Device, machine and method for applying dry film to web-like carrier substrate

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for applying a dry film (003) to a web-like carrier substrate (006), comprising at least one first application unit (101), which comprises a first roller (102) and a second roller (103), which rotates counter to the first roller (102) according to the operating situation and forms a first gap (104) with the first roller, and a first pressing roller (103 '; 106), which is connected to the second roller (103) or arranged between the first pressing roller (103 '; 106) and a further roller between the second roller (103) together form a second gap (107), through which a substrate path for the carrier substrate (006) to be coated is guided, and a measuring device (413) for measuring the gram weight (FG) of the dry film (003), which measuring device comprises sensor means (413.1; 413.2) for adjusting the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) and / or for adjusting the gap width (b104) of the first roller (102; 103) in the direction of the second roller (103) is provided with an adjustment drive (109; 111) for rotationally driving the first or second roller (102; 103) for driving at least the rotation of the first or second roller (102; 103) and a drive mechanism (148; 149) of the measuring device (143), the sensor means (413.1; 413.2) as a control circuit (RFG; 413.2) for controlling the gram weight (FG). R 'FG) is held in signal connection with a control and / or regulation device (156), which is designed to control the control and / or regulation device (156) on the basis of the basis weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (143) via a signal connection with the adjustment drive (109; 132) for driving a drive mechanism (132; 155) to vary the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) and / or via a signal connection with the first or second roller (102; 103) and a drive mechanism (148; 149) for changing the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103), and further relates to a method for applying a dry film (003) to a web-shaped carrier substrate (008).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device, a machine and a method for coating a web-shaped carrier substrate with a dry film according to claims 1, 29 and 30. Background Art

[0002] DE 10 2017 208 220 A1 discloses a device and method for coating a carrier substrate, wherein a dry film is formed in the gap between a first roller and a second roller and, in one embodiment, transferred to the carrier substrate in the gap with a further roller. The rollers are operated at differential speeds to form fibrils. The load and density can be adjusted by the rotational speed or peripheral speed of the first and second rollers and the contact force acting in the direction of the calendering nip or roller gap.

[0003] US 2015 / 0224529 A1 discloses an apparatus for coating an object to be coated with a coating material, wherein the coating material primarily contains 20 to 65% by volume of water. A layer is formed between a first roller and a second roller, wherein the first roller has improved conveying properties, such as a rougher surface, for better discharge, and the two rollers can be operated at different speeds. It is also advantageous to adjust the gap width or relative speed between the first and second rollers to achieve a specific grammage or weight per unit area of ​​the electrode material mixture.

[0004] JP2018-206595A relates to a machine for producing electrodes, comprising an application device for applying an active material containing a solvent to a metal foil web. A dryer is provided downstream of the application device, and a device for checking the grammage of the electrode material is provided downstream of the dryer. The grammage is checked by non-destructive testing along the transport path of the electrode web. To this end, a web, previously deflected by a defined stroke, is clamped between two locations in the transport path. The weight of the deflected and clamped web segment is measured and compared to a target range. If a deviation occurs, a signal is sent to the feed device to stop the web feed, and a signal is sent to the application device to control the feed rate by manipulating the metering gap accordingly.

[0005] CN115621408A discloses a machine for producing electrode strips. In one embodiment, a collector web is unwound from a roll-to-roll unwinder and then coated with a powder film formed from powder provided by a corresponding roller structure in a coating nip of an application device via a roller train consisting of four rollers arranged on both sides. The web is then rewound into a roll on the output side. In this embodiment, a detection device for checking the quality of the material strip is located between the coating device and the winder. This detection device can optionally also detect the weight of the electrode strip using beta-rays, its thickness using laser measurement, or its width using a corresponding measuring device. The detection device can also be configured to mark sections of poor quality using a corresponding mechanism.

[0006] JP2021-801347A discloses a grammage measuring device that can be used to non-destructively measure the grammage of an electrode active material layer with high precision, as well as a method for manufacturing an electrode. The measuring device comprises an ultrasonic transmission measuring unit having an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver, and distance sensors located on both sides for determining thickness. In a first step, the electrode is manufactured by coating the current collector with active material and then drying it. Then, in a measuring step, the grammage of the electrode produced in this way is determined. If the measured value is not within the permitted range, the electrode will not proceed to the next step. In the next step, the electrode whose measured value is within the permitted range is pressed between a pair of rollers, and its grammage is measured again in a subsequent step. Similarly, the electrode whose measured value is not within the permitted range will not proceed to the next step. Qualified electrodes are then wound, packaged with an electrolyte, aged, or subjected to similar treatments. To perform the measurement, the ultrasonic transmission measuring unit and the distance sensor move across the electrode surface. In a second embodiment, the measuring device can be arranged in the application device for online measurement, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter and the receiver are arranged downstream of the distance sensor in the electrode feed direction.

[0007] KR102359521B1 discloses a device for dry-coating an active material layer on a current collector web, wherein a first roller and a second roller are provided for each web side, an active material layer is formed between the first roller and the second roller, and the corresponding active material layer is applied to the current collector web at the pressed portion between the two second rollers. A first and a second device for adjusting the roller spacing is provided, wherein the first roller and the second roller are provided, and the distance between the first roller and the second roller can be adjusted respectively by the first and the second devices. The first and the second devices include a mechanical cylinder driven by a servo motor. In addition, a third device is provided for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers. Thus, the thickness of the electrode can be easily controlled by the gap width. In one embodiment, a cylinder can also be provided between the second rollers to keep the spacing constant. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a device, a machine and a method for coating a web-shaped carrier substrate with a dry film.

[0009] According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claims 1 , 29 and 30 , respectively.

[0010] The advantages achievable according to the invention consist in particular in that a coated carrier substrate having an active material layer with a capacitance that is as uniform as possible and / or defined can be reliably produced with the aid of the device.

[0011] In an embodiment particularly suitable for the present invention, an apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdered material, in particular by a dry process, comprises at least: a first application unit comprising a first roller and a second roller that rotates in opposite directions relative to the first roller, wherein the first roller and the second roller form a first gap in a roller gap between their outer surfaces, through which a first dry film is formed or can be formed from the powdered material to be fed through the first gap; and a first pressing roller, which forms a second gap with the second roller or a further roller arranged between the first pressing roller and the second roller, through which a substrate path of the carrier substrate to be coated is guided, in order to apply or be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate guided on the substrate path through the second gap. The apparatus further comprises a measuring device including a sensor element, which is configured to determine the grammage of at least one first dry film or a variable related to and / or indicative of the grammage.

[0012] In order to adjust the gap width of the first gap and / or to adjust the first roller toward the second roller, an adjustment drive device is provided, and in order to rotationally drive the first roller or the second roller, the drive device preferably at least drives the first roller or the second roller to rotate, and a drive mechanism for rotationally driving at least the first roller or the second roller is preferably provided, wherein the sensor device of the measuring device communicates signals with the control and / or regulating device as a component of the regulating loop for adjusting the grammage, and the control and / or regulating device is configured to change the gap width of the first gap according to the grammage or the value representing the grammage determined by the measuring device through a signal connection with the drive mechanism of the adjustment drive device, and / or change the ratio between the circumferential speed of the first roller and the circumferential speed of the second roller, in particular the circumferential speed of the first roller relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller, by indirectly or directly connecting the signal to the drive mechanism driving the second roller, in particular the first roller.

[0013] By means of such a control loop, a defined, area-dependent capacity is ensured. If deviations still exist in density and / or thickness, these can be overcome, for example, in a subsequent calendering process, online or offline, by applying an appropriate pressure.

