Motor positive pressure waterproof structure, motor and waterproof control method

Abstract

A motor positive pressure waterproof structure, a motor and a waterproof control method are used for preventing water from entering the motor, the motor comprises a shell and a rotating shaft, a cavity is formed in the shell, and the positive pressure waterproof structure comprises a positive pressure section and a waterproof section which are arranged on the rotating shaft. The pressurization structure is arranged on the machine shell and corresponds to the positive pressure section, and the oil seal structure is arranged on the machine shell and corresponds to the waterproof section. According to the scheme, friction and loss between the rotating shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under high-speed operation are avoided, friction and loss between the rotating shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under low-speed operation and other working conditions are reduced, the service life of the oil seal structure is greatly prolonged, motor insulation damage and burnout caused by external water entering the motor are avoided, and the service life of the motor is prolonged. Stable pressure balance is formed in the motor cavity, the safety and reliability of the motor are improved, the service life of the motor is prolonged, and the stability of the motor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motor structures, and in particular to a motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, a motor, and a waterproof control method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, the design and optimization of new energy vehicle motors have become an important issue in the automotive industry. New energy vehicle motors face huge challenges in severe weather conditions or special operating conditions.

[0003] Existing motors include a housing, a rotating shaft, and an end cover. Existing motor protection structures are mostly motor shaft end protection, such as setting a skeleton oil seal on the shaft section. In the process of realizing this application, the applicant found that the problem with current motors is that the skeleton oil seal at the motor shaft end is easily damaged, causing motor failure. In particular, when a vehicle is driving on a flooded or muddy road, splashed mud, mud, and gravel will enter the oil seal seal, wearing out the skeleton oil seal. Over time, the accumulation of mud and gravel will greatly accelerate the damage of the oil seal. Once the oil seal fails, external moisture and foreign matter can easily enter the motor. In heavy rain and especially when washing the vehicle, water can easily enter the motor, causing the motor insulation performance to deteriorate and the bearings to be damaged, ultimately causing the motor insulation to be damaged and burned, seriously affecting driving safety.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of oil seal failure of the above-mentioned motor, some motor structures are designed with a double-skeleton oil seal structure or a dynamic and static ring seal structure, or additional dust covers / dustproof parts are provided.

[0005] The double-skeleton oil seal structure or the dynamic and static ring seal structure provided therein has limitations, and providing such a structure will make it more difficult to cool down the inside of the motor, making it difficult to improve the durability of the motor.

[0006] The end cap and skeleton oil seal are mounted on the motor shaft, with the skeleton oil seal located inside the end cap. A labyrinthine structure is formed between the dust cover and the end cap, or a dust-tightening air gap is created between the dust guard and the oil seal baffle to prevent the intrusion of pollutants such as dust, sand, and rainwater. This structure does not optimize the material selection of the dust cover and dust guard, resulting in less than ideal durability and protection.

[0007] Moreover, the waterproof structure design of this type of motor has limited effect in preventing external moisture from entering the motor. Especially when washing the vehicle, water can easily enter the motor and cause damage to the motor insulation and burning.

[0008] In view of this, how to solve the problems of the existing motor protection structure, such as poor protection effect, poor durability, and limitations, has become the subject to be studied and solved by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention provides a motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, a motor and a waterproof control method, the purpose of which is to solve the problems of poor protection effect, poor durability and limitations of existing motor protection structures.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a technical solution adopted in the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure for preventing water ingress in the motor, wherein the motor includes a housing and a rotating shaft, and the housing has a chamber therein. The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure includes: A positive pressure section and a waterproof section are arranged on the rotating shaft.

[0011] A boosting structure is provided on the casing and corresponds to the positive pressure section. The boosting structure includes a boosting chamber and a boosting impeller. The boosting chamber is connected to the chamber air path of the casing. A boosting impeller coaxial with the rotating shaft is installed in the boosting chamber.

[0012] An oil seal structure is provided on the housing and corresponds to the waterproof section. The oil seal structure comprises an oil seal skeleton layer and an oil seal deformation layer. Under no pressure, the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft are tightly fitted. A pressure reducing valve is provided on the casing, and the pressure reducing valve is communicated with the boosting chamber / cavity.

[0013] The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure is configured such that the motor has a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure decompression state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state through the cooperation of the boosting structure, the oil seal structure and the pressure reducing valve.

[0014] In the positive pressure waterproof state, when the motor is running, the shaft drives the boost impeller to rotate, and high-pressure air is formed in the boost chamber and fills the cavity. The pressure generated by the high-pressure air lifts the oil seal deformation layer away from the waterproof section of the shaft to form a waterproof air gap.

[0015] In the high-pressure, low-pressure mode, the motor runs at high speed. When the high-pressure air in the boost chamber exceeds a threshold, the pressure reducing valve opens. The high-pressure air is discharged through the pressure reducing valve, lifting the oil seal's deformable layer away from the waterproof section of the shaft, creating a waterproof air gap connecting the chamber and the boost chamber.

[0016] In the pressure-maintaining and waterproof state, the motor stops running and the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer overcomes the pressure and fits tightly against the shaft. The chamber maintains a closed positive pressure to prevent external water from entering.

