Spherical sliding bearing
The spherical plain bearing assembly, the design of the inner and outer rings and the clamping sleeve solves the installation complexity and vibration problems of the conveyor system bypass flap shaft, realizes fast and gap-free bearing support, and reduces installation cost and time.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510963513.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2019-07-08
- Filing Date
- 2020-07-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-05
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the installation and adjustment process of the bypass flap shaft of the conveyor belt system is complicated and costly, and it is difficult to effectively compensate for the tolerance of the welding structure and withstand vibration, resulting in time-consuming and costly installation.
A spherical plain bearing assembly is used, including an inner ring and an outer ring. A clamping sleeve is configured between the inner ring and the outer ring. The clamping sleeve provides axial positioning on the shaft. The outer ring is attached to the machine housing by screws. The specific shape design of the clamping sleeve and the inner ring compensates for the radial and angular misalignment of the shaft. The shaft nut fixes the inner ring, the seal prevents contamination, and the lubricant reduces friction.
The installation and adjustment process of the bypass flap is simplified, manufacturing tolerances and vibrations can be quickly compensated, clearances and wear are avoided, and installation complexity and costs are reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN120592970A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a spherical plain bearing for supporting a shaft, in particular for supporting a deflecting flap of a conveyor system for conveying bulk material, for example in a rock crusher. Background Art
[0002] Spherical plain bearings typically consist of an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring is configured to support a shaft, and the inner and outer rings have spherical surfaces that mate and slide against each other. Lubricant can be placed between the spherical surfaces. These spherical plain bearings are used in many machines and can accommodate heavy loads and compensate for misalignment.
[0003] Conveyor belt systems or bulk material conveying systems (such as those used in stone crushers, particularly those used in open-pit mining or road construction) typically include multiple conveyor belts, via which the material to be conveyed is transported. To at least partially transfer the material from one belt to another (e.g., an auxiliary belt), such machines are equipped with so-called deflection flaps or bypass flaps, which allow the material conveying direction to be changed. Thus, for example, a stone crusher includes a container for the crushed stone, a crusher unit, a downstream screen for sorting the crushed stone, and a material conveyor belt. Furthermore, such stone crushers include at least one so-called bypass flap (i.e., a deflection flap), which allows the material conveying direction of the crushed and sorted material to be adjusted. Thus, for example, the bypass flap can be used to transfer material to an auxiliary conveyor belt. The flap typically opens and closes with a rotation of + / - 90° and is screwed directly to the machine housing.
[0004] Since the machine housing of such conveyor systems is a welded system, the tolerances of the attachment points for the flap shafts are very high. This leads to high complexity and high costs when adjusting the flaps in the machine.
[0005] The adjustment system for supporting and attaching the bypass flap to the housing must also be constructed to withstand the strong vibrations from the sorting process (especially the vibrating screen). Therefore, the entire adjustment system itself must be clamped and therefore free of play.
[0006] To achieve this, cylindrical fittings of the bypass flap's shaft have hitherto been used in order to compensate for axial tolerances during attachment. The shaft is clamped radially on its cylindrical fitting by two half-shells, each enclosing an angle of 180°, in order to eliminate radial play and secure the bypass flap. The attachment device is arranged on an adjustment frame. This frame is in turn attached to the machine side wall. The through-holes for the attachment elements on the frame extend over its diameter compared to the machine side wall, thereby allowing radial adjustment of the bypass flap during the assembly process. However, when the diameter of the through-holes is not large enough to compensate for the tolerances of the welded structure, the bypass flap must be dismantled and reworked, and the assembly process must then be started from scratch.
[0007] Therefore, the installation and adjustment process is very time-consuming and cost-intensive. Summary of the Invention
[0008] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a bearing assembly for a shaft of a bypass flap which alleviates the above-mentioned disadvantages.
[0009] This object is achieved by a spherical plain bearing according to solution 1 and a conveyor belt system, in particular a stone crusher, according to solution 10 .
[0010] A spherical plain bearing for supporting a shaft, particularly a shaft such as a bypass flap of a conveyor belt system, such as a rock crusher, is described below. The bearing comprises an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring is configured to support the shaft and has a spherical radial outer surface. The outer ring includes a spherical inner surface. The outer ring's spherical shape is adapted to the inner ring's spherical shape, such that the inner ring is slidably supported within the outer ring.