[0014] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the control and / or regulating device is in signal communication with a control and / or regulating device of a drive mechanism that rotationally drives the first roller, wherein the control and / or regulating device is configured to vary the circumferential speed of the first roller relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller in a defined manner, predetermined by the control and / or regulating device, in order to adjust the areal density to a desired value or a value within an admissible range. In other words, the control and / or regulating device can regulate or adjust the areal density by varying the ratio of the circumferential speeds of the two rollers.

[0015] Thus, for example, there is a first operating state in which a first ratio exists between the circumferential speed of the first roller and the circumferential speed of the second roller, and the grammage or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permitted range, and there is a second operating state in which, after a change in the circumferential speed of the first roller is caused by the control and / or regulating device through the control and / or regulating device, a second ratio exists for the circumferential speeds that is different from the first ratio, and the grammage or its value is equal to the rated value or at least within the permitted range.

[0016] The drive mechanism for rotationally driving the first roller is preferably designed as a drive motor that drives the first roller separately and / or mechanically independently of the drive device of the second roller, in particular as a servomotor with controllable or adjustable speed and / or position.

[0017] It is particularly advantageous if, for a change in the circumferential speed in the control and / or regulating device, a particularly linearly decreasing relationship is maintained between, on the one hand, the relative difference between the circumferential speeds of the second roller and the first roller, for example expressed as a percentage, related to the circumferential speed of the second roller or a magnitude characterizing this difference and, on the other hand, the grammage or a quantity characterizing the grammage, along which relationship the change in the speed ratio occurs or can occur.

[0018] By changing the speed ratio, in particular not only but also advantageously in conjunction with an adjustment drive including a stop mechanism, it is particularly advantageous that changes or corrections can be carried out in a simple manner without requiring mechanical adjusting movements.

[0019] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the control and / or regulating device is operatively connected to a drive included in the adjustment drive, which is configured to change the gap width of the first gap in a defined manner predetermined by the control and / or regulating device in order to adjust the surface density to a desired value or a value within an admissible range. In other words, the surface density can be adjusted or adjustable by varying the gap width between the first roller and the second roller using the control and / or regulating device.

[0020] Thus, for example, there is a first operating state in which a first gap width exists and the grammage or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permitted range; and there is a second operating state in which, after a change caused by the control and / or regulating device with the aid of the drive device, a second gap width different from the first gap width exists and the grammage or its value is equal to the rated value or at least within the permitted range.

[0021] By varying the gap width, a larger adjustment range can be achieved, in particular in combination with a position-based adjustment drive and / or drive, and / or the gap width can be adjusted or varied simultaneously using the contact / separation mechanism, if provided.

[0022] If, in a preferred embodiment variant, two of the above-mentioned control loops are provided, then, for example, the relative speed is varied in the case of small deviations, while the gap width is varied if the deviation exceeds a certain value or exceeds the control range of the relative speed.

[0023] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the gap width between the first roller and the second roller can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive, i.e., the gap width can be adjusted, for example, to a constant and / or defined gap width, in particular, for example, in combination with a gap width adjustment circuit. The adjustment drive for adjusting the gap width of the first gap and / or for adjusting the direction of the first roller toward the second roller is particularly designed as a position-based adjustment drive, i.e., an adjustment drive directed to a defined and maintainable gap width or relative position of the rollers.

[0024] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the position-based adjustment drive comprises a drive mechanism that is position-adjustable, i.e., controlled or regulated relative to its position. Preferably, a double-acting cylinder-piston system can be provided for this purpose, which can be actuated by a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, via the adjustment mechanism.

[0025] In another preferred embodiment, the position-based adjustment drive may include a stop mechanism that defines the abutment position in the direction of the pressing portion and can be position-adjusted by a drive mechanism, and a drive mechanism that adjusts the two rollers relative to each other by means of the stop mechanism.

[0026] As a drive mechanism for varying and / or adjusting the gap width, a position-adjustable drive mechanism in a first variant or an adjustment mechanism of an adjustable stop mechanism in a second variant can be operatively connected to the control and / or regulating device.

[0027] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the arrangement of the drive mechanisms for the adjusting movement, these drive mechanisms engage with their two active ends directly or indirectly on the first roller and the second roller and are configured for operation to shorten the distance between the active ends and / or to introduce, via the two active ends, adjusting forces and / or pulling forces directed towards each other between the two rollers or between the two roller-carrying sub-frames.

[0028] The measuring device for determining the grammage or its value is in particular provided for online measurement, ie for measurement during operation of the machine.

[0029] In an embodiment advantageous for measurement accuracy of individual films, the measuring device is arranged and configured to determine the grammage or its value by measuring at a location arranged after the first roller gap in the transport path of the dry film and before the location where it is applied to the carrier substrate and / or applied to the second roller.

[0030] In a particularly advantageous alternative embodiment with regard to costs, the measuring device is arranged on the second substrate path section and / or on the substrate path in such a way that the grammage or its value is determined by measurement on the product strip.

[0031] For all of the above-described embodiments and designs, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the machine, a second application unit is provided in the substrate path. This second application unit comprises a first roller and a second roller, wherein the second application unit forms a first gap for film formation in the nip between its shell surfaces, through which the dry powder mixture can also be fed to form a second dry film. The second roller of the second application unit, or a roller of the second application unit that interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers, serves as a nip roller, and together with the second roller or further rollers of the first application unit, forms a second gap serving as a double-sided laminating gap, so that the substrate guided through the second gap in the substrate path is loaded on both sides with the dry film formed in the respective first gap of the second application unit. The first and second application units thus form a dual application unit for simultaneous double-sided application.

[0032] Preferably, an adjustment drive device is provided in order to adjust the gap width of the first gap on the second application unit and / or to adjust the first roller of the second application unit toward the second roller of the second application unit, and a drive mechanism that can at least rotate and drive the first roller of the second application unit is provided in order to rotationally drive the first roller of the second application unit, wherein the sensor device of the measuring device maintains signal communication with the control and / or regulation device as a component of the regulation loop for adjusting the grammage, and the control and / or regulation device is configured to: change the gap width of the first gap of the second application unit according to the grammage or the value representing the grammage determined by the measuring device through a signal connection with the drive mechanism of the adjustment drive device, and / or change the circumferential speed of the first roller of the second application unit relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller of the second application unit through a direct or indirect signal connection with the drive device that drives the first roller of the second application unit.

[0033] For the design of the aforementioned control circuit, regulating drive, drive mechanism, operating states and other details, the description of the first application unit can be applied and transferred accordingly.

[0034] In an embodiment of a machine for coating carrier substrates, in particular dry coating with powdered materials, which is particularly suitable for the present invention, the machine comprises: a substrate unwinder arranged on the machine's input side and configured to feed a web-shaped carrier substrate to be unwound from a substrate reel to a substrate path leading through the machine at the input side; a first substrate path segment configured to feed the web-shaped carrier substrate from the substrate unwinder to an application stage, wherein the application stage is preferably designed as described above, in the claims, or in the description; a second substrate path segment configured to feed the web-shaped carrier material coated on at least one first side with a dry film as a product strip to a product winder or as a product segment to a stacking boom via a transverse cutter; and a measuring device comprising a sensor element configured to determine the grammage of at least one first dry film or a variable related to and / or representing the grammage.

[0035] When coating a web-like carrier substrate with a dry film made of a powdered material, particularly when using a machine as described above and explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiment, a web-like carrier substrate to be unwound from a substrate reel is fed to the machine at the input side in the form of a carrier substrate web by a substrate unwinder. The web-like carrier substrate is fed in sections via a first substrate path to an application stage. In the application stage, at least one first dry film is formed from the powdered material through a first nip formed between a first roller and a second roller, and the first dry film is applied to at least one first side of the carrier substrate in a second nip formed by a first nip roller and a second roller or a further roller arranged between the second roller and the nip roller. Downstream, the web-like carrier material provided with the dry film on the first side is fed in sections via a second substrate path to a product winder as a product strip or via a transverse cutter as a product segment to a stacking boom, wherein the grammage of the at least one first dry film or a quantitative value related to and / or representing the grammage is determined online by a measuring device including a sensor element.

