Tail gas carbon capture device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tail gas carbon capture device and method, and relates to the technical field of air carbon capture systems.The tail gas carbon capture device comprises at least two adsorption heat exchange cavities, a heat exchanger and an air storage tank, the adsorption heat exchange cavities comprise the first adsorption heat exchange cavity and the second adsorption heat exchange cavity, and each of the first adsorption heat exchange cavity and the second adsorption heat exchange cavity comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe; an inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe in a sleeved mode, a CO2 adsorbent is arranged in a gap between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, one end of the inner pipe of the first adsorption heat exchange cavity and one end of the inner pipe of the second adsorption heat exchange cavity are communicated with a tail gas exhaust port, the other ends of the inner pipes of the first adsorption heat exchange cavity and the second adsorption heat exchange cavity can be communicated with each other, and one end of the inner pipe of one adsorption heat exchange cavity in each group can be communicated with the outer pipe of the other adsorption heat exchange cavity in the same group through a heat exchanger. And the outer pipes of the first adsorption heat exchange cavity and the second adsorption heat exchange cavity can be communicated with an air storage tank or external atmosphere. According to the embodiment, the at least two adsorption heat exchange cavities are arranged, alternate circulation can be achieved through the two adsorption heat exchange cavities, waste heat in truck tail gas is fully utilized, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, and the greenhouse effect is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air carbon capture systems, and in particular to an exhaust gas carbon capture device and method. Background Art

[0002] As the world's third-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, the correlation between the growing trend of carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector and climate change has garnered widespread attention. As global transportation emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide continue to rise, global transportation greenhouse gas equivalent emissions are increasing annually, with land transport contributing over half of this total. Among the specific emission sources, heavy-duty trucks (HDT), as the core vehicle of the road logistics network, contribute 40% of the transportation sector's total annual carbon dioxide emissions. The choice of emission reduction pathways has a significant leverage effect on achieving temperature control targets.

[0003] Studies have shown that heavy trucks have compact spatial layouts and their space limitations are higher than lightweight limitations. Heavy truck exhaust contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, and the exhaust temperature is approximately 200°C-700°C, with abundant waste heat resources.

[0004] The use of solid adsorbents is a promising method due to their high selectivity for carbon dioxide at low partial pressures, reusability, and low investment costs. Compared with liquid methods, solid adsorbents are less volatile and generally do not cause damage to the environment and monitoring. The regeneration and desorption of solid carbon dioxide adsorbents can be achieved through TVSA (variable temperature vacuum cycle). If the waste heat of heavy truck exhaust can be used to collect carbon dioxide in the exhaust of heavy trucks in the adsorption chamber, it will create huge emission reduction and economic benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an exhaust carbon capture device to realize the above concept. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas carbon capture device and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so that the carbon dioxide in the truck exhaust can be adsorbed by an adsorbent and desorbed and collected by utilizing the waste heat in the truck exhaust, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction and reducing the greenhouse effect.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a tail gas carbon capture device, including an adsorption heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger and an air storage tank, wherein at least two adsorption heat exchange chambers are provided, and each group of two adsorption heat exchange chambers includes a first adsorption heat exchange chamber and a second adsorption heat exchange chamber, the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber both include an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube is sleeved with the inner tube, and a carbon dioxide adsorbent is provided in the gap between the outer tube and the inner tube, one end of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber is connected to the tail gas discharge port, and the other end can be connected to each other, and one end of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber or the second adsorption heat exchange chamber of each group can be connected to the outer tube of the other adsorption heat exchange chamber in the same group through the heat exchanger, and the outer tubes of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the air storage tank or the outside atmosphere.

[0008] Preferably, the heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and each of the heat exchange tubes is evenly distributed with a plurality of heat dissipation fins.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel on the heat exchanger, and a refrigeration source for performing heat exchange with the heat exchange tubes is provided on the heat exchange tubes.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of the total length of the inner tube or outer tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber to the difference between the inner and outer tube diameters is in the range of 9-12.

[0011] Preferably, the inner tube and outer tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber are arranged in a U-shape or a serpentine shape, and the same side of the adsorption heat exchange chamber contains a port for both the inner tube and the outer tube; a plurality of heat dissipation fins arranged along the axial direction of the inner tube are evenly distributed on the straight section of the inner tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the carbon dioxide adsorbent includes at least one of zeolite, molecular sieve, metal organic framework and carbon aerogel.

[0013] Preferably, a compressor is provided between the gas storage tank and the outer tube, and the compressor, the gas storage tank and the heat exchanger are all provided between the two adsorption heat exchange chambers.

