Special liquid fertilizer for potatoes and preparation method
Through the formulation and specific mixing process of special liquid fertilizer for potatoes, the problem of low fertilizer utilization in potato fertilization is solved, and the potato yield and stress resistance are significantly improved. It is especially suitable for efficient cultivation in saline-alkali and arid areas in Xinjiang.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510048186.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has problems in potato fertilization with low fertilizer utilization and limited soil structure improvement effects, especially in drought and saline-alkali soil conditions, potato growth and yield are restricted.
The formula of special liquid fertilizer for potatoes is adopted, including chlorophoric acid concentrate, amino acid concentrate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, liquid nitrogen fertilizer, urea phosphate, potassium formate, boric acid and functional additives. Through specific mixing and stirring processes, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is improved, and complex bacterial groups such as marine peptides and Bacillus subtilis and active enzymes are added to improve soil structure and promote plant growth.
It significantly improves potato yield, enhances the stress resistance and root development of potatoes, is easy to operate, and is especially suitable for use in saline and arid areas in Xinjiang, providing a practical and feasible way to efficient planting.
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Figure CN120483826A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizers, in particular to a special fertilizer for potatoes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Potatoes have high soil fertility requirements, and appropriate fertilization is key to increasing their yield. Currently, while conventional fertilization methods can provide basic nutrients, they are limited in their effectiveness in increasing fertilizer utilization, improving soil structure, and promoting plant growth. Fertilization procedures are cumbersome, and potato growth and yield are often restricted, especially in drought and saline-alkali soil conditions. Therefore, research into how to increase potato yields through the development of specialized potato fertilizers is of great significance.
[0003] Therefore we have proposed a special liquid fertilizer for potatoes and a preparation method thereof, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the current market raised by the above background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes, comprising the following components: 100-150 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, 60-100 parts of amino acid concentrate, 200-410 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 90-190 parts of potassium hydroxide, 60-100 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 parts of urea phosphate, 90-120 parts of potassium formate, 30-50 parts of boric acid, and 100-150 parts of functional additives.
[0006] A preparation method of liquid fertilizer special for potatoes, the specific method is as follows: (1) After adding water to the container, add monoammonium phosphate and stir to dissolve, then slowly add potassium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved. Cool to 50°C, then add liquid nitrogen fertilizer, fulvic acid concentrate, amino acid concentrate in sequence, stir and mix, then add boric acid until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution. The products obtained by the reaction exist in an ionic state, which greatly improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
[0007] (2) Add potassium formate to water and dissolve it for later use. Potassium formate can control the pH value of the soil, reduce ammonia volatilization from the soil, activate trace elements such as calcium and magnesium in the soil, increase the effectiveness of these elements, reduce ammonia volatilization, and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby improving soil structure and increasing soil fertility.
[0008] (3) Urea phosphate is added to water and dissolved for later use. Urea phosphate can control the pH value of the soil, reduce ammonia volatilization from the soil, activate trace elements such as calcium and magnesium in the soil, increase the effectiveness of these elements, reduce ammonia volatilization, and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby improving soil structure and increasing soil fertility.
[0009] (4) The functional additives are dissolved in water and set aside; (5) Slowly pour the liquid prepared in step (2) into the mixed liquid prepared in step (1), stir and mix, then add (3), stir and mix, then add (4) to obtain a high-efficiency liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid for potatoes.
[0010] Preferably, the functional additive comprises: a mixture of 0.1-0.5 parts of marine polypeptides, 0.5-3 parts of complex bacterial flora such as Bacillus subtilis and active enzymes, 0.1-2 parts of chitosan, and 1-5 parts of wood vinegar.
[0011] Preferably, the active enzymes are sucrose synthase and plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase.
[0012] Preferably, the functional additives contain at least three of the five substances mentioned above. Marine peptides and active enzymes can improve the efficiency of plant absorption of nutrients and promote plant growth. As biostimulants, they promote the growth and development of plant roots. Microorganisms in the complex flora, such as Bacillus subtilis, can increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and promote the balance of the soil ecosystem. Chitosan helps improve the physical structure of the soil, increase its water retention and air permeability, and is beneficial to root development. Wood vinegar is a natural organic acid solution whose main components include acetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. It is effective in killing insects, killing bacteria, and reducing soil salinity. Adding wood vinegar to the product can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases in potatoes.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This potato-specific fertilizer performed better than conventional fertilization, significantly increasing potato yields and further demonstrating its potential in promoting plant growth and increasing crop yields.