[0036] In order to adjust the grammage to a predetermined value or a value within an allowable range, the gap width of the first gap and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed of the first roller and the circumferential speed of the second roller are now changed according to the current grammage or the value representing the grammage determined by the measuring device.

[0037] In the above case, the expression "control and / or regulating device or control and / or regulating mechanism" is to be understood here and below as a design of a control and / or regulating device or a control and / or regulating mechanism with switching or regulating electronics designed according to the required functionality and / or logic or with correspondingly programmed and implemented switching and / or regulating algorithms.

[0038] Further advantageous configurations and improvements of the above-described machine or of the above-described method can be obtained alone or in combination with the claims and the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0040] in:

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a product to be manufactured is shown;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the creation and application of a dry film;

[0043] Figure 3 An example of a machine for producing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the first group of examples with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0044] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An enlarged view of the application phase of the first embodiment of FIG;

[0045] Figure 5 An alternative embodiment to the first set of embodiments is shown;

[0046] Figure 6 Showing further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments;

[0047] Figure 7 Showing further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments;

[0048] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing an implementation scheme of a second set of embodiments;

[0049] Figure 9 Schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0050] Figure 10 shows an example of a machine for producing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate;

[0051] Figure 11 Shown is a first design with two rollers coupled in pairs. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase in FIG;

[0052] Figure 12 Shown is a second design with two rollers coupled in pairs. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase in FIG;

[0053] Figure 13 A diagram showing a removal device viewed obliquely from below is shown;

[0054] Figure 14 An oblique view showing a product segment with a slight lateral excess of primer;

[0055] Figure 15 shows another embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0056] Figure 16 shows another embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0057] Figure 17shows another embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0058] Figure 18 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit, with a multi-part frame is shown;

[0059] Figure 19 Showing the basis of a multi-piece frame Figure 18 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit;

[0060] Figure 20 A cross-sectional view showing a sub-rack of a multi-piece rack;

[0061] Figure 21 A schematic cross-sectional view showing a storage area of ​​a sub-rack;

[0062] Figure 22 A cross-sectional view showing a sub-frame with a stop mechanism for limiting positioning movement;

[0063] Figure 23 A schematic diagram showing a roller having two mutually inclined rotation axes;

[0064] Figure 24 A front view showing the sub-frame with bearings enabling pivoting;

[0065] Figure 25 A sectional view shows an alternative embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit, with a multi-part frame;

[0066] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control circuit for adjusting the gap width of a film-forming gap is shown in a) in a side view and in b) in a top view of a portion of an application unit;

[0067] Figure 27 A schematic diagram showing a multi-way valve;

[0068] Figure 28 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control circuit for adjusting the gap width of a film-forming gap is shown in a) in a side view and in b) in a top view of a portion of an application unit;

[0069] Figure 29 A schematic diagram of an application unit with a regulating circuit for adjusting the gap width is shown;

[0070] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of an application unit with a control loop for adjustment based on layer thickness is shown;

[0071] Figure 31 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative control loop for adjustment based on layer thickness is shown;

[0072] Figure 32 shows a schematic diagram of an application unit having a further alternative control loop for adjustment based on layer thickness;

[0073] Figure 33 A schematic diagram showing an application unit with a regulating circuit for adjustment based on grammage;

[0074] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative regulating circuit for grammage-based adjustment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The device or machine described below relates to the production of electrode cells 001 of electrochemical energy stores, in particular as used in batteries or accumulators, for example lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries or in particular lithium-ion batteries, as well as solid-state batteries.

[0076] The product 001; 002 to be manufactured by the machine described below can be formed, for example, from a workpiece that has yet to be cut, for example a web-like intermediate product 002, for example a product strip 002 designed as an electrode strip 002, or from a single-sheet-like final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, for example a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001 (electrode 001 for short).

[0077] In order to produce such a product 001; 002, which has a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, for example a carrier substrate web 006, for example a current conductor substrate 006 formed, for example, from a current conductor film 006, a material layer 003; 003' applied on one or both sides, in particular an active material layer 003; 003' preferably as a dry film 003; 003', there is provided a device 100; 100* for coating, in particular dry coating, such as the carrier substrate 006 described above, with the material layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', in particular a powder composite film 003, which is referred to as coating device 100; 100* for short, and comprises at least a first application unit 101, by which a powdery, preferably dry material 004; 004', in particular a preferably solvent-based and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004' can first be processed into a dry film 003, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force, and then this dry film 003; 003' can be applied to the first side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force. After application and pressing, the dry film 003; 003' to be applied should have a thickness of, for example, 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm.

[0078] The above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', which is present in particular as a dry powder, is particularly intended for the production of an electrode unit 001 for a lithium-ion battery or accumulator with, for example, more than 90% by weight of active materials, such as one or more of the following lithium compounds: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, including some, for example 3% by weight, of lead additives, some, for example graphite or so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and some, for example 2% by weight, of a synthetic material that acts as a binder in the subsequent powder composite material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0079] Carrier substrate 006, for example, simultaneously represents the current-conducting layer of electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, by a film-, nonwoven-, or textile-like conductive material, such as a metal. For example, the conductive material, particularly for producing electrode unit 001 for lithium-ion cells or accumulators, is formed from aluminum or copper and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm. When producing an anode, the conductive material is particularly made of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and when producing a cathode, it is particularly made of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating with a connection aid or connection enabler 007; 007', for example, an adhesive 007; 007', a primer 007; 007' or an adhesive 007; 007', at least in the surface region to be coated with the dry film 003; 003'. This medium 007; 007' can be formed from a thermoplastic or reactive adhesive or primer and, for example, include a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few micrometers, for example, up to 5 μm, in particular up to 3 μm.

[0081] The thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of the product 001; 002 (i.e. the electrode unit 001 or the electrode core wire 002) is, for example, at most 240 μm, in particular at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, in particular at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0082] After a calendering process, optionally followed by the application or coating of the dry film 003; 003' to the carrier substrate 006 in-line or in another machine, the total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides is, for example, at most 500 μm, in particular at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm and / or at least 50 μm, in particular at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm. In this case, the density of the applied material 004, 004 is, for example, greater than 3000 kg / m 3 , preferably greater than at least 3500 kg / m 3 The intermediate product 002 which leaves the machine for pure coating, which is also referred to here as a prefabricated product, can optionally have a lower density, but for example a density of 2000 kg / m 3 , preferably at least 2500 kg / m 3 , in particular at least 2900 kg / m 3 In the case of coating on only one side, the total thickness of the finished product 001; 002, which may be further compacted by at least one calendering process, reaches, for example, 255 μm, in particular 165 μm, preferably 65 μm and / or 30 μm, in particular at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0083] The above values ​​for the total thickness and / or density of the final product 001 or, for example, an intermediate product 002 which only needs to be cross-cut are also shown in the case of a subsequent calendering process following the coating process, if a sufficiently large force is provided during the coating process or simultaneously with the process of applying the dry film 003; 003' or this force can be applied in the lamination gap.

[0084] To ensure an efficient production process, the carrier material 006, preferably in web form, is preferably processed into the aforementioned end product or intermediate product, which has a width b006 of, for example, at least 300 mm, advantageously 500 mm, particularly at least 550 mm, or even 600 mm or more, and in particularly advantageous embodiments, up to 1200 mm. In this case, the carrier material 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, but only with the exception of the exposed edge regions, where the surface of the metallically conductive carrier material 006 is exposed and remains accessible, for example, for line connections. Such a width b003 of the coating can be, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, or even 300 mm or more.

