Ocean self-driven monitoring device

Abstract

The invention provides an ocean self-driven monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of nanometer friction. The device comprises a central bearing plate, a plurality of pairs of protection plates, a rotating column, a power supply assembly and a power utilization assembly. According to the ocean self-driven monitoring device, the photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly, the water drop friction power generation assembly and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation assembly are integrated through the center bearing plate, the protection plate, the rotating column and other structures, efficient power generation is achieved through multiple kinds of energy of the ocean, meanwhile, the power source assembly is arranged, electric energy is reasonably distributed and utilized, and the service life of the ocean self-driven monitoring device is prolonged. And a sensor, a controller and a signal transceiving unit in the electric component are adopted to realize ocean self-driven monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nano-friction technology, in particular to a marine self-driven monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Solar energy, Earth's primary energy source, is widely harvested by humans using photovoltaic power generation technology, often used on land. The marine environment offers numerous advantages for photovoltaic power generation, including unobstructed access, abundant spatial resources, and excellent lighting conditions.

[0003] The ocean is a rich energy reservoir, storing a wide variety of ocean energy in various quantities, such as wave energy, tidal energy, and thermal energy. Among them, wave energy and tidal energy are the most widely used. The traditional way to utilize wave energy mainly uses electromagnetic induction generators, but their application in this field has many inconveniences. First, the output power of generators based on Faraday's electromagnetic induction principle is proportional to the square of the frequency, and the low frequency (<3Hz) and disorder of waves make it impossible to efficiently collect wave energy. Second, electromagnetic induction generators require a series of complex equipment to convert the mechanical energy of ocean waves into electrical energy, resulting in large size and high cost, which is not conducive to coping with the changeable and extreme climate environment on the ocean.

[0004] Frequent rainy days in the ocean pose challenges for photovoltaic power generation. Rainy days are often accompanied by dramatic waves and heavy downpours, and the energy contained in these days requires new methods to collect, store, and utilize. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problem of frequent rainy weather in the ocean, which makes photovoltaic power generation difficult, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-propelled ocean monitoring device. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] A self-propelled marine monitoring device is provided, comprising:

[0007] A central supporting plate, wherein a slot is provided on the central supporting plate, and a photovoltaic thermoelectric component is provided in the slot;

[0008] Multiple pairs of protection plates, each of which is disposed around the central support plate and tilted inward, with water droplet friction power generation components attached to outer surfaces of the protection plates;

[0009] A rotating column rotatably connected to the bottom of the central support plate, with multiple extension arms provided on the sidewalls of the rotating column, and F-TENG flexible kelp power generation components provided at the ends of the extension arms;

[0010] A power supply assembly, the photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly, the water droplet friction power generation assembly, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation assembly are all electrically connected to the power supply assembly;

[0011] The power supply component is communicatively connected to the power supply component, and the power supply component includes: a sensor, a controller and a signal transceiver unit. The sensor is communicatively connected to the controller, the sensor can send a signal to the controller, and the signal transceiver unit is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0012] Optionally, the photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly comprises: a plurality of photovoltaic panels, thermoelectric power generation sheets and aluminum fins;

[0013] The hot end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is the photovoltaic panel, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is the aluminum fin.

[0014] Optionally, the water droplet friction power generation component includes a copper foil, a thin film layer and a wire; the thin film layer covers the copper foil, and the copper foil is connected to the power supply component through the wire;

[0015] The film layer is an FEP film or a PTFE film.

[0016] Optionally, the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component includes a PTFE film located in the middle and a pair of PET films connected on both sides of the PTFE film through conductive ink.

[0017] Optionally, the power supply assembly includes a power supply integration unit, a charge and discharge management unit, and an energy storage unit;

[0018] The photovoltaic thermoelectric component, the water drop friction power generation component, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component are all electrically connected to the power integration unit;

[0019] The power integration unit is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management unit;

[0020] The charge and discharge management unit is electrically connected to the power-consuming component and the energy storage unit.

[0021] Optionally, the water droplet friction power generation assembly includes four water droplet power generation units, two adjacent water droplet power generation units are connected in parallel, and the two parallel units formed are connected in series;

[0022] The power integration unit includes a filter capacitor and a reverse diode, and is electrically connected to the water droplet friction power generation component.

[0023] Optionally, the power integration unit includes a double-boost rectifier circuit and a filter component, and is electrically connected to the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component.

[0024] Optionally, a floating plate is further connected to the bottom of the central supporting plate;

[0025] The floating plate is provided with a through hole, the rotating column is inserted into the through hole and is rotatably connected to the central supporting plate through a bearing, and the bearing has a waterproof shell.

[0026] Optionally, the protection plate includes a bottom plate, inclined side plates and reinforcing ribs;

[0027] The bottom plate is connected to the periphery of the central supporting plate, the inclined side plates are connected to the outer ends of the bottom plate and the tops are inclined inwards, and the reinforcing ribs are provided between the inclined side plates and the bottom plate;

[0028] The inclined side panels and the bottom panel are sealed and bonded with waterproof glue.

[0029] Optionally, a groove is formed on the side periphery of the central supporting plate;

[0030] The inner end portion of the bottom plate is provided with a convex beam corresponding to the groove, and the convex beam is inserted into the groove and fixed.

