Hydrogen storage system convenient for hydrogen charging and discharging regulation and control

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and discloses a hydrogen storage system convenient for hydrogen charging and discharging regulation, comprising: a gas input module comprising a gas discharging column unit, a buffer tank and a connecting unit, the gas discharging column unit being connected with a tube bundle vehicle by using a ferrule type quick joint, a compression module comprising a first hydrogen compressor unit and a second hydrogen compressor unit, the second hydrogen compressor unit adopts a water-cooling diaphragm structure, the hydrogen storage module comprises a first hydrogen storage bottle group unit and a second hydrogen storage bottle group unit, and the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is divided into three-stage storage, a gas distribution and control module, a safety guarantee module, a monitoring module and an auxiliary module. Through a gas discharging column double-path parallel interface of the gas input module and the temperature compensation type pressure gauge, and in combination with a check valve and a rupture disk of the buffer tank, the damage of high-pressure impact to equipment is avoided, so that the equipment is prevented from being damaged by the high-pressure impact, and the service life of the equipment is further prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and in particular to a hydrogen storage system that facilitates the regulation of hydrogen charging and discharging. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen storage system is a technical device used to store and manage hydrogen. Its core function is to store hydrogen safely and efficiently, and release it stably according to demand. It is a key link in the hydrogen energy industry chain. It stores hydrogen safely and efficiently through containers such as high-pressure gas cylinders, cryogenic storage tanks or solid materials, and releases it stably on demand. Its main types include high-pressure gaseous, liquid, solid and organic liquid hydrogen storage, which are widely used in hydrogen energy transportation, power grid energy storage and industrial fields. Future development will focus on the research and development of new hydrogen storage materials, system integration optimization and intelligent management to promote the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.

[0003] The gas input link of the existing hydrogen storage system is mostly a single-line connection with simple pressure monitoring. The connection with the tube bundle vehicle is unstable, which can easily cause high-pressure shock to damage the equipment. The hydrogen storage module lacks hierarchical storage and pressure compensation strategies, which causes large pipeline vibration and reduces equipment life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage system that is easy to regulate hydrogen charging and discharging, thereby solving the problem that unstable connection may cause damage to the equipment due to high pressure shock and shorten the equipment life.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control, comprising: The gas input module includes a gas unloading column unit, a buffer tank and a connection unit. The gas unloading column unit uses a ferrule-type quick connector to connect the tube bundle vehicle. The buffer tank has a capacity of 1m 3 ; The compression module includes a first hydrogen compressor unit and a second hydrogen compressor unit, wherein the second hydrogen compressor unit adopts a water-cooled diaphragm structure; The hydrogen storage module includes a first hydrogen storage bottle group unit and a second hydrogen storage bottle group unit, wherein the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is divided into three levels of storage; The gas distribution and control module includes a sequential control valve group unit and a pressure reducing valve group unit. The sequential control valve group is equipped with a dynamic pressure difference control system, and the pressure reducing valve group is equipped with a three-stage series-parallel pressure reducing channel. Safety assurance module, including an emergency shut-off valve unit, a breakaway valve unit and a detection interlock unit. The emergency shut-off valve unit has a response time of less than 2 seconds and a breaking load of ≥3000N. Monitoring module, including station control system unit, integrated PLC controller and human-machine interface, realizes dual gas source switching control; Auxiliary module, including nitrogen bus unit, equipped with automatic purge device and emergency replacement interface, purge flow ≥ 20m 3 / h.

[0006] Preferably, in the gas input module: The gas unloading column unit is equipped with a dual parallel interface, each of which is equipped with a temperature-compensated pressure gauge with a measuring range of 0-25MPa; The inlet and outlet of the buffer tank are equipped with a check valve and a bursting disc. The opening pressure difference of the check valve is not greater than 0.05MPa, and the bursting pressure of the bursting disc is 23MPa. The connection unit adopts a conical sealing pipe, the curvature radius of the elbow is not less than 5 times the diameter of the pipe, and the surface of the pipe is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 50±5 microns.