[0085] In order to produce the dry film 003 in the above-mentioned manner, the first roller 102, in particular the metering roller 102, and the second roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103, of the first application unit 101 are arranged in such a manner that a first gap 104, in particular the first film-forming gap 104, is formed between the rollers. To form the dry film 003, the powder mixture 004, for example, which is conveyed by the device 700 for conveying a powdery material into the nip (referred to as the powder conveying device 700), can be conveyed through the first film-forming gap (see, for example, FIG. 1 ). Figure 2 The clear width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003, which may be greater than the thickness of the subsequent product 001; 002, even before the dry film passes the application point where it is applied to the carrier substrate 006, in particular under pressure.

[0086] Here, the application point is preferably formed directly by the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller 103, and the pressing portion of the roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller 106; 103', or by a roller which cooperates with the second roller 103 directly or via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller and a roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller used as laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 used as combining roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107 in the combining portion between their shell surfaces, in particular an application gap 107, also referred to hereinafter as a lamination gap 107, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the side facing away from the combining roller 106; 103, can be loaded with a dry film 003 formed by the first film-forming gap 104, for example with a thickness of at least 40 µm, for example between 50 μm and 200 μm, in particular between 60 and 120 μm.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* comprises a second application unit 101 '(see for example Figures 3 to 13 By means of this second application unit, a particularly solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004', for example, which is conveyed in the nip by a second device 700' for conveying powdered material (referred to as powder conveying device 700' for short), can first be processed, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force, into a second dry film 003'; 003 and this second dry film can subsequently be applied to a further second side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force. In principle, this can be the same powder mixture 004' as or different from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0088] Similarly, in the second application unit 101', preferably, the first roller 102', in particular the metering roller 102' and the second roller 103', in particular the laminating roller 103' are arranged in the following manner so that the first roller and the second roller have a first gap 104', in particular a second film-forming gap 104', in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, and the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed through the second film-forming gap to form a second dry film 003'.

[0089] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101', directly or indirectly cooperating with the second roller 003' or via one or more further rollers and acting as a laminating roller (not shown here), forms a gap 107'; 107 with the roller 106'; 103 acting as a pressing roller 106'; 103 in the pressing section between its shell surfaces, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular, on the second side facing away from the second pressing roller 106'; 103, can be loaded with the second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap 104'; 104.

[0090] In a first set of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see for example Figures 3 to 7), the second gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107' that is different from the first application gap or lamination gap 107, for example, the lamination gap 107' and a second roller 106' that acts in particular as a pressing roller 106 and acts on the first pressing roller 106 of the first application unit 101 and / or a second pressing roller 106' that is different from the lamination roller 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through this gap and, in particular, on the second side facing away from the second pressing roller 106', can be loaded with the second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap 104'. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided for both sides of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, different conditions for the corresponding application process can be adjusted independently of each other in the relevant lamination gaps 107; 107'. Here, for example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or temperatures can be adjusted.

[0091] For such an embodiment, it is possible, for example, for a large degree of wrapping, that in the respective application unit 101; 101', the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the pressing roller 106; 106' which forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller, in a first embodiment variant, can be arranged relative to one another in such a way that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of the respectively adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, in particular between 70° and 110°, preferably between 80° and 100°. 106 'of better heat transfer and / or better, for example, no vibration of the upper and lower rollers (see for example Figures 3 to 5 ).

[0092] For example, the respective pressing rollers 106, 106' can be arranged below the laminating rollers 103, 103' so that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103, R106, R103' of the two rollers 103, 103', 106, 106' deviates from the vertical by a maximum of ±30°, in particular by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and the force of gravity in the laminating nip act predominantly in the same direction.

[0093] In a second embodiment variant which is advantageous, for example, with regard to the forces acting and the direction of loading, in the respective application units 101; 101', the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the closing roller 106; 106' which forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller are arranged relative to one another, for example, in such a way that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respective adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at most at an acute angle α, which is a maximum of 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the rotation axes R102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same application unit 101; 101'; R103, R106, R102', R103' lie in the same plane. This arrangement is therefore very rigid, as the forces and counterforces are at least primarily directed in opposite directions. In this arrangement of three rollers 102, 103, 106, 102', 103', 106 (also referred to as a "flat arrangement"), the three rollers are arranged one behind the other in a row so that their axes of rotation R102, R103, R106, R102', R103' intersect at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective axes of rotation R102, R103, R106, R102', R103'. These axes of rotation may optionally be slightly tilted or can be tilted relative to one another, as described below.

[0094] 101 'with its laminating roller 103; 103 'arranged on different sides of the substrate path, and can be arranged one above the other in such a manner that the two laminating gaps 107; 107 'in one embodiment are arranged vertically superimposed on each other (see for example Figure 6 ) or in another embodiment are offset horizontally, in particular by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see for example Figure 7 ). Figure 7 , for example, a substrate guiding concept that can also be transferred to other embodiments is indicated by a dotted line, by which a larger wrap angle and thus a better heat transfer and / or a more stable upper roller can be achieved. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by an additional substrate guiding element 121 in such a way that when winding onto the subsequent roller 106; 106', the transport direction T S With respect to the conveying direction T of the output substrate 006 S Tilt at least 45°.

[0095] 118 '(See for example) In addition to the metering roller 102; 102 ', the second roller 103; 103 'or the second roller directly or indirectly through one or more additional rollers and the roller acting as a laminating roller, in an advantageous embodiment, there is provided an additional roller 118; 118 '(See for example Figure 5 103') in accordance with the operating conditions, i.e. during the production process, of the laminating roller 103; 103', the circumferential segment between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the form of a calendering roller 118; 118' can come into contact with the dry film 003; 003' which can be conveyed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0096] For the above-mentioned embodiments, variants and implementations, in a first configuration for roller support, the laminating roller 103; 103' of the respective application unit 101; 101' can be fixed in position with its axis of rotation R103; R103' depending on the operating situation, but can be adjusted in position if necessary, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the pressing roller 106; 106' can be supported so as to be adjustably in a direction having at least one movement separation towards and / or away from the corresponding laminating roller 103; 103' via respective adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'. Here and hereinafter, the term "adjustment drive" 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entirety of the structure which enables and / or enables direct or indirect adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which mechanisms are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' and comprise at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' which guides the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an adjustment movement and one or more drive mechanisms 132; 132'; 133; 133' which enable the adjustment.

[0097] In order to adjust the respective metering roller 102; 102' onto the second roller 103; 103', a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' or an adjustment element 109; 109' for position-based adjustment is provided in a first embodiment, i.e., an adjustment drive 109; 109' or an adjustment element 109; 109', by means of which a defined position for the component to be adjusted can be achieved. The position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' or the position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be positioned, for example, in a predetermined and / or defined position or can be operated or adjusted in a position-controlled or even position-adjustable manner.

[0098] Such a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be realized, for example, in the following way: the drive mechanism 132; 133, for example the drive motor itself can assume a defined, predeterminable position, which is possible, for example, for a position-controllable servo drive or motor (see, for example, the embodiment of the drive mechanism 132 as a hydraulically operated piston-cylinder system 132 controllable and / or adjustable in terms of piston position described below), or in such a way that the adjustment path can be defined at least towards the critical side, for example by means of an adjustment member 146 and / or an adjustment drive 155, for example an adjustment motor 155, which is operated or operable, for example, electrically or hydraulically, and which is included in the adjustment member 146, and which defines an end position and towards which the component to be adjusted in terms of position is adjusted or adjustable by means of a drive mechanism, for example, based on force or not position-controllable (see, for example, the corresponding Figure 19 or Figure 22 In this embodiment, the rollers 102; 102' are mounted, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed, for example, by a bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' that precisely defines the adjustment path. This is particularly advantageous for small adjustment ranges under high forces, for example, by bearings 113; 113' with an eccentric, such as three-ring bearings 113; 113'. For example, for adjustments parallel to the adjustment direction and therefore more direct with respect to the adjustment path, linear bearings 112; 112' extending in the adjustment direction may also be advantageous.

