Device and method for measuring dynamic balance and vibration characteristics of high-speed rotor

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device and method, and belongs to the technical field of rotor high-speed rotation characteristic monitoring. The device comprises a to-be-tested rotor, a bearing, a housing and a housing support. The shell is provided with a rotating speed sensor and displacement sensors; the displacement sensors are arranged in the middle and two ends of the main shaft; a shell bracket is arranged at the lower part of the shell; the vibration sensor is mounted on the shell bracket in a coupling manner; the laser distance measuring sensors are coaxially mounted on the outer sides of the working wheel and the brake wheel respectively; and the vibration sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the displacement sensor and the laser distance measuring sensor are respectively in signal connection with the data acquisition and signal processing system through sensor wires. According to the invention, a plurality of sensors such as the rotating speed sensor, the displacement sensor, the vibration sensor and the laser distance measuring sensor are coupled, so that vibration characteristics such as dynamic balance, vibration form and axis track of the rotor at a high rotating speed can be obtained at the same time through the measuring device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring high-speed rotation characteristics of rotors, and relates to a device and method for measuring the dynamic balance and vibration characteristics of a high-speed rotor. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the hydrogen energy industry, liquid hydrogen has attracted widespread attention due to its high density and efficient storage and transportation. my country's growing demand for liquid hydrogen has also driven the development of domestically produced hydrogen liquefaction systems. As core equipment in the liquid hydrogen production process, hydrogen / helium turboexpanders are the primary source of cooling energy for hydrogen liquefaction systems. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and helium, turboexpanders using hydrogen / helium as their medium differ from those using other media. In particular, hydrogen / helium turboexpanders operate at high speeds, with rotor speeds reaching tens, hundreds, or even hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute. As speed increases, the rotor's rotational modes change, exhibiting different vibration modes. Furthermore, rotor dynamic balance variations are amplified at high speeds, and rotor imbalance responses also vary with speed. Even a small imbalance can cause rotor instability at high speeds. High-speed, stable rotor rotation is essential for stable turbine operation. Therefore, during the development of hydrogen / helium turboexpanders, particular attention was paid to the dynamic balance and vibration characteristics of the high-speed rotor.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for monitoring the vibration state of high-speed rotor systems include vibration monitoring and displacement monitoring. However, these methods can only reflect a certain aspect of the rotor's rotational state. They cannot directly obtain dynamic balance characteristics and rotor vibration modes through a single test system, nor can they systematically reflect the rotor's overall vibration state. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a monitoring system for the high-speed vibration characteristics of hydrogen / helium turboexpander rotors. This system should deploy different types of sensors in a targeted manner, integrate and process the collected sensor data, and ultimately output the rotor's high-speed dynamic balance and vibration characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a device and method for measuring the dynamic balance and vibration characteristics of high-speed rotors. By comprehensively deploying multiple sensor types, the present invention integrates and processes the collected data, ultimately outputting the rotor's high-speed rotational modes and vibration shapes, providing support for the design of high-speed turboexpanders.

[0005] The specific technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measurement device, comprising a rotor to be measured, a bearing, a housing, and a housing bracket; the rotor to be measured comprises a running wheel, a main shaft, and a brake wheel coaxially connected in sequence;

[0007] The outer coaxial sleeve of the main shaft is provided with a bearing, and the main shaft and the bearing are sealed by an outer shell; a speed sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the outer shell, and the speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the main shaft; the displacement sensor is arranged at the middle and both ends of the main shaft, and is used to measure the radial displacement change of the rotor to be measured during rotation; a shell bracket is provided at the lower part of the outer shell; the vibration sensor is coupled and installed on the shell bracket, and is used to measure the vibration signal transmitted through the bearing, outer shell and outer shell bracket when the main shaft rotates; the laser ranging sensor is coaxially installed on the outer side of the working wheel and the brake wheel respectively, and is used to monitor the axial distance change and axial center offset of the rotor to be measured during rotation; the vibration sensor, speed sensor, displacement sensor and laser ranging sensor are respectively connected to the signal of the sensor wiring and the data acquisition and signal processing system.

[0008] Preferably, the rotor to be tested is a rotor for a hydrogen turbine expander or a helium turbine expander, and is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or high entropy alloy.

[0009] Preferably, the bearing is a gas bearing, an oil bearing or an electromagnetic bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the displacement sensor is an eddy current displacement sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the rotation speed sensor is a laser or eddy current rotation speed sensor.

[0012] Preferably, an internal flow channel for providing lubricating medium to the bearing is provided inside the shell of the housing.