[0007] Preferably, in the compression module: The diaphragm of the first hydrogen compressor unit is made of 00Cr15Ni5 stainless steel; The second hydrogen compressor unit is equipped with a three-stage cooling system, including a first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger, a second-stage air-cooled radiator, and a third-stage vortex tube cooling device. The temperature difference of the first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger is 25°C, the power of the second-stage air-cooled radiator is 5kW, and the outlet temperature of the third-stage vortex tube cooling device is not higher than 45°C. An interstage buffer tank is provided between the first hydrogen compressor unit and the second hydrogen compressor unit, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters and an operating pressure range of 18-22 MPa.

[0008] Preferably, the three-stage storage configuration of the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is equipped with a pressure gradient automatic compensation algorithm. When the high-pressure stage pressure drops to 42MPa, the medium-pressure stage supplementary flow rate increases by 20%; when the system switches to the tube bundle vehicle hydrogen supply mode, the medium-pressure stage storage threshold is adjusted to 28MPa±0.3MPa; The connecting pipe of the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is provided with a vibration damper, and the frequency attenuation rate is not less than 60%.

[0009] Preferably, the sequential control valve group unit adopts two working modes. In the normal mode, air is taken in the order of low, medium and high pressure, and the pressure difference threshold is ±0.5MPa. In the emergency mode, air is supplied preferentially at the medium pressure level, and the flow rate is increased to 8kg / min. The pressure reducing valve group unit is configured in dual modes. Mode one is three-stage series pressure reduction, which reduces the pressure from 45MPa to 35MPa, 25MPa and 15MPa step by step. Mode two is medium and high pressure parallel pressure reduction, with 45MPa and 30MPa output in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, the detection interlock unit adopts a triple protection mechanism. When the hydrogen concentration exceeds 0.8% by volume, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and nitrogen purge is started. The flame detector is linked to shut down the power supply of the compressor within 0.5 seconds. When the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle group exceeds 80°C, the pressure relief valve is automatically activated, and the discharge rate is 50 cubic meters / minute. The breakaway valve unit is equipped with an overload warning device, which issues a warning signal when the pulling force reaches 2500N.

[0011] Preferably, in the monitoring module, the dual gas source switching control logic includes: In the electrolysis hydrogen production mode, the 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle group is used first, and the compressor is started to replenish the pressure when the pressure is lower than 18MPa; In the hydrogen supply mode of the tube bundle truck, the 45MPa compressor is directly connected to the gas unloading column, and the pressure fluctuation is controlled within ±1MPa during switching; The human-computer interaction interface displays a three-dimensional pressure topology diagram and annotates the operating status of each module in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus unit increases the purge frequency to once per hour when the ambient humidity exceeds 60%, and starts deep purge for 15 minutes when the system is shut down for more than 8 hours; The emergency replacement interface is equipped with a quick coupler, and the replacement rate is 30 cubic meters per hour.

[0013] Preferably, the first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is equipped with a pressure equalizing device, which can monitor the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle in real time, and automatically start when the pressure deviation exceeds 1MPa, and adjust the gas flow through the internal connecting pipe to keep the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle balanced.

[0014] Preferably, the volume of a single hydrogen storage bottle in the first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is 2.36m 3 Each hydrogen storage bottle is equipped with an overpressure automatic exhaust valve, and the exhaust pressure setting value is 23MPa.