[0099] In order to adjust the respective pressing rollers 103; 106; 106', in this first advantageous embodiment, a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' or an adjustment element 111; 111' for force-based adjustment, i.e., an adjustment drive 111; 111' or an adjustment element 111, is provided, by which a contact with a defined force against a support can be achieved. The force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' or the adjustment element 111; 111' for force-based adjustment can be adjusted, for example, to a predetermined and / or defined force or can be operated or adjusted in a force-controlled or even adjustable manner.

[0100] Such a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111', which is particularly arranged on at least one side, can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism 132, for example the drive motor 132 itself can apply a defined and predeterminable force, which is feasible for example for a torque-adjustable or controllable, in particular torque-adjustable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in such a way that the roller to be adjusted can be brought into contact with the other roller 103; 103' with an adjustment force towards the critical side by means of a drive mechanism operable by means of a pressure medium, in particular a pressure fluid, for example by means of a pneumatically or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132; 133, wherein the pressure of the drive mechanism 132; 133 is preferably adjustable. Here, the pressing roller 106; 106" is supported, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' which realizes the adjustment force based on force, that is, without additional mechanical limitation of the adjustment path. Thus, for example, on at least one side, but preferably on both sides, such a bearing mechanism can be advantageously formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112'.

[0101] However, in a second embodiment, in a reverse manner, the metering roller 102; 102 'can be adjusted based on force, and the pressing roller 106; 106 'can be adjusted based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0102] However, in the third design, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0103] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' or a combined adjustment member 109; 109'; 111; 111' is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least the pressing roller 106; 106', which selectively realizes position-based adjustment of the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' or force-based adjustment.

[0104] Such a combined adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed, for example, by an adjusting drive 109; 111; 109'; 111' or an adjusting element 109; 111; 109' having an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', in whose drive path a stop 119, which can be positioned, for example, by the drive and / or adjusting mechanism, can be selectively inserted for positional definition. Alternatively, it is also advantageous for the adjusting drive 109; 111; 109'; 111' to comprise, as a drive mechanism 132; 133; 132'; 133', a motor 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular a servomotor, which can be operated in a positionally adjustable or controllable manner or in a torque-adjustable or controllable manner.

[0105] In a second construction for roller mounting, the combining roller 106; 106' of the respective application unit 101; 101' can be fixed in position with its axis of rotation R106; R106' depending on the operating situation, but can also be adjusted if necessary, and the laminating roller 103; 103' and the respectively assigned metering roller 102; 102' are paired via corresponding common bearing arrangements 112; 112' and / or adjustment drives 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding combining roller 106; 106', and in addition, the respective metering roller 102; 102' is supported so as to be adjustably via bearing arrangements 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0106] In a first advantageous embodiment, a position-based adjustment drive 109, 109' is provided for adjusting the respective metering rollers 102, 102', as described above. For example, a bearing arrangement 112, 112', 113, 113' formed by a three-ring bearing 113, 113' or a linear bearing 112, 112', 113, 113' is provided on one or both sides. For adjusting the laminating rollers 103, 103' in pairs with their respective associated metering rollers 102, 102', a force-based adjustment drive 111, 111' can be provided in the above-described manner.

[0107] However, in a second design, in the opposite manner, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be adjustable based on force, and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjustable based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0108] However, in the third design, the metering rollers 102, 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', 102 are force-adjustable, and in the fourth design, the metering rollers 102, 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', 102 are position-adjustable. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-described manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0109] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the oscillating roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided in the above-described manner and / or in the above-described embodiment, which allows the roller pair to be adjusted towards the pressing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 based on position or force.

[0110] In a second group of embodiments of the application device 100* (see, for example, Figures 8 to 12 、 Figures 15 to 19 、 Figure 25 、 Figure 26 and Figure 28 As shown in FIG, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101', or a roller of the second application unit 101' that cooperates with the second roller 103' directly or indirectly via one or more additional rollers, and the second or additional roller 103 of the first application unit 101, acting as a laminating roller 103, form a common gap 107 between their shell surfaces, which functions as a double-sided laminating nip 107. The two laminating rollers 103; 103', which form the gap 107 between them, act as laminating rollers 103'; 103 to each other. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided between the laminating rollers and, in particular, applied on both sides with the dry films 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming nips 104; 104', respectively. This arrangement of two application units 101; 101' that cooperate for simultaneous application on both sides is also referred to below as a dual application unit 101; 101'.

[0111] The planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller 102; 102' and the laminating roller 103; 103' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101' intersect at an acute angle α at most, for example, which acute angle is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, in particular 0°, so that at 0°, the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'; 106' of the two application units 101; 101' that cooperate in the lamination gap 107 on both sides are located in the same plane or are parallel to each other but distributed vertically offset.

[0112] In a first embodiment variant, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or extend horizontally, but are offset vertically relative to one another (see, for example, Figure 8 ).

[0113] In a second embodiment variant, which is advantageous, for example, in terms of a small wrap, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal but offset vertically relative to each other. In this case, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal, for example, at an acute angle β of 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, Figure 9 In the case of a dual application unit 101; 101', in which all, in particular all four, rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' are arranged in a single plane (also referred to as a "flat arrangement"), these rollers are arranged one behind the other in such a way that their axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102' intersect at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'. These axes of rotation may optionally be slightly tilted or tiltable relative to one another, as described below.

[0114] 118 '(See for example) In addition to the corresponding metering roller 102; 102 'and the second roller 103; 103 ', in an advantageous improvement, there may also be provided a calendering roller 118; 118 'of the type of additional roller 118; 118 '(See for example Figure 8 and Figure 9 All embodiments of the second group are shown in dashed lines).

[0115] For the above-mentioned embodiment variants and embodiments, in the first configuration for roller support, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers 103 or the further roller of the first application unit of the two application units 101 acting as a laminating roller can be supported with its rotation axis R103 in a fixed position according to the operating situation, but optionally also adjustable, while the second laminating roller of the laminating rollers 103' or the further roller acting as the second laminating roller is coupled to the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' in pairs via a common bearing arrangement 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' via a bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or an adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is mounted so as to be adjustable in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103; 103' or another roller. If one or more further rollers are present between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller serving as laminating roller, these can also be adjusted together, for example, via a common bearing arrangement 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106'.

[0116] In a first advantageous embodiment, a position-based adjustment drive 109, 109' is provided for adjusting the respective metering roller 102, 102' in the manner and / or with the aforementioned design. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' in pairs with the corresponding metering roller 102', a force-based adjustment drive 111, 111' can be provided for force-based adjustment in the manner and / or with the aforementioned design.

[0117] However, in a second design, in the opposite manner, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be force-adjusted, while the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-adjusted. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0118] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0119] In an advantageous fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the oscillating roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above-described manner and / or with the above-described design, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided, which selectively realizes a position-based adjustment of the roller pair toward the laminating roller 103'; 103 acting as the pressing roller 103'; 103 by means of a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' and a force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111'.

[0120] For example, in the following combination Figure 18 and Figure 19 or Figures 25 to 28 In the advantageous sixth embodiment described in detail, a position-based adjustment drive 109, 109' according to the above-described manner and / or embodiment is provided for adjusting the first gap 104, 104' or the corresponding metering roller 102, 102', and a force-based adjustment drive 111, 111' according to the above-described manner for force-based adjustment is provided for adjusting the second gap 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103, wherein both metering rollers 102, 102' and the closing roller 103, 103' to be adjusted are adjustable individually, i.e., not in pairs. In a particularly advantageous development of this embodiment, a combined adjustment mechanism 112, 113, 112', 113' according to the above-described manner and / or embodiment is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102, 102' and / or for adjusting the second roller 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103'.