[0014] By adding functional additives, such as marine polypeptides, complex bacterial communities such as Bacillus subtilis, active enzymes, chitosan, wood vinegar, etc., the biological activity of the fertilizer is effectively improved, the development of potato roots and the absorption and utilization of nutrients are promoted, and the potato's resistance to stress is enhanced.
[0015] 3. The special fertilizer products and usage methods studied in this study are not only easy to operate but also highly applicable. They are particularly suitable for promotion and application in saline-alkali and arid areas of Xinjiang. This provides a practical way for efficient potato cultivation and has important practical significance for promoting crop growth and increasing crop yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the basic conditions of soil nutrients used in this study; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the potato field trial site in 2023 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional fertilizer topdressing scheme for potatoes during the entire growth period of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a topdressing scheme for potato during the entire growth period using a special fertilizer according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is the effect of different fertilization treatments on potato plant height in the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the effect of different fertilization treatments on potato diameter; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the effects of different fertilization treatments on potato SPAD values according to the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the effects of different fertilization treatments on aboveground dry matter content of potatoes according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a dendrogram showing the effects of different fertilization treatments on potato yield according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a table showing the effect of different fertilization treatments on potato yields according to the present invention; Figure 11 This is a bar graph showing the yield of potato variety Wotu No. 5 under different fertilization treatments of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a bar graph of potato yield of Xisen No. 6 variety under different fertilization treatments of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a table chart showing the potato yield of varieties Wotu No. 5 and Xisen No. 6 under different fertilization treatments of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the actual data monitoring of the test field of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the actual potato yield in the demonstration field of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example
[0018] An embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes, comprising the following raw materials: Experimental potato special formula 1 (F1): 100 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, 60 parts of amino acid concentrate, 300 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 150 parts of potassium hydroxide, 80 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 50 parts of urea phosphate, 90 parts of potassium formate, 30 parts of boric acid, 100 parts of functional additives, add water to make up to 1000 parts.
[0019] The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for potatoes of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1: After adding water to a container, add 300 parts of monoammonium phosphate and stir to dissolve, then slowly add 150 parts of potassium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved. Cool to 50°C, then add 80 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 100 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, and 60 parts of amino acid concentrate in sequence, stir to mix, and then add 30 parts of boric acid until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution. Step 2: Add 90 parts of potassium formate into water and dissolve for later use; Step 3: Add 50 parts of urea phosphate into water and dissolve for later use; Step 4: Dissolve 100 parts of the functional additive in water for later use; Step 5: Slowly pour the potassium formate solution prepared in step 2 into the mixed solution prepared in step 1, stir and mix, then add the urea phosphate solution prepared in step 3, stir and mix, then add the functional additive prepared in step 4 to obtain a high-efficiency liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid for potatoes. Example
[0020] A second liquid fertilizer for potatoes provided by one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Experimental potato special formula 2 (F2): 120 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, 80 parts of amino acid concentrate, 310 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 140 parts of potassium hydroxide, 60 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 30 parts of urea phosphate, 100 parts of potassium formate, 35 parts of boric acid, and 120 parts of functional additives, and add water to make up to 1000 parts.
[0021] The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for potatoes of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1: After adding water to a container, add 310 parts of monoammonium phosphate and stir to dissolve, then slowly add 140 parts of potassium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved. Cool to 50°C, then add 60 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 120 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, and 80 parts of amino acid concentrate in sequence, stir to mix, and then add 35 parts of boric acid until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution. Step 2: Add 100 parts of potassium formate into water and dissolve it for later use; Step 3: Add 30 parts of urea phosphate into water and dissolve for later use; Step 4: Dissolve 120 parts of functional additives in water for later use; Step 5: Slowly pour the potassium formate solution prepared in step 2 into the mixed solution prepared in step 1, stir and mix, then add the urea phosphate solution prepared in step 3, stir and mix, then add the functional additive prepared in step 4 to obtain a high-efficiency liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid for potatoes. Example
[0022] A third liquid fertilizer for potatoes provided by one embodiment of the present invention includes the following raw materials: The potato-specific formula fertilizer 3 (F3) used in the experiment: 150 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, 80 parts of amino acid concentrate, 200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 90 parts of potassium hydroxide, 50 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 40 parts of urea phosphate, 120 parts of potassium formate, 40 parts of boric acid, 130 parts of functional additives, and water was added to make up to 1000 parts.