[0031] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0032] The ocean self-driving monitoring device provided by the present invention integrates photovoltaic thermoelectric components, water droplet friction power generation components and F-TENG flexible kelp power generation components through structures such as a central support plate, a protective plate and a rotating column, and utilizes multiple ocean energy sources to achieve efficient power generation. At the same time, by configuring power supply components, the electrical energy is rationally distributed and utilized, and the sensors, controllers and signal transceiver units in the power-consuming components are used to realize ocean self-driving monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic oblique top view of the structure of an assembly of a self-propelled marine monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic oblique side view of the structure of a self-propelled marine monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a self-propelled marine monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4A schematic structural diagram of a central support plate and inclined side plates of a self-propelled marine monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the top structure of a self-propelled marine monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a water droplet friction power generation component provided in an embodiment of the invention;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the F-TENG structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a bearing waterproof housing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the oblique side structure of an inclined side panel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of a rotating column and an embolization plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of a waterproof housing for a rotating cylindrical bearing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 A schematic structural diagram of a transparent plate support for an inclined side plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of an upward inclined structure of a central supporting plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a downwardly inclined structure of a central supporting plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the top structure of a central support plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Reference numerals:

[0050] 11. Center support plate; 12. Longitudinal groove; 13. Slot; 14. Groove; 15. Bearing column;

[0051] 2. Protective plate; 21. Inclined side panel; 22. Wire hole; 24. Reinforcement rib; 25. Convex beam; 23. Support; 26. Bottom plate;

[0052] 3. Rotating column; 31. Center column; 32. Plug; 33. Extension arm; 34. Waterproof housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0055] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] The present invention provides a self-propelled marine monitoring device. Figures 1 to 5 The device includes: a central supporting plate 11, multiple pairs of protection plates 2, a rotating column 3, a power supply component and an electrical component.

[0057] The center support plate 11 is provided with a slot 13, in which a photovoltaic thermoelectric component is provided, which can generate electricity using solar energy. Specifically, the photovoltaic thermoelectric component is fixed by the slot 13, thereby improving the stability of the device.

[0058] It should be noted that in the ocean, in addition to solar energy, rainy weather is frequent and heavy rain can produce a greater impact force. Rainy weather is often accompanied by violent wave fluctuations. The energy contained in it can be collected, stored and utilized in new ways, which are described in detail below.

[0059] Multiple pairs of protective plates 2 are arranged around a central support plate 11 and angled inward. A water droplet triboelectric generator assembly is attached to the outer surface of the protective plates 2. This assembly is based on the principles of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. When ocean water droplets (such as sea spray or rain) impact the outer surface of the protective plates 2, they come into contact with and separate from the friction material (such as a polymer), imparting equal but opposite charges to both. This charge is collected by electrodes, creating a potential difference that is transmitted through circuitry to the power supply assembly. This system utilizes the kinetic energy of ocean water droplets to generate electricity, converting the impact energy of water droplets generated by waves and rainfall into electrical energy. This system is suitable for high-humidity, high-surface marine environments.

[0060] In this structure, the inward-tilted protective plate 2 guides water droplets along the plate surface, extending friction contact time and improving power generation efficiency. The protective plate 2 surrounds the central support plate 11, forming an external protective structure to reduce damage to the photovoltaic and thermoelectric components from external impacts.

[0061] The rotating column 3 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the central support plate 11. Multiple extension arms 33 are mounted on the sidewalls of the rotating column 3. The ends of these extension arms 33 are equipped with F-TENG (Fibrous Triboelectric Nanogenerator) flexible kelp power generation modules. This F-TENG flexible kelp power generation module simulates the swaying motion of kelp in response to ocean currents. The flexible power generation layer at the end of the extension arms 33 bends, sways, or vibrates in response to the ocean currents. The friction material within the power generation layer generates triboelectric charge due to relative motion, which, combined with the electrostatic induction effect, converts the kinetic energy of the ocean current into electricity. The rotating column 3 is freely rotatable, ensuring that the extension arms 33 are always aligned with the direction of the water current, maximizing kinetic energy capture. Furthermore, its flexible structure prevents rigid collisions, enhancing the device's durability and impact resistance in complex sea conditions.

[0062] The photovoltaic thermoelectric module, the water droplet friction power module, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power module are all electrically connected to the power module. Through rectification, filtering, and voltage stabilization, the power module converts AC power from various sources or unstable DC power into stable DC power, which is then stored in an energy storage device (such as a lithium battery). By integrating multiple sources of power, including photovoltaics, water droplet friction, and ocean current energy, the system achieves "generate, use, and store" instantaneously, avoiding power outages caused by fluctuations in a single energy source. This provides continuous and stable power to the power-consuming components, ensuring 24 / 7 operation of the monitoring function.

[0063] The power supply component and the power-consuming component are both communicatively connected. The power-consuming component includes: a sensor, a controller and a signal transceiver unit. The sensor is communicatively connected to the controller. The sensor can send signals to the controller. The signal transceiver unit is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0064] These sensors can be of various types. For example, physical sensors can measure temperature, salinity, flow rate, and pressure. Chemical sensors can detect dissolved oxygen, pH, and pollutant concentrations. Biosensors can monitor plankton and fish activity. These sensors can collect real-time marine environmental data, providing raw information for marine monitoring, ecological research, and disaster warning.

[0065] The controller receives sensor signals and performs data processing, analysis, and logical analysis. For example, electrical components can utilize a single-chip microcontroller signal transceiver system consisting of an STM32 microcontroller, a DS18B20 probe, and a wireless transceiver module. The DS18B20 probe is a single-bus digital temperature sensor primarily used for high-precision temperature measurement. Its core advantage is its single-bus protocol for data transmission, supporting multi-point networking and long-distance communication. It is widely used in industrial control, smart homes, medical equipment, and other scenarios.