[0121] For all embodiments of the two groups of embodiments with jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these rollers can be supported on both sides in carriers 122'; 122, in particular in side parts of the chassis, which in turn are supported in the frame accommodating the application unit 101; 101' via bearing arrangements 112'; 112; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112; 113'; 113.

[0122] Alternatively, the two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be supported on both sides in a carrier, in particular in a side part of the chassis, which in turn is pivotably supported about a pivot axis parallel to the first, stationary laminating roller 103; 103' (see, for example, Figure 12 ).

[0123] As already mentioned, in the respective application unit 101; 101', at least one further roller serving as a laminating roller and forming a laminating gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller 106; 103' can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the laminating portion with the laminating roller 106; 103'.

[0124] In a particularly advantageous development for all embodiments of both sets of examples, a removal device 114, 114', in particular a cleaning blade 114, 114', is provided in the respective application unit 101, 101', which is comprised, for example, by a material removal element 127, 127' and can be selectively brought into contact with and moved away from the outer surface of the first roller 102, 102' for cleaning purposes. This removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller outer surface that is active in film formation.

[0125] Alternatively or advantageously in addition, the material removal element 127; 127' in the respective application unit 101; 101', viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103; 103', may comprise, spaced apart from one another, two removal devices 116; 116', in particular side edge scrapers 116; 116', which are adjustable parallel to the axis and bear against or can bear against the second roller 103; 103'. These side edge scrapers can remove the dry film 003; 003' conveyed past the second roller 103; 103' in the region of its side edges and, for example, discharge it into a collecting device 117; 117'. This removal serves, for example, as so-called edge trimming, to achieve a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003'. The collected material can, for example, be returned to the conveying section for the powder mixture 004; 004'. Such a removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove edge strips 008; 008' which are used, for example, to determine the density of the material layer 003; 003'.

[0126] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning scraper 129; 129', which can be brought into contact with and moved away from the shell of the second roller 103; 103', can advantageously be provided, the removal device for example covering at least the width of the roller shell that is effective for film formation, and, if necessary, a suction section or collecting device (not shown) can be provided.

[0127] In order to convey or introduce the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first gap 004; 004, the above-mentioned powder conveying device 700; 700' is provided for conveying powdered material, wherein, in the area of ​​the wedge-shaped portion above the gap 104; 104', i.e. in the gap 104; 104' constructed between the shell surfaces of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in a space that is particularly wedge-shaped or triangular in profile, a filling and / or storage space 126 is preferably constructed and / or provided, which has a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103'.

[0128] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, two boundaries 124, in particular side plates 124, spaced apart from one another in an axially parallel manner relative to the first roller 102; 102' and adjustable, for example, in an axially parallel direction, are provided in the application unit 101; 101' above the first gap 104; 104'. These boundaries seal the region of the upper wedge formed between the outer surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' towards the two end faces of the application unit 101; 101', thereby forming a filling and / or storage space 126, preferably of variable width, located therebetween, for receiving the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or storage space 126 can thus be varied and / or adjustable in terms of the position of its lateral boundaries 124 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. As an alternative to a filling and / or storage space 126 directly bounded by the shell surface in the lower region, at least if this does not conflict with other design features of the application unit 101; 101' or the powder conveying device 700; 700', a filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel can also be provided, for example, similar to the introduction aid mentioned below, directly in or above the wedge.

[0129] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102' are preferably designed so that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjusted to a variable net width at the narrowest point according to the operating conditions, which variable net width is at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable at least by the above-mentioned position-based drive mechanism 132; 132' and / or by a stop mechanism 119 which defines the abutment position on at least one side in the direction of the pressing part and is adjustable in its position, i.e., for example, the above-mentioned, in particular adjustable or positionable stop 119.

[0130] Alternatively or additionally thereto, the bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to adjust and / or apply a linear force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, in the first gap 104; 104', at least in the region of its width which contributes to film formation, between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104'.

[0131] As described above, in order to shift the metering roller 102; 102' toward the second roller 103; 103', for example in the above-mentioned embodiment and / or in the above-mentioned manner, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 can be provided, which selectively realizes position-based adjustment, for example in one operating mode, by means of a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109', and realizes force-based adjustment, for example in a second operating mode, by means of a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111'.

[0132] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs and independently of the above-mentioned embodiments of the coating device 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106' or an application unit 101; 101' with a combination of pressing rollers 103'; 103 that act on each other, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first roller and the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' in the above-mentioned manner, for example, which is positionable in a predetermined position or position-controllable or position-adjustable, for example with respect to the gap width b104, which can be positioned, for example by a control chain S b ;S F ; S d ; S” d controllable or via, for example, a regulating loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R F adjustable, i.e., for example, adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width b104; b104', for example positionable, controllable or adjustable, wherein the position-based adjustment is directed to a defined and constant relative position or gap width b104 of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' in their operating position, and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the closing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 in the manner described above by means of a force-based, e.g., force-controllable or adjustable, adjustment drive 111; 111' is adjustable based on force, for example, by means of a pressure regulating valve or a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or for example, by means of a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., for example, a constant and / or defined contact or linear force is adjusted, for example, controllable or adjustable, wherein the force-based regulation is in particular for a defined and / or constant contact or linear force between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103' in their working position. Just for the sake of clarification, it should be noted that the linear force or abutment force acting between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107 does not act directly, but rather via the material guided through the gap, in the case of the film-forming gap 104; 104', for example via powdered material 004; 004' and in the case of the laminating gap 107; 107' via the product strip 002 with a dry film 007 on one or both sides.

[0133] Without limiting the exemplary embodiments identified above, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can in principle be adjusted by a corresponding adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111' and / or supported on a corresponding adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the manner described above. This also applies to the case where one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' which involves the associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' which does not involve this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0134] Likewise, for example, independently of the above-described embodiments of the coating device 100; 100* with a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106 or with a combined application unit 101; 101' with mutually acting pressing rollers 103'; 103, in an embodiment particularly advantageous with regard to optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first roller and the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating pressing roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 is, for example, not only position-based or force-based, but also with a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111 ', optionally in particular in the manner described above, position-adjustable, for example positionable in relation to the gap width b104, by means of a control chain S b ;S F ; S d ; S” d can be controlled or controlled by, for example, a regulating loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R FAdjustable, i.e., in one operating mode, for example, a constant and / or defined relative position of the two rollers and / or a constant and / or defined gap width b104 can be adjusted, for example, positionable or controllable or adjustable, or in another operating mode, for example, adjustable based on force, for example, controllable in relation to the regulating force by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve is adjustably designed, i.e., in another operating mode, for example, a defined and / or constant abutment force or linear force can be adjusted, for example, controllable or adjustable. In particular, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' relating to the associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is selectively supported in a position-based or force-based adjustability in a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113, and / or the associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be selectively adjusted in the above-described manner to a constant and / or defined gap width or a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force, in particular controllable or adjustable. Without limiting the exemplary embodiments identified above, in principle any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving the respective gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be adjusted in this way by a corresponding combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or can be supported accordingly on a corresponding combined adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the manner described above. This also applies to the case where one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103';106; 106' which involves the associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported in this manner together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103';106; 106' which does not involve the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0135] In an advantageous embodiment, the combined adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed by a force-based, in particular force-controllable or adjustable, adjusting drive 111; 111' with an adjusting mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112', in whose adjustment path a stop 119 is selectively inserted, which can be positioned, for example, by an adjusting element 146. A cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably provided as the drive 133, which can be operated by a pressure medium, for example a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically.

[0136] For adjustment, the first roller 102; 102' is mounted so that it can be adjusted by means of a bearing arrangement 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force, in a direction having at least one movement component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or alternatively, the closing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be mounted so that it can be adjusted by means of a bearing arrangement 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force, in a direction having at least one movement component toward and / or away from the second or further roller 103; 103' located therebetween.

[0137] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' and the corresponding second roller 102; 102' can be supported in pairs so as to be movably in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106' via a common bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, for example position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', and additionally, the respective first roller 102; 102' can be supported so as to be adjustably in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103' via a bearing arrangement 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an, for example position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0138] For all of the above embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller are driven or drivable mechanically in rotation independently of each other in opposite directions and with different circumferential speeds depending on the operating conditions and / or can be driven or drivable by different drive mechanisms 148; 149, such as drive motors 148; 149, in particular servo motors with at least adjustable or controllable speed.

[0139] Here, the first roller 102; 102' operates at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', in particular the metering roller 102; 102' and the corresponding second roller 103; 103', in particular the laminating roller 103; 103', can operate or be operated, for example, with a ratio of the circumferential speeds of the first and second rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103' V102 (102'): V103 (103'), depending on the operating conditions, which ratio is in the range of 1:5 to 3:5, in particular 1:4.

[0140] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' forming the second gap 107; 107' with each other are preferably driven or drivable mechanically independently of each other at the same circumferential speed by a common drive motor 148, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, in particular servo motors 148, depending on the operating situation.

[0141] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanically independent drive motors 148; 149 can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular virtual, control panel.

[0142] An improvement is particularly advantageous in which the first roller 102; 102' has, in its shell area which contributes to film formation, a surface which repels material more with respect to the powder mixture and / or a shell area with less good adhesion than the second roller 103; 103' in its shell area which contributes to film formation.

[0143] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surface at least in its outer surface area that contributes to film formation. The first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repellent surface at least in its side area that contributes to film formation.

[0144] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the first and / or second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably so that its shell surface - for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0145] Alternatively or preferably in addition thereto, the rollers 106; 106'; 103; 103 of the first group of embodiments, which act solely as pressing rollers 106; 106', can also be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably in such a way that their shell surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0146] The temperature control or heating can be achieved in principle electrically, but in this case in an advantageous embodiment, it is achieved by flowing a temperature control or heating fluid through the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled. In this case, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled have a temperature control fluid, for example, correspondingly temperature-controlled water, introduced into or removed from the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' via temperature control lines 134 and, for example, a rotating guide.

[0147] For all of the above-described embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, the two application units 101; 101', together with one or more substrate guide elements 121, which are optionally arranged directly in front, behind or between them, are supported in a common or optionally multi-part frame 128, for example, on two end-side frame walls 131 of the same or optionally multi-part frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with multi-part frame walls 131, a particularly rigid arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in a laminating unit 100; 100* designed as an assembly 100; 100*, for example, a laminating assembly 100; 100*, can be achieved.

[0148] If a calendering unit 600; 600*, also called calendering unit 600, 600*, as described below, is to be provided in the substrate path, for example directly downstream of the laminating unit 100; 100*, the rollers 601; 601'; 602; 602* surrounded by the calendering unit 600; 600* can, in an improved embodiment, also be supported in this frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, for example as a separate assembly 600; 600*, such as a calendering unit 600; 600*, in a side wall of a separate frame 603 which is arranged directly on and / or above the frame 128 carrying the application unit 101; 101'.

[0149] In the machine, for example Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the embodiment shown in the figure, the machine is optionally longer, but the risk of vibration transmission between the units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, in particular at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 arranged therein being arranged horizontally next to each other, preferably completely in separate frames 128; 603, which are separated from each other, for example in terms of vibration technology. Figure 3 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 15 and / or Figure 16In a variant not shown, the calendering assembly 600; 600* can also be omitted. Advantageous embodiments of such a machine in which no additional calendering unit is provided in the substrate path are for example Figure 17 and described in more detail below.

[0150] For example, Figure 15 and Figure 16 The calendering assembly 600; 600* shown, or the calendering additionally arranged downstream after the application of the dry film 003; 003*, is not mandatory and can be completely omitted in another embodiment of the coating machine. In the latter case, calendering can be completely omitted or performed or can be performed in a separate process and / or in a separate machine, such as a second machine. In this case, the second machine can, for example, include a substrate unwinder on the input side, from which the web-like intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided along a substrate path through at least one calendering unit 600 to a reel on the output side or via a cross-cutting device to a delivery.

[0151] In principle, independently of, but advantageously in combination with, one of the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, configurations, implementations or designs of the application unit 101; 101 'and / or the coating device 100; 100* and / or the machine construction, the frame 128 of the coating device 100; 100* for coating is designed as a multi-part structure in a particularly advantageous embodiment (see, for example, Figure 18 、 Figure 19 、 Figure 20 、 Figure 21 、 Figure 22 、 Figure 24 、 Figure 25 、 Figure 26 and Figure 28In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 of the application unit 101; 101', in an advantageous embodiment, at least two rollers 103; 103'; 106 which form a lamination gap 107; 107' with each other and / or act as pressing rollers 103; 103'; 106 with each other, are supported on both sides in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, said rollers being arranged in relation to each other perpendicularly to the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of at least one of the two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; The adjustment directions of the extension R106' are positionally variable relative to one another in such a way that the distance between the roller shell surfaces or the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' and / or the contact forces between the shell surfaces of two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106, for example, acting by a carrier substrate 006 applied or coated on at least one side or by a powdered material 004; 004', can be changed or adjusted. Here, in a preferred variant, one of the two sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is fixed relative to the space, for example on a placement surface of the coating device 100; 100* or in or on a superordinate frame structure 145, for example a base plate 145, and the other sub-rack of the adjacent sub-rack 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is adjustable within at least one adjustment range along the relevant adjustment direction via a bearing mechanism 112; 113, and in another variant, one sub-rack and the other sub-rack of the adjacent sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustable along the adjustment direction. The sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 each comprise, in particular, two frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, which are rigidly connected to one another, though separably if necessary, by one or more transverse connecting elements, such as one or more crossbeams 136, 137. Thus, the sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, which are adjustable in the manner described above, can be moved as a whole together with the roller 102, 102', 103, 103', 106 or rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106 supporting them.

[0152] In the above-described embodiment of the application unit 101 for single-sided application only, i.e., having the first roller 102, such as a metering roller 102, the second roller 103, such as a laminating roller 103, and the coining roller 106, in a first but not shown embodiment variant, for example, the first and second rollers 102; 103 can be supported together in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the coining roller 106 can be supported in or on the frame wall 131.2 of the second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 is supported in a force-based manner, such as force-definedly, force-controllably or force-adjustably, in terms of its abutting force and / or position-based, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, and adjustable in terms of its distance from the second roller 103 by means of the above-described adjusting members 1109; 111 (where the "and" variant in the "and / or" expression represents a combined adjustment drive that is selectively adjustable based on force or position). In an alternative variant, for example, the second roller 102; 103 and the coining roller 106 are supported in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the first roller 102, such as a metering roller 102, is supported on the frame wall 131.3 of a separate sub-frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the coining roller 106 in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 is supported adjustably spaced from the second roller 103 based on force, such as force-definedly, force-controllably or force-adjustably and / or position-based, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, by means of the above-described adjustment device 109; 111.

[0153] In the above-described embodiment of the application unit 101 for single-sided coating only, the first, second, and coining rollers 102; 103; 106 are supported in or on the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, preferably the sub-frame 128.2 carrying the second roller 103, is arranged fixedly relative to the space or the frame, while the other two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3 are supported movably relative to this sub-frame in the adjustment direction. For example, in Figure 18 In this embodiment, for example, the right sub-frame 128.4 having the frame wall 131.4 and the roller 102' is omitted, and in, the roller 103' is designed as the coining roller 106.

[0154] In the preferred and for example in Figures 8 to 12 and Figure 15 、 Figure 16 and Figure 17In the embodiment shown in FIG, in a first variant (not shown), two pairs of rollers consisting of a metering roller and a laminating roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be mounted in pairs in each sub-frame 128.1; 128.2, wherein the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 can be positionally variable relative to one another in such a way that the distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103' forming the laminating gap 107 and / or the contact forces acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be varied. In this case, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 can be mounted fixedly relative to the space or the frame, while the other sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 can be mounted displaceably in an adjustment direction. The metering roller 102; 102' is supported, for example, in the corresponding sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 by the above-mentioned adjusting member 1109; 111 so that the distance from the adjacent laminating roller 103 can be adjusted based on force, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable and / or based on position, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable. In an alternative variant, also not shown, the pair of rollers 103, 103' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' can be supported in a first common sub-frame 128.1, and the two metering rollers 102; 102' can each be supported in its own sub-frame 128.3; 128.4, wherein the first sub-frame 128.2 is, for example, fixed relative to the space or the frame, and the other two sub-frames 128.3; 128.4 can be moved relative to the first sub-frame 128.1 in such a way that: in the above-mentioned manner, the distance between the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' respectively and / or the contact forces acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. Here, one of the laminating rollers 103; 103' can be supported at a distance from the other laminating roller 103 by the above-mentioned adjusting element 1109; 111 based on force, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0155] However, in a preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a double application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, all four or, for example, all rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' in the case of additional intermediate rollers are supported in a frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of each of its own sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the second sub-frame 128.1 or the sub-frame carrying the laminating roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101 is arranged fixedly relative to the space or the frame, and the remaining sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are preferably supported along the rotation axis R103; R103' of the laminating roller 103, which is preferably perpendicular to the laminating roller 103; 103' and in particular is supported fixedly relative to the space or the frame and / or along a straight line, in particular along an adjustment direction extending horizontally.

[0156] Preferably, at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 that participates in forming the second gap 107; 107' follows upstream in relation to the material flow and / or the first roller 102 is supported in or on a third sub-frame 128.3, which can be shifted along an adjustment direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 that participates in forming the second gap 107. In the case of a double application unit 101; 101', in an advantageous embodiment, in addition, the laminating roller 103' of the second application unit 101', which participates in forming the second gap 107; 107' relative to the first application unit 101' and follows upstream with respect to the material flow, in particular the first roller 102, is supported in or on a fourth sub-frame 128.4, which is movable along an adjustment direction extending at least perpendicularly to the rotation axis R103 of the roller 103 supported in or on a sub-frame 128.1 fixed relative to the space or the frame.

[0157] For all the above-described embodiments with movable sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these sub-frames are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', wherein each movable sub-frame 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be provided with its own guide segment 138, for example a rail 138, or a continuous guide 138 or rail 138 can be provided for two or more adjacent movable sub-frames 128.2; 128.4. The sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can have supporting feet 139 on the bottom side that are designed corresponding to the guide segments 138 or guide elements 138 and, for example, include sliding bodies or rolling bodies.

[0158] Rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can in principle be supported in a torsionally fixed manner on the corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the corresponding sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, by means of corresponding bearings 151 or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 18 to 22 as well as Figure 25 、 Figure 26 and Figure 28 As can be seen in the figure, the bearing is rotatably supported by a journal at the end in a bearing 151, in particular a radial bearing 151, which in turn is arranged in or on the relevant frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4.

[0159] In this preferred embodiment, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', which are arranged adjacent to each other and movable relative to each other, or in particular the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 carrying the rollers, can be moved towards each other in the adjustment direction, in particular be clamped, and can be moved away from each other or at least released again on each frame side by at least one drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular by at least one adjustment device 141; 165 comprising a drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133' and, if necessary, by other mechanisms for transmitting adjustment movements or adjustment forces, preferably by two or at least two adjustment devices 141, in particular a traction device 141, for example in the form of a clamping device 141, can be moved towards each other, in particular be clamped, and can be moved away from each other or at least released again. Here, the traction device 141 can be designed so that not only the above-mentioned traction force can be applied, but also, if necessary, a force pointing in the opposite direction and / or moving the sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 away from each other, for example a thrust acting between the sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, the mutually facing sides of adjacent and mutually movable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are designed to correspond to one another, for example, so that adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 supported by the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example, are moved with their active outer surfaces into the relative position desired for operation, with the desired gap width b104; b104' or a load-dependent gap width b104; b104', if applicable. The explanations here for the first gap 104; 104' apply accordingly to the second gap 107, which is adjusted based on position, and to the adjustment of the second gap 107 and its gap width b107.

[0160] In an advantageous embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' having a multi-part sub-frame 128, at least one adjustment drive 109; 109' which enables adjustment, for example, change, of the position and / or the contact force between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and comprises a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed in a position-based manner, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment can optionally be operated in a position-based manner, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, or in a position-based manner, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0161] In this case, in a first embodiment (see for example Figures 18 to 22 ) For example, as a drive mechanism 133, there is provided a drive mechanism 133 which is coupled to the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 carrying the second roller 103; 103'; 106 and is operable or operable based on force, in particular operable or operable in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 loadable with a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, and at least one sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and the sub-frame 128.1 carrying the second roller 103; 103'; 106; 128.2 and can be adjusted or regulated, for example, by an adjusting member 146 and / or by a drive mechanism 155 designed as an adjustment motor 155, and, if necessary, its stop effect can be controlled or regulated. This stop mechanism can, for example, be selectively introduced into the adjustment path and / or in a manner that more or less defines the path. In principle, any desired, preferably adjustable, stop mechanism 119 can be provided as the stop mechanism 119, by which the contact movement between the two associated sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be defined and preferably regulated in relation to the end positions. This can, for example, be one or more stops 119 based on corresponding threads, which can be moved, in particular rotated, manually or by a remotely operated adjusting member 146, if necessary, via a transmission and / or by an adjustment motor 155, to the desired position. In this preferred embodiment, stop means 119 based on a wedge drive, for example, are provided as stop means 119, which are wedge-shaped slats that engage opposite sides in pairs and have thicknesses that vary in opposite directions. For adjustment, it is sufficient that, for example, one of the wedge-shaped slats is displaced or can be displaced relative to the other slat in the longitudinal direction of the pair by a suitable adjustment element 146, for example, a motor-driven adjustment element 146 comprising a screw drive or a motor-driven rack. Such stop means 119 allow for very sensitive changes in the end position to be defined by the stop means 119, utilizing a large length of the engaging sides and a small gradient in thickness.

[0162] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one adjustment drive 109; 109' which realizes a change and / or contact force between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second roller gap 107; 107' and comprises a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed based on force or, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, is optionally operable based on force or position. Here, for example, the drive mechanism 133 includes a drive mechanism 133 that indirectly or directly couples two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 forming the second roller 107; 107' therebetween and operates or is operable based on force, in particular in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be loaded with a pressure fluid, preferably hydraulically, and at least one stop mechanism 119 that acts between the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 and is adjustable via an adjustment element 146 and / or via a drive mechanism 155 comprised by the adjustment element 146. The stop mechanism 119 can be designed in the manner described above or in a different manner, but its stop effect can at least be adjusted, for example controllable or adjustable.

[0163] The drive mechanism 133 can be indirectly or directly connected to the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 carrying the roller or the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', in that: on the one