Safety control method for hydrogen power source

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety control method of a hydrogen power source. The method comprises the following steps: parameter initialization: setting and initializing electrolytic cell efficiency curve data, control parameters, power generation parameters and a reference operation state of a hydrogen production electrolytic cell; and data acquisition: power prediction data, running state information (including temperature, pressure and current) of the electrolytic cell and real-time power generation data of power generation equipment (photovoltaic / wind power) are acquired in real time. According to the safety control method for the hydrogen power source, efficiency curve data and control parameters of the electrolytic cell are accurately set through the parameter initialization step, and a foundation is laid for efficient operation. And a real-time data acquisition and power generation equipment state judgment step: dynamically adjusting a control strategy according to the grid-connected state of the power generation equipment, maximizing the power generation capacity or realizing smooth power output, and reducing energy waste. In the control instruction generation step, optimal set power is calculated by using a mixed integer linear programming algorithm, the electrolytic cell is ensured to operate in a high-efficiency area, and the system efficiency is integrally improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a safety control method for a hydrogen power source. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of new energy, the application of hydrogen energy has gradually gained attention. Usually, the hydrogen production system includes a hydrogen production power supply and an electrolyzer, and the electrolyzer is powered by the hydrogen production power supply. At present, the power interface of the hydrogen production equipment is connected to the output port of the current source type hydrogen production power supply. This current source type hydrogen production power supply is responsible for obtaining electricity from the power grid and converting the AC power in the power grid into the DC power required by the hydrogen production equipment during the electrolysis process.

[0003] During actual operation, the power supply system faces problems such as unstable power generation equipment, fluctuating electrolyzer efficiency, and safety hazards. Traditional hydrogen production power supply systems not only face the problem of low efficiency in the process of converting AC power to DC power, but also often encounter the challenge of insufficient stability. This lack of efficiency means that a considerable amount of energy is lost in the form of heat or other forms during the power conversion process and fails to be effectively converted into the DC power required for water electrolysis, resulting in waste of energy utilization. At the same time, insufficient stability may cause current fluctuations during the electrolysis process, affecting the electrolysis efficiency and the consistency of hydrogen production, and thus affecting the continuity and reliability of the entire hydrogen production process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a safety control method for a hydrogen power source, the purpose of which is to solve the problems faced during operation, such as unstable power generation equipment status, fluctuations in electrolytic cell efficiency, and potential safety hazards.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a safety control method for a hydrogen power source, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Parameter initialization: Set and initialize the electrolyzer efficiency curve data, control parameters, power generation parameters and the baseline operating status of the hydrogen production electrolyzer;

[0007] Step 2: Data collection: Real-time acquisition of power forecast data, electrolyzer operating status information (including temperature, pressure, and current), and real-time power generation data of power generation equipment (photovoltaic / wind power);

[0008] Step 3: Determine the status of the power generation equipment: If the power generation equipment is connected to the grid, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy is prioritized to maximize power generation capacity. If the power generation equipment is not connected to the grid, the smooth output requirement of power fluctuation rate ≤ 5% is prioritized, and power buffering is achieved by dynamically adjusting the electrolyzer load.

[0009] Step 4: Control command generation: Based on the current state of the electrolyzer and power prediction data, start and stop commands are generated. The optimal set power of each electrolyzer is calculated using the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm, and the temperature and pressure control commands are generated simultaneously.

[0010] Step 5: Safety monitoring and early warning: Based on the temperature, pressure, and current data of the electrolyzer, the LSTM neural network model is used to predict the probability of failure and trigger protective measures (including emergency shutdown or power reduction);

[0011] Step 6: Sending instructions: Send power instructions, start and stop instructions, and insulation and pressure parameters to power generation equipment, electrolyzers, and auxiliary systems.

[0012] Furthermore, an isolation drive circuit is provided between the power generation equipment and the electrolytic cell, including the following circuits:

[0013] The first isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the power generation equipment, the input end is connected to the first isolation power supply, and the output end drives the IGBT module;

[0014] The second isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the electrolyzer, the input end is connected to the second isolation power supply, and the output end drives the MOSFET module;

[0015] The third isolation drive circuit is connected to the cooling pump and the valve, the input end is connected to the third isolation power supply, and the output end drives the relay; wherein, the input of each isolation power supply is connected to the output end of the auxiliary power supply and the power supply end of the controller to ensure potential isolation.

