Method and device for accelerating weathering of selected solid waste into soil based on compressed gas vortex expansion effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for accelerating weathering of selected solid waste into soil based on a compressed gas vortex expansion effect, and the method comprises the following steps: introducing high-pressure gas into an air inlet of a vortex tube, enabling the gas to rotate in the vortex tube, carrying out centrifugal compression on outer-layer airflow, carrying out expansion refrigeration on inner-layer airflow, and adjusting the airflow distribution proportion of the vortex tube; controlling the temperature of the heating gas and the cooling gas; the method comprises the steps that heating gas and cooling gas are used for alternately blowing and selecting solid waste piles, meanwhile, water circulation is used for leaching the solid waste piles, and weathering of the solid waste piles is accelerated under the action of cooling and heating alternation and water leaching. The device comprises a gas compressor, a gas storage tank, a vortex tube, a hot-end gas delivery pipe, a cold-end gas delivery pipe, a water spraying device, a selected solid waste storage tank and a gas guide valve. According to the device, the selected solid waste can be subjected to weathering treatment, cold and hot airflow generated by the eddy current effect is fully utilized, the weathering process of the selected solid waste is accelerated, and a weathered product can be used as a soil-like matrix; no extra medicine needs to be added in the operation process, and implementation is easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling and utilization, and particularly relates to a method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas. Background Art

[0002] Mining and processing solid waste refers to the solid waste generated during the extraction and processing of mineral resources. Improper handling of these wastes can be extremely harmful. Open-air dumps of waste rock, tailings, and other materials occupy significant land, destroying existing vegetation and landforms, and impacting ecological balance. These wastes contain heavy metals, acids, and other harmful substances, which, when washed by rainwater, can easily seep into the soil, causing soil contamination, reducing soil fertility, and affecting crop growth. Furthermore, these harmful substances can enter water bodies through surface runoff, contaminating rivers, lakes, and other water bodies, endangering aquatic life and harming drinking water safety.

[0003] The bulk disposal of mining solid waste often relies on passive methods such as stockpiling and landfilling, which occupies a large amount of land and prevents efficient utilization of solid waste resources. Although existing technologies have emerged to utilize solid waste to create composite materials, such as Li Ning and others' research on high-ductility, low-shrinkage cement-based composites using coal gangue as a substitute for river sand, these materials lack strength and are relatively limited, and currently lack effective resource recovery methods.

[0004] Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a method and device for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for accelerating the weathering of mining solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas. The present invention uses the hot and cold airflow generated by the vortex effect to simulate the weathering process of rocks in the natural environment, thereby accelerating the weathering of mining solid waste into soil.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a device for realizing a method of accelerating the weathering of mining solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas.

[0007] The first object of the present invention is achieved by comprising the following steps: S1. High-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet of the vortex tube. The gas rotates in the vortex tube, the outer layer of air is centrifugally compressed (heating), and the inner layer of air is expanded and refrigerated (cooling). The air flow distribution ratio of the vortex tube is adjusted to control the temperature of the heated gas and the cooled gas. S2. Use heating gas and cooling gas alternately to blow the mining solid waste pile, and use water circulation to leach the mining solid waste pile. The mining solid waste is accelerated by the alternating hot and cold and water leaching.

[0008] A vortex tube is a device based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas, capable of separating compressed gas into two streams, hot and cold. Air that has been compressed and cooled to room temperature is passed into the vortex tube, where it expands and accelerates in the nozzle and is ejected tangentially into the vortex chamber, forming a free vortex. The central airflow transfers energy to the outer airflow with a lower angular velocity, lowering its temperature. This airflow is then drawn out from one end through the orifice plate at the center of the vortex tube, producing the cold airflow needed for cooling. The outer airflow gains momentum, increasing its kinetic energy. At the same time, it rubs against the turbine tube wall, converting some of this kinetic energy into heat energy, which is then drawn out from the other end of the vortex tube through a control valve, forming a hot airflow. Adjusting the airflow distribution ratio in the vortex tube refers to changing the ratio of hot to cold gas in the vortex tube, which can control the temperature of the hot and cold gases.

[0009] Preferably, the mining solid waste is solid waste generated during the mining process of mineral resources, and the solid waste is one or more of coal gangue, ilmenite tailings, and phosphogypsum.