[0017] A technical solution adopted in the second aspect of the present invention is: a motor is proposed, which includes a casing and a rotating shaft, and a chamber is provided in the casing. The motor includes the motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention adopts a technical solution: a motor waterproof control method is proposed. The motor waterproof control method is based on the motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure as described in the first aspect of the present invention to perform waterproof control. The motor waterproof control method includes the following: Assemble the motor's positive pressure water ingress prevention structure in the motor; When the motor is running, the boost structure generates different positive pressure environments at different motor speeds. The opening of the pressure reducing valve is set according to the air pressure value in the inner cavity of the motor. The openings of the pressure reducing valve are partially open, fully open, and closed. When the motor is in the first speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer, causing the oil seal deformation layer to deform without losing contact with the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. The high-pressure environment in the chamber prevents external debris from entering the motor. When the motor is in the second speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section, and air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the motor is in the third speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the pressure in the chamber is too high, the pressure reducing valve partially opens to prevent the internal pressure of the motor from being too high. When the motor is in the fourth speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. The pressure in the chamber is too high, and all the pressure reducing valves are opened. The motor stops when it switches to the second speed range, the third speed range, and the fourth speed range. During the motor stop process, the pressure reducing valve closes after reaching the set range value, and the waterproof air gap between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section gradually shrinks until the two are tightly fitted together; when the motor stops when it switches from the first speed range, the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section are always tightly fitted together; after the motor completely stops, the motor chamber always maintains a positive pressure state for a long time to prevent external debris from entering the motor.

[0019] The design principle and technical concept of the present invention are: In the present invention, some problems existing in the existing motor water ingress prevention structure are studied. For example, the existing motor protection technology designs a double-skeleton oil seal structure or a dynamic and static ring seal structure, or sets an additional dust cover / dustproof parts, etc., which all have the problems of poor durability and unsatisfactory protection effect, affecting the overall performance and operation reliability of the motor, and may also cause the insulation performance of the motor to deteriorate and the bearings to be damaged, and eventually the motor to burn out, seriously affecting driving safety. In response to the urgent demand for the ever-increasing safety performance requirements of motors in existing new energy vehicles and rail transit, the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure of the present invention, the motor adopting the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, and the motor waterproof control method based on the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure for waterproof control are designed.

[0020] In order to meet the above-mentioned special circumstances and special requirements, the present invention designs the main parts of the positive pressure anti-water ingress structure to include a boosting structure, an oil seal structure and a pressure reducing valve. The cooperation of the boosting structure, the oil seal structure and the pressure reducing valve enables the motor to have a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure pressure reducing state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state; wherein, the boosting structure is arranged on the positive pressure section of the rotating shaft, and effectively transports the pressurized air brought by the rotation of the motor itself into the motor chamber to form a high pressure greater than the external air pressure. A pressure reducing valve is also designed to adjust the air pressure in the motor chamber to flexibly match various working conditions of the vehicle; the oil seal structure is arranged on the waterproof section of the rotating shaft, and the oil seal structure includes an oil seal skeleton layer as a support and an oil seal deformation layer that can generate deformation. layer; because the motor speed of new energy vehicles has a certain range of changes when driving, and the motor speed will change within a stable range when driving in urban areas or on highways, when the motor shaft rotates, it drives the supercharged structure to generate high pressure in the motor chamber. The high pressure greater than the external air pressure can effectively prevent external water from entering the motor through the oil seal on rainy days or when washing the vehicle, and can also enable new energy vehicles to put the motor in a positive pressure waterproof state and a high-pressure decompression state under most working conditions. When the motor is in the positive pressure waterproof state and the high-pressure decompression state, the pressure generated by the high-pressure air in the motor chamber will lift the oil seal deformation layer away from the waterproof section of the shaft to form a waterproof air gap. On the one hand, high pressure is used to extremely effectively block external rainwater and impurities. On the other hand, it makes the oil seal deformation layer of the oil seal structure no longer directly contact with the shaft when the motor is running at high speed. The oil seal deformation layer will contact with the waterproof section of the shaft only when the motor speed is low (the high pressure generated at low speed is not enough to support the oil seal deformation layer for a period of time). In the process from rotation to stop of the motor, the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer overcomes the pressure and fits tightly with the shaft, and it can still maintain a positive pressure state for a long time. The closed positive pressure is maintained in the chamber to prevent external water from entering, and each time the motor starts to run, the high-pressure air can blow away the mud and gravel that may exist on / around the oil seal structure, ensuring that the oil seal structure and the waterproof section of the shaft remain free from contamination by foreign objects, thereby avoiding It eliminates the friction and loss between the rotating shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under high-speed operation, reduces the friction and loss between the rotating shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under low-speed operation and other working conditions, greatly increases the service life of the oil seal structure, and also makes the material selection of the oil seal structure no longer too limited, avoids the damage and burning of the motor insulation due to external water entering the motor, and improves the safety and reliability of the motor; at the same time, the pressure reducing valve is used to adjust the opening, and a stable pressure balance is formed in the motor chamber, which effectively controls the internal pressure of the motor and prevents the motor from malfunctioning due to excessive pressure when running at high speed. At the same time, the internal air can be exchanged with the external air under high-speed conditions, which is beneficial to the internal heat dissipation of the motor and improves the service life and stability of the motor.

[0021] The relevant contents of the present invention are explained as follows: 1. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "front," "rear," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of this application. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0022] 2. In this application, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, removable, or integrated connections; mechanical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interactions between two components, unless otherwise expressly defined. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] 3. In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used solely for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically specified.

[0024] 4. In the above technical solution of the present invention, the boost chamber and the boost impeller adopt an eccentric design. The boost chamber is provided with a high-pressure outlet connected to the chamber of the casing. The outer diameter of the boost impeller and the inner diameter of the boost chamber are unequal in circumferential distance, and the circumferential distance between the two is the smallest at the high-pressure outlet. With this design, the boost efficiency of the boost impeller is improved. During the operation of the motor, as the motor speed increases, more stable and high-pressure boosted gas can be provided. Specifically, the boost impeller is connected to the motor shaft. The motor operation drives the boost impeller to rotate, which can continuously input high-pressure air into the motor chamber to form a stable pressure balance, effectively solving the problem of the motor chamber maintaining a positive pressure state, avoiding the entry of external water into the motor, avoiding damage and burning of the motor insulation, and further improving the safety and reliability of the motor.