[0016] Furthermore, the voltage / current signals of the first power circuit, the second power circuit, and the electrolyzer are collected in real time through a feedback circuit, converted into digital signals by an ADC sampling circuit (sampling frequency ≥ 10kHz), and then input into a controller; the controller dynamically corrects the constraints of the MILP algorithm based on the sampled data to ensure that the electrolyzer efficiency is ≥ 85%.

[0017] Furthermore, the insulation and pressure control instructions include: insulation control: using the PID algorithm to adjust the water temperature of the electrolytic cell jacket, the target temperature range is 60-80°C, and the fluctuation is ≤±2°C; pressure control: adjusting the hydrogen output pressure through the proportional valve, the pressure threshold is set to 2MPa, and the pressure relief valve is triggered when overpressure occurs.

[0018] Furthermore, the training data of the LSTM neural network model includes: historical fault data (including electrolytic cell leakage, overheating and overpressure data) and corresponding temperature and pressure time series curves; when the model outputs a fault probability ≥90%, a three-level warning is triggered, which includes sound and light alarms, remote notifications and automatic shutdown.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for dynamically adjusting the electrolytic cell load is: according to the fluctuation of the generated power, the electrolytic cells are started and stopped in order of priority, and the priority rule is: the electrolytic cells with high efficiency are operated first; the power adjustment range of a single electrolytic cell is 20%-100% of the rated value, and the response time is ≤200ms.

[0020] Furthermore, the method also includes: during the shutdown period of the electrolytic cell, maintaining its internal pressure at 0.5-1 MPa and maintaining the temperature ≥40°C through an electric heater to reduce restart energy consumption.

[0021] Furthermore, the protection mechanism of the isolated drive circuit includes: the IGBT module's drive signal integrates desaturation detection function, triggering soft shutdown in the event of overcurrent; and the MOSFET module's gate resistor is connected in parallel with a TVS diode to suppress voltage spikes ≤50V.

[0022] Furthermore, the power generation equipment is a wind turbine, which is directly coupled to the electrolyzer through a DC bus, eliminating the grid-connected inverter link; the input current of the electrolyzer is distributed by multiple DC / DC converters in parallel, and the redundant switching time is ≤100ms when a single converter fails.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention provides a safe control method for a hydrogen power source. Through a parameter initialization step, the electrolyzer efficiency curve data and control parameters are precisely set, laying the foundation for efficient operation. A real-time data acquisition and power generation equipment status determination step dynamically adjusts the control strategy based on the power generation equipment's grid connection status, maximizing power generation capacity or achieving smooth power output to reduce energy waste. The control instruction generation step utilizes a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm to calculate the optimal set power, ensuring that the electrolyzer operates in the high-efficiency range and improving overall system efficiency.

[0025] The present invention provides a safety control method for a hydrogen power source. The safety monitoring and early warning step utilizes an LSTM neural network model to predict electrolyzer failure probability, promptly triggering protective measures such as emergency shutdown or power reduction, effectively preventing safety accidents. The design of the isolated drive circuit ensures potential isolation, and protection mechanisms such as desaturation detection for the IGBT module and voltage spike suppression for the MOSFET module further enhance the system's safety and protection capabilities.

[0026] The present invention provides a safety control method for a hydrogen power source. Through precise control and monitoring, potential faults can be discovered and handled in a timely manner, downtime and maintenance frequency can be reduced, maintenance costs can be lowered, and maintenance measures during electrolyzer downtime can be taken to maintain internal pressure and temperature, reduce restart energy consumption, and extend the service life of the equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0028] A safety control method for a hydrogen power source comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Parameter initialization: Set and initialize the electrolyzer efficiency curve data, control parameters, power generation parameters and the baseline operating status of the hydrogen production electrolyzer;

[0030] Step 2: Data collection: Real-time acquisition of power forecast data, electrolyzer operating status information (including temperature, pressure, and current), and real-time power generation data of power generation equipment (photovoltaic / wind power);

[0031] Step 3: Determine the status of the power generation equipment: If the power generation equipment is connected to the grid, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy is prioritized to maximize power generation capacity. If the power generation equipment is not connected to the grid, the smooth output requirement of power fluctuation rate ≤ 5% is prioritized, and power buffering is achieved by dynamically adjusting the electrolyzer load.