[0015] Working Principle: The gas unloading column unit is connected to the tube bundle vehicle via a ferrule-type quick connector. Its dual parallel interface is equipped with a temperature-compensated pressure gauge to monitor the input hydrogen pressure. The hydrogen then enters the buffer tank. The check valves and bursting discs at the inlet and outlet of the buffer tank ensure a stable one-way flow of gas and prevent overpressure. The gas is then transported to the compression module through the conical sealing pipeline of the connection unit. The compression modules work in relay mode. The first hydrogen compressor unit performs preliminary compression on the hydrogen from the gas input module. The compressed hydrogen enters the interstage buffer tank for pressure stabilization and then enters the second hydrogen compressor unit at a stable pressure. This unit adopts a water-cooled diaphragm structure and is equipped with a three-stage cooling system to further compress the hydrogen and control its temperature. The processed hydrogen then enters the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module receives compressed hydrogen. The first hydrogen storage bottle group unit consists of 6 hydrogen storage bottles. A pressure equalization device is used to maintain the pressure of each bottle at the same level. An overpressure automatic exhaust valve ensures safety. The second hydrogen storage bottle group unit adopts a three-level storage method. The medium-pressure level flow is adjusted by an automatic pressure gradient compensation algorithm. Vibration dampers on the connecting pipelines reduce vibration. When the system needs hydrogen supply, the gas distribution and control module starts to work. In normal mode, the sequential control valve group unit takes gas in the order of low, medium and high pressure. In emergency mode, it gives priority to supplying gas from the medium pressure level. The pressure reducing valve group unit uses three-stage series-parallel pressure reducing channels to flexibly adjust the output pressure in two modes. The safety assurance module provides full protection, and the detection interlock unit monitors the hydrogen concentration, flame, and temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder group in real time. Once a danger signal appears, the emergency shut-off valve unit quickly cuts off the gas path. The breakaway valve unit automatically disconnects when the tension is too great and provides an early warning. The monitoring module not only monitors the entire system in real time, but also controls the switching of dual gas sources based on different hydrogen production modes. The human-machine interactive interface displays the operating status of each module in real time, making it easier for operators to monitor and manage. It also provides support through auxiliary modules. The automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus unit adjusts the purge strategy according to the ambient humidity and the system downtime. The emergency replacement interface can quickly replace the hydrogen in the system to ensure safe maintenance and emergency handling of the system.

[0016] The present invention provides a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control and has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the dual-path parallel interface of the gas unloading column of the gas input module and the temperature-compensated pressure gauge are combined with the check valve and bursting disc of the buffer tank to achieve rapid connection and pressure buffering between the tube bundle vehicle and the system, thereby preventing damage to the equipment caused by high-pressure shock. In addition, the hierarchical storage and pressure gradient compensation algorithm of the hydrogen storage module are combined with the vibration damper to suppress pipeline vibration, thereby preventing the equipment from being damaged by high-pressure shock and thus extending the service life of the equipment.

[0017] 2. The present invention significantly improves overall safety through multiple safety assurance mechanisms. In the safety assurance module, the emergency shut-off valve unit has a response time of less than 2 seconds, which can quickly cut off the gas path when a danger occurs. The breaking load of the break valve unit is ≥3000N, which effectively prevents pipeline rupture and leakage due to external force. The triple protection mechanism of the detection interlock unit monitors hydrogen concentration, flame, and temperature, and responds promptly to any abnormality, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0018] 3. The present invention integrates a PLC controller and a human-computer interaction interface through a monitoring module to achieve intelligent switching of dual gas sources. In the electrolysis hydrogen production and tube bundle vehicle hydrogen supply modes, the system can automatically adjust according to the pressure parameters, and the pressure fluctuation is small during switching. The pressure equalization device of the first hydrogen storage bottle group automatically adjusts the pressure of each bottle, the overpressure automatic exhaust valve ensures safety, and the automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus automatically adjusts according to the ambient humidity and downtime, thereby improving the automation and intelligence level of the system, reducing labor costs, and improving operation and management efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a system framework diagram of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a gas input module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a compression module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a gas distribution and control module of a hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a safety assurance module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary module of a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control, including: Please see the attached Figure 2 , gas input module, including gas unloading column unit, buffer tank and connection unit. The gas unloading column unit adopts ferrule quick connector to connect the tube bundle vehicle. The buffer tank has a capacity of 1m 3 ; Please see the attached Figure 3, a compression module, comprising a first hydrogen compressor unit and a second hydrogen compressor unit, the second hydrogen compressor unit adopts a water-cooled diaphragm structure; Please see the attached Figure 4 The hydrogen storage module includes a first hydrogen storage bottle group unit and a second hydrogen storage bottle group unit. The first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is configured with 6 hydrogen storage bottles, and the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is divided into three levels of storage; Please see the attached Figure 5 , gas distribution and control module, including a sequential control valve group unit and a pressure reducing valve group unit, the sequential control valve group is equipped with a dynamic pressure difference control system, and the pressure reducing valve group is equipped with a three-stage series-parallel pressure reducing channel; Please see the attached Figure 6 , safety assurance module, including emergency shut-off valve unit, break valve unit and detection interlock unit, emergency shut-off valve unit response time <2 seconds, break valve unit breaking load ≥3000N; Please see the attached Figure 7 , monitoring module, including station control system unit, integrated PLC controller and human-computer interaction interface, to achieve dual gas source switching control; Please see the attached Figure 8 , auxiliary modules, including nitrogen bus unit, equipped with automatic purge device and emergency replacement interface, purge flow ≥ 20m 3 / h.

