Electron spinning right-hand rule representation method

Abstract

Various Freight left hand rules (motor rules), right hand rules (engine rules), Ampere rules 1, Ampere rules 2 (right hand spiral rules), Lorentz forces, Ampere forces and the like exist in the fields of electrotechnics, electromagnetics, optics and the like and are used for judging current, magnetic fields and acting force directions. And memory disorder of students and technicians is easily caused. The electronic magnetic pole and the spinning direction (figure 1 in the specification) are marked by using an electronic spinning right-hand rule expression method, and all the rules and forces can be replaced and unified. And three breakthrough discoveries are caused: (1) an electron magnetic pole and a spinning direction rule are caused; and (2) the electromagnetic field is the expansion, static and retraction type expression of the electronic ring. And (3) the expansion type electronic ring has the characteristics of electromagnetic wave (including light wave) particles, fluctuation, electromagnetism, quantum and the like, and solves the optical hundred-year competition problem. And more electronic equipment and products can be developed according to the'electron spin right hand rule '.

Description

1. Technical Field

[0001] Electromagnetism, electrical engineering, and optics. 2. Background Technology

[0002] A multitude of laws and forces exist in fields such as electromagnetism, electrical engineering, and optics. These include Fleming's left-hand rule (electric motor rule) and right-hand rule (engine rule), the right-hand screw rule (Ampere's Law 1 and Ampere's Law 2), the Lorentz force, and the Ampere force, all used to determine the direction of current, magnetic field, and applied force. These laws are not only mysterious and incomprehensible, but can also easily lead to memory confusion for students and technicians. Furthermore, the phenomena of electromagnetic self-inductance and mutual inductance, and the particle, wave, electromagnetic, and quantum properties of electromagnetic waves (including light waves), remain century-old puzzles. These theories cannot be deeply understood from the perspective of physical mechanics. Currently, these theories are fragmented, and a unified theory is needed. 3. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In reality, all of the aforementioned laws and forces are determined by the "electron spin law." Current electromagnetic theory hasn't yet established this law, leading to a variety of notations. Modern physics generally recognizes the existence of electron magnetic moments and spin, but no literature clearly defines the correspondence between electron spin and magnetic poles. The "electron spin right-hand rule" notation clarifies the relationship between electron magnetic poles and spin: the thumb of the right hand represents the north magnetic pole, and the fourth finger points in the direction of spin (right-hand rule). This notation replaces and unifies the various aforementioned laws and forces and has led to three groundbreaking discoveries: ① The electron spin law, also known as the "electron spin right-hand rule." ② The electromagnetic field is essentially a manifestation of the expansion, stationary, and retracting types of electron rings. ③ The expanded electron ring exhibits the particle, wave, electromagnetic, and quantum properties of electromagnetic waves (including light waves), resolving a century-old debate in optics. The "electron spin right-hand rule" has enabled the development of a wider range of electronic devices and products.

[0004] Applying the right-hand rule representation of electron spin to the motion of electrons in all different electromagnetic environments replaces and unifies the above-mentioned multiple rules and forces. 4. Description of the Figures

[0005] Figure 1 Right-hand rule for electron spin: The thumb of the right hand represents the north magnetic pole of the electron, and the other four fingers point to the direction of spin (right-hand rule).

[0006] Figure 2The electron spin right-hand rule can be used instead of the Lorentz force to explain the deflection of an electron's trajectory in an external magnetic field. The principle of physical mechanics states that when the angular velocity vector of a rotating object does not coincide with the object's flight velocity vector, a lateral force is generated in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the angular velocity vector and the translational velocity vector. The phenomenon of an object's trajectory being deflected by this lateral force is called the Magnus effect (see Baidu Encyclopedia). Examples include looping in table tennis and banana shots in soccer. In this environment, the direction of rotation of the front hemisphere of the rotating sphere determines the direction of trajectory deflection. The movement of electrons in a magnetic field follows the same principle, but electrons have magnetic poles. An external magnetic field can be used to control the magnetic poles of the electrons, thereby controlling the rotation direction of the front hemisphere and the deflection of the trajectory.

[0007] Figure 3 The electron spin right-hand rule replaces the Lorentz force to explain the deflection of beta rays: beta rays (electrons) emitted by radioactive elements are deflected by the Lorentz force in a magnetic field. The electron spin right-hand rule is expressed as follows: in a magnetic field, the electron's south pole points toward the paper, and the direction of rotation of the electron's front hemisphere points in the direction of its trajectory deflection. This direction of rotation of the electron's front hemisphere can replace the Lorentz force (effectively, it is the deflection force of the electron's spin).

[0008] Figure 4 The right-hand rule for electron spin replaces the left-hand rule and the Ampere force (electric motor rule): the direction of the force acting on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field. According to the left-hand rule, hold your left hand open, with your thumb perpendicular and aligned with the other four fingers. Allow magnetic flux lines to flow through your palm, with your fingers pointing in the direction of the current. The direction your thumb points represents the Ampere force (i.e., the force acting on the conductor). The right-hand rule for electron spin indicates that, under the influence of a magnetic field, the electron's south pole is at the top and its north pole is at the bottom. The front hemisphere rotates slightly to the left, and the current-carrying wire moves to the left due to the deflection force of the electrons.