[0014] Preferably, the exhaust port is connected to the inner tube inlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber respectively through a first three-way valve, the inner tube outlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber are both connected to one end of the heat exchanger through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the outer tube inlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber respectively through a third three-way valve; the outer tube outlet of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the gas storage tank or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fourth three-way valve, and the outer tube outlet of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the gas storage tank or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fifth three-way valve.

[0015] Preferably, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, the fourth three-way valve, and the fifth three-way valve are all automatically controlled valves, and each automatic control valve and the compressor are communicated with a controller, and the controller is connected to a timer, and the timer can control the timing opening and closing of each automatic control valve, and the controller is electrically connected to the power supply of the truck.

[0016] The present invention also relates to a tail gas carbon capture method, based on the above tail gas carbon capture device, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S1, the truck exhaust gas chooses to enter the inner tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the first adsorption heat exchange chamber. The carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber will be heated to undergo carbon dioxide oxidation and desorption. The carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent is connected to the compressor through the outer tube and finally enters the gas storage tank for storage; at the same time, the truck exhaust gas flowing out of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber further flows through the heat exchanger and is dissipated and cooled. The low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger flows into the outer tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber other than the first adsorption heat exchange chamber. The adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle;

[0018] S2, the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the first adsorption heat exchange chamber is opened to the set time and is closed; the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the second adsorption heat exchange chamber is opened, and the truck exhaust chooses to enter the inner tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber will be heated to undergo oxidation to desorption mode, and the carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent is connected to the compressor through the outer tube and finally enters the gas storage tank for storage; at the same time, the truck exhaust flowing out of the inner tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber further flows through the heat exchanger and dissipates heat and cools down, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger flows into the outer tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber except the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, which is the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent of the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the remaining exhaust is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing another carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle;

[0019] S3, repeating step S2, two or more adsorption heat exchange chambers alternately circulate to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide for storage.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] The present invention is provided with at least two adsorption heat exchange chambers, so that one adsorption heat exchange chamber can use the waste heat in the truck exhaust to desorb and collect the adsorbent that has absorbed the carbon dioxide in the truck exhaust; the carbon dioxide adsorbent in the other adsorption heat exchange chamber is used to adsorb the carbon dioxide in the truck exhaust, and the two adsorption heat exchange chambers can be alternately circulated during this process, making full use of the waste heat in the truck exhaust, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, and reducing the greenhouse effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 The structure of the tail gas carbon capture device in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 2 The structure of the tail gas carbon capture device in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 3 The structure of the tail gas carbon capture device in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3;

[0026] Figure 4 The structure of the tail gas carbon capture device in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 4 ;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the adsorption heat exchange chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adsorption heat exchange chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the principle structure of the tail gas carbon capture device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: 1-first adsorption heat exchange chamber, 2-second adsorption heat exchange chamber, 3-heat exchanger, 4-carbon dioxide adsorbent, 5-heat dissipation fins, 6-inner tube, 7-outer tube, 8-gas storage tank, 9-compressor, V1-first three-way valve, V2-second three-way valve, V3-third three-way valve, V4-fourth three-way valve, V5-fifth three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0034] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust carbon capture device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so that the carbon dioxide in the truck exhaust can be adsorbed by an adsorbent and desorbed and collected by utilizing the waste heat in the truck exhaust, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction and reducing the greenhouse effect.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a tail gas carbon capture device, including an adsorption heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger 3 and an air storage tank 8, at least two adsorption heat exchange chambers are provided, and each group of two adsorption heat exchange chambers includes a first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and a second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2, the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 both include an inner tube 6 and an outer tube 7, the outer tube 7 is sheathed with the inner tube 6, and a carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 is provided in the gap between the outer tube 7 and the inner tube 6, one end of the inner tube 6 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 is connected to the tail gas discharge port, and the other end can be connected to each other, and one end of the inner tube 6 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 or the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 of each group can be connected to the outer tube 7 of the other adsorption heat exchange chamber in the same group through the heat exchanger 3, and the outer tube 7 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 can be connected to the air storage tank 8 or the outside atmosphere. This embodiment provides at least two adsorption heat exchange chambers, enabling one chamber to utilize the waste heat from the truck exhaust to desorb and collect the adsorbent that has absorbed carbon dioxide from the truck exhaust. The carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 in the other chamber then adsorbs the carbon dioxide from the truck exhaust. During this process, the two chambers can alternate and circulate, fully utilizing the waste heat from the truck exhaust, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Multiple adsorption heat exchange chambers can be arranged in parallel, with multiple branch pipes connected to the chambers through a main intake pipe and a main exhaust pipe. Automatic control valves can then be installed on each branch pipe to achieve orderly circulation of the multiple chambers.

