Multifunctional test loading device for simulating bending, shearing and twisting performance of wind power tower

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional test loading device for simulating bending shear torsion performance of a wind power tower, which comprises a counter-force column, a counter-force longitudinal beam, a counter-force cross beam and four actuators, and is characterized in that the counter-force cross beam is fixed at the top of the counter-force longitudinal beam through a bolt and is connected with a first actuator for axially applying pressure; the bottom of the tower drum is connected and fixed through a loading support with a kidney-shaped hole, and the end of the tower drum is connected with a loading beam through a conversion piece and abuts against a first actuator for axial pressure applying and loading. A fourth actuator on one side of the reaction wall is used for applying horizontal shearing force and torque; second and third actuators on the upper and lower sides of the counter-force longitudinal beam are used for applying bending moment; according to the device, loading of multiple load types can be achieved on the tower drum, the complex stress condition possibly borne by the tower drum in the actual use process can be simulated, and loading of any change of a single load of the tower drum can also be simulated; the device is suitable for loading and fixing tower barrels of different types and sizes; and the influence of torsional deformation and horizontal displacement on vertical load loading can be reduced through structural measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of testing equipment and relates to a multifunctional testing loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine towers, and in particular to a multifunctional testing loading device and a testing method for the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine towers of different sizes. Background Art

[0002] At present, tower loading tests mostly adopt single horizontal loading or single vertical loading, which is significantly different from the complex loading conditions borne by the bottom section of the actual tower. Figure 1 In actual operation, the bottom section of the wind turbine tower shown in the figure is subject to the coupled effects of multiple loads: horizontal shear, vertical axial force, bending moment, and torque. Furthermore, under the action of bending moment and vertical axial force, the tower stress is also affected by eccentricity, the magnitude of which is controlled by the bending moment at the tower end, a factor often overlooked in previous tests. Furthermore, due to the limited clear height of the laboratory, the loading device cannot match the relatively low horizontal forces and large bending moments experienced by the bottom section of the tower. Furthermore, existing tests cannot achieve the combined loading of the tower with bending moment, horizontal shear, vertical axial force, and torque.

[0003] In terms of test operation, coupled compression, bending, shear, and torsion loading tests typically require multiple oil pumps to control the combined loading, which not only increases the complexity of the test equipment but also places high demands on test operation. Furthermore, due to limited laboratory space, wind turbine tower testing often requires scaled-down testing. Towers of different initial sizes vary in size after scaling, resulting in existing tests requiring specialized loading beams to secure the tower top for loading. Furthermore, with the advancement of wind turbine tower technology, a growing number of tower types have emerged. For example, hybrid towers have thicker walls and contain longitudinal reinforcement, while steel towers have thinner walls that cannot be directly secured by connecting the reinforcement to the loading beam. Different tower types have different requirements for loading and securing procedures. During the coupled loading process of horizontal and vertical loads, the deformations generated by the different loads can easily affect each other, leading to problems with the loading mechanism. For example, torsional deformation can cause significant friction between the extended end of the actuator applying the vertical load and the contact surface of the loading beam, leading to actuator overturning and failure, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a multifunctional test loading device that simulates the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine towers in order to solve the problem that the current loading device is limited by the net height of the laboratory, and cannot achieve matching loading for the lower horizontal force and larger bending moment borne by the bottom section of the wind turbine tower, and thus cannot achieve composite loading of bending moment, horizontal force, vertical force and torque, which affects the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower comprises a support connected to the ground via multiple ground anchors and four reaction columns, the four reaction columns being located at the four corners of one side of a reaction wall, a first reaction longitudinal beam being fixed by bolts between two corresponding front and rear reaction columns, a reaction cross beam being fixed by bolts to the tops of the two first reaction longitudinal beams, and a first actuator being fixed by bolts to the bottom ends of the reaction cross beams, which is coaxial with the support.

[0007] The tower is fixed to the top of the support by fasteners. The top of the tower is connected to a loading beam through a conversion piece. The output end of the first actuator contacts the loading beam to apply axial pressure to the tower.

[0008] The reaction wall is arranged on one side of the support, and one side of the reaction wall is fixedly connected to the fourth actuator through a bolt fastener. A connecting piece for use with the fourth actuator is provided below the loading beam.