[0011] To facilitate the support of a shaft (e.g., the shaft of a bypass flap) and to more easily compensate for tolerances in the attachment, it is further proposed to arrange a clamping sleeve between the bearing inner ring and the shaft, which attaches the plain bearing to the shaft. This clamping sleeve provides axial positioning on the shaft, thereby compensating for axial tolerances.
[0012] However, the spherical plain bearing itself allows for compensating for radial and angular misalignment of the shaft relative to the attachment point on the machine wall without restricting the shaft's rotational function. The proposed support of the shaft via a spherical plain bearing including a clamping sleeve significantly simplifies the attachment and adjustment process of the bypass flap, even when large misalignment values are to be compensated. Furthermore, attachment via the clamping sleeve allows for easy attachment of the inner ring, while play within the spherical plain bearing is eliminated due to the radial interlocking of the split outer ring.
[0013] According to another advantageous exemplary embodiment, the clamping sleeve comprises a cylindrical inner surface, with which the clamping sleeve abuts against the shaft, and a frustoconical outer surface, with which the clamping sleeve contacts the inner surface of the inner ring. This shape significantly facilitates the attachment and axial attachment of the inner ring.
[0014] Furthermore, the spherical plain bearing includes an inner ring having a frustoconical inner surface, with the inner ring contacting the clamping sleeve via the frustoconical inner surface. This allows for a mating system in which the inner ring abuts the clamping sleeve over its entire inner surface. It is particularly preferred that the inclination of the clamping sleeve and the inclination of the frustoconical surface of the inner ring are aligned relative to each other.
[0015] According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, the outer ring is constructed in two parts. Due to the spherical surfaces formed inside the two outer ring halves, the inner ring can be clamped axially when the two halves are attached to each other (in particular, screwed together). This allows attachment with a specific axial preload value. This prevents any play in the bearing and allows vibrations to be absorbed without wear.
[0016] Furthermore, the inner ring is preferably secured axially to the shaft and to the clamping sleeve via a shaft nut, which is secured to the shaft via the shaft nut. This shaft nut allows for precise axial positioning of the inner ring on the shaft, and thus axial positioning. The shaft nut can, in turn, be secured by a fixing metal plate to prevent twisting or loosening.
[0017] According to another advantageous exemplary embodiment, the outer ring is arranged on a machine housing, in particular, on the housing of a vibrating screen in a rock crusher or a bypass flap for diverting material flow. In this case, the outer ring is preferably attached to the side wall of the machine by screws. These screws also clamp the outer ring halves and, therefore, the entire spherical plain bearing. This creates a play-free spherical plain bearing.
[0018] According to another advantageous exemplary embodiment, the sliding space formed between the inner ring and the outer ring is sealed. Preferably, this is achieved by one or more seals (such as O-rings, for example) attached to one axial side (preferably both axial sides) of the outer ring or the inner ring. If the outer ring is also constructed in two parts, another seal (particularly an O-ring) can be arranged between the two ring halves and seal the sliding space. These seals prevent any contaminants from entering the space between the inner ring and the outer ring, thereby preventing any contaminants from entering the sliding surface. Alternatively, the spherical plain bearing can be equipped with an integrated contact seal.
[0019] In addition, lubricant can be provided in the sliding space, thereby reducing friction on the sliding surface between the inner ring and the outer ring.
[0020] According to another exemplary embodiment, the lubricant can be exchanged through a lubricant outlet or inlet point so that the bearing can be relubricated. For example, this can be achieved by a split outer ring.
[0021] A further aspect of the invention relates to a rock crusher comprising a screen device and / or a bypass flap for deflecting a material flow, said rock crusher comprising a spherical plain bearing as already described above.
[0022] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments are indicated in the description, the drawings and the claims. In particular, the combinations of features indicated in the description and the drawings are only exemplary, so that the features can also exist alone or in other combinations.
[0023] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using the exemplary embodiments depicted in the accompanying drawings. Herein, the exemplary embodiments and the combinations shown in the exemplary embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope is limited only by the pending claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section through a spherical plain bearing according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;
[0025] Figure 2 Shown according to Figure 1 A three-dimensional spatial diagram of a spherical plain bearing; and
[0026] Figure 3 Shown according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Detail of a spherical plain bearing.