[0066] The signal transceiver unit transmits the controller's processed data to a shore-based monitoring center or cloud platform via wireless communication modules (such as 4G / 5G, satellite communications, and underwater acoustic communications) or wired interfaces. This enables remote, real-time data transmission, supporting remote monitoring and command reception, such as remotely configuring sensor parameters or initiating specific monitoring tasks.

[0067] The ocean self-driving monitoring device provided by the present invention integrates photovoltaic thermoelectric components, water droplet friction power generation components and F-TENG flexible kelp power generation components through structures such as the central support plate 11, the protective plate 2 and the rotating column 3, and utilizes multiple ocean energy sources to achieve efficient power generation. At the same time, by configuring power supply components, the electrical energy is reasonably distributed and utilized, and the sensors, controllers and signal transceiver units in the power-consuming components are used to realize ocean self-driving monitoring.

[0068] The device's power generation system works as follows: In an ocean environment, the regular and continuous action of waves and rainwater triggers frictional power generation in the device's water droplet triboelectric components and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component. External mechanical forces on the power generation components trigger interactions between the internal dielectric materials, causing charge transfer and establishing a closed-loop current. Under favorable conditions, such as clear skies, the photovoltaic and thermoelectric components generate electricity through the photoelectric effect when exposed to sunlight. Over time, due to the photovoltaic panels' inherent power limitations and electromagnetic waves in non-receiving frequency bands, heat accumulates. Simultaneously, the temperature differential between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric module, made of aluminum fins in contact with seawater, creates a temperature difference, generating electricity through the Seebeck effect. While the microcontroller is operating, any excess energy is stored in the battery pack via the power management module.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic thermoelectric module comprises: multiple photovoltaic panels, thermoelectric sheets, and aluminum fins; the hot end of the thermoelectric sheet is the photovoltaic panel, and the cold end of the thermoelectric sheet is the aluminum fin. In addition to utilizing sunlight to illuminate the photovoltaic material, where photons excite electrons to generate an electromotive force, thus converting light energy into electricity, this photovoltaic thermoelectric module also utilizes the thermoelectric effect to generate electricity. This is based on the Seebeck effect: when a temperature difference exists between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric sheet, carriers in the internal semiconductor material migrate toward the cold end due to thermal diffusion, creating a potential difference and directly converting thermal energy into electricity. Power generation efficiency is positively correlated with the temperature difference; a larger temperature difference results in higher output voltage and power.

[0070] Specifically, this thermoelectric generator uses a PN junction. When the hot end of the PN junction absorbs heat, the carriers in the semiconductor (holes in the P-type semiconductor and electrons in the N-type semiconductor) gain energy and diffuse toward the cold end. In a P-type semiconductor, holes migrate from the hot end to the cold end, resulting in a lack of holes at the hot end and a negative charge, while the cold end accumulates holes and becomes positively charged. In an N-type semiconductor, electrons migrate from the hot end to the cold end, resulting in a lack of electrons at the hot end and a positive charge, while the cold end accumulates electrons and becomes negatively charged. A potential difference forms between the hot and cold ends of each PN junction unit. When multiple PN junctions are connected in series, the total voltage is added, generating current when connected to an external load. The greater the temperature difference, the faster the carrier diffusion rate, resulting in higher output voltage and power.

[0071] The slots 13 of the central support plate 11 are filled with aluminum fins, a number of PN junction thermoelectric generators, and a number of photovoltaic panels, and the gaps are filled with thermal conductive silicone. The thermoelectric generators and photovoltaic panels are connected in series, and then connected in series again after the diodes are reversed.

[0072] There is no requirement for the number of the above photovoltaic panels and thermoelectric power generation sheets. The only requirement is that the photovoltaic panels can cover the thermoelectric power generation sheets and not exceed the limit.

[0073] By integrating photovoltaic panels with thermoelectric power generation sheets and aluminum fins, waste heat recovery and thermoelectric power generation can be achieved. At the same time, solar energy and ambient temperature difference energy are utilized to improve energy utilization efficiency. In particular, thermoelectric power generation can serve as a supplement when there is insufficient light or at night.

[0074] In the photovoltaic thermoelectric system of the present invention, the solar module is the device that generates solar power. It consists of multiple solar cells. To avoid internal friction caused by different voltages generated by different solar cells when connected in parallel due to illumination angles, these cells are connected in series. A solar cell is essentially a thin photoelectric semiconductor wafer that instantly outputs voltage and current upon exposure to light. Specifically, it is a photoelectric conversion unit formed from a PN junction structure of semiconductor material. When sunlight strikes a semiconductor PN junction, new hole-electron pairs are generated. Under the influence of the PN junction's electric field, photogenerated holes flow to the P region and photogenerated electrons flow to the N region, generating current when the circuit is connected. Because the current output by a single solar cell is relatively small, connecting multiple solar cells in series or parallel can output a current that meets power storage requirements to an external circuit. The PN junction can be formed from doped semiconductor material, a semiconductor thin film, or other thin-film materials. Solar cell types in the present invention include crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells have relatively low production equipment costs, but their energy consumption and battery costs are high. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency is very high, making them suitable for outdoor power generation under sunlight. Thin-film solar cells have higher production equipment costs, but their energy consumption and battery costs are lower. Although their photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than that of crystalline silicon solar cells, they have excellent low-light performance and can generate electricity even under ordinary lighting. Due to the special rainy environment of the ocean, marine photovoltaic systems generally use crystalline silicon solar cells.