[0009] Furthermore, the conversion part includes a conversion cylinder, both ends of which are provided with flanges. The top of the flange located below is provided with a first waist-shaped hole for convenient fixed connection with the tower to adapt to the connection and fixation of towers of different sizes. The top of the support is provided with a second waist-shaped hole for fixed connection with the tower.

[0010] Furthermore, the tower is a steel tower or a composite tower.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of through holes are provided on the bottom of the loading beam and the top of the upper flange, and the through holes are arranged in a ring shape. Bolts are provided in the two corresponding through holes, and nuts are provided at both ends of the bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of first stiffening rib beams arranged in an annular manner are welded inside the conversion cylinder and on the support.

[0013] Furthermore, a second reaction longitudinal beam is provided on one group of reaction columns, a third actuator is fixed to the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam by bolts, and a second actuator is fixed to the bottom of another first reaction longitudinal beam by bolts, and the output ends of the third actuator and the second actuator both conflict with the loading beam.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting member includes a loading longitudinal beam fixed to the bottom of the loading beam by bolts, a slide is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam, a guide rod is fixedly provided through one side of the loading longitudinal beam, a second loading plate hinged to the fourth actuator is slidingly provided in the slide, the second loading plate is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a screw is provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam for rotation through a bearing, and the second loading plate is threadedly sleeved on the screw.

[0015] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the top of the loading beam, in which a first loading plate is provided. The first loading plate contacts the output end of the first actuator, and the circular loading plate can rotate around the axis in the groove to reduce the influence of torsional deformation on axial pressure loading.

[0016] Furthermore, the two ends of the loading beam are integrally formed with an arcuate groove, in which a slider with a slot on the top slides. The ends of the second and third actuators are connected to a third loading plate with a ball joint, and the third loading plate slides in the slot. The slider can rotate around the axis of the conversion cylinder in the arcuate groove to reduce the impact of torsional deformation on the loading of the second and third actuators. The third loading plate can drive the corresponding second and third actuators to move in the slot along the horizontal direction of the loading beam, reducing the impact of horizontal displacement on vertical loading during loading. The first actuator for applying axial pressure is controlled by a set of oil pumps, and the second, third, and fourth actuators for applying shear force, bending moment, and torque can have their extension and contraction behavior controlled by a set of oil pumps, thereby reducing the operational difficulty of the test.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of thrust rollers I are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove, and a plurality of thrust rollers II are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the arc groove on both sides of the slider, and the thrust rollers II are fixed to the inner wall of the arc groove through a retaining frame.

[0018] The loading method of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind power tower comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Fix the tower to the support with fasteners, then fix the conversion cylinder to the tower with fasteners, and fix the loading beam to the conversion cylinder with fasteners;

[0020] S2. Start the first actuator through the hydraulic station to make it contact the loading beam, the conversion cylinder and the tower in turn to perform an axial load test on the tower;

[0021] S3. Simultaneously start the second and third actuators through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously start the fourth actuator to perform torsion and horizontal load tests on the tower. Only a single set of oil pumps is used to control the first actuator, and another set of oil pumps is used to control the expansion and contraction behavior of the second, third, and fourth actuators, to achieve composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The multifunctional test loading device disclosed in the present invention for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower, the first waist-shaped holes opened in the flanges at both ends of the conversion tube in the conversion part and the second waist-shaped holes opened on the top of the support, can adapt to towers of different sizes, so that the loading device can perform compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on towers of various sizes and specifications, thereby improving the versatility and utilization rate of the device and reducing the cost of equipping different test devices due to different tower sizes.

[0024] 2. The multifunctional test loading device disclosed in the present invention simulates the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower. The slide, guide rod and screw arranged on the loading longitudinal beam enable the second loading plate to slide in the slide and adjust its position by the screw, thereby cooperating with the fourth actuator to achieve flexible adjustment of different loading requirements of the tower and meet diverse test requirements.

[0025] 3. The multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower disclosed in the present invention performs an axial pressure test on the tower through the first actuator. At the same time, combined with the settings of the second actuator, the third actuator and the fourth actuator, it can realize loading of various load types on the tower, and only two sets of oil pumps are required to realize the coupled loading of compression, bending, shear and torsion. The second actuator and the third actuator are used to dynamically simulate the influence of eccentricity on the mechanical properties of the tower, and it can simulate the complex stress conditions that the tower may be subjected to during actual use, and evaluate the mechanical properties of the tower more comprehensively and accurately. It can also simulate the loading of a single load of the tower with arbitrary changes to meet the requirements of different test loading types.