[0013] Preferably, the main shaft, bearing and housing are coaxially sleeved from inside to outside.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a measurement method using any high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measurement device described in the first aspect, specifically as follows:

[0015] The driving air drives the working wheel to rotate, and the braking air drives the brake wheel to rotate to adjust the speed of the rotor to be measured; the lubricating medium is introduced into the outer casing to lubricate the bearings and reduce the rotational friction of the main shaft; the speed sensor is used to monitor the speed of the rotor to be measured, and after reaching the design speed, the vibration of the rotor to be measured is measured by the vibration sensor, the radial distance offset of the rotor to be measured is measured by the displacement sensor, and the axial distance offset and centering of the rotor to be measured are measured by the laser ranging sensor. Subsequently, the sensor wiring transmits the measurement data of various sensors to the data acquisition and signal processing system; the data acquisition and signal processing system performs comprehensive processing and coupling analysis on the measurement signals obtained from various sensors, and outputs the vibration characteristics of the rotor to be measured.

[0016] Preferably, the vibration characteristics include rotational speed, dynamic balance, rotor amplitude, rotor vibration form and axis trajectory.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention couples multiple sensors such as a speed sensor, a displacement sensor, a vibration sensor and a laser ranging sensor. The measuring device of the present invention can simultaneously obtain the vibration characteristics of the rotor at high speed, such as dynamic balance, vibration shape, and axis trajectory.

[0019] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: working wheel 1, brake wheel 2, main shaft 3, bearing 4, housing 5, housing bracket 6, vibration sensor 7, speed sensor 8, displacement sensor 9, laser ranging sensor 10, sensor wiring 11, data acquisition and signal processing system 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0024] like Figure 1Figure 1 shows a high-speed rotor dynamic balancing and vibration characteristics measurement device provided by the present invention. The device primarily comprises a rotor to be measured, a bearing 4, a housing 5, and a housing bracket 6. The rotor to be measured primarily comprises a running wheel 1, a main shaft 3, and a brake wheel 2, which are coaxially connected in sequence. The rotor to be measured is used to achieve refrigeration in a hydrogen / helium turboexpander. In the measurement device, driving gas drives the running wheel 1 to rotate the rotor, thereby operating the hydrogen / helium turboexpander. Braking gas drives the brake wheel 2 to control the speed of the hydrogen / helium turboexpander. The main shaft 3 is used to mount and rotate the impeller.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main shaft 3 is cylindrical with a disc-shaped protrusion in the center. The bearing 4 is a two-stage structure, located on either side of the disc-shaped protrusion and sleeved onto the outside of the main shaft 3. The two ends of the main shaft are connected to the running wheel 1 and the brake wheel 2, respectively.

[0026] The specific structure and working principle of each component in the device are described in detail below.

[0027] In the device of the present invention, a bearing 4 is coaxially sleeved outside the main shaft 3. The bearing supports the rotor under test and reduces friction during its rotation. The main shaft 3 and bearing 4 are sealed by a housing 5. The housing 5, located outside the bearing 4, is used to mount the bearing and the rotor under test. Lubrication is supplied to the bearing through internal flow channels within the housing, supporting the rotor's rotation. In actual use, the main shaft 3, bearing 4, and housing 5 should be coaxially sleeved from inside to outside, with a certain spacing between adjacent ones.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotor to be tested is a rotor for a hydrogen turbine expander or a helium turbine expander, and is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, high entropy alloy or other high-strength metal materials.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bearing 4 is installed around the main shaft to support the rotor to be tested, reducing rotational friction and enabling high-speed rotation. The bearing 4 can be a gas bearing, an oil bearing, or an electromagnetic bearing.

[0030] In the device of the present invention, a speed sensor 8 and a displacement sensor 9 are mounted on the housing 5. The speed sensor 8 is used to measure the speed of the main shaft 3. The displacement sensors 9 are located in the middle and at both ends of the main shaft 3 to measure the radial displacement change (i.e., distance offset) of the rotor under test during high-speed rotation.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the displacement sensor 9 is an eddy current displacement sensor, and can be installed on the housing, corresponding to the middle and two ends of the main shaft. The speed sensor 8 is a laser or eddy current speed sensor.

[0032] In the device of the present invention, a housing bracket 6 is provided below the housing 5 to support it. A vibration sensor 7 is coupled to the housing bracket 6 and measures the vibration signal transmitted through the bearing 4, housing 5, and housing bracket 6 during high-speed rotation of the main shaft. This sensor monitors the vibration of the rotor under test at high speed and quantifies its dynamic balance. Laser rangefinders 10 are coaxially mounted on the outsides of the impeller 1 and brake wheel 2, respectively, on either side of the rotor under test, to monitor the axial distance change and axial center offset between the two ends of the rotor under test during high-speed rotation.

[0033] In the device of the present invention, the vibration sensor 7, the speed sensor 8, the displacement sensor 9, and the laser ranging sensor 10 are respectively connected to the data acquisition and signal processing system 12 via sensor wiring 11. The data acquisition and signal processing system 12 can receive and comprehensively process the signals from the speed sensor, displacement sensor, vibration sensor, and laser ranging sensor, and output characteristics such as rotor speed, dynamic balance, vibration shape, and axis trajectory.