[0075] The thermoelectric module in a photovoltaic thermoelectric system is composed of multiple thermoelectric cells connected in series. In the stacked structure of a photovoltaic thermoelectric system, the hot end of the thermoelectric cell is the solar panel, which stores heat, and the cold end is the aluminum fin in contact with the seawater. To prevent power loss due to air's poor thermal conductivity, the interlayers are filled with thermally conductive silicone. The fundamental principle behind thermoelectric cells is the Seebeck effect. Also known as the first thermoelectric effect, the Seebeck effect is a thermoelectric phenomenon in which a voltage difference is generated between two different conductors or semiconductors due to a temperature difference. The direction of the thermoelectric potential is generally defined as electrons flowing from negative to positive at the hot end. For example, taking a circuit consisting of two metals A and B, when the two contact points have different temperatures, a current (thermocurrent) flows in the circuit. The corresponding electromotive force (electromotive force) is the thermoelectric potential, and its direction is determined by the direction of the temperature gradient. The cause of this phenomenon is that, under the influence of a temperature gradient, charge carriers within the conductor migrate from the hot end to the cold end, where they accumulate at the cold end, creating a potential difference within the material. At the same time, this potential difference triggers a reverse charge flow. When the charge flow from thermal motion reaches a dynamic equilibrium with the internal electric field, a stable thermoelectric potential is generated across the semiconductor. Given the relatively large thermoelectric potential of semiconductors, they can be used as thermoelectric generators. In the marine environment, the vast surface layer of seawater can be considered a stable cold source. Using the heat-storing solar panels as a heat source not only enables thermoelectric power generation, but also utilizes waste heat, improving the power factor of solar power generation.

[0076] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the basic principles of the water droplet friction power generation component and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component are both nano-friction power generation technology, that is, when under the action of ocean wave energy, tidal energy, etc., dielectric materials rub against each other, and due to different electronegativity, charge transfer occurs, and moves in the external circuit to form current.

[0077] See Figure 6 In one embodiment provided by the present invention, a water droplet friction power generation component includes a copper foil, a film layer and a wire; the film layer covers the copper foil, and the copper foil is connected to the power supply component through a wire; the film layer is an FEP (fluoroethylene propylene) film or a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film.

[0078] The copper foil serves as the base electrode, providing a path for electron transfer. A thin film layer, covering the copper foil's surface, acts as a triboelectric polymer. Wires connect the copper foil to the power supply, transmitting the friction-generated charge.

[0079] Triboelectric charging: When ocean water droplets impact or flow across the film surface, charge transfer occurs between the water molecules and the film material due to differences in electron affinity. Because FEP and PTFE are both strongly electronegative, they readily capture electrons from the weakly electropositive water molecules, leaving the film surface negatively charged and the water droplets positively charged. Charge accumulates at the film-water droplet interface, forming an electrical double layer.

[0080] Electrostatic induction power generation stage: When water droplets leave the surface of the film, the double electrical layer separates, and the negative charge on the surface of the film layer flows to the power supply component through the copper foil and wires, forming an instantaneous current; then, the grounded conductor in the environment (such as seawater, metal structure of the device) replenishes electrons through electrostatic induction, restoring the electrical neutrality of the copper foil, waiting for the next water drop impact, forming a continuous charge cycle.

[0081] Through the above structure, when the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic thermoelectric component decreases in rainy weather or at night, the water droplet friction power generation component can use the continuous impact of waves or rainfall to maintain power supply.

[0082] See Figure 7 In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component includes a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film located in the middle and a pair of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films connected on both sides of the PTFE film by conductive ink.

[0083] The PTFE film, located in the center of the module, serves as the core material for triboelectric power generation. Its characteristics include: extremely high electronegativity; high hydrophobicity, which resists the adhesion of marine organisms; and excellent flexibility, allowing repeated bending without breaking.

[0084] PET film is relatively electropositive; it has high mechanical strength and provides structural support; it has high light transmittance and can be used for photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings.

[0085] Conductive inks, typically silver nanowires, graphene, or carbon nanotubes, form flexible electrodes on the inside of the PET film, collecting friction-generated charges and transferring them to the conductive wires. They also act as an adhesive, firmly bonding the PET to the PTFE.

[0086] During triboelectric charging, when ocean currents impact the power generation components, the flexible structure sways and bends like kelp, causing friction between the PTFE and PET films. PTFE removes electrons from the PET surface, resulting in a negative charge for the PTFE and a positive charge for the PET.

[0087] During electrostatic induction power generation, the deformation state: PTFE and PET come into frictional contact, electrons transfer from PET to PTFE, resulting in charge separation. The recovery state: the two films separate, and the negative charge on the PTFE surface flows through the conductive ink electrode and external circuit wires to the electrode on the PET side, generating a current. When the films come into contact again, the electrons flow in the reverse direction, completing a power generation cycle.

[0088] Continuous power generation: The continuous flow of ocean currents causes the components to continuously bend and recover, generating AC power output.

[0089] The thickness of the above film can be set as needed, for example, it can be 25um PTEF in the middle, conductive ink on the outer layer, and 50um PET on the outer layer.

[0090] The water drop friction power generation plate is tightly attached to the outer surface of the protective plate 2 and is composed of copper foil, PTFE film and wires. One end of the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component is fixed to one end of the extension arm 33 on the underwater rotating column 3 and fixed with an embolism 32. Specifically, the embolism 32 is sleeved on one end of the extension arm 33, and the gap reserved thereon is used to fix the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component, and lead the wire from the wire hole 22 through the hollow extension arm 33 and the center column 31, and the remaining gap is treated with waterproof glue. The upper port of the center column 31 is used to embed bearings of corresponding sizes, and the inner ring of the bearing is then embedded in the bearing column 15 of the center support plate 11.