[0038] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are provided on the heat exchanger 3, and a plurality of heat fins 5 are evenly distributed on each heat exchange tube, so that the exhaust gas of the truck can dissipate heat and cool down to the outside. The heat exchange is to enhance the heat dissipation of the exhaust gas to the outside air and cool down the exhaust gas; it is to exchange heat with the air, that is, there is an "air cooler" in the middle.

[0039] As an optional solution, heat exchanger 3 in this embodiment is connected in parallel to several heat exchange tubes. These tubes are equipped with a cooling source for heat exchange with the tubes. This cooling source is used to further cool the truck exhaust, facilitating carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon dioxide adsorbent 4. The cooling source can be cold water below 20°C, room temperature water, or the vehicle's air conditioning system. The heat dissipated by heat exchanger 3 can be connected to the heater of the vehicle's organic Rankine cycle system, serving as a heat source for the system and further enabling energy recovery.

[0040] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the ratio of the total length of the inner tube 6 or outer tube 7 of the adsorption heat exchange chamber to the difference between the inner and outer tube 7 diameters ranges from 9 to 12, preferably 11. In this embodiment, it is preferred to have the ratio of the total length of the inner tube 6 or outer tube 7 of the adsorption heat exchange chamber to the difference between the inner and outer tube diameters be close to 11.2. Studies have shown that when this ratio is achieved, the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 has a better adsorption effect and does not waste the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4.

[0041] As an optional solution, the inner tube 6 and outer tube 7 of the adsorption heat exchange chamber in this embodiment are both arranged in a U-shape or a serpentine shape, and the same side of the adsorption heat exchange chamber contains a port for both the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 7. Several heat dissipation fins 5 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the straight section of the inner tube 6 of the adsorption heat exchange chamber, arranged along the axial direction of the inner tube 6. This facilitates full utilization of the waste heat from the truck exhaust and promotes the regeneration and desorption of the solid carbon dioxide adsorbent 4. By heating the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4, the regeneration and desorption of the solid carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 are promoted. This process utilizes the waste heat from the truck exhaust without the need for an additional heating source, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. Due to the limited space requirements of heavy trucks, slender structures are difficult to arrange on heavy trucks. In this embodiment, the inner tube 6 and outer tube 7 of the adsorption heat exchange chamber adopt a three-fold S-shape, arranging the longest adsorption chamber possible in the smallest possible space to meet the carbon dioxide adsorption requirements.

[0042] As an optional solution, the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 in this embodiment includes at least one of zeolite, molecular sieve, metal-organic framework, and carbon aerogel, but is not limited to these. Any solid carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 will suffice. Since solid carbon dioxide adsorbents have high selectivity for carbon dioxide at low partial pressures, regeneration and desorption of the solid carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 can be achieved through VSA (variable temperature vacuum cycle). Solid adsorbents are reusable, have low investment costs, and are widely applicable.

[0043] As an optional solution, a compressor 9 is installed between the gas tank 8 and the outer tube 7 in this embodiment. The compressor 9, gas tank 8, and heat exchanger 3 are all located between the two adsorption heat exchange chambers. Compressor 9 extracts and drains air, regenerating and desorbing the solid CO2 adsorbent 4. The desorbed CO2 is then pressurized and stored in the gas tank 8, further reducing the collection volume and overall footprint. The exhaust carbon capture device in this embodiment can be approximately 0.9 m in length, 0.8 m in width, and 0.6 m in height, making it compact enough to be installed near the longitudinal beam of a heavy-duty truck.

[0044] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the inlet of the inner tube 6 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 respectively through a first three-way valve V1. The outlets of the inner tube 6 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 are both connected to one end of the heat exchanger 3 through a second three-way valve V2. The other end of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the outer tube 7 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 respectively through a third three-way valve V3. The outlet of the outer tube 7 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 can be connected to the gas storage tank 8 or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fourth three-way valve V4, and the outlet of the outer tube 7 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 can be connected to the gas storage tank 8 or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fifth three-way valve V5. In this embodiment, through the symmetrical arrangement of the two additional heat exchange chambers and the three-way valves, alternating adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in the two adsorption chambers is achieved, adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide for storage, thereby achieving continuous exhaust gas capture during the operation of heavy-duty trucks.