[0025] 5. In the above technical solution of the present invention, the boost impeller adopts a straight blade structure. During the operation of the motor, the forward and reverse rotation of the rotating shaft will pump external air into the boost chamber to form high-pressure air, thereby ensuring that high-pressure gas can always be pumped into the motor chamber during the operation of the motor, forming an effective positive pressure state to prevent external water from entering the interior of the motor.

[0026] 6. In the above technical solution of the present invention, the boost chamber is integrally or separately arranged with the casing; when the boost chamber is integrally arranged with the casing, a partition is arranged between the boost chamber and the chamber in the casing. The integral arrangement can make the structure more compact and further reduce the volume; when the boost chamber is separately arranged with the casing, the boost chamber is arranged at the rear end of the casing, and the boost impeller is arranged at the rear end of the casing where the rotating shaft extends out of the casing. The separate arrangement provides convenience in maintenance and repair.

[0027] 7. In the above technical solution of the present invention, the boost chamber is arranged at the outer end of the casing, and the boost chamber and the chamber of the casing are connected by an air pipe, and a one-way valve is provided on the air pipe. Through the combined structure of the air pipe and the one-way valve, it is further achieved that when the motor stops running, the motor chamber can still maintain a positive pressure state for a long time, thereby preventing external water from entering the interior of the motor, preventing damage and burning of the motor insulation, and further improving the safety and reliability of the motor.

[0028] 8. In the above technical solution of the present invention, an inclined mating surface is provided between the oil seal deformable layer and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft, inclined toward the front end of the rotating shaft and the central axis of the rotating shaft. This increases the contact area between the oil seal deformable layer and the rotating shaft when the two are tightly fitted in the pressure-maintaining waterproof state. This ensures good waterproof performance under various operating conditions of the motor. In particular, in the pressure-maintaining waterproof state and when the motor is completely stopped, the oil seal deformable layer and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft are tightly fitted over a large area, thereby achieving a better sealing effect.

[0029] The length of the oil seal deformation layer extending inward from the oil seal skeleton layer ranges from 6 to 10 mm, and the thickness of the oil seal deformation layer ranges from 1.5 to 3 mm. The oil seal deformation layer and the rotating shaft have an interference fit of 0.5 to 1.5 mm. This design also ensures that the oil seal deformation layer can tightly fit with the waterproof section of the rotating shaft when the motor is in a pressure-maintaining and waterproof state and when the motor is completely stopped, further ensuring good sealing performance. Specifically, the design of an interference fit of 0.5 to 1.5 mm between the oil seal deformation layer and the rotating shaft can be adopted when the hardness of the rubber used in the oil seal deformation layer is 50 Shore A. The present invention is not limited to this and can also be designed with other sizes and fitting relationships based on performance requirements and material selection requirements.

[0030] 9. In the above technical solution of the present invention, a high-pressure chamber is provided in the chamber of the housing at the front end of the oil seal structure. The high-pressure chamber is connected to the boost chamber via a gas path, and the high-pressure gas generated in the boost chamber is directly transmitted to the high-pressure chamber via a pipeline. With this high-pressure chamber design, the high-pressure gas in the boost chamber is directly transmitted to the high-pressure chamber, allowing the generated high-pressure gas to act more directly on the oil seal deformation layer of the oil seal structure, thereby allowing the motor to enter a positive pressure waterproof state and a high-pressure decompression state more quickly, further reducing wear of the oil seal structure and further improving waterproof performance.

[0031] The high-pressure chamber includes an annular high-pressure structure, on which a high-pressure chamber is formed toward the rear end. With this structural design, the high-pressure chamber can better cooperate with the oil seal structure, and the oil seal structure is installed in the high-pressure chamber toward the rear end, which is a reasonable design.

[0032] The space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer forms a first chamber, and the space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer, the oil seal deformation layer, and the rotating shaft forms a second chamber. The first chamber and the second chamber are both annular. A high-pressure airflow path is formed in the motor from the boost chamber, the air pipe, the first chamber, the second chamber to the waterproof air gap. This design makes the flow channel design of the high-pressure airflow more reasonable, the attenuation of the high-pressure airflow is less, and the waterproof effect is better.

[0033] 10. In the above technical solution of the present invention, the pressure reducing valve automatically adjusts its opening according to the motor's operating speed, with a partially open state, a fully open state, and a closed state. In the closed state, the motor shaft rotates slowly, and the air pressure in the motor chamber is moderate. As the motor shaft speed increases, the air pressure in the motor chamber gradually increases, and the pressure reducing valve is partially open. At high-speed operation, the air pressure in the motor chamber is excessive, and the pressure reducing valve is fully open. This allows for flexible adaptation to various vehicle operating conditions.

[0034] 11. In the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, a check valve is installed in the air pipe between the boost chamber and the motor chamber. By controlling the selective and tight fit between the boost chamber, boost impeller, air pipe, pressure reducing valve, check valve, and the oil seal's deformable layer and waterproof section, a positive pressure state is consistently maintained inside the chamber before and after the motor is operated. This prevents external water from entering the motor, preventing damage to the motor insulation and burning, and improving the motor's safety and reliability.

[0035] Due to the application of the above scheme, the present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the prior art: 1. The above-mentioned scheme of the present invention is to address the problems of poor protection effect, poor durability and limitations of the existing motor protection structure of existing new energy vehicles, and thus design the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure of the present invention, the motor using the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, and the motor waterproof control method based on the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure for waterproof control.