[0026] 4. The multifunctional test loading device disclosed in the present invention simulates the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower. Under the action of torque, the first loading plate and slider arranged at the top and bottom of the loading beam can produce a certain degree of rotation or sliding in the groove and arc groove; similarly, under the action of horizontal shear force, the third loading plate can move along the direction of the shear force. Under coupled loading conditions, it can solve the inconvenience of vertical load application caused by the rotation and horizontal displacement of the loading beam.

[0027] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the load on the wind turbine tower in the background technology of the present invention, where Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (b) is the shear force diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (c) is the load bending moment diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (d) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the end of the wind turbine tower section;

[0030] Figure 2 The structure of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine towers is shown in the figure. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 The structure of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine towers is shown in the figure. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Installation diagram of the center reaction beam and reaction column;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a steel tower drum specimen and a loading beam in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a concrete tower drum specimen and a loading beam in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of the middle tower and supports;

[0036] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the center loading resistance structure of the medium loading beam;

[0037] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the loading resistance structure at both ends of the middle loading beam;

[0038] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of coupled load application of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a front view of the coupled load application of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of the loading longitudinal beam.

[0041] Figure numerals: 1. reaction wall; 2. reaction column; 3. first reaction longitudinal beam; 4. reaction cross beam; 5. first actuator; 6. second actuator; 7. second reaction longitudinal beam; 8. third actuator; 9. loading beam; 10. steel tower; 11. support; 12. fourth actuator; 13. arc groove; 14. slider; 15. groove; 16. first loading plate; 17. conversion cylinder; 18. flange; 19. through hole; 20. first stiffening rib beam; 21. first waist-shaped hole; 22. stud; 23. slide; 24. ground anchor; 25. second waist-shaped hole; 26. loading longitudinal beam; 27. slide; 28. guide rod; 29. second loading plate; 30. screw; 31. mixed tower; 32. embedded steel bar; 33. thrust roller I; 34. retaining frame; 35. thrust roller II; 36. third loading plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 2-Figure 5 as well as Figures 7 to 12 A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower is shown, comprising a support 11 firmly connected to the ground through a plurality of ground anchors 24, ensuring the stability and horizontality of the support 11 and providing stable support for the subsequent installation of the tower 10.

[0045] Four reaction columns 2 are installed at the four corners of one side of the reaction wall 1, and the reaction columns 2 are fixed to the ground foundation using bolts and other fasteners to ensure the verticality and stability of the reaction columns 2 to withstand the reaction force generated during subsequent loading.

[0046] The first reaction longitudinal beam 3 is fixedly installed between the two corresponding front and rear reaction columns 2 by bolts to ensure the horizontality and verticality of the first reaction longitudinal beam 3 and provide a basis for the installation of the reaction cross beam 4.

[0047] The reaction beam 4 is fixedly mounted on the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams 3 by means of bolts to form a stable frame structure, thereby enhancing the bearing capacity of the entire loading device.

[0048] At the bottom end of the reaction beam 4, a first actuator 5 is bolted coaxially to the support 11. The selection of the first actuator 5 must take into account the maximum vertical load requirements of the steel tower 10 to ensure stable load application during the test. The installation position of the first actuator 5 is precisely calculated to ensure that the load application point is aligned with the center of gravity of the steel tower 10, minimizing the impact of eccentricity.

[0049] The steel tower 10 is placed on top of the support 11 and is firmly fixed to the support 11 by means of studs 22 and nuts to ensure the stability of the steel tower 10 during loading and prevent the steel tower 10 from moving or tilting.