[0010] Preferably, the high-pressure gas in step S1 is air, nitrogen or CO2 gas.

[0011] Preferably, the high-pressure gas pressure in step S1 is controlled at 2 bar to 20 bar.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the heating gas temperature is 214°C to 243°C, and the cooling gas temperature is -32°C to -19°C.

[0013] Preferably, the water in step S2 is tap water or treated industrial circulating water.

[0014] Preferably, the solid waste in step S2 is weathered to obtain a soil-like matrix, and the soil-like matrix is ​​used as soil for ecological restoration and greening planting.

[0015] The second purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: it includes a gas compressor, a gas storage tank, a vortex tube, a hot end gas pipe, a cold end gas pipe, a water spray device, a mining and selection solid waste storage tank and an air guide valve, the gas compressor is connected to the gas storage tank, the gas storage tank outlet is connected to the vortex tube air inlet through a pipeline, the hot end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the hot end gas pipe, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the cold end gas pipe, the hot end gas pipe and the cold end gas pipe are respectively connected to the air guide valve, there are two mining and selection solid waste storage tanks, the air guide valves are respectively connected to the air inlets of the mining and selection solid waste storage tanks, a water spray device is provided on the top of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank, an exhaust valve is provided on the side of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank, and a drain valve is provided at the bottom of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank.

[0016] There are two mining and sorting solid waste storage tanks. When hot gas is passed into one of the mining and sorting solid waste storage tanks, cold gas can be passed into the other mining and sorting solid waste storage tank, which is beneficial to improve the processing efficiency.

[0017] The air guide valve is a common three-position four-way solenoid valve equipped with an air inlet, an exhaust hole and two air outlet holes. When the air outlet hole at one end is connected to the solid waste storage tank, the air outlet hole at the other end is closed; the air outlet of the air guide valve at the hot end air supply pipe and the cold end air supply pipe is controlled by the circuit to realize the alternating blowing of hot and cold air on the solid waste.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. The present invention can weather mining solid waste, fully utilize the hot and cold airflows generated by the eddy effect, accelerate the weathering process of mining solid waste, and the weathered product can be used as a soil-like matrix; 2. During the spraying treatment stage, the ash and salt of the mining solid waste can be dissolved, thereby improving the biochemical utilization of the treated products; 3. The present invention has low energy consumption and no safety risks; the present invention does not require additional drugs to be added during operation, the equipment is simple, and the operating cost is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the working process of the device of the present invention; In the figure: 1-gas compressor, 2-gas storage tank, 3-vortex tube, 4-hot end gas pipeline, 5-cold end gas pipeline, 6-water spray device, 7-mining and sorting solid waste storage tank, 8-air guide valve, 9-exhaust valve, 10-drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 To treat coal gangue solid waste from a coal mine, this embodiment uses a method for accelerating the weathering of the mining solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas, including the following steps: S1. High-pressure air with a pressure of 2 bar is introduced into the air inlet of the vortex tube. The gas rotates in the vortex tube, the outer layer of air is centrifugally compressed, and the inner layer of air is expanded and refrigerated. The air flow distribution ratio of the vortex tube is adjusted to control the heating gas to 220°C and the cooling gas to -20°C; S2. Use heated and cooled gases to alternately purge the coal gangue solid waste pile, while using tap water to circulate and leach the mining solid waste pile. The mining solid waste is accelerated by the alternating hot and cold air and the leaching of water. After weathering, the solid waste was converted into a soil-like matrix. N and P elements were added to the soil-like matrix, and the soil-like matrix was used as soil for planting garland chrysanthemum, spinach and glass lettuce, with a germination rate of 72%.

[0022] Example 2 The ilmenite tailings at a certain mineral processing waste site were treated. This embodiment of the method for accelerating the weathering of mining solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas is based on Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that: the pressure in step S1 is 20 bar, nitrogen is used as the gas, the gas is heated at 243°C, and the gas is cooled at -32°C; N, P, and K elements are added to the soil-like matrix, and the soil-like matrix is ​​used as soil for planting alkali sedge and salt horn grass, with a germination rate of 68%.