[0091] It's worth noting that nanotriboelectric power generation, as an emerging energy harvesting technology, has garnered significant attention in recent years. It can convert widely occurring mechanical energy in the environment, such as human motion, acoustic vibrations, and water flow fluctuations, into electrical energy, potentially powering self-driving systems and small electronic devices. Its principle is based on the coupling effect of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. When two dissimilar materials come into contact and rub against each other, electron transfer occurs due to differences in the electron-binding abilities of their surfaces, resulting in one surface becoming positively charged and the other negatively charged. This is the triboelectric process. Subsequently, changes in the external electric field or in the electric field caused by relative motion trigger electrostatic induction, generating a current in the external circuit connecting the two materials, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Based on their structure and operating mode, nanotriboelectric power generation can be broadly categorized into four types. The first type is the vertical contact and separation type, in which the two materials make periodic contact and separation movements in the vertical direction, generating current through frictional electrification and electrostatic induction; the second type is the horizontal sliding type, in which the two materials slide relative to each other in the parallel direction, and after frictional electrification, the relative position change causes electrostatic induction to generate electricity; the third type is the single-electrode type, which uses only one friction material and utilizes its interaction with conductors or grounded objects in the surrounding environment to achieve power generation. This model is more flexible in practical applications; the fourth type is the triboelectric electret type, which utilizes the unique electrostatic properties of the electret material and combines the principle of frictional electrification to generate higher output voltage and charge density, thereby improving power generation efficiency. In the device provided by the present invention, the water droplet friction power generation component adopts a single-electrode type, and the F-TENG adopts a vertical contact and separation type.

[0092] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the power supply assembly includes a power integration unit, a charge-discharge management unit, and an energy storage unit. The photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly, the water droplet friction power generation assembly, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation assembly are all electrically connected to the power integration unit; the power integration unit is electrically connected to the charge-discharge management unit; and the charge-discharge management unit is electrically connected to the power consumption assembly and the energy storage unit. The power integration unit receives the electrical energy output from the photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly, the water droplet friction power generation assembly, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation assembly. It performs preliminary conditioning on the electrical energy with different characteristics, providing a basis for subsequent management. The charge-discharge management unit is responsible for controlling the bidirectional flow of electrical energy between the "generation assembly → energy storage unit" and "energy storage unit → power consumption assembly", ensuring the safe charging and discharging of the energy storage unit and extending its service life. The energy storage unit is used to store electrical energy. The energy storage unit mainly consists of a power management module and a storage battery. After the power generation unit is connected to the power management module through circuit processing, its output terminal is connected to the storage battery for energy storage.

[0093] When there is sufficient sunlight, the photovoltaic and thermoelectric components serve as the main power source, directly supplying power to the electrical components and charging the energy storage unit.

[0094] In strong ocean current scenarios, the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component and the water droplet friction power generation component serve as supplementary power sources, and excess electrical energy is stored in the energy storage unit.

[0095] In the above two scenarios, the charge and discharge management unit operates in "charging mode".

[0096] At night and in weak ocean current scenarios, the energy storage unit is the only power source, and the power is supplied after voltage stabilization by the charge and discharge management unit.

[0097] Furthermore, if the charge level of the energy storage unit is lower than a preset threshold, the charge and discharge management unit can trigger a "low power mode" and reduce the sampling frequency of the sensor.

[0098] For example, the preset threshold may be 20%, and the sensor sampling frequency is reduced from 1 time / second to 1 time / minute. The signal transceiver unit wakes up only at the top of the hour to send status data, and sleeps at other times.

[0099] In stormy scenarios, the water droplet friction power generation component significantly increases its power generation due to the impact of heavy rainfall, and the power integration unit prioritizes storing its electrical energy in the supercapacitor; the supercapacitor provides power to the controller and emergency sensors (such as accelerometers, monitoring device posture) in real time, and the lithium battery enters protection mode to avoid overcharging.

[0100] Ocean monitoring systems primarily consist of sensors and signal transceiver units. The device in this invention innovatively incorporates a water droplet power generation panel, sets a voltage standard value based on data matching, and records the raw voltage signal. The raw voltage signal is then compared with the standard voltage value and converted into physical quantities such as force and fluid viscosity, thus fulfilling the function of an equivalent sensor.

[0101] The device provided by the present invention utilizes nano-triboelectric power generation and photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling to provide an ocean monitoring device that achieves the multi-faceted collection and utilization of wave energy, tidal energy, solar energy, and waste heat. This not only conserves energy but is also clean and environmentally friendly. For wave and tidal energy power generation systems using nano-triboelectric generators, the high power generation efficiency of the nano-triboelectric generators themselves contributes to the high power generation efficiency of the entire wave and tidal energy power generation system. Combined with the efficient design structure, this achieves optimal power generation efficiency.

[0102] The ocean monitoring device provided by the present invention, which uses nano-friction power generation and photovoltaic thermoelectric coupling, can be designed in various forms, and different structural designs can be selected according to different application sites, thereby expanding the application scope of wave energy, tidal energy and solar power generation systems.