[0022] The first hydrogen compressor unit is a 20MPa hydrogen compressor, the second hydrogen compressor unit is a 45MPa hydrogen compressor, the hydrogen storage bottle group in the first hydrogen storage bottle group unit uses a 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle, and the hydrogen storage bottle group in the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit uses a 45MPa hydrogen storage bottle; The 20MPa hydrogen compressor uses a 60Nm³ / h@3MPa diaphragm type with a diaphragm life of ≥8000 hours. It has high stability and long service life and can work stably for a long time. The inlet end is connected to a 1m³ buffer tank made of Q345R material. The buffer tank stabilizes the airflow and reduces pressure fluctuations. The exhaust end is connected to a 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle group to pressurize the hydrogen to 20MPa. The hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module is initially pressurized. The reciprocating motion of the diaphragm changes the internal volume to achieve gas compression, thereby providing hydrogen with appropriate pressure for the subsequent 45MPa compression. The long life of the diaphragm reduces the frequency of equipment maintenance. The 45MPa hydrogen compressor adopts a horizontal diaphragm structure. The cylinder head is made of 3Cr13 to ensure structural strength, and the diaphragm is made of 00Cr15Ni5, which has good corrosion resistance and flexibility. The intake pressure is 5-20MPa, which is suitable for the output pressure range of the 20MPa compressor of the previous stage. The exhaust end is connected to a 45MPa hydrogen storage bottle group to boost the hydrogen to 45MPa. A 200Nm³ / h@12.5MPa first-stage compression water-cooled model is selected to further increase the hydrogen pressure to meet the high-pressure hydrogen storage requirements. The diaphragm compression principle is used and the temperature is controlled by a water cooling system to boost the hydrogen to 45MPa. The 20MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group consists of six 2.36m³ cylinders made of 4130X material, which can withstand a pressure of 20MPa. The total volume is 14.16m³. It is used to store hydrogen pressurized by the 20MPa hydrogen compressor and temporarily store the initially pressurized hydrogen, providing a stable gas source for the 45MPa compressor and meeting a certain amount of hydrogen storage needs. The 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group consists of six 1m³ cylinders arranged in three levels with a total volume of 6m³. The three-level pressure gradient is 15 / 30 / 45MPa. The reasonable pressure gradient setting facilitates the charging and discharging of hydrogen, achieving efficient storage of high-pressure hydrogen. Please see the attached Figure 2 , in the gas input module: The gas unloading column unit is equipped with dual parallel interfaces, each of which is equipped with a temperature-compensated pressure gauge with a measuring range of 0-25MPa. The inlet and outlet of the buffer tank are equipped with a check valve and a bursting disc. The opening pressure difference of the check valve is not greater than 0.05MPa, and the bursting pressure of the bursting disc is 23MPa. The connection unit adopts conical sealing pipe, the curvature radius of the elbow is not less than 5 times the diameter of the pipe, and the surface of the pipe is coated with nano-alumina anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 50±5 microns.