[0036] 2. In the above scheme of the present invention, the present invention designs the main parts of the positive pressure water ingress prevention structure to include a boosting structure, an oil seal structure and a pressure reducing valve. The cooperation of the boosting structure, the oil seal structure and the pressure reducing valve enables the motor to have a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure pressure reducing state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state; wherein, the boosting structure is arranged on the positive pressure section of the rotating shaft, and effectively transports the pressurized air brought by the rotation of the motor itself into the motor chamber to form a high pressure greater than the external air pressure. A pressure reducing valve is also designed to adjust the air pressure in the motor chamber to flexibly match various working conditions of the vehicle.

[0037] 3. In the above solution of the present invention, the oil seal structure is arranged on the waterproof section of the rotating shaft, and the oil seal structure includes an oil seal skeleton layer as a support and an oil seal deformation layer that can generate deformation; because the motor speed of the new energy vehicle has a certain variation range when it is running, and the motor speed will change within a stable range when it is running in urban areas or on highways, when the rotating shaft of the motor rotates, it drives the supercharging structure to generate high pressure in the motor chamber. The high pressure greater than the external air pressure can effectively prevent the outside water from entering the motor through the oil seal on rainy days or when washing the vehicle, and can also enable the new energy vehicle to put the motor in a positive pressure waterproof state and a high pressure decompression state under most working conditions. When the motor is in the positive pressure waterproof state and the high pressure decompression state In the state, the pressure generated by the high-pressure air in the motor chamber lifts the oil seal deformation layer away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft to form a waterproof air gap. On the one hand, the high pressure is used to extremely effectively block external rainwater and impurities. On the other hand, when the motor is running at high speed, the oil seal deformation layer of the oil seal structure no longer directly contacts the rotating shaft. The oil seal deformation layer will only contact the waterproof section of the rotating shaft when the motor speed is low (for a period of time when the high pressure generated at low speed is not enough to support the oil seal deformation layer). In the process of the motor going from rotation to stop, the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer overcomes the pressure and fits tightly against the rotating shaft. The positive pressure state can still be maintained for a long time, and the chamber maintains a closed positive pressure to prevent external water from entering.

[0038] 4. In the above scheme of the present invention, each time the motor starts to run, the rotation of the shaft drives the boost structure to generate high pressure in the motor chamber. The high-pressure air can blow away the mud and gravel that may exist on / around the oil seal structure, ensuring that the oil seal structure and the waterproof section of the shaft remain free from foreign contamination, thereby avoiding friction and loss between the shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under high-speed operation, and reducing friction and loss between the shaft and the oil seal deformation layer under low-speed operation and other working conditions, greatly extending the service life of the oil seal structure, and also making the material selection of the oil seal structure no longer too limited, avoiding damage and burning of the motor insulation due to external water entering the interior of the motor, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the motor.

[0039] 5. In the above scheme of the present invention, a pressure reducing valve is used to adjust the opening at the same time, forming a stable pressure balance in the motor chamber, effectively controlling the internal pressure of the motor, and preventing the motor from malfunctioning due to excessive pressure when running at high speed. At the same time, the internal air and the external air can be exchanged at high speed, which is beneficial to the internal heat dissipation of the motor and improves the service life and stability of the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (1); Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (II); Figure 3 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 1); Figure 4 2 is a perspective schematic diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 2); Figure 5 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 1); Figure 6 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 2); Figure 7 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of a motor with a high-voltage chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 1); Figure 8 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of a motor with a high-voltage chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 2); Figure 9 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor with a high-voltage chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewing angle 1); Figure 10 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor with a high-voltage chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewpoint 2); Figure 11 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a motor with a high-voltage chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention (viewpoint three); Figure 12Schematic diagram of the connection between the high-pressure chamber, the boost structure, and the oil seal structure in an embodiment of the present invention (viewpoint one); Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the connection between the high-pressure chamber, the boost structure, and the oil seal structure in an embodiment of the present invention (viewpoint 2); Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the oil seal structure and the rotating shaft in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the dimensions of the oil seal structure and its cooperation with the rotating shaft in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] The various parts of the above drawings are shown as follows: 1. Casing; 2. Rotating shaft; 3. Supercharge structure; 31. Supercharge chamber; 311. Supercharge air inlet; 312. Supercharge air outlet; 32. Supercharge impeller; 4. Oil seal structure; 41. Oil seal skeleton layer; 42. Oil seal deformation layer; 5. Pressure reducing valve; 6. Trachea; 7. One-way valve; 8. Inclined mating surface; 9. High-pressure chamber; 90. High-pressure structure; 91. First chamber; 92. Second chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be clearly illustrated below with drawings and detailed descriptions. After understanding the embodiments of the present invention, any person skilled in the art will be able to make changes and modifications based on the techniques taught by the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0043] The present invention aims to solve the problems of poor durability and unsatisfactory protection effect in the existing motor protection technology, which designs a double-skeleton oil seal structure or a dynamic and static ring seal structure, or sets additional dust covers / dustproof parts, etc. In response to the urgent demand for the ever-increasing safety performance requirements of motors in existing new energy vehicles and rail transit, the present invention designs a motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, a motor using the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure, and a motor waterproof control method based on the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure for waterproof control.

[0044] Example 1, as shown in the attached Figure 1 To the attached Figure 15 As shown, a motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention is used to prevent water ingress to the motor. The motor includes a housing 1 and a rotating shaft 2. The housing 1 has a chamber. The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure includes: The positive pressure section and the waterproof section are arranged on the rotating shaft 2.

[0045] A boost structure 3 is provided on the casing 1 and corresponds to the positive pressure section. The boost structure 3 includes a boost chamber 31 and a boost impeller 32. The boost chamber 31 is connected to the chamber air path of the casing 1. A boost impeller 32 coaxial with the rotating shaft 2 is installed in the boost chamber 31.