[0050] A conversion piece is installed at the top of the steel tower 10. The conversion piece includes a conversion cylinder 17. Both ends of the conversion cylinder 17 are provided with flanges 18. A first waist-shaped hole 21 corresponding to the stud 22 on the steel tower 10 is opened at the top of the flange 18 at the bottom to accommodate steel towers 10 of different sizes and improve the versatility of the device. At the same time, a second waist-shaped hole 25 corresponding to the stud 22 below the steel tower 10 is opened at the top of the support 11 to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the steel tower 10. For the installation and fixation of the mixed tower: the longitudinal steel bars of the mixed tower are extended, the extended part is threaded, and then connected and fixed with the support 11 and the conversion cylinder 17 by bolts. For the installation and fixation of the steel tower: circular steel plates are welded at the top and bottom of the steel tower 10, and the circumferential bolts on the steel plates are used to connect and fix with the support 11 and the conversion cylinder 17.

[0051] A loading beam 9 is also installed above the steel tower 10. Multiple through-holes 19 are provided at the bottom of the loading beam 9 and at the top of the flange 18 above it. These through-holes 19 are arranged in a circular pattern. Bolts are inserted into the corresponding through-holes 19, and nuts are installed at each end of the bolts to securely connect the loading beam 9 to the conversion component, ensuring that the loading beam 9 can accurately transmit the loading force to the steel tower 10.

[0052] In order to enhance the structural strength of the conversion cylinder 17 and the support 11, a plurality of annularly arranged first stiffening rib beams 20 are welded inside the conversion cylinder 17 and on the support 11 to improve the stability and reliability of the device during loading and prevent the conversion cylinder 17 and the support 11 from deformation or damage.

[0053] The output end of the first actuator 5 contacts the first loading plate 16 on the loading beam 9 , and the axial pressure is applied to the steel tower 10 through the telescopic movement of the first actuator 5 , thereby realizing the axial pressure test of the steel tower 10 .

[0054] A second reaction beam 7 is mounted on one set of reaction columns 2, and a third actuator 8 is bolted to the top of the second reaction beam 7. A second actuator 6 is bolted to the bottom of the other first reaction beam 3, so that the output ends of the third and second actuators 8 and 6 contact the slider 14 on the loading beam 9. The second actuator 6 is located above the loading beam 9, while the third actuator 8 is located below the loading beam 9. This simulates the actual bending moment at the end of the steel tower 10 and can dynamically simulate the effect of changes in eccentricity on the performance of the steel tower 10 by adjusting the magnitude of the bending moment. The stroke and force range of the third and second actuators 8 and 6 are selected based on the design bending moment of the steel tower 10 to ensure that they cover the bending moment range required for testing. By controlling the telescopic movement of the second and third actuators 6 and 8, different loading forces can be applied to the steel tower 10, enabling testing of the steel tower 10 under different stress conditions.

[0055] The fourth actuator 12 is fixed to the reaction wall 1 on one side of the support 11 using bolts. A connector for the fourth actuator 12 is installed below the loading beam 9. The connector includes a loading beam 26 bolted to the bottom of the loading beam 9. A slideway 27 is defined at the bottom of the loading beam 26, and a guide rod 28 is fixedly mounted on one side of the loading beam 26. A second loading plate 29, hingedly connected to the fourth actuator 12, slides within the slideway 27 and slides onto the guide rod 28. A screw 30 is rotatably mounted on one side of the loading beam 26 via a bearing, and the second loading plate 29 is threadedly mounted on the screw 30. The fourth actuator 12 is fixed to the reaction wall with bolts. By acting on the loading beam 26, it simulates the horizontal shear and torque acting on the steel tower 10. These horizontal shear and torque forces are applied to the loading beam 26 via the fourth actuator 12, simulating the horizontal shear and torque acting on the steel tower 10. The mounting position and point of action of the fourth actuator 12 can be adjusted by sliding the second loading plate 29 along the slideway 27 to accommodate different test conditions. By rotating the screw 30, the position of the second loading plate 29 within the slideway 27 can be adjusted so that the second loading plate 29 precisely contacts the output end of the fourth actuator 12, effectively loading the steel tower 10.

[0056] A groove 15 is defined at the top of the loading beam 9, housing a first loading plate 16. This groove abuts the output end of the first actuator 5, and the inner wall of the groove 15 is rotatably connected to a plurality of thrust rollers I 33. The first loading plate 16 rotates within the groove 15 under the action of the thrust rollers I 33. This operating principle is similar to that of a cylindrical roller bearing. When the loading beam 9 undergoes slight torsional deformation, this deformation's effect on axial load application is minimized, improving loading accuracy and stability.