[0023] The dual-channel parallel interface can be connected to two gas sources at the same time or as a backup, increasing the flexibility of gas supply. The temperature-compensated pressure gauge can eliminate the influence of temperature on pressure measurement, accurately measure the pressure of 0-25MPa, provide data for subsequent operations, stabilize the input hydrogen pressure and monitor it. The effect is to ensure that the input hydrogen pressure is known and controllable, and guarantee the stable operation of subsequent modules. The check valve prevents gas backflow, and the small opening pressure difference ensures smooth gas flow. The bursting disc ruptures and relieves pressure when the overpressure reaches 23MPa, stabilizing the airflow and preventing overpressure. Based on the unidirectional conduction and pressure-triggered rupture mechanism, it avoids gas backflow and overpressure hazards, protecting the system safety. The conical sealing pipeline ensures sealed gas transportation, the large curvature elbow reduces gas flow resistance, the anti-corrosion coating prevents pipeline corrosion, and the gas is transported efficiently and safely. Relying on the sealing structure, reasonable elbow design and anti-corrosion coating protection, hydrogen transportation is guaranteed to be leak-free, low-resistance and durable.

[0024] Please see the attached Figure 3 , in the compression module: The diaphragm of the first hydrogen compressor unit is made of 00Cr15Ni5 stainless steel; The second hydrogen compressor unit is equipped with a three-stage cooling system, including a first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger, a second-stage air-cooled radiator, and a third-stage vortex tube cooling device. The temperature difference of the first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger is 25°C, the power of the second-stage air-cooled radiator is 5kW, and the outlet temperature of the third-stage vortex tube cooling device is not higher than 45°C. An interstage buffer tank is set between the first hydrogen compressor unit and the second hydrogen compressor unit, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters and a working pressure range of 18-22MPa.

[0025] The 00Cr15Ni5 stainless steel diaphragm has high strength and good corrosion resistance, and is suitable for high-pressure hydrogen compression. It initially compresses hydrogen to increase the pressure, and the reciprocating motion of the diaphragm changes the internal volume to achieve compression, providing a suitable starting pressure for subsequent compression. The three-stage cooling system of the second hydrogen compressor unit reduces the temperature in steps. The water-cooled heat exchanger uses the temperature difference to remove a large amount of heat, and the air-cooled radiator further dissipates heat. The vortex tube cooling device controls the temperature while compressing the hydrogen to prevent high temperature from damaging the equipment. Heat exchange and vortex cooling are used to ensure that the temperature of the compressed hydrogen meets the requirements and ensure stable operation of the equipment. Buffer the gas between the two-stage compressors, stabilize the pressure, and the volume and working pressure range design ensures stable gas storage and flow, reduces the impact of pressure fluctuations on the second compressor, uses tank storage to adjust the gas pressure, and improves the working stability and efficiency of the second compressor.

[0026] Please see the attached Figure 4 The second hydrogen storage bottle group unit’s three-stage storage configuration has an automatic pressure gradient compensation algorithm. When the high-pressure stage pressure drops to 42MPa, the medium-pressure stage supplementary flow rate increases by 20%. When the system switches to the tube bundle vehicle hydrogen supply mode, the medium-pressure stage storage threshold is adjusted to 28MPa±0.3MPa. A vibration damper is installed on the connecting pipe of the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit, and the frequency attenuation rate is not less than 60%.