[0027] In the following, identical or functionally equivalent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0028] 1 Spherical plain bearing
[0029] 2 Inner ring
[0030] 4 outer ring
[0031] 6 Inner surface of inner ring
[0032] 8 Outer surface of the inner ring
[0033] 10 Outer surface of the outer ring
[0034] 12 Inner surface of outer ring
[0035] 14 Sliding Space
[0036] 16 axes
[0037] 17 holes
[0038] 18 Clamping sleeve ( / clamping sleeve)
[0039] 20 Outer surface of the clamping sleeve
[0040] 22 Inner surface of the clamping sleeve
[0041] 23 threads
[0042] 24 Axle nut
[0043] 25 Fixed metal plate
[0044] 26 seals
[0045] 28 seals
[0046] 30 Lubricant supply
[0047] 32 Lubricant nipple
[0048] 34 through holes
[0049] 35 bracket
[0050] 36 Opening DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrates an axial section through a spherical plain bearing 1 used to support a bypass flap of a conveyor belt system (e.g., a stone crushing machine). The spherical plain bearing 1 comprises an inner ring 2 and an outer ring 4. The inner ring 2 has an inner surface 6 and a spherical outer surface 8. The outer ring 4 comprises an outer surface 10 and a spherical inner surface 12. The spherical outer surface 8 of the inner ring is correspondingly configured to slide on the spherical inner surface 12 of the outer ring 4. A sliding space 14 is provided between the spherical surfaces 8, 12 of the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4. A lubricant may be present in this sliding space 14 to reduce friction on the sliding surfaces 8, 12.
[0052] in addition, Figure 1 In FIG, the spherical plain bearing 1 is shown to be configured to support a shaft 16. In this case, the shaft 16 is, in particular, the shaft 16 of a bypass flap (also not shown) of a conveyor system, for example a stone crusher (not shown). Figure 1 As can be seen, the outer ring 4 comprises a hole 17 through which the spherical plain bearing 1 can be attached to a machine housing, in particular a machine frame of a conveyor belt system.
[0053] In order to attach the inner ring 2 to the shaft 16, the spherical plain bearing 1 further comprises a clamping sleeve 18. The clamping sleeve 18 is arranged between the inner ring 2 and the shaft 16 and has a frustoconical shape with a cylindrical inner surface 20 and an inclined outer surface (or frustoconical outer surface) 22.
[0054] The inclined outer surface 22 contacts the inner surface 6 of the inner ring 2. In order to achieve particularly good contact between the clamping sleeve 18 and the inner ring 2, the inner surface 6 of the inner ring 2 is also configured to be frustoconical and adapted to the inclination of the outer surface 22 of the clamping sleeve 18. Due to this clamping sleeve 18, easy axial positioning of the spherical plain bearing 1 relative to the housing and the shaft 16 can be achieved.
[0055] However, the spherical outer surface 8 of the inner ring 2 and the spherical inner surface 12 of the outer ring 4 can compensate for radial offset or misalignment of the shaft 16. Thus, axial and radial misalignment of the shaft due to large manufacturing tolerances of the machine housing can be compensated without complicated adjustments.
[0056] in addition, Figure 1 FIG shows that the inner ring is additionally fixed to the shaft 16 via a spindle nut 24 provided with an internal thread 23. In this case, the spindle nut is used, in particular, to fix the clamping sleeve 18 to the shaft 16. For this purpose, the spindle nut is connected to the clamping sleeve 18 via the thread 23. During the screwing on of the spindle nut 24, the clamping sleeve 18 is thereby pulled into its final position in the inner ring 2. This makes it possible to fix the axial position of the clamping sleeve 18. In addition, Figure 1 in particular Figure 2 As can be seen in FIG, the spindle nut 24 can be fixed against loosening by means of the fixing metal plate 25. For this purpose, the fixing metal plate 25 can include a bracket 35 that engages in an opening 36 on the spindle nut 24 to prevent the spindle nut 24 from twisting and thus loosening, and ultimately also prevent the clamping sleeve 18 and the inner ring 2 from twisting and loosening.
[0057] Preferably, the outer ring 4 is in two parts (eg Figure 1 and Figure 2 The outer rings 4-1 and 4-2 are shown in the figure and include seals 26 (e.g., in the form of O-rings) to protect the sliding space 14 between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4 from contamination. Seals 28-1 and 28-2 may also be provided laterally on both axial sides of the outer ring 4; these seals 28-1 and 28-2 also protect the sliding space 14 between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4 from contamination. Seals 26 and 28 can also retain lubricant present in the sliding space within the sliding space 14.