[0057] Arc-shaped connecting grooves 13 are integrally formed at both ends of the loading beam 9. Sliders 14 are slidably mounted within these grooves. Thrust rollers II 35 are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the grooves 13 on either side of the sliders 14. These rollers are secured to the inner walls of the grooves 13 via retainers 34. The sliders 14 can slide within the grooves 13 along the thrust rollers II 35, accommodating minor deformations of the loading beam 9 during loading, ensuring that the output ends of the third and second actuators 8, 6 maintain close contact with the loading beam 9.

[0058] A slide slot 23 is defined on the side of the slider 14 corresponding to the second and third actuators 6 and 8. A third loading plate 36 with a ball joint is connected to the ends of the second and third actuators 6 and 8. The third loading plate 36 slides within the slide slot 23. The slider 14 can rotate within the arcuate slot 13 around the axis of the conversion cylinder 17 to reduce the impact of torsional deformation on the loading of the second and third actuators 6 and 8. The third loading plate 36 can drive the corresponding second and third actuators 6 and 8 to move horizontally along the loading beam 9 within the slide slot 23, reducing the impact of horizontal displacement on vertical load application during loading and improving loading reliability.

[0059] When using the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower, the steel tower 10 is first placed on the support 11, and the stud 22 at the bottom end of the steel tower 10 is inserted into the second waist-shaped hole 25 and locked with a nut. Then, the conversion cylinder 17 is placed on the top of the steel tower 10, and the stud 22 at the top end of the steel tower 10 is inserted into the corresponding first waist-shaped hole 21 and locked with a nut. The loading beam 9 is placed on the top of the conversion cylinder 17 and fixed with the stud 22 and nut. Then, the screw 30 is rotated. During the rotation of the screw 30, the second loading plate 29 can be driven to move in the slide 27, so that the second loading plate 29 corresponds to the fourth actuator 12.

[0060] The hydraulic station drives the first actuator 5 so that the output end of the first actuator 5 contacts the first loading plate 16 and continues to apply pressure, thereby applying pressure to the axial load of the steel tower 10;

[0061] At the same time, the hydraulic station is used to start the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8, so that they contact the corresponding sliders 14, applying bending moment to the steel tower 10, and at the same time, the fourth actuator 12 is started so that the fourth actuator 12 contacts the second loading plate 29. The second loading plate 29 can transmit horizontal shear force and torque to the tower, so that the slider 14 slides in the arc groove 13, applies horizontal load pressure, and realizes the coordination of horizontal force and torque loading of different sizes. The four actuators realize the composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force and torque.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] like Figure 2-Figure 4 as well as Figures 6 to 12 The second embodiment of the present invention is a multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower. The difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the tower is a reinforced concrete ...

[0064] like Figure 10 、 Figure 11 As shown, the specific loading calculation method of the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of wind turbine tower is as follows: the vertical axial force applied by the first actuator 5 is , the vertical load applied by the second actuator 6 is , the vertical load applied by the third actuator 8 is , the horizontal load applied by the fourth actuator 12 is The distance between the loading point of the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8 and the tower axis is , the eccentricity of the loading point of the fourth actuator 12 is , then the compression-bending-shear-torsion loads acting on the tower end are as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] With the cooperation of four actuators, the effect of compression-bending-shear-torsion coupling load on the tower can be simulated. Take the load on a certain mixed tower section as an example: the axial force Bending moment Shear force Torque , when the prototype structure and the scaled structure adopt the same stress control, that is, , take the scale ratio 1:10, that is, the geometric similarity constant , concentrated load similarity constant , bending moment or torque similarity constant: Therefore, the axial force of the scaled model test design is calculated as Bending moment Shear force Torque , then the load applied by the first actuator 5 ; Loads applied by the second actuator 6, the third actuator 8, and the fourth actuator 12 ;but ; .