[0045] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the first three-way valve V1, the second three-way valve V2, the third three-way valve V3, the fourth three-way valve V4, and the fifth three-way valve V5 are all automatically controlled valves. Each of the automatic control valves and the compressor 9 is in communication with a controller, which is in communication with a timer capable of controlling the timing of the opening and closing of each automatic control valve. The controller is also electrically connected to the truck's power supply. The first three-way valve V1, the second three-way valve V2, the third three-way valve V3, the fourth three-way valve V4, and the fifth three-way valve V5 can be pneumatic valves, electric valves, or solenoid valves to facilitate automated timed steering control. In this embodiment, each automatic control valve preferably rotates direction every 25 minutes to achieve alternating adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in the two adsorption chambers. When the truck is shut down and the power is cut off, exhaust gas is not emitted, and the controller and each automatic control valve are deactivated.

[0046] In this embodiment, the overall arrangement can be on either side of the heavy-duty truck's longitudinal beam, and the specific placement can be adapted according to the specific vehicle conditions. Three-way valves V1 and V3 are horizontally oriented toward the center symmetrical plane of the heavy-duty truck, with V1 positioned at the bottom, close to the exhaust port. Three-way valves V4 and V5 are horizontally oriented outward to facilitate the discharge of the remaining gas (primarily nitrogen) after capture.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, there may be two or more adsorption chambers, and a tail gas carbon capture method is provided. Based on the above tail gas carbon capture device, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] S1, the truck exhaust gas chooses to enter the inner tube 6 of any adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1. The carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 between the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 7 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 will be heated to undergo oxidation to a desorption state. The carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 passes through the outer tube 7 and is connected to the compressor 9, and finally enters the gas storage tank 8 for storage. Among them, the compression and storage of carbon dioxide can be completed by a vacuum pump and a compressor 9, or the compression and storage of gas can be achieved only by the compressor 9; at the same time, the truck exhaust gas flowing out of the inner tube 6 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 further flows through the heat exchanger 3 and is cooled and dissipated. The low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger 3 flows into the outer tube 7 of any adsorption heat exchange chamber other than the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1, and the adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2. The low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 between the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 7 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2, and the remaining exhaust is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle;

[0050] S2, the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 is opened to the set time and is closed; the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 is opened, and the truck exhaust chooses to enter the inner tube 6 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 between the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 7 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 will be heated to undergo oxidation to desorption mode, and the carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 is connected to the compressor 9 through the outer tube 7 and finally enters the gas storage tank 8 for storage; at the same time, the truck exhaust flowing out of the inner tube 6 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 further flows through the heat exchanger 3 and dissipates heat and cools down, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger 3 flows into the outer tube 7 of any adsorption heat exchange chamber other than the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2, which is the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 of the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1, and the remaining exhaust is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing another carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle;

[0051] S3, repeating step S2, two or more adsorption heat exchange chambers alternately circulate to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide for storage.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] like Figure 7As shown, this embodiment takes the simultaneous provision of two adsorption chambers as an example to provide a tail gas carbon capture method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] With ports A and B of valve S1 and V1 open and port C closed, the hot exhaust gas flows into inner tube 6 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2. Inner tube 6 is smooth, and heat exchange occurs only through the inner tube 6's walls and fins with the outer adsorbent. During this time, the outer adsorbent is heated, desorbing carbon dioxide; this process is known as the adsorbent's "heating-desorption phase." With ports A and B of valve V5 open and port C closed, the outer tube 7 of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber 2 is connected to subsequent vacuum pumping and compressed storage, where the desorbed carbon dioxide is extracted and stored. Truck exhaust in inner tube 6 flows along a tri-folded pipe to valve V2. With ports A and C open and port B closed, the truck exhaust flows into the finned tubes, where it further exchanges heat with air and cools to 20-50°C. With ports A and B of valve V3 open and port C closed, the cooler truck exhaust flows into the outer layer of the first adsorption chamber. Because the two adsorption chambers operate in an alternating cycle, at the beginning of this operation, the solid adsorbent in the first adsorption chamber has just finished the "heating phase" of the previous operating mode (Mode 2) and is at a high temperature, requiring cooling to achieve good adsorption. Therefore, at this time, the cold truck exhaust flows into the adsorption chamber and undergoes convective heat exchange with the solid carbon dioxide adsorbent 4. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 conducts heat to the outside air through the outer tube 7, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent 4 cools down through both convective heat exchange and heat conduction. This phase is called the "cooling phase." As the temperature drops, the adsorbent begins to adsorb carbon dioxide from the cold truck exhaust, becoming the "adsorption phase." Since there is no clear distinction between the two processes, they are collectively referred to as the "cooling-adsorption phase." The truck exhaust flows through the outer tube 7 of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber 1 and is adsorbed by the adsorbent. At this time, ports C and B of the V4 valve are open, port A is closed, and the remaining gas (primarily nitrogen) is discharged.