[0023] The preparation method of the special liquid fertilizer for potatoes of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1: After adding water to a container, add 200 parts of monoammonium phosphate and stir to dissolve, then slowly add 90 parts of potassium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved. Cool to 50°C, add 50 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 150 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, and 80 parts of amino acid concentrate in sequence, stir to mix, and then add 40 parts of boric acid until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution. Step 2: Add 120 parts of potassium formate into water and dissolve for later use; Step 3: Add 40 parts of urea phosphate into water and dissolve for later use; Step 4: Dissolve 130 parts of functional additives in water for later use; Step 5: Slowly pour the potassium formate solution prepared in step 2 into the mixed solution prepared in step 1, stir and mix, then add the urea phosphate solution prepared in step 3, stir and mix, then add the functional additive prepared in step 4 to obtain a high-efficiency liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid for potatoes.
[0024] Control test example: The above examples were tested in Baicheng County and demonstrated on 100 acres.
[0025] Experimental location: Kangqi Township, Baicheng County Demonstration location: Group 3, Ayagqialo Village, Wushabash Town, Yecheng County, Kashgar Prefecture.
[0026] Test plan: Before planting crops, soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm to determine basic nutrients. Table 1 shows that the soil nutrient content is slightly salinized desert soil with a medium nutrient content.
[0027] like Figure 1As shown: This experiment was conducted in Baicheng County, Aksu (Baicheng Agricultural Experiment Station) in 2023. The experimental area is located at 81°54' 55.79" east longitude and 41°47' 46.94" north latitude. The experimental station is 1178.4m above sea level. The experimental location is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The experiment set up four different fertilization treatments, namely CF conventional fertilization and potato-specific fertilizer: F1, F2, and F3. To ensure the accuracy of the experiment and reduce the influence of human factors, soil fertility and climatic factors, each treatment was repeated three times, and a random block arrangement was adopted. The area of a single plot was 30 square meters. When drip fertigation is applied, the fertilizer is first dissolved in water and then drip fertigation is carried out through fertigation. The optimal formula was screened through field trials and field demonstrations were carried out in Baicheng County and Yecheng County in 2024.
[0028] Fertilization Plan: The application rates for conventional and special fertilizers are the same: 5kg urea, 14kg diammonium phosphate, and 15kg potassium sulfate per mu. During the growth period, topdress with conventional fertilizers: 15kg urea, 20kg diammonium phosphate, 25kg potassium sulfate, and 15kg compound fertilizer (17-17-17). For special fertilizers, topdress with 50kg during the growth period.
[0029] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown, the total amount of topdressing applied by traditional fertilization methods throughout the potato growth cycle (calculated by total nutrient content) exceeds that of specialized fertilizers. Traditional fertilization requires weighing multiple different types of fertilizers at different growth stages, dissolving them, and applying them through a drip irrigation system. In contrast, specialized fertilizers require only a single type of fertilizer at each growth stage, with the only additional additions being 10 kg of urea during the seedling stage and 5 kg of potassium sulfate during the starch accumulation phase. Because specialized fertilizers are in liquid form, they are significantly more convenient and quicker to use than traditional solid fertilizers.
[0030] Detection indicators: (1) Plant growth: During the entire growth period, three potato plants with different treatments were selected from each plot to represent the overall growth of the plot. Plant height, stem diameter, and SPAD value were measured and the average value was calculated. Plant height was measured with a tape measure with an accuracy of 1 cm, and stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. SPAD value was measured using a chlorophyll meter.
[0031] (2) Determination of the cumulative amount of dry matter in each growth stage of potato: Samples were taken at the seedling stage, bud stage, swelling stage, starch accumulation stage and maturity stage after potato sowing. Three plants were taken for each treatment. After removing the surface dirt, the stems, leaves and flowers (not included in the seedling stage) were separated and placed in an oven at 105°C for 30 min. Then, they were dried at 75°C to constant weight. The mass was weighed with a balance and the cumulative amount of dry matter per plant was calculated.
[0032] (3) Potato yield: At the harvest of the field trial, all potatoes in each plot were dug up, weighed, and their yield was measured, and this was repeated three times. At the harvest of the field demonstration, all potatoes in each plot were dug up, weighed, and their yield was measured, and this was repeated ten times.
[0033] 1. Effects of different fertilization treatments on potato plant height and stem diameter like Figure 1 As shown in the data, there was no significant difference in plant height between the potato seedling stage, bud stage, swelling stage and accumulation stage compared with the control group. Among them, the F2 treatment was higher than the control group throughout the potato growth period. In the investigation of stem diameter during the whole potato growth period, the stem diameter of potatoes treated with formula fertilizers at different ratios was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the potato-specific fertilizer promoted the growth of potatoes.
[0034] 2. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of potato leaves Depend on Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown in the investigation of chlorophyll content in potato seedling stage, bud stage, swelling stage and starch accumulation stage, the relative chlorophyll content of potatoes under different fertilization treatments was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the formulated fertilizers were beneficial to improving the chlorophyll synthesis in potato leaves.