[0032] Step 4: Control command generation: Based on the current state of the electrolyzer and power prediction data, start and stop commands are generated. The optimal set power of each electrolyzer is calculated using the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm, and the temperature and pressure control commands are generated simultaneously.

[0033] Step 5: Safety monitoring and early warning: Based on the temperature, pressure, and current data of the electrolyzer, the LSTM neural network model is used to predict the probability of failure and trigger protective measures (including emergency shutdown or power reduction);

[0034] Step 6: Sending instructions: Send power instructions, start and stop instructions, and insulation and pressure parameters to power generation equipment, electrolyzers, and auxiliary systems.

[0035] An isolation drive circuit is provided between the power generation equipment and the electrolytic cell, including the following circuits:

[0036] The first isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the power generation equipment, the input end is connected to the first isolation power supply, and the output end drives the IGBT module;

[0037] The second isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the electrolyzer, the input end is connected to the second isolation power supply, and the output end drives the MOSFET module;

[0038] The third isolated drive circuit is connected to the auxiliary system cooling pump and valve, the input end is connected to the third isolated power supply, and the output end drives the relay; among them, the input of each isolated power supply is connected to the output end of the auxiliary power supply and the power supply end of the controller to ensure potential isolation.

[0039] The voltage / current signals of the first power loop, the second power loop, and the electrolyzer are collected in real time through a feedback circuit, converted into digital signals by an ADC sampling circuit (sampling frequency ≥ 10kHz), and then input into a controller. The controller dynamically adjusts the constraints of the MILP algorithm based on the sampled data to ensure that the electrolyzer efficiency is ≥ 85%.

[0040] The insulation and pressure control instructions include: insulation control: using PID algorithm to adjust the water temperature of the electrolytic cell jacket, the target temperature range is 60-80°C, and the fluctuation is ≤±2°C; pressure control: adjusting the hydrogen output pressure through a proportional valve, the pressure threshold is set to 2MPa, and the pressure relief valve is triggered when overpressure occurs.

[0041] The training data of the LSTM neural network model includes: historical fault data (including electrolytic cell leakage, overheating and overpressure data) and corresponding temperature and pressure time series curves; when the model outputs a fault probability ≥90%, a three-level warning is triggered, which includes audible and visual alarms, remote notifications and automatic shutdown.

[0042] The method for dynamically adjusting the electrolytic cell load is as follows: according to the fluctuation of the generated power, the electrolytic cells are started and stopped in order of priority, and the priority rule is: the electrolytic cells with high efficiency are operated first; the power adjustment range of a single electrolytic cell is 20%-100% of the rated value, and the response time is ≤200ms.

[0043] The method further includes: during the shutdown period of the electrolytic cell, maintaining the internal pressure thereof at 0.5-1 MPa and maintaining the temperature ≥40° C. by using an electric heater to reduce restart energy consumption.

[0044] The protection mechanism of the isolated drive circuit includes: the IGBT module's drive signal integrates desaturation detection function, triggering soft shutdown in the event of overcurrent; and the MOSFET module's gate resistor is connected in parallel with a TVS diode to suppress voltage spikes ≤50V.

[0045] The power generation equipment is a wind turbine, which is directly coupled to the electrolyzer through a DC bus, eliminating the grid-connected inverter link; the input current of the electrolyzer is distributed by multiple DC / DC converters in parallel, and the redundant switching time is ≤100ms when a single converter fails.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] Basic architecture and control process, the hydrogen production power system of this embodiment includes the following core components,

[0048] Input power: Use photovoltaic arrays or wind turbines with an output DC voltage range of 200-800V. If the input is AC, configure a three-phase rectifier bridge to convert it into DC power.

[0049] Power circuit: The first power circuit consists of four power MOS tubes (model C3M0065090J) and two power inductors, with a switching frequency of 20kHz and a dead time of 2μs;

[0050] Second power circuit: The structure is symmetrical to the first circuit, and the MOS tube drive signal has a phase difference of 180°.

[0051] Driving circuit: First driving circuit: connected to the first isolated power supply (input 24V, output ±15V isolation voltage), driving the MOS tube of the first power circuit;

[0052] Second drive circuit: connected to the second isolated power supply to drive the second power loop.