[0034] Based on the above-mentioned high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device, the present invention can further provide a measurement method for the high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device. The details are as follows:

[0035] The rotor's speed is adjusted by driving the impeller 1 with driving air and the brake wheel 2 with braking air. A lubricant is introduced into the housing 5 to lubricate the bearings 4, reducing the rotational friction of the main shaft 3. The rotor's speed is monitored by a speed sensor 8. Once the rotor reaches the target design speed, the vibration sensor 7 measures the rotor's vibration, the displacement sensor 9 measures the rotor's radial offset, and the laser ranging sensor 10 measures the rotor's axial offset and alignment. Subsequently, the sensor connection 11 transmits the data measured by the various sensors (i.e., the vibration sensor 7, displacement sensor 9, and laser ranging sensor 10) to a data acquisition and signal processing system 12. The data acquisition and signal processing system 12 then comprehensively processes and couples the measurement signals from the various sensors, analyzing them, and outputs vibration characteristics such as the rotor's speed, dynamic balance, rotor amplitude, rotor vibration pattern, and axis trajectory, as needed.

[0036] The present invention couples multiple sensors such as a speed sensor, a displacement sensor, a vibration sensor, and a laser ranging sensor (i.e., the speed sensor is used to monitor whether the speed of the rotor to be measured reaches the designed speed, the vibration sensor 7 is used to measure the vibration condition of the rotor to be measured, the displacement sensor 9 is used to measure the radial distance offset of the rotor to be measured, and the laser ranging sensor 10 is used to measure the axial distance offset and alignment condition of the rotor to be measured). Based on the measurement data of the above multiple sensors, coupled analysis can be performed to obtain vibration characteristics such as dynamic balance, vibration shape, and axis trajectory of the rotor at high speed.

[0037] The embodiment described above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device, characterized in that: The device comprises a rotor to be tested, a bearing (4), a housing (5) and a housing support (6); the rotor to be tested comprises a running wheel (1), a main shaft (3) and a brake wheel (2) which are coaxially connected in sequence; The outer coaxial sleeve of the main shaft (3) is provided with a bearing (4), and the main shaft (3) and the bearing (4) are sealed by a housing (5); a rotation speed sensor (8) and a displacement sensor (9) are installed on the housing (5); the rotation speed sensor (8) is used to measure the rotation speed of the main shaft (3); the displacement sensor (9) is arranged at the middle and both ends of the main shaft (3) and is used to measure the displacement change of the rotor to be measured in the radial direction during rotation; a housing bracket (6) is provided at the lower part of the housing (5); a vibration sensor (7) is coupled and installed on the housing bracket (6) and is used to The invention measures the vibration signal transmitted through the bearing (4), the housing (5) and the housing bracket (6) when the main shaft (3) rotates; the laser distance sensor (10) is coaxially mounted on the outer sides of the working wheel (1) and the brake wheel (2) respectively, and is used to monitor the distance change and the axis deviation of the rotor to be measured in the axial direction during rotation; the vibration sensor (7), the speed sensor (8), the displacement sensor (9) and the laser distance sensor (10) are respectively connected to the data acquisition and signal processing system (12) through the sensor wiring (11).

2. A high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor to be tested is a rotor for a hydrogen turbine expander or a helium turbine expander, and is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or high entropy alloy.

3. The high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing (4) is a gas bearing, an oil bearing or an electromagnetic bearing.

4. The high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (9) is an eddy current displacement sensor.

5. The high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed sensor (8) is a laser type or eddy current type rotation speed sensor.

6. The high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An internal flow channel for providing lubricating medium to the bearing (4) is provided inside the shell of the housing (5).

7. A measurement method using the high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The details are as follows: The driving air drives the working wheel (1) to rotate and the braking air drives the brake wheel (2) to rotate, thereby adjusting the rotational speed of the rotor to be measured; the lubricating medium is introduced into the housing (5) to lubricate the bearing (4) to reduce the rotational friction of the main shaft (3); the rotational speed of the rotor to be measured is monitored by a speed sensor (8); after reaching the design speed, the vibration of the rotor to be measured is measured by a vibration sensor (7), the radial distance offset of the rotor to be measured is measured by a displacement sensor (9), and the axial distance offset and centering of the rotor to be measured are measured by a laser distance sensor (10); then, the sensor wiring (11) transmits the measurement data of various sensors to a data acquisition and signal processing system (12); the data acquisition and signal processing system (12) performs comprehensive processing and coupling analysis on the measurement signals obtained from various sensors, and outputs the vibration characteristics of the rotor to be measured.

8. The measuring method of the high-speed rotor dynamic balance and vibration characteristic measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vibration characteristics include rotational speed, dynamic balance, rotor amplitude, rotor vibration shape and axis trajectory.

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