[0046] An oil seal structure 4 is provided on the housing 1 and corresponds to the waterproof section. The oil seal structure 4 comprises an oil seal skeleton layer 41 and an oil seal deformation layer 42. Under no pressure, the oil seal deformation layer 42 tightly fits the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2. A pressure reducing valve 5 is provided on the housing 1 , and the pressure reducing valve 5 is communicated with the boost chamber 31 / chamber.

[0047] The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure is configured such that the cooperation of the boosting structure 3, the oil seal structure 4 and the pressure reducing valve 5 enables the motor to have a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure pressure reducing state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state.

[0048] In the positive pressure waterproof state, when the motor is running, the shaft 2 drives the boost impeller 32 to rotate, and high-pressure air is formed in the boost chamber 31 and fills the cavity. The pressure generated by the high-pressure air lifts the oil seal deformation layer 42 away from the waterproof section of the shaft 2 to form a waterproof air gap.

[0049] In the high-pressure, low-pressure state, the motor runs at high speed. When the high-pressure air in the boost chamber 31 exceeds a threshold, the pressure reducing valve 5 opens. The high-pressure air is discharged through the pressure reducing valve 5 and lifts the oil seal deformation layer 42 away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2, forming a waterproof air gap that connects the chamber and the boost chamber 31.

[0050] In the pressure-maintaining and waterproof state, the motor stops running, and the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer 42 overcomes the pressure and fits tightly against the shaft 2 , and the chamber maintains a closed positive pressure to prevent external water from entering.

[0051] The working process of the first embodiment of the present invention can be referred to as follows: When the motor is running, the motor shaft 2 drives the boost impeller 32 to rotate at high speed, forming a high-pressure air channel between the boost impeller 32 and the inner wall of the air boost chamber 31, sucking air into the air boost chamber 31 from the boost air inlet 311, and discharged to the motor chamber through the boost air outlet 312, so that a positive pressure environment is formed in the motor chamber, and the pressure is greater than the external air pressure.

[0052] Then, when the external environment is humid or the vehicle is cleaned, moisture may penetrate through failed static seals, loose wiring harness locking nut sleeves, and oil seals. However, since the motor chamber is in a positive pressure state, the external water cannot penetrate into the motor and can only stay on the surface of the motor casing.

[0053] Finally, the pressure reducing valve 5 automatically adjusts its opening according to the motor running speed to control the pressure in the motor chamber. When the motor runs at high speed, the pressure reducing valve 5 opens to a fully open state to prevent the internal pressure of the motor from being too high.

[0054] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present invention, the main part of the positive pressure anti-water ingress structure is designed to include a boosting structure, an oil seal structure 4 and a pressure reducing valve 5. The cooperation of the boosting structure 3, the oil seal structure 4 and the pressure reducing valve 5 enables the motor to have a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure pressure reducing state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state; wherein, the boosting structure 3 is arranged on the positive pressure section of the rotating shaft 2, and effectively transports the pressurized air brought by the rotation of the motor itself into the motor chamber to form a high pressure greater than the external air pressure. The pressure reducing valve 5 is also designed to adjust the air pressure in the motor chamber to flexibly match various working conditions of the vehicle; the oil seal structure 4 is arranged on the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2, and the oil seal structure 4 includes an oil seal skeleton layer 4 as a support. 1 and a deformable oil seal deformation layer 42; since the motor speed of the new energy vehicle has a certain variation range when it is running, and the motor speed will change within a stable range when it is running in urban areas or on highways, when the motor shaft 2 rotates, it drives the supercharging structure 3 to generate high pressure in the motor chamber. The high pressure greater than the external air pressure can effectively prevent external water from entering the motor through the oil seal on rainy days or when washing the vehicle, and can also enable the new energy vehicle to put the motor in a positive pressure waterproof state and a high pressure decompression state under most working conditions. When the motor is in the positive pressure waterproof state and the high pressure decompression state, the pressure generated by the high-pressure air in the motor chamber lifts the oil seal deformation layer 42 away from the waterproof section of the shaft 2 to form a waterproof air gap.

[0055] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present invention, on the one hand, high pressure is used to extremely effectively block external rainwater and impurities from the outside. On the other hand, the oil seal deformation layer 42 of the oil seal structure 4 is no longer in direct contact with the rotating shaft 2 when the motor is running at high speed. The oil seal deformation layer 42 will only contact the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2 when the motor speed is low (for a period of time when the high pressure generated at low speed is not enough to open the oil seal deformation layer 42). In the process from rotation to stop of the motor, the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer 42 overcomes the pressure and fits tightly with the rotating shaft 2. The positive pressure state can still be maintained for a long time, and the closed positive pressure is maintained in the chamber to prevent external Water enters, and every time the motor starts to run, the high-pressure air can blow away the mud and gravel that may exist on / around the oil seal structure 4, ensuring that the oil seal structure 4 and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2 remain free from foreign matter, thereby avoiding friction and loss between the rotating shaft 2 and the oil seal deformation layer 42 under high-speed operation, and reducing friction and loss between the rotating shaft 2 and the oil seal deformation layer 42 under low-speed operation and other working conditions, greatly increasing the service life of the oil seal structure 4, and also making the material selection of the oil seal structure 4 no longer too limited, avoiding damage and burning of the motor insulation due to external water entering the interior of the motor, and improving the safety and reliability of the motor.

[0056] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present invention, the pressure reducing valve 5 is used to adjust the opening at the same time, and a stable pressure balance is formed in the motor chamber, which effectively controls the internal pressure of the motor and prevents the motor from malfunctioning due to excessive pressure when running at high speed. At the same time, the internal air and the external air can be exchanged at high speed, which is beneficial to the internal heat dissipation of the motor and improves the service life and stability of the motor.