[0027] The three-level storage optimizes space utilization and pressure management. The pressure gradient automatic compensation algorithm adjusts the medium-pressure stage flow according to the high-pressure stage pressure to maintain overall pressure balance. The pipeline vibration damper is connected to reduce vibration, extend pipeline life, improve hydrogen storage efficiency and stability, and use pressure monitoring feedback and vibration attenuation to ensure the long-term stable operation of the hydrogen storage system.

[0028] Please see the attached Figure 5The sequential control valve group unit adopts two working modes. In the normal mode, the gas is taken in the order of low, medium and high pressure, and the pressure difference threshold is ±0.5MPa. In the emergency mode, the medium pressure level is given priority, and the flow rate is increased to 8kg / min. The pressure reducing valve group unit is configured in dual modes. Mode one is three-stage series pressure reduction, which reduces the pressure step by step from 45MPa to 35MPa, 25MPa and 15MPa. Mode two is medium and high pressure parallel pressure reduction, with 45MPa and 30MPa output in parallel.

[0029] In normal mode, gas is drawn in sequence to ensure stable hydrogen supply, while in emergency mode, gas is supplied quickly to meet special needs. The dynamic pressure differential control system accurately controls the gas drawing pressure and distributes hydrogen reasonably according to different situations. The principle is pressure sensing and valve control, achieving efficient, stable and flexible hydrogen supply. The three-stage series pressure reduction gradually reduces the pressure to meet the needs of equipment with different pressure requirements. The medium and high pressure parallel pressure reduction provides different pressure combinations and a variety of pressure output options. The pressure is adjusted through different valve combinations and openings to adapt to a variety of hydrogen-using equipment and improve the applicability of the system.

[0030] Please see the attached Figure 6 The detection interlock unit adopts a triple protection mechanism. When the hydrogen concentration exceeds 0.8% by volume, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and nitrogen purge is started. The flame detector is linked to shut down the compressor power within 0.5 seconds. When the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle group exceeds 80°C, the pressure relief valve is automatically activated with a discharge rate of 50 cubic meters per minute. The breakaway valve unit is equipped with an overload warning device, which issues a warning signal when the pulling force reaches 2500N.

[0031] The triple protection mechanism ensures safety from multiple aspects. When hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm is issued and purging is carried out to reduce the concentration. Flame detection quickly cuts off the power supply to prevent the spread of fire. Over-temperature triggers the pressure relief valve to reduce the pressure of the cylinder group. Safety hazards are monitored and responded to in real time, greatly reducing the risk of safety accidents. The overload warning device provides advance warning to prevent breaking, and the breaking load design ensures automatic disconnection under dangerous tension, preventing the pipeline from breaking due to external force and leaking hydrogen, ensuring the safety of pipeline connections and avoiding hydrogen leakage accidents.

[0032] Please see the attached Figure 7 In the monitoring module, the dual gas source switching control logic includes: In the electrolysis hydrogen production mode, the 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle group is used first, and the compressor is started to replenish the pressure when the pressure is lower than 18MPa; In the hydrogen supply mode of the tube bundle truck, the 45MPa compressor is directly connected to the gas unloading column, and the pressure fluctuation is controlled within ±1MPa during switching; The human-computer interaction interface displays a three-dimensional pressure topology diagram and annotates the operating status of each module in real time.

[0033] In the electrolysis hydrogen production mode, 20MPa hydrogen storage cylinders are preferred. When the pressure is low, the pressure is replenished to ensure stable hydrogen supply. In the hydrogen supply mode, the tube bundle truck is directly connected to the compressor and controls pressure fluctuations, achieving efficient switching of dual gas sources and ensuring stable system operation. The three-dimensional pressure topology diagram intuitively displays the pressure status of each module, and the real-time operation status is marked to facilitate operator monitoring. Based on data acquisition and graphic display technology, it provides a visual operation interface, allowing operators to quickly understand the system status and handle abnormalities in a timely manner.

[0034] Please see the attached Figure 8 , the automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus unit, when the ambient humidity exceeds 60%, the purge frequency is increased to once an hour, when the system is shut down for more than 8 hours, deep purge is started and lasts for 15 minutes; The emergency replacement interface is equipped with a quick coupler with a replacement rate of 30 cubic meters per hour.