[0053] Controller: Uses DSP chip (model TMS320F28379D), integrated MILP algorithm module, and executes the following control process:

[0054] Step 1: Initialize the electrolyzer efficiency curve (preset efficiency ≥ 85%), temperature threshold (60-80°C), and pressure threshold (2MPa);

[0055] Step 2: Real-time collection of photovoltaic power prediction data (15-minute resolution) and electrolyzer temperature (PT100 sensor) and piezoelectric sensor;

[0056] Step 3: If the PV system is grid-connected, start the MPPT mode; if it is off-grid, limit the power fluctuation rate to ≤5% and dynamically adjust the electrolyzer load;

[0057] Step 4: Calculate the optimal power distribution of the electrolyzer using the MILP algorithm (the objective function is to maximize the hydrogen production efficiency) and generate the start-stop instructions and insulation PID parameters (Kp = 0.6, Ki = 0.03).

[0058] Technical effect: Dual-circuit interleaved drive reduces current ripple to ±3% and increases electrolyzer efficiency to 87%.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] Three-phase interleaved drive and isolation protection, this embodiment is extended to a three-power circuit architecture:

[0061] The third power circuit: The structure is the same as the first circuit, and the MOS tube drive signal has a phase difference of 120° with the first and second circuits;

[0062] Third drive circuit: Connect the third isolated power supply and connect a TVS diode (model SMAJ58A) in parallel at the output end to suppress voltage spikes ≤ 50V.

[0063] Controller upgrade function: Real-time monitoring of each circuit current (Hall sensor, accuracy ±1%), triggering IGBT soft shutdown when overcurrent occurs (desaturation detection response time ≤ 10μs);

[0064] The LSTM fault warning model (128 hidden layer nodes, 100,000 sets of training data) predicts the probability of electrolytic cell leakage, and triggers the third-level shutdown protection when it is ≥90%.

[0065] Technical effect: Three-phase interleaved drive reduces output current fluctuation rate to ±1.5%, and system redundancy switching time ≤100ms1.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] Auxiliary power supply and feedback control. This embodiment adds an auxiliary power supply module and feedback circuit:

[0068] Auxiliary power supply: Buck-Boost topology (input 200-800V, output 24V / 5V), conversion efficiency ≥ 92%;

[0069] Feedback circuit: collects the voltage (0-100V range) and current (0-500A range) signals of the electrolytic cell and inputs them into the controller through the ADC sampling circuit (ADS8588S, sampling rate 200kHz);

[0070] Dynamic correction: The controller adjusts the MILP constraints based on real-time data (e.g., raising the lower limit of electrolyzer efficiency from 85% to 88%).

[0071] Technical effect: Voltage / current sampling error ≤±0.5%, electrolytic cell operating efficiency is stable at 88%-90%.

[0072] Example 4:

[0073] Multi-pulse rectification and harmonic suppression. This embodiment is suitable for grid-connected scenarios:

[0074] Multi-pulse rectifier: The main transformer (four-phase design, ratio 10:1) outputs four sets of AC power, which are converted to DC through rectifier diodes (model DSEI2X101-06A);

[0075] The zero-sequence reactor (inductance 10mH) and harmonic suppression circuit (LC filter, cut-off frequency 1kHz) reduce the input THD to 4.2%.

[0076] Multi-level DC / DC converter: Adopts dual active bridge (DAB) topology to achieve 200-800V wide input range and output 48V DC power supply to the solution tank; light load efficiency ≥90%, full load efficiency ≥95%.

[0077] Technical effect: THD on the grid side ≤ 5%, meeting IEC 61000-3-2 standard.

[0078] Example 5:

[0079] Off-grid hydrogen production and pressure maintenance. This embodiment targets off-grid scenarios:

[0080] Direct connection of wind turbines: directly supplying the electrolytic cell via the DC bus (voltage ±750V), eliminating the need for a grid-connected inverter;

[0081] Shutdown pressure control: When the electrolytic cell is shut down, the electric heater (power 2kW) maintains the temperature ≥40℃, and the proportional valve adjusts the internal pressure to 0.8MPa±0.1MPa; restart energy consumption is reduced by 60%.