[0068] As can be seen from the above comparative analysis, the coordinated action of the four actuators of the test loading device provided in the above embodiment realizes the coupled loading of the compression, bending, shear and torsion loads of the wind turbine tower, and only two sets of oil pumps are needed to complete the coupled loading of the compression, bending, shear and torsion loads in a normal test space, thereby solving the technical problem of being unable to simulate the actual force of the wind turbine tower under the existing ordinary laboratory conditions and the technical problem of difficulty in loading composite loads.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower, characterized in that: It comprises a support (11) and four reaction columns (2) connected to the ground via a plurality of ground anchors (24), wherein the four reaction columns (2) are respectively located at the four corners of one side of the reaction wall (1), a first reaction longitudinal beam (3) is fixed between two corresponding front and rear reaction columns (2) via bolts, a reaction cross beam (4) is fixed at the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams (3) via bolts, and a first actuator (5) coaxial with the support (11) is fixed at the bottom end of the reaction cross beam (4) via bolts; A tower, wherein the tower is fixed to the top of a support (11) by a fastener, the top of the tower is connected to a loading beam (9) by a conversion member, the output end of the first actuator (5) contacts the loading beam (9), and an axial pressure test is performed on the tower; A reaction wall (1) is provided on one side of a support (11), a fourth actuator (12) is fixedly connected to one side of the reaction wall (1) by means of bolt fasteners, and a connector for use with the fourth actuator (12) is provided below the loading beam (9); a second reaction longitudinal beam (7) is provided on a group of reaction columns (2), a third actuator (8) is fixedly provided on the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam (7) by means of bolts, and a second actuator (6) is fixedly provided on the bottom of the first reaction longitudinal beam (3) by means of bolts, and the output ends of the third actuator (8) and the second actuator (6) both contact the loading beam (9).

2. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion member comprises a conversion cylinder (17), both ends of which are provided with flanges (18), a first waist-shaped hole (21) is provided on the top of the flange (18) located at the bottom for convenient fixed connection with the tower, so as to adapt to the connection and fixation of towers of different sizes, and a second waist-shaped hole (25) is provided on the top of the support (11) for fixed connection with the tower.

3. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The tower is a steel tower (10) or a mixed tower (31).

4. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of through holes (19) are provided at the bottom of the loading beam (9) and the top of the upper flange (18). The through holes (19) are arranged in a ring shape. Bolts are provided in two corresponding through holes (19) above and below, and nuts are provided at both ends of the bolts.

5. The multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of first stiffening rib beams (20) arranged in an annular manner are welded inside the conversion cylinder (17) and on the support (11).

6. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting member includes a loading longitudinal beam (26) fixed to the bottom of the loading beam (9) by bolts, a slideway (27) is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam (26), a guide rod (28) is fixedly provided through one side of the loading longitudinal beam (26), a second loading plate (29) hinged to the fourth actuator (12) is slidably provided in the slideway (27), the second loading plate (29) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod (28), a screw rod (30) is rotatably provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam (26) through a bearing, and the second loading plate (29) is threadedly sleeved on the screw rod (30).

7. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A groove (15) is provided at the top of the loading beam (9), a first loading plate (16) with a ball joint is provided at the end of the first actuator (5), and a rotating column fixedly connected to the first loading plate (16) is rotatably connected in the groove (15).

8. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Both ends of the loading beam (9) are integrally formed and connected with an arc groove (13), and a slider (14) with a slide groove (23) on the top is slidably provided in the arc groove (13). The ends of the second actuator (6) and the third actuator (8) are connected with a third loading plate (36) with a ball joint, and the third loading plate (36) is slidably connected in the slide groove (23).

9. A multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the groove (15) is rotatably connected to a plurality of thrust rollers I (33), and the inner walls of the arc grooves (13) on both sides of the slider (14) are rotatably connected to a plurality of thrust rollers II (35), and the thrust rollers II (35) are fixed to the inner walls of the arc grooves (13) through retainers (34).

10. A loading method using the multifunctional test loading device for simulating the compression, bending, shear and torsion performance of a wind turbine tower according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fix the tower to the support (11) by fasteners, then fix the conversion cylinder (17) to the tower by fasteners, and simultaneously fix the loading beam (9) to the conversion cylinder (17) by fasteners; S2, starting the first actuator (5) through the hydraulic station, so that it sequentially contacts the loading beam (9), the conversion cylinder (17) and the tower to perform an axial load test on the tower; S3. Simultaneously start the second actuator (6) and the third actuator (8) through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously start the fourth actuator (12) to perform torsion and horizontal load tests on the tower; and use only a single set of oil pumps to control the first actuator (5), and use another set of oil pumps to control the expansion and contraction behavior of the second actuator (6), the third actuator (8), and the fourth actuator (12), so as to realize the composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

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