[0103] The power generation system provided by the device of the present invention combines wave energy, tidal energy, and solar energy generation using a nano-friction generator. The superposition of multiple high-efficiency subsystems significantly improves the efficiency of the entire system. A flexible energy storage device is also provided, capable of automatic switching. This device can simultaneously store electricity generated by wave and tidal energy collected by the nano-friction generator and solar energy, and can also alternately store electricity generated by wave and tidal energy collected by the nano-friction generator and solar energy, resulting in simple operation. The power generation system provided by the device of the present invention places the photovoltaic thermoelectric components within an enclosed housing. The housing is a closed structure that prevents seawater from corroding internal components such as the photovoltaic thermoelectric components and circuits. The external nano-friction power generation device utilizes high-strength, corrosion-resistant dielectric materials, enabling the device to achieve sustainable, low-cost power generation while simultaneously monitoring ocean data signals.

[0104] Furthermore, in an embodiment provided by the present invention, the water droplet friction power generation component includes four water droplet power generation units, two adjacent water droplet power generation units are connected in parallel, and the two parallel units formed are connected in series; the power integration unit includes a filter capacitor and a reverse diode, and is electrically connected to the water droplet friction power generation component.

[0105] The parallel configuration accommodates low-intensity water droplet impacts (such as light rain), improving current stability through multi-unit shunting. The series configuration enhances voltage gain during high-intensity impacts (such as ocean waves), preventing overall power drops caused by fluctuations in the output of individual units. The four units can be distributed at different locations on the protective plate 2 (e.g., top, bottom, left, right, and corners) to cover water droplet impacts from different directions (such as vertical rainfall and diagonal waves), improving spatial uniformity of energy capture.

[0106] The filter capacitor is used to protect the subsequent circuit to prevent the pulse voltage from causing instantaneous high-voltage impact on the chip in the charge and discharge management unit. It can also store the idle energy during the pulse interval in the capacitor, reducing energy waste and improving energy utilization.

[0107] The reverse-connected diode provides unidirectional conduction protection. Specifically, when the output voltage of the water droplet triboelectric generator is lower than the bus voltage of the power integration unit, the diode turns off, preventing the bus current from flowing back into the generator. During normal operation (generator voltage > bus voltage), the diode turns on, allowing power to flow into the bus. The reverse-connected diode prevents energy backflow, preventing current from the photovoltaic thermoelectric module or energy storage unit from flowing back into the triboelectric generator and burning the copper foil electrodes or film layers within it. It also ensures that each generator independently supplies power to the bus without interfering with each other.

[0108] Furthermore, in one embodiment provided by the present invention, the power integration unit includes a double-boost rectifier circuit and a filter component, and is electrically connected to the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component.

[0109] Specifically, F-TENG typically outputs a low-voltage, high-frequency AC signal. A double-boost rectifier circuit uses capacitor energy storage and diode rectification to boost AC voltage to twice its voltage and convert it into DC, improving energy efficiency.

[0110] The filter component can filter the high-frequency ripple in the DC voltage after boosting and rectification, provide a stable DC output, and prevent fluctuations from affecting the life and performance of the subsequent charge and discharge management unit and energy storage unit.

[0111] See Figure 8 In one embodiment provided by the present invention, a floating plate is also connected to the bottom of the central support plate 11; a through hole is provided on the floating plate, the rotating column 3 is inserted into the through hole and is rotatably connected to the central support plate 11 through a bearing, and the bearing has a waterproof shell 34.

[0112] The floating plate is connected to the bottom of the central support plate 11 via a connecting structure, allowing it to float up and down in response to the buoyancy of the external fluid or changes in the liquid level. The rotating column 3 passes through a through-hole in the floating plate, and its upper end is connected to the central support plate 11 via a bearing, allowing the rotating column 3 to rotate freely relative to the central support plate 11. This floating plate can track changes in the liquid level in real time, ensuring that the central support plate 11 and the photovoltaic and thermoelectric modules on it are always in a stable state of fluid buoyancy support, adapting to the offshore environment.

[0113] The bearing utilizes a sealed structure with a waterproof housing 34 to prevent external seawater from seeping into the bearing, ensuring that the rotating column 3 maintains low-friction rotation even in humid or liquid environments. As the float plate floats with the liquid surface, the rotating column 3 adaptively adjusts its position through the rotation of the bearing, preventing sticking or wear caused by displacement of the float plate. Specifically, the waterproof housing 34 is a fully enclosed design or utilizes a sealing ring to achieve this seal.

[0114] The bearings of the waterproof housing 34 described above effectively block the intrusion of seawater, thus preventing the loss of lubricating oil or the corrosion of the bearings, thereby extending the service life of the mechanical components.

[0115] Moreover, the low-friction characteristics of the bearing ensure that the rotating column 3 can rotate flexibly. Combined with the floating function of the floating plate, it allows the upper mechanism to rotate freely in the horizontal direction while adapting to vertical displacement (such as wave fluctuations and liquid level rise and fall), reducing mechanical stress concentration.

[0116] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, a bearing column 15 is further provided at the bottom of the central supporting plate 11 for connecting to the rotating column 3 located underwater.

[0117] When the ocean environment is characterized by dense and intense currents, assume that there is a single-direction current beneath the sea surface. Affected by the current, the extension arm 33 of the underwater rotating column 3 and the F-TENG flexible kelp are subjected to force and deflected, causing the bearing to rotate and the entire body to rotate in the direction of the current. During the rotation process, the F-TENG undergoes a single deformation and outputs a single-direction DC voltage. When the rotation is completed, the current's forward line, the central column 31, the extension arm 33, and the F-TENG are in the same plane. Affected by the Karman vortex street, after the current passes through the central column 31, the area behind it once appears a stable airspace and a Karman vortex street area. The Karman vortex street area periodically sheds a double row of vortices with opposite rotation directions and regular arrangement, causing the F-TENG flexible kelp to deform periodically and output an alternating voltage periodically. Since the output voltage value of the F-TENG flexible kelp is small and is considered an alternating current, it should pass through a double-step-up rectifier circuit and filtering to finally output a stable DC voltage.