[0082] Technical effect: Off-grid system self-recovery time ≤ 10 seconds, pressure control accuracy ±1%.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety control method for a hydrogen power source, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Parameter initialization: Set and initialize the electrolyzer efficiency curve data, control parameters, power generation parameters and the baseline operating status of the hydrogen production electrolyzer; Step 2: Data collection: Real-time acquisition of power forecast data, electrolyzer operating status information (including temperature, pressure, and current), and real-time power generation data of power generation equipment (photovoltaic / wind power); Step 3: Determine the status of the power generation equipment: If the power generation equipment is connected to the grid, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy is prioritized to maximize power generation capacity. If the power generation equipment is not connected to the grid, the smooth output requirement of power fluctuation rate ≤ 5% is prioritized, and power buffering is achieved by dynamically adjusting the electrolyzer load. Step 4: Control command generation: Based on the current state of the electrolyzer and power prediction data, start and stop commands are generated. The optimal set power of each electrolyzer is calculated using the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm, and the temperature and pressure control commands are generated simultaneously. Step 5: Safety monitoring and early warning: Based on the temperature, pressure, and current data of the electrolyzer, the LSTM neural network model is used to predict the probability of failure and trigger protective measures (including emergency shutdown or power reduction); Step 6: Sending instructions: Send power instructions, start and stop instructions, and insulation and pressure parameters to power generation equipment, electrolyzers, and auxiliary systems.

2. A safety control method for a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: An isolation drive circuit is provided between the power generation equipment and the electrolytic cell, including the following circuits: The first isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the power generation equipment, the input end is connected to the first isolation power supply, and the output end drives the IGBT module; The second isolation drive circuit is connected to the power circuit of the electrolyzer, the input end is connected to the second isolation power supply, and the output end drives the MOSFET module; The third isolated drive circuit is connected to the auxiliary system cooling pump and valve, the input end is connected to the third isolated power supply, and the output end drives the relay; among them, the input of each isolated power supply is connected to the output end of the auxiliary power supply and the power supply end of the controller to ensure potential isolation.

3. The safety control method of a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage / current signals of the first power loop, the second power loop, and the electrolyzer are collected in real time through a feedback circuit, converted into digital signals by an ADC sampling circuit (sampling frequency ≥ 10kHz), and then input into a controller. The controller dynamically adjusts the constraints of the MILP algorithm based on the sampled data to ensure that the electrolyzer efficiency is ≥ 85%.

4. The safety control method of a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation and pressure control instructions include: insulation control: using PID algorithm to adjust the water temperature of the electrolytic cell jacket, the target temperature range is 60-80°C, and the fluctuation is ≤±2°C; pressure control: adjusting the hydrogen output pressure through a proportional valve, the pressure threshold is set to 2MPa, and the pressure relief valve is triggered when overpressure occurs.

5. The safety control method of a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The training data of the LSTM neural network model includes: historical fault data (including electrolytic cell leakage, overheating and overpressure data) and corresponding temperature and pressure time series curves; when the model outputs a fault probability ≥90%, a three-level warning is triggered, which includes audible and visual alarms, remote notifications and automatic shutdown.

6. The safety control method of a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for dynamically adjusting the electrolytic cell load is as follows: according to the fluctuation of the generated power, the electrolytic cells are started and stopped in order of priority, and the priority rule is: the electrolytic cells with high efficiency are operated first; the power adjustment range of a single electrolytic cell is 20%-100% of the rated value, and the response time is ≤200ms.

7. The safety control method of a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: during the shutdown period of the electrolytic cell, maintaining the internal pressure thereof at 0.5-1 MPa and maintaining the temperature ≥40° C. by using an electric heater to reduce restart energy consumption.

8. The safety control method for a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection mechanism of the isolated drive circuit includes: the drive signal of the IGBT module integrates desaturation detection function, triggering soft shutdown when overcurrent occurs; the gate resistor of the MOSFET module is connected in parallel with a TVS diode to suppress voltage spikes ≤50V.

9. The safety control method for a hydrogen power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation equipment is a wind turbine, which is directly coupled to the electrolyzer through a DC bus, eliminating the grid-connected inverter link; the input current of the electrolyzer is distributed by multiple DC / DC converters in parallel, and the redundant switching time is ≤100ms when a single converter fails.