[0035] The automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus unit increases the purge frequency when the humidity is high and performs deep purge when the system is shut down for a long time to prevent internal corrosion, maintain the system clean and dry, and extend the service life of the system equipment; The quick coupler enables fast connection and rapidly replaces hydrogen at a rate of 30 cubic meters per hour. It can quickly replace gas in emergencies or during maintenance, ensuring that emergency treatment and maintenance work are carried out safely and efficiently.

[0036] Please see the attached Figure 4 The first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is equipped with a pressure equalizing device, which can monitor the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle in real time and automatically start when the pressure deviation exceeds 1MPa. It adjusts the gas flow through the internal connecting pipe to keep the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle balanced.

[0037] Monitor the pressure in real time. When the deviation exceeds 1MPa, adjust the flow and balance the pressure through the connecting pipe to ensure uniform pressure in each hydrogen storage bottle and improve the overall safety and stability of the hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0038] Please see the attached Figure 4 The volume of a single hydrogen storage bottle in the first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is 2.36m 3 Each hydrogen storage bottle is equipped with an overpressure automatic exhaust valve, and the exhaust pressure setting value is 23MPa.

[0039] The 2.36m³ volume determines the hydrogen storage capacity, and the overpressure automatic exhaust valve exhausts at 23MPa to prevent overpressure and safely store hydrogen.

[0040] During the hydrogen charging process of the above system, the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis first enters a 1m³ buffer tank for pressure stabilization, reducing the impact of pressure fluctuations on subsequent compressors. The 20MPa hydrogen compressor then pressurizes the hydrogen to 20MPa and stores it in a 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle group. The 45MPa hydrogen compressor then pressurizes it a second time to 45MPa and stores it in a 45MPa hydrogen storage bottle group. The three-stage pressure gradient, through stepped compression from 20MPa to 45MPa, reduces power consumption by 15kW・h / kgH2, a 22% reduction in energy consumption, compared to single-stage compression. The hydrogen produced by water electrolysis is efficiently and safely compressed and stored in the hydrogen storage bottle group at the corresponding pressure. The compression function of the compressor and the setting of different pressure gradients are used to achieve efficient compression, thereby realizing efficient storage of hydrogen while reducing energy consumption.

[0041] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control, characterized in that: include: The gas input module includes a gas unloading column unit, a buffer tank and a connection unit. The gas unloading column unit adopts a ferrule-type quick connector to connect the tube bundle vehicle. The buffer tank has a capacity of 1m 3 ; The compression module includes a first hydrogen compressor unit and a second hydrogen compressor unit, wherein the second hydrogen compressor unit adopts a water-cooled diaphragm structure; The hydrogen storage module includes a first hydrogen storage bottle group unit and a second hydrogen storage bottle group unit, wherein the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is divided into three levels of storage; The gas distribution and control module includes a sequential control valve group unit and a pressure reducing valve group unit. The sequential control valve group is equipped with a dynamic pressure difference control system, and the pressure reducing valve group is equipped with a three-stage series-parallel pressure reducing channel. Safety assurance module, including an emergency shut-off valve unit, a breakaway valve unit and a detection interlock unit. The emergency shut-off valve unit has a response time of less than 2 seconds and a breaking load of ≥3000N. Monitoring module, including station control system unit, integrated PLC controller and human-machine interface, realizes dual gas source switching control; Auxiliary module, including nitrogen bus unit, equipped with automatic purge device and emergency replacement interface, purge flow ≥ 20m 3 / h.