[0118] When the ocean environment is characterized by dense and strong ocean currents, assuming that there are ocean currents in multiple directions under the sea surface, the direction of the synthetic ocean current can be synthesized using vectors, and the result is the same as above.

[0119] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, a longitudinal groove 12 is further provided on the central supporting plate 11 for draining accumulated water.

[0120] See Figures 9 to 12In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the protective plate 2 includes a bottom plate 26, an inclined side plate 21 and a reinforcing rib 24; the bottom plate 26 is connected around the central supporting plate 11, the inclined side plate 21 is connected to the outer end of the bottom plate 26 and the top is inclined inward, and the reinforcing rib 24 is arranged between the inclined side plate 21 and the bottom plate 26; the inclined side plate 21 and the bottom plate 26 are sealed and bonded with waterproof glue.

[0121] The bottom plate 26 serves as the foundational support, fixed around the central support plate 11 to form a circular protective base. The inclined side plates 21 connect to the outer ends of the bottom plate 26, with their tops tilted inwards in a tapered shape. This slope guides external seawater outward, reducing the risk of it stagnating or seeping under the central support plate 11. Reinforcement ribs 24 strengthen the connection between the inclined side plates 21 and the bottom plate 26, preventing structural deformation due to external impact or long-term liquid erosion. A waterproof adhesive fills the joints between the inclined side plates 21 and the bottom plate 26, forming a sealant that prevents liquid from seeping through the gap into the bearings, rotating column 3, and other internal components. The joints between the multiple inclined side plates 21 are waterproofed, for example, by applying waterproof adhesive for uniform penetration.

[0122] Furthermore, it also includes a supporting member 23, which is fixed to the protection plate 2 by a mortise and tenon structure. A transparent plate such as a PE endurance plate is placed in the supporting member 23 and is waterproofed.

[0123] The inclined side panels 21 are provided with wire holes 22. The water droplet triboelectric power generation components are placed against the inclined side panels 21, and wires are introduced through the wire holes 22. Finally, the components are waterproofed. For example, with four water droplet power generation units, the four units are pre-processed, two adjacent units are connected in parallel, and two diagonally connected parallel units are connected in series. Finally, a filter capacitor and a reverse-connected diode are connected.

[0124] In a rainy, windy, and rough ocean environment, assuming random waves with varying amplitudes, poor lighting, and heavy rain, the device, with good waterproofing, experiences random waves and continuous raindrops hitting the inclined side panels 21. Each water droplet triboelectric generator generates an unstable DC voltage, which is filtered and stored in the series-parallel circuit by the filter capacitors. After continuous charging, the device generates a stable, smooth DC voltage. This sealed structure enhances the device's survivability in wind and waves.

[0125] See Figures 13 to 15 Furthermore, in an embodiment provided by the present invention, a groove 14 is formed on the side periphery of the center support plate 11; a convex beam 25 corresponding to the groove 14 is provided at the inner end portion of the bottom plate 26, and the convex beam 25 is inserted into the groove 14 and fixed.

[0126] Specifically, the shape of the groove 14 can be a regular shape such as a rectangle, a trapezoid, etc. An outwardly protruding convex beam 25 is provided at the inner end of the bottom plate 26 , and the size of the convex beam 25 matches the groove 14 to ensure that it can be tightly inserted into the groove 14 .

[0127] During assembly, align the protruding beam 25 of the base plate 26 with the groove 14 of the center support plate 11. Slide or press the protruding beam 25 into the groove 14, securing it with a mortise and tenon joint. After insertion, further securing can be achieved through welding, bolting, gluing, or other methods as needed to enhance the reliability of the connection. For example, spot welding can be performed where the protruding beam 25 meets the groove 14, where higher connection strength is required. Alternatively, bolts can be inserted through pre-set holes for easier disassembly.

[0128] The combination of groove 14 and ridge 25 first limits the relative displacement of base plate 26 and center support plate 11 in the radial direction, providing precise positioning and ensuring that base plate 26 is accurately positioned after installation and prevents displacement. Secondly, the tightly fitted connection between the two effectively transfers load. When center support plate 11 is subjected to external pressure or tension, the force is transmitted to base plate 26 through the contact interface between groove 14 and ridge 25, and then distributed to other components by base plate 26. Furthermore, this mating structure enhances the overall structure's torsional resistance to a certain extent, preventing relative rotation between base plate 26 and center support plate 11.

[0129] This structural design is simple and practical, achieving precise positioning through mechanical structure, reducing adjustment time during assembly and improving assembly efficiency. The combination of groove 14 and convex beam 25 increases the contact area of ​​the connection, allowing it to withstand greater loads than a flat connection, improving structural stability and reliability. Furthermore, this structure offers excellent versatility and interchangeability, facilitating standardized production, replacement, and repair of components, reducing maintenance costs.

[0130] When the ocean is clear and breezy, assuming good lighting conditions, stable wave direction, and weak ocean currents, the solar energy lost by the transparent panels is negligible. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels absorb light waves in the 300nm-1100nm spectrum most strongly, producing a stable DC voltage. However, the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels is only 18%-24%. They cannot convert light waves outside the 300nm-1100nm band, causing internal heating of the device and significant heat accumulation in the photovoltaic panels. Excessive panel temperature reduces output power. Meanwhile, the thermoelectric generator's hot end, the heated photovoltaic panel, and the cold end, the aluminum fins in contact with the seawater, create a temperature difference between the two ends, generating a stable DC voltage through the Seebeck effect. This process transfers heat from the heated photovoltaic panel to the seawater, reducing the heat buildup, lowering the temperature, and increasing power. The excellent thermal conductivity and structural properties of the aluminum fins improve temperature transfer efficiency, thereby increasing overall output.