[0057] In the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9 As shown, the boost chamber 31 and the boost impeller 32 adopt an eccentric design. The boost chamber 31 is provided with a high-pressure outlet connected to the chamber of the casing 1. The outer diameter of the boost impeller 32 and the inner diameter of the boost chamber 31 are not circumferentially equal, and the circumferential distance between the two is the smallest at the high-pressure outlet. This design improves the boost efficiency of the boost impeller 32. During the operation of the motor, as the motor speed increases, it can provide more stable and high-pressure boosted gas. Specifically, the boost impeller 32 is connected to the motor shaft 2. The motor operation drives the boost impeller 32 to rotate, which can continuously input high-pressure air into the motor chamber to form a stable pressure balance, effectively solving the problem of the motor chamber maintaining a positive pressure state, avoiding the entry of external water into the motor, and avoiding damage and burning of the motor insulation, further improving the safety and reliability of the motor.

[0058] Specifically, the boost impeller 32 adopts a straight blade structure. During the operation of the motor, the forward and reverse rotation of the rotating shaft 2 will pump external air into the boost chamber 31 to form high-pressure air, thereby ensuring that high-pressure gas can always be pumped into the motor chamber during the operation of the motor, forming an effective positive pressure state to prevent external water from entering the interior of the motor.

[0059] In the first embodiment of the present invention, when the boost chamber 31 is integrated with the casing 1, a partition is provided between the boost chamber 31 and the cavity in the casing 1. The integrated arrangement can make the structure more compact and further reduce the volume.

[0060] Embodiment 2: Embodiment 2 of the present invention proposes a motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure for preventing water ingress of the motor, such as Figures 7 to 13 As shown, the motor includes a casing 1 and a rotating shaft 2. The casing 1 has a chamber. The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure includes a positive pressure section and a waterproof section provided on the rotating shaft 2, a boosting structure 3 provided on the casing 1 and corresponding to the positive pressure section, an oil seal structure 4 provided on the casing 1 and corresponding to the waterproof section, and a high-pressure chamber 9 provided at the front end of the oil seal structure 4. The boosting chamber 31 is separated from the casing 1. The boosting chamber 31 is provided at the rear end of the casing 1. The boosting impeller 32 is provided at the rear end of the rotating shaft 2 extending out of the casing 1. The separate setting provides convenience in maintenance and repair.

[0061] In the second embodiment of the present invention, the boost structure 3 includes a boost chamber 31 and a boost impeller 32 . The boost chamber 31 is in air communication with the chamber of the casing 1 . The boost impeller 32 coaxial with the rotating shaft 2 is installed in the boost chamber 31 .

[0062] In the second embodiment of the present invention, Figure 14 、 Figure 15 As shown, the oil seal structure 4 comprises an oil seal skeleton layer 41 and an oil seal deformation layer 42 . Under no pressure, the oil seal deformation layer 42 is tightly fitted with the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2 .

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 15 As shown, an inclined mating surface 8 inclined toward the front end of the rotating shaft 2 and the central axis of the rotating shaft 2 is provided between the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2, so as to increase the contact area between the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the rotating shaft 2 when the two are tightly fitted in the pressure-maintaining waterproof state, thereby ensuring good waterproof performance under various operating conditions of the motor, especially in the pressure-maintaining waterproof state and the state where the motor is completely stopped, so that the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2 are tightly fitted over a large area, thereby achieving a better sealing effect.

[0064] Furthermore, Figure 15As shown, the length of the oil seal deformable layer 42 extending inward from the oil seal skeleton layer 41 ranges from 6 to 10 mm, and the thickness of the oil seal deformable layer 42 ranges from 1.5 to 3 mm. The oil seal deformable layer 42 has an interference fit with the rotating shaft 2, with the interference fit being 0.5 to 1.5 mm. This design also ensures that the oil seal deformable layer 42 can be tightly attached to the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2 when the motor is in the pressure-maintaining and waterproof state, as well as when the motor is completely stopped, further ensuring good sealing performance. Specifically, the design of an interference fit of 0.5 to 1.5 mm between the oil seal deformable layer 42 and the rotating shaft 2 can be adopted when the rubber hardness of the oil seal deformable layer 42 is 50 Shore A. The present invention is not limited to this design and can also be designed with other dimensions and fitting relationships based on performance requirements and material selection requirements.

[0065] In setting the length range of the oil seal deformation layer 42 extending inward from the oil seal skeleton layer 41, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, etc. can be used; in setting the thickness range of the oil seal deformation layer 42, 1.5 mm, 1.7 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, etc. can be used; in setting the thickness range of the oil seal deformation layer 42, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, etc. can be used; in setting the interference amount between the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the rotating shaft 2, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, etc. can be used.

[0066] In the second embodiment of the present invention, Figure 12 、 Figure 13 As shown, the high-pressure chamber 9 is connected to the boost chamber 31 through an air path, and the high-pressure gas generated in the boost chamber 31 is directly transmitted to the high-pressure chamber 9 through the pipeline; with this design of the high-pressure chamber 9, the high-pressure gas in the boost chamber 31 is directly transported to the high-pressure chamber 9, so that the generated high-pressure gas acts more directly on the oil seal deformation layer 42 of the oil seal structure 4, so that the motor can enter the positive pressure waterproof state and the high-pressure decompression state more quickly, further reducing the wear of the oil seal structure 4 and further improving the waterproof performance.

[0067] Specifically, the high-pressure chamber 9 includes an annular high-pressure structure 90, on which a high-pressure chamber is formed toward the rear end; with this structural design, the high-pressure chamber 9 can better cooperate with the oil seal structure 4, and the oil seal structure 4 is installed in the high-pressure chamber toward the rear end, which is a reasonable design.