2. A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the gas input module: The gas unloading column unit is equipped with a dual parallel interface, each of which is equipped with a temperature-compensated pressure gauge with a measuring range of 0-25MPa; The inlet and outlet of the buffer tank are equipped with a check valve and a bursting disc. The opening pressure difference of the check valve is not greater than 0.05MPa, and the bursting pressure of the bursting disc is 23MPa. The connection unit adopts a conical sealing pipe, the curvature radius of the elbow is not less than 5 times the diameter of the pipe, and the surface of the pipe is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 50±5 microns.

3. A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the compression module: The diaphragm of the first hydrogen compressor unit is made of 00Cr15Ni5 stainless steel; The second hydrogen compressor unit is equipped with a three-stage cooling system, including a first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger, a second-stage air-cooled radiator, and a third-stage vortex tube cooling device. The temperature difference of the first-stage water-cooled heat exchanger is 25°C, the power of the second-stage air-cooled radiator is 5kW, and the outlet temperature of the third-stage vortex tube cooling device is not higher than 45°C. An interstage buffer tank is provided between the first hydrogen compressor unit and the second hydrogen compressor unit, with a volume of 0.5 cubic meters and an operating pressure range of 18-22 MPa.

4. A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second hydrogen storage tank unit has a three-stage storage configuration with an automatic pressure gradient compensation algorithm. When the high-pressure stage pressure drops to 42 MPa, the medium-pressure stage supplementary flow rate increases by 20%. When the system switches to the tube bundle vehicle hydrogen supply mode, the medium-pressure stage storage threshold is adjusted to 28 MPa ± 0.3 MPa. The connecting pipe of the second hydrogen storage bottle group unit is provided with a vibration damper, and the frequency attenuation rate is not less than 60%.

5. The hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sequential control valve group unit adopts two working modes. In the normal mode, air is taken in the order of low, medium and high pressure, and the pressure difference threshold is ±0.5MPa. In the emergency mode, medium pressure level is given priority and the flow rate is increased to 8kg / min. The pressure reducing valve group unit is configured in dual modes. Mode one is three-stage series pressure reduction, which reduces the pressure from 45MPa to 35MPa, 25MPa and 15MPa step by step. Mode two is medium and high pressure parallel pressure reduction, with 45MPa and 30MPa output in parallel.

6. A hydrogen storage system that facilitates hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection interlock unit adopts a triple protection mechanism. When the hydrogen concentration exceeds 0.8% by volume, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and a nitrogen purge is started. The flame detector is linked to shut down the compressor power within 0.5 seconds. When the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder group exceeds 80°C, the pressure relief valve is automatically activated, and the discharge rate is 50 cubic meters per minute. The breakaway valve unit is equipped with an overload warning device, which issues a warning signal when the pulling force reaches 2500N.

7. The hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the monitoring module, the dual gas source switching control logic includes: In the electrolysis hydrogen production mode, the 20MPa hydrogen storage bottle group is used first, and the compressor is started to replenish the pressure when the pressure is lower than 18MPa; In the hydrogen supply mode of the tube bundle truck, the 45MPa compressor is directly connected to the gas unloading column, and the pressure fluctuation is controlled within ±1MPa during switching; The human-computer interaction interface displays a three-dimensional pressure topology diagram and annotates the operating status of each module in real time.

8. The hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic purge device of the nitrogen bus unit increases the purge frequency to once per hour when the ambient humidity exceeds 60%. When the system is shut down for more than 8 hours, a deep purge is started and lasts for 15 minutes. The emergency replacement interface is equipped with a quick coupler, and the replacement rate is 30 cubic meters per hour.

9. The hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is equipped with a pressure equalizing device, which can monitor the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle in real time and automatically start when the pressure deviation exceeds 1MPa. It adjusts the gas flow through the internal connecting pipe to keep the pressure of each hydrogen storage bottle balanced.

10. The hydrogen storage system for facilitating hydrogen charging and discharging control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of a single hydrogen storage bottle in the first hydrogen storage bottle group unit is 2.36m 3 Each hydrogen storage bottle is equipped with an overpressure automatic exhaust valve, and the exhaust pressure setting value is 23MPa.

Images