[0055] In S2, the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in the two adsorption chambers are operated alternately to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide for storage, thereby achieving continuous exhaust gas capture during the operation of heavy trucks.

[0056] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "this embodiment," "specific examples," or "some examples" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0057] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail gas carbon capture device, characterized by: It includes an adsorption heat exchange chamber, a heat exchanger and an air storage tank, and there are at least two adsorption heat exchange chambers. Each group of two adsorption heat exchange chambers includes a first adsorption heat exchange chamber and a second adsorption heat exchange chamber. The first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber both include an inner tube and an outer tube. The inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube, and a carbon dioxide adsorbent is arranged in the gap between the outer tube and the inner tube. One end of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust gas discharge port, and the other end can be connected to each other, and one end of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber or the second adsorption heat exchange chamber of each group can be connected to the outer tube of the other adsorption heat exchange chamber in the same group through the heat exchanger, and the outer tubes of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the air storage tank or the outside atmosphere.

2. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and each of the heat exchange tubes is evenly distributed with a plurality of heat dissipation fins.

3. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel on the heat exchanger, and a refrigeration source for performing heat exchange with the heat exchange tubes is arranged on the heat exchange tubes.

4. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the total length of the inner tube or outer tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber to the difference between the inner and outer tube diameters is in the range of 9-12.

5. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tube and outer tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber are arranged in a U-shape or a serpentine shape, and the same side of the adsorption heat exchange chamber contains a port of both the inner tube and the outer tube; a plurality of heat dissipation fins arranged along the axial direction of the inner tube are evenly distributed on the straight section of the inner tube of the adsorption heat exchange chamber.

6. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide adsorbent includes at least one of zeolite, molecular sieve, metal organic framework and carbon aerogel.

7. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A compressor is arranged between the gas storage tank and the outer tube, and the compressor, the gas storage tank and the heat exchanger are all arranged between the two adsorption heat exchange chambers.

8. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust port is connected to the inner tube inlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber respectively through a first three-way valve, the inner tube outlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber are both connected to one end of the heat exchanger through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the outer tube inlets of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber and the second adsorption heat exchange chamber respectively through a third three-way valve; the outer tube outlet of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the gas storage tank or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fourth three-way valve, and the outer tube outlet of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber can be connected to the gas storage tank or the outside atmosphere respectively through a fifth three-way valve.

9. The tail gas carbon capture device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, the fourth three-way valve, and the fifth three-way valve are all automatically controlled valves. Each automatic control valve and the compressor are in communication with a controller. The controller is in communication with a timer. The timer can control the timing opening and closing of each automatic control valve. The controller is electrically connected to the power supply of the truck.

10. A method for capturing carbon dioxide from exhaust gas, based on the exhaust gas carbon capture device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, the truck exhaust gas chooses to enter the inner tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the first adsorption heat exchange chamber. The carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber will be heated to undergo carbon dioxide oxidation and desorption. The carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent is connected to the compressor through the outer tube and finally enters the gas storage tank for storage; at the same time, the truck exhaust gas flowing out of the inner tube of the first adsorption heat exchange chamber further flows through the heat exchanger and is dissipated and cooled. The low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger flows into the outer tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber other than the first adsorption heat exchange chamber. The adsorption heat exchange chamber serves as the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle; S2, the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the first adsorption heat exchange chamber is opened to the set time and is closed; the control valve connected to the truck exhaust on the second adsorption heat exchange chamber is opened, and the truck exhaust chooses to enter the inner tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent between the inner tube and the outer tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber will be heated to undergo oxidation to desorption mode, and the carbon dioxide separated from the carbon dioxide adsorbent is connected to the compressor through the outer tube and finally enters the gas storage tank for storage; at the same time, the truck exhaust flowing out of the inner tube of the second adsorption heat exchange chamber further flows through the heat exchanger and dissipates heat and cools down, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide flowing out of the heat exchanger flows into the outer tube of any adsorption heat exchange chamber except the second adsorption heat exchange chamber, which is the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide is adsorbed on the carbon dioxide adsorbent of the third adsorption heat exchange chamber or the first adsorption heat exchange chamber, and the remaining exhaust is discharged to the outside atmosphere, completing another carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption cycle; S3, repeating step S2, two or more adsorption heat exchange chambers alternately circulate to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide for storage.

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