[0068] Furthermore, the space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer 41 forms a first chamber 91, and the space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer 41, the oil seal deformation layer 42, and the rotating shaft 2 forms a second chamber 92. The first chamber 91 and the second chamber 92 are both annular. A high-pressure airflow path is formed in the motor from the boost chamber 31, the air pipe 6, the first chamber 91, the second chamber 92 to the waterproof air gap. This design makes the flow channel design of the high-pressure airflow more reasonable, the attenuation of the high-pressure airflow is less, and the waterproof effect is better.

[0069] In the second embodiment of the present invention, a check valve 7 is added to the air pipe 6 between the boost chamber 31 and the high-pressure chamber 9. By controlling the selective and tight fit between the boost chamber 31, the boost impeller 32, the air pipe 6, the pressure-reducing valve 5, the check valve 7, and the oil seal deformable layer 42 and the waterproof section, a positive pressure state is maintained inside the chamber before and after the motor is operated. This prevents water from entering the motor, preventing damage to the motor insulation and burning, and improving the motor's safety and reliability.

[0070] In the second embodiment of the present invention, the pressure reducing valve 5 automatically adjusts its opening according to the motor speed, with a partially open state, a fully open state, and a closed state. In the closed state, the motor shaft 2 rotates slowly, and the air pressure in the motor chamber is moderate. As the motor shaft 2 rotates faster, the air pressure in the motor chamber gradually increases, and the pressure reducing valve 5 is partially open. When the motor shaft 2 rotates at high speed, the air pressure in the motor chamber is excessive, and the pressure reducing valve 5 is fully open. This allows for flexible adaptation to various vehicle operating conditions.

[0071] Embodiment 3. Embodiment 3 of the present invention proposes a motor, which includes a housing 1 and a rotating shaft 2. The housing 1 has a chamber. The motor includes a motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure as described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The motor has better waterproof performance, avoids damage and burning of the motor insulation due to external water entering the interior of the motor, improves the safety and reliability of the motor, and can be applied to motor drives of new energy vehicles.

[0072] Embodiment 4: Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a motor waterproof control method. The motor waterproof control method is based on the motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure as described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 of the present invention to perform waterproof control. The motor waterproof control method includes the following steps: Assemble the motor's positive pressure water ingress prevention structure in the motor; When the motor is running, the boost structure generates different positive pressure environments at different motor speeds. The opening of the pressure reducing valve 5 is set according to the air pressure value in the inner cavity of the motor. The openings of the pressure reducing valve 5 are partially open, fully open, and closed. When the motor is in the first speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer 42. The oil seal deformation layer 42 deforms but does not break away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2. The high pressure environment in the chamber prevents foreign matter from entering the interior of the motor. When the motor is in the second speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformable layer 42. After the oil seal deformable layer 42 is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformable layer 42 and the waterproof section, and air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the motor is in the third speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformable layer 42. After the oil seal deformable layer 42 is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformable layer 42 and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the pressure in the chamber is too high, the pressure reducing valve 5 is partially opened to prevent the internal pressure of the motor from being too high. When the motor is in the fourth speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformable layer 42. After the oil seal deformable layer 42 is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft 2. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformable layer 42 and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. The pressure in the chamber is too high, and the pressure reducing valves 5 are all opened. The motor is switched to motor stop in the second speed range, the third speed range, and the fourth speed range. During the motor stop process, the pressure reducing valve 5 is closed after reaching the set range value, and the waterproof air gap between the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the waterproof section gradually shrinks until the two are tightly fitted; when the motor is switched from the first speed range to motor stop, the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the waterproof section are always tightly fitted; after the motor completely stops, the motor chamber always maintains a positive pressure state for a long time to prevent external debris from entering the motor.

[0073] In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the first speed range, the second speed range, the third speed range, and the fourth speed range can be set in order from small to large.

[0074] In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, a check valve is incorporated into the air pipe between the boost chamber and the motor chamber. By controlling the selective, tight fit between the boost chamber, boost impeller, air pipe, pressure-reducing valve, check valve, and the oil seal's deformable layer and waterproof section, a positive pressure state is consistently maintained within the chamber before and after the motor is operated. This prevents water from entering the motor, preventing damage to the motor's insulation and burning, and improving the motor's safety and reliability.

[0075] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, the combination of the boosting structure 3, the oil seal structure 4, and the pressure reducing valve 5 makes the motor cavity in a positive pressure state during operation and for a period of time when it stops operating. The high pressure is used to extremely effectively block external rainwater and impurities from the outside. It also makes it so that the oil seal deformation layer 42 of the oil seal structure 4 no longer directly contacts the rotating shaft 2 when the motor is running at high speed, avoiding friction and loss between the oil seal deformation layer 42 and the rotating shaft 2 when the rotating shaft 2 is running at high speed, and reducing friction and loss between the rotating shaft 2 and the oil seal deformation layer 42 under low-speed operation and other working conditions, greatly increasing the service life of the oil seal structure 4, avoiding damage and burning of the motor insulation due to external water entering the motor, and improving the safety and reliability of the motor. At the same time, the pressure reducing valve 5 is used to adjust the opening, forming a stable pressure balance in the motor cavity, effectively controlling the internal pressure of the motor, and preventing the motor from malfunctioning due to excessive pressure when running at high speed. At the same time, the internal air can be exchanged with the external air under high speed, which is beneficial to the internal heat dissipation of the motor, and improving the service life and stability of the motor, thereby achieving the purpose of the present invention.