[0035] 3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on aboveground dry matter of potato Depend on Figure 7-Figure 8 As shown in the investigation of aboveground dry matter mass of potato at seedling stage, bud stage, swelling stage, starch accumulation stage and maturity stage, the aboveground dry matter mass of potato under different fertilization treatments was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the formulated fertilizers were beneficial to improving the synthesis of aboveground dry matter of potato.
[0036] 4. Effects of different fertilization treatments on potato yield Depend on Figure 9-10 As shown in the results, it can be seen that the potato-specific fertilizer treatment significantly increased potato yield. Compared with the control group, the yield of F1 increased by 14.27%, the yield of F2 increased by 48.97%, and the yield of F3 increased by 26.15%.
[0037] 5. Effects of different fertilization treatments on potato field trials and demonstrations The optimal special fertilizer F2 selected from the field trials was demonstrated in 2024 on two potato varieties in Yecheng County: Wotu 5 and Xisen 6. Conventional fertilization served as the control. Data showed that different fertilization treatments had a highly significant effect on the yield and marketability of Wotu 5 and Xisen 6. The average yield of the two varieties with the special fertilizer F2 was as high as 89.46 t / ha and 76.89 t / ha, respectively. The control group had the lowest yield, with average yields of 70.28 t / ha and 60.99 t / ha, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization, the special fertilizer 2 increased yield by 27.29% and 26.07%, respectively. The marketability of the F2 was significantly higher than that of the conventional fertilization control group, reaching 94.3% and 88.5% for Wotu 5 and 93.66% and 88.99% for Xisen 6, respectively, representing increases of 6.55% and 5.25% over the control group. The results showed that the application of potato-specific fertilizer promoted the growth of potatoes and significantly increased the yield and commercial potato rate of potatoes.
[0038] like Figure 11-13 As shown: Figure annotations: (a) represents the field demonstration yield of Wotu No. 5 in Yecheng in 2024, and (b) represents the field demonstration yield of Xisen No. 6 in Yecheng County in 2024. Letters indicate significant differences among different fertilization treatments at the p < 0.05 level.
[0039] The above-mentioned fulvic acid concentrate is produced by Shandong Quanlin Group Co., Ltd.; the amino acid concentrate is produced by Sichuan Shihong Technology Co., Ltd.; and the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is produced by Xinjiang Yuxiang Populus euphratica Chemical Co., Ltd.
[0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A liquid fertilizer for potatoes, characterized in that: The following ingredients are included in parts by mass: Fulvic acid concentrate 100-150 parts Amino acid concentrate 60-100 parts 200-410 parts of monoammonium phosphate 90-190 parts potassium hydroxide 60-100 parts liquid nitrogen fertilizer 30-50 parts of urea phosphate 90-120 parts of potassium formate 30-50 parts of boric acid 100-150 parts of functional additives.
2. A liquid fertilizer for potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following ingredients are included in parts by mass: 120 parts of fulvic acid concentrate, 80 parts of amino acid concentrate, 310 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 140 parts of potassium hydroxide, 60 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 30 parts of urea phosphate, 100 parts of potassium formate, 35 parts of boric acid, and 120 parts of functional additives. Water is added to make up to 1000 parts.
3. A liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The functional additives include marine polypeptides, bacillus subtilis, active enzymes, chitosan, and wood vinegar, and the functional additives are configured to contain at least three of the five substances.
4. A liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The functional additive comprises: 0.1-0.5 parts of marine polypeptide, 0.5-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5-2 parts of active enzyme, 0.1-2 parts of chitosan, and 1-5 parts of wood vinegar.
5. A liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active enzymes are sucrose synthase and plant proton pump pyrophosphatase.
6. The method for preparing a liquid fertilizer specifically for potatoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After adding water to a container, add monoammonium phosphate and stir to dissolve, slowly add potassium hydroxide and stir until completely dissolved, cool to 50°C, add liquid nitrogen fertilizer, fulvic acid concentrate, and amino acid concentrate in sequence, stir to mix, and then add boric acid until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; Step 2: Add potassium formate into water and dissolve it for later use; Step 3: Add urea phosphate into water and dissolve it for later use; Step 4: dissolve the functional additive in water for later use; Step 5: Slowly pour the potassium formate solution prepared in step 2 into the mixed solution prepared in step 1, stir and mix, then add the urea phosphate solution prepared in step 3, stir and mix, then add the functional additive prepared in step 4 to obtain a high-efficiency liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid for potatoes.