[0058] In order to allow lubricant exchange or entry, a lubricant supply point (or lubricant inlet) 30 including a lubrication nipple ( / lubricant nipple) 32 may be provided on the outer ring (particularly on the portion 4-1 of the outer ring), through which lubricant can be introduced into the sliding space 14. The configuration of the lubricant supply point 30 (particularly the configuration of the lubricant nipple 32 on the outer ring) is as follows: Figure 2 It is schematically shown in Figure 3 Here, Figure 2 Shown from Figure 1 Schematic perspective view of the spherical plain bearing 1 , but without the shaft 16 and the clamping sleeve 18 .
[0059] Figure 3 Shown along Figure 2 Detail of the axial cross-section of line III-III passing through the lubricant supply point 30. Figure 3 As can be seen, a lubricant inlet 30 extends from the lubrication nipple 32, via a hole 34 through the outer ring portion 4-1, to the sliding space 14 between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4. Lubricant can be introduced into the bearing or removed from the bearing via this lubricant inlet 30. Other embodiments are of course possible.
[0060] Overall, the proposed spherical plain bearing assembly can support the shaft of a stone crusher's bypass flap, allowing the bypass flap to be attached and adjusted simply and quickly without requiring complex adjustment and attachment. The clamping sleeve allows the bearing to be aligned axially on the shaft, compensating for axial tolerances. However, the shape of the spherical plain bearing compensates for radial and angular deviations, including shaft misalignment due to expected manufacturing tolerances. The outer ring can be screwed directly onto the machine, simplifying attachment, eliminating the need for special precautions during attachment. Due to the radial division of the outer ring, the bearing can be preloaded, particularly using a shaft nut, eliminating play in the bearing and enabling vibrations to be supported without wear.
Claims
1. A spherical bearing (1) for supporting a shaft (16), the spherical bearing (1) comprising an inner ring (2) and an outer ring (4), wherein: The inner ring (2) is configured to support the shaft (16), and the inner ring (2) has a spherical radial outer surface (8), the outer ring (4) includes a radial inner surface (12) that receives the spherical outer surface (8) of the inner ring (2), so that the inner ring (2) is slidingly supported in the outer ring (4), characterized in that a clamping sleeve (18) is arranged between the inner ring (2) and the shaft (16) to attach the spherical bearing (1) to the shaft (16); The spherical bearing (1) further comprises: a shaft nut (24) threadedly connected to the clamping sleeve (18) to fix the inner ring to the clamping sleeve (18) in the axial direction, the shaft nut (24) having an opening (36); a fixing plate (25) having a bracket (35) engaged in an opening (36) of the shaft nut (24); The outer ring (4) is attached to the machine housing; The outer ring (4) is constructed in two parts, and a seal (26) is arranged between the two parts of the outer ring (4).
2. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The clamping sleeve (18) has a cylindrical inner surface (20) and a frustoconical outer surface (22), the clamping sleeve (18) being located on the shaft (16) via the cylindrical inner surface (20) and the clamping sleeve (18) being in contact with the inner surface (6) of the inner ring (2) via the frustoconical outer surface (22).
3. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inner ring (2) comprises a frustoconical inner surface (6), and the inner ring (2) contacts the clamping sleeve (18) via the frustoconical inner surface (6).
4. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The inner ring (2) is fixed on the shaft (16) in the axial direction via the shaft nut (24).
5. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sliding space (14) between the inner ring (2) and the spherical surface (8, 12) of the outer ring (4) is sealed by at least one seal (26, 28).
6. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The sliding spaces (14) of the spherical surfaces (8, 12) of the inner ring (2) and the outer ring (4) are provided with lubricant.
7. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that A lubricant supply assembly (30) is provided on the outer ring (4), and the lubricant supply assembly (30) is equipped with radial holes (32) extending in the outer ring (4), and lubricant can be supplied to the sliding space (14) through the radial holes (32).
8. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The spherical bearing (1) is a spherical plain bearing (1) of a shaft of a bypass flap of a conveyor system.
9. The spherical bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer ring (4) is attached to the machine housing of the vibrating screen of the drive belt system or to a bypass flap for diverting the material flow.
10. A conveyor belt system comprising at least a first conveyor belt, a second conveyor belt and a bypass flap for diverting a material flow from the first conveyor belt to the second conveyor belt, wherein: The bypass flap comprises a shaft supported by a spherical bearing (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. The transmission belt system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The conveyor belt system is a lithotripsy.