[0023] Example 3 The phosphogypsum produced by a certain factory was processed. This embodiment of the method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas is based on Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the pressure in step S1 is 11 bar, CO2 is used as the gas, the heating gas is 214°C, and the cooling gas is -19°C; the soil-like matrix is ​​used as soil for planting alkali sedge and saltwort, and the germination rate is 65%.

[0024] Example 4 As attached Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a device for realizing the method of accelerating the weathering of mining solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas in embodiment 1, comprising a gas compressor 1, a gas storage tank 2, a vortex tube 3, a hot end gas pipe 4, a cold end gas pipe 5, a water spray device 6, a mining solid waste storage tank 7 and an air guide valve 8, wherein the gas compressor 1 is connected to the gas storage tank 2, the outlet of the gas storage tank 2 is connected to the air inlet of the vortex tube 3 through a pipeline, the hot end outlet of the vortex tube 3 is connected to the hot end gas pipe 4, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 3 is connected to the cold end gas pipe 5, the hot end gas pipe 4 and the cold end gas pipe 5 are respectively connected to the air guide valve 8, there are two mining solid waste storage tanks 7, the air guide valves 8 are respectively connected to the air inlets of the mining solid waste storage tanks 7, and the mining solid waste storage A water spray device 6 is provided on the top of the tank 7, an exhaust valve 9 is provided on the side of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank 7, and a drain valve 10 is provided at the bottom of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank 7; the gas compressor 1 compresses the air and stores it in the gas storage tank 2, and after the compressed gas is cooled, it is passed into the vortex tube 3, and the compressed gas is divided into two streams of hot and cold gas by the vortex tube 3. The hot and cold air flows separated by the vortex effect are controlled by the air guide valve 8 and alternately enter the mining and selection solid waste storage tank 7 filled with coal gangue, simulating the weathering process in nature for the mining and selection solid waste; the water spray device 6 on the top of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank 7 evenly sprays water on the mining and selection solid waste while ventilating, simulating the leaching process in nature, and further accelerating the weathering of the mining and selection solid waste; the drain valve 10 is used for draining, and the exhaust valve 9 is used for exhausting.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. High-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet of the vortex tube. The gas rotates in the vortex tube, the outer layer of air is centrifugally compressed, and the inner layer of air is expanded and refrigerated. The air flow distribution ratio of the vortex tube is adjusted to control the temperature of the heating gas and the cooling gas; S2. Use heating gas and cooling gas alternately to blow the mining solid waste pile, and use water circulation to leach the mining solid waste pile. The mining solid waste is accelerated by the alternating hot and cold and water leaching.

2. The method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that The mining solid waste is solid waste generated during the mining process of mineral resources, and the solid waste is one or more of coal gangue, ilmenite tailings, and phosphogypsum.

3. The method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that The high-pressure gas in step S1 is air, nitrogen or CO2 gas.

4. The method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that In step S1, the high-pressure gas pressure is controlled at 2 bar to 20 bar.

5. The method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the heating gas temperature is 214°C to 243°C, and the cooling gas temperature is -32°C to -19°C.

6. The method for accelerating weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that The water in step S2 is tap water or treated industrial circulating water.

7. The method for accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, the solid waste is weathered to obtain a soil-like matrix, which is used as soil for ecological restoration and greening planting.

8. A device for realizing the method of accelerating the weathering of solid waste into soil based on the vortex expansion effect of compressed gas according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a gas compressor (1), a gas storage tank (2), a vortex tube (3), a hot end gas pipeline (4), a cold end gas pipeline (5), a water spray device (6), a solid waste storage tank (7) and an air guide valve (8), characterized in that The gas compressor (1) is connected to the gas storage tank (2), the outlet of the gas storage tank (2) is connected to the air inlet of the vortex tube (3) through a pipeline, the hot end outlet of the vortex tube (3) is connected to the hot end gas pipe (4), the cold end outlet of the vortex tube (3) is connected to the cold end gas pipe (5), the hot end gas pipe (4) and the cold end gas pipe (5) are respectively connected to the air guide valve (8), there are two mining and selection solid waste storage tanks (7), the air guide valves (8) are respectively connected to the air inlets of the mining and selection solid waste storage tanks (7), a water spray device (6) is provided on the top of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank (7), an exhaust valve (9) is provided on the side of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank (7), and a drain valve (10) is provided at the bottom of the mining and selection solid waste storage tank (7).

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