[0009] Figure 5 The right-hand rule for electron spin explains the rolling motion of electrons on the surface of a wire: by indicating the electron's spin and rolling direction, the direction of the electron's magnetic pole can be determined. The principle of physical mechanics states that when a rotating sphere moves on the surface of an object, the rotational force and the frictional force on the object's surface cancel each other out, and the direction of the sphere's motion is the direction of its rotation and rolling. For example, when a rotating ping-pong ball hits the net, its motion is in the same direction as the sphere's rotation and rolling. In an environment without an external magnetic field, the initial motion of electrons in a wire (alternating current) tends to move on the surface of the wire, which is known as the "skin effect" (see Baidu Encyclopedia). When electrons move on the surface of a wire, they also spin and roll in the same direction.

[0010] Figure 6The electron spin right-hand rule replaces Ampere's Rule 1 to explain stationary magnetic fields: Ampere's Rule 1 explains this by holding a straight wire carrying a current in your right hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of the current. The directions of the four fingers indicate the direction of the magnetic field surrounding the wire. The electron spin right-hand rule is expressed as follows: According to the principles of physics, a spinning sphere tends to roll on a surface due to friction. All electrons orbiting the wire have the same spin direction, resulting in the same magnetic pole orientation. This causes electrons to attract each other with opposite magnetic poles, forming a flow of electron loops. Because all electron loops have the same magnetic path, they repel each other. Furthermore, the attraction between the electron poles acts as a shield, and some electron loops break free from the magnetic attraction of the atomic nuclei in the wire and are repelled from the wire, forming a magnetic field around the wire. The magnetic field around the wire is actually the magnetic field of the electron loops. The direction of the magnetic path of the electron loops is the direction of the magnetic field. When the DC current is constant, the magnetic attraction between electrons within the loops creates a retraction force. When this retraction force balances the repulsion force, the magnetic field is stationary.

[0011] Figure 7 Mutual induction between conductors in an extended magnetic field: During the initial phase of current flow in conductor A, the electromagnetic field (electron loop) diffuses. When the electromagnetic field (electron loop) is cut by conductor B, the cut electrons rotate upward in their rear hemisphere, rolling toward the positive pole. At this point, the current in conductor B and conductor A are in opposite directions.

[0012] Figure 8 The self-inductance phenomenon of a conductor in a retracting magnetic field: When the DC current is removed, the repulsive force exerted by the electron loops in the conductor disappears. The retracting force in the magnetic field is greater than the repulsive force, causing the electron loops to retract. This magnetic field is retracting. The retracted electron loops, upon reaching the surface of the conductor, generate a transient current after power is cut off. The direction of this current is the same as the original current, a phenomenon known as self-induction.

[0013] Figure 9 The electron spin right-hand rule replaces Ampere's Rule 2 to explain the direction of the magnetic field in a current-carrying solenoid. Ampere's Rule 2 explains this by holding the solenoid in your right hand with your four fingers pointing in the direction of the current. The end pointed by your thumb is the north pole of the solenoid. The electron spin right-hand rule is expressed as follows: at the exit of the solenoid, the electron's rear hemisphere rotates downward, rolling toward the positive pole. At this point, the electron's south pole points to the left, and its north pole points to the right, indicating that all the electrons in the solenoid have the same magnetic pole orientation. This is the same as the right-hand rule.

[0014] Figure 10The electron spin right-hand rule replaces the right-hand rule (generator rule): it is used to determine the direction of the induced electromotive force (induced current) in a conductor moving in a magnetic field. The right-hand rule: Stretch your right hand flat, with your thumb perpendicular to your fingers, and your palm facing the north pole of the magnetic field. The direction of your thumb aligns with the direction of the conductor's motion, and the direction of your fingers indicates the direction of the induced current in the conductor. The electron spin right-hand rule is expressed as follows: When a wire cuts through magnetic lines of force, electrons in the magnetic lines of force roll to the left along the surface of the wire, forming an induced electron flow. 5. Specific implementation methods

[0015] 5.1 First, memorize the right-hand rule for electron spin, which is usually applied in the following two situations.

[0016] 5.2 When an electron moves in a magnetic field, its magnetic poles twist to follow the direction of the external magnetic field. The right-hand rule for electron spin indicates the direction of the electron's rotation. An electron is like a ping-pong ball looping through space; the direction of rotation of the first half of the ball is the same as the direction of its trajectory deflection.

[0017] 5.3 When electrons move along the surface of a wire, they experience a rolling motion due to their spin. According to the right-hand rule for electron spin, the direction of the electron's magnetic circuit (i.e., the direction of the magnetic field) can be determined by the direction of the electron's rolling motion around the wire. (Note: It is important to understand that electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, in the opposite direction of the current.)

Claims

1. The technical feature of the electron spin right-hand rule representation is that it replaces the numerous left-hand (palm) rule, right-hand (fist) rule, and right-hand screw rule (Ampere's law 1 and Ampere's law 2) in electrical engineering and electromagnetism with the electron spin right-hand rule.

2. The right-hand rule for electron spin replaces the mysterious Lorentz force and Ampere force with the Magnus effect of electron spin in physical mechanics.

3. The right-hand rule for electron spin clearly shows the relationship between electron spin and magnetic pole.

4. The right-hand rule for electron spin can discover and confirm the "electron spin law".

5. The right-hand rule for electron spin can reveal that the essence of the electromagnetic field is an electron loop with a closed magnetic circuit, not incomprehensible energy.

6. The right-hand rule representation of electron spin can be used to discover the classification of electromagnetic fields: expansion type, stationary type, and retraction type.

7. The electron spin right-hand rule can be used to reveal the principles of self-inductance and mutual inductance in electromagnetic fields.

8. The right-hand rule for electron spin reveals that electromagnetic waves (including light waves) are extended electron rings with particle, wave, electromagnetic, and quantum properties, resolving a century-old debate in the field of optics.

9. The right-hand rule for electron spin can help develop new energy sources and new electronic devices and products.

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