the changing requirements.

9. The friction and wear testing device for shaft seats of various specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test device also includes a limit base for limiting the radial movement and axial rotation of the shaft seat test piece; The limiting base includes a base fixed on the test table, a screw connected to the base by rotation, and a limiting block connected to the end of the screw; The bottom of the base is provided with a limiting base mounting hole for connecting to the test table, and the top is provided with a limiting threaded hole whose axial direction is perpendicular to the inner axis of the test piece of the shaft seat; The screw rotates and engages in the limiting threaded hole; The limit base includes four limit bases, which are fixed at symmetrical positions on the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece. By adjusting the screw, the limit blocks are made close to the left and right sides of the shaft seat test piece to prevent it from axial rotation.

10. A method for using a friction and wear test device for shaft seats of various specifications, based on the friction and wear test device for shaft seats of various specifications according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: Install the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base on the test bench, and adjust the distance between the inner bearing base and the outer bearing base according to the size of the shaft seat test piece; Clamp the dual shaft on the assembly fixture, and install the shaft seat test piece on the test table through the dual shaft; Rotatingly connecting the dual shaft to the crank-connecting rod mechanism; Connect the cylinder loading system to the bottom of the test piece on the shaft seat; Start the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive the dual shaft to rotate, start the cylinder loading system to provide radial pressure to the shaft seat test piece, and start the test.

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