[0076] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure is used to prevent water from entering the motor. The motor includes a housing and a rotating shaft. The housing has a chamber, which is characterized by: The positive pressure anti-water ingress structure comprises: A positive pressure section and a waterproof section provided on the rotating shaft; a boosting structure provided on the casing and corresponding to the positive pressure section, the boosting structure comprising a boosting chamber and a boosting impeller, the boosting chamber being in air communication with the chamber of the casing, the boosting impeller being installed in the boosting chamber coaxial with the rotating shaft; An oil seal structure is provided on the housing and corresponds to the waterproof section. The oil seal structure comprises an oil seal skeleton layer and an oil seal deformation layer. Under no pressure, the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft are tightly fitted. A pressure reducing valve provided on the housing, the pressure reducing valve being in communication with the pressurization chamber / cavity; The positive pressure water ingress prevention structure is configured such that the motor has a positive pressure waterproof state, a high pressure decompression state and a pressure maintaining waterproof state by the cooperation of the boosting structure, the oil seal structure and the pressure reducing valve; In the positive pressure waterproof state, when the motor is running, the shaft drives the boost impeller to rotate, and high-pressure air is formed in the boost chamber and fills the cavity. The pressure generated by the high-pressure air lifts the oil seal deformation layer away from the waterproof section of the shaft to form a waterproof air gap; In the high-pressure decompression state, the motor runs at high speed, and the pressure reducing valve opens when the high-pressure air in the boost chamber exceeds the threshold; the high-pressure air is discharged through the pressure reducing valve and lifts the oil seal deformation layer away from the waterproof section of the shaft to form a waterproof air gap connected to the chamber and the boost chamber air path; In the pressure-maintaining and waterproof state, the motor stops running and the pressure in the chamber decreases until the oil seal deformation layer overcomes the pressure and fits tightly against the shaft. The chamber maintains a closed positive pressure to prevent external water from entering.

2. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost chamber and the boost impeller are designed to be eccentric. The boost chamber is provided with a high-pressure outlet connected to the chamber of the casing. The outer diameter of the boost impeller and the inner diameter of the boost chamber are not equal in circumferential distance, and the circumferential distance between the two is the smallest at the high-pressure outlet.

3. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost impeller adopts a straight blade structure. During the operation of the motor, both the forward and reverse rotation of the rotating shaft pumps external air into the boost chamber to form high-pressure air.

4. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost chamber is integrally provided with the casing, a partition is provided between the boost chamber and the chamber in the casing, and the high-pressure outlet of the boost chamber is a through hole provided on the partition.

5. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost chamber is arranged at the outer end of the casing, and the boost chamber and the chamber of the casing are connected by an air pipe, on which a one-way valve is arranged.

6. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inclined mating surface is provided between the oil seal deformable layer and the waterproof section of the rotating shaft, which is inclined toward the front end of the rotating shaft and the central axis of the rotating shaft, so as to increase the contact area between the oil seal deformable layer and the rotating shaft when the two are tightly fitted in the pressure-maintaining and waterproof state; The length of the oil seal deformation layer extending inward from the oil seal skeleton layer ranges from 6 to 10 mm, the thickness of the oil seal deformation layer ranges from 1.5 to 3 mm, and the oil seal deformation layer has an interference fit with the rotating shaft, and the interference amount is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

7. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-pressure chamber is provided in the chamber of the housing at the front end of the oil seal structure. The high-pressure chamber is connected to the boost chamber through a pipeline, and the high-pressure gas generated in the boost chamber is directly transmitted to the high-pressure chamber through the pipeline; The high-pressure chamber includes an annular high-pressure structure, and a high-pressure chamber is formed on the high-pressure structure toward the rear end; The space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer forms a first chamber, and the space between the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber and the oil seal skeleton layer, the oil seal deformation layer, and the rotating shaft forms a second chamber. The first chamber and the second chamber are both annular, and a high-pressure airflow path is formed in the motor from the boost chamber, the air pipe, the first chamber, the second chamber to the waterproof air gap.

8. The motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure reducing valve automatically adjusts its opening according to the running speed of the motor, and has a partially open state, a fully open state and a closed state.

9. A motor, characterized in that: The motor includes a housing and a rotating shaft. The housing has a chamber. The motor includes the motor positive pressure water ingress prevention structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A motor waterproof control method, characterized in that: The motor waterproof control method is based on the motor positive pressure anti-water ingress structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for waterproof control, and the motor waterproof control method includes the following: Assemble the motor's positive pressure water ingress prevention structure in the motor; When the motor is running, the boost structure generates different positive pressure environments at different motor speeds. The opening of the pressure reducing valve is set according to the air pressure value in the inner cavity of the motor. The openings of the pressure reducing valve are partially open, fully open, and closed. When the motor is in the first speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer, causing the oil seal deformation layer to deform without losing contact with the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. The high-pressure environment in the chamber prevents external debris from entering the motor. When the motor is in the second speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section, and air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the motor is in the third speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. When the pressure in the chamber is too high, the pressure reducing valve partially opens to prevent the internal pressure of the motor from being too high. When the motor is in the fourth speed range, the positive pressure generated by the boost structure applies outward pressure to the oil seal deformation layer. After the oil seal deformation layer is deformed, it breaks away from the waterproof section of the rotating shaft. A waterproof air gap is formed between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section. Air is ejected outward from the chamber to prevent external debris from entering. The pressure in the chamber is too high, and all the pressure reducing valves are opened. The motor stops when it switches to the second speed range, the third speed range, and the fourth speed range. During the motor stop process, the pressure reducing valve closes after reaching the set range value, and the waterproof air gap between the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section gradually shrinks until the two are tightly fitted together; when the motor stops when it switches from the first speed range, the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section are always tightly fitted together; after the motor completely stops, the motor chamber always maintains a positive pressure state for a long time to prevent external debris from entering the motor.

11. A motor waterproof control method according to claim 10, characterized in that: A one-way valve control is added to the air pipe between the boost chamber and the motor chamber. By controlling the selective tight fit between the boost chamber, boost impeller, air pipe, pressure reducing valve, one-way valve, and the oil seal deformation layer and the waterproof section, the positive pressure inside the chamber is always maintained before and after the motor is running.

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