[0131] There are no special requirements for the size and material of the above fins, and they are all within the specified range.

[0132] If the wave direction remains constant for a certain period of time, it can be considered that only the two protective plates 2 aligned with the wave direction are impacted by the waves, while the two protective plates 2 perpendicular to the wave direction are not affected by the waves. Due to the regularity of the waves, the triboelectric layer of a single water droplet outputs a glitch-like DC voltage with intermittent peak amplitudes and blank outputs. Due to the design of parallel connection at adjacent corners and series connection at opposite corners, the four power generation units under these conditions have at least two outputs within them, located in two different parallel circuits, ensuring a constant flow of current. The final output is a smooth DC voltage after filtering.

[0133] In this example, since the direction of the waves is single and there is no rain, the device provided by the present invention is still applicable to a clear and calm ocean environment.

[0134] The device provided by this invention is a self-propelled ocean monitoring device that uses coupled nano-triboelectric power generation and photovoltaic thermoelectric technology. Its purpose is to overcome the high cost and low efficiency of existing devices and to monitor and provide feedback on ocean data indicators in real time.

[0135] The device uses a central support plate 11 as the keel, and adopts a mortise and tenon structure to embed four protective plates 2 and an underwater rotating column 3 to complete the frame construction. The nano-friction power generation system includes F-TENG flexible power generation kelp and water droplet friction power generation components. The F-TENG is connected to the underwater rotating column 3, and the water droplet friction power generation component is attached to the outside of the protective plate 2. The photovoltaic thermoelectric system is composed of multiple solar photovoltaic panels, PN junction semiconductor refrigeration sheets and aluminum fins. The integrated circuit includes power integration, charge and discharge management and single-chip signal transceiver modules. The power integration part performs special processing for different power generation units, such as rectification, filtering, boosting and impurity removal. After the power integration output is connected to the charge and discharge management module, it is first supplied to the single-chip signal transceiver module, and then flows into the energy storage unit to prepare for special environmental conditions.

[0136] The high-efficiency power generation system and ocean monitoring system coupled with multiple power generation modes provided by the present invention not only solve the shortcomings of narrow energy collection spectrum, low energy utilization efficiency, no emergency storage and high cost in the traditional field, but also realize hybrid energy collection and re-output, saving money, time and energy costs.

[0137] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0138] In this disclosure, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0139] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0140] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-propelled marine monitoring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A central supporting plate, wherein a slot is provided on the central supporting plate, and a photovoltaic thermoelectric component is provided in the slot; Multiple pairs of protection plates, each of which is disposed around the central support plate and tilted inward, with water droplet friction power generation components attached to outer surfaces of the protection plates; A rotating column rotatably connected to the bottom of the central support plate, with multiple extension arms provided on the sidewalls of the rotating column, and F-TENG flexible kelp power generation components provided at the ends of the extension arms; A power supply assembly, the photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly, the water droplet friction power generation assembly, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation assembly are all electrically connected to the power supply assembly; The power supply component is communicatively connected to the power supply component, and the power supply component includes: a sensor, a controller and a signal transceiver unit. The sensor is communicatively connected to the controller, the sensor can send a signal to the controller, and the signal transceiver unit is communicatively connected to the controller.

2. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic thermoelectric assembly includes: a plurality of photovoltaic panels, thermoelectric power generation sheets and aluminum fins; The hot end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is the photovoltaic panel, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is the aluminum fin.

3. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water drop friction power generation component includes a copper foil, a thin film layer and a wire; the thin film layer covers the copper foil, and the copper foil is connected to the power supply component through the wire; The film layer is an FEP film or a PTFE film.

4. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component includes a PTFE film located in the middle and a pair of PET films connected on both sides of the PTFE film through conductive ink.

5. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply assembly includes a power integration unit, a charge and discharge management unit and an energy storage unit; The photovoltaic thermoelectric component, the water drop friction power generation component, and the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component are all electrically connected to the power integration unit; The power integration unit is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management unit; The charge and discharge management unit is electrically connected to the power-consuming component and the energy storage unit.

6. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water drop friction power generation assembly includes four water drop power generation units, two adjacent water drop power generation units are connected in parallel, and the two parallel units formed are connected in series; The power integration unit includes a filter capacitor and a reverse diode, and is electrically connected to the water droplet friction power generation component.

7. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power integration unit includes a double-boost rectifier circuit and a filter component, and is electrically connected to the F-TENG flexible kelp power generation component.

8. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the central supporting plate is also connected to a floating plate; The floating plate is provided with a through hole, the rotating column is inserted into the through hole and is rotatably connected to the central supporting plate through a bearing, and the bearing has a waterproof shell.

9. The self-propelled marine monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection plate includes a bottom plate, inclined side plates and reinforcing ribs; The bottom plate is connected to the periphery of the central supporting plate, the inclined side plates are connected to the outer ends of the bottom plate and the tops are inclined inwards, and the reinforcing ribs are provided between the inclined side plates and the bottom plate; The inclined side panels and the bottom panel are sealed and bonded with waterproof glue.

10. The self-propelled ocean monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A groove is formed on the side periphery of the central supporting plate; The inner end portion of the bottom plate is provided with a convex beam corresponding to the groove, and the convex beam is inserted into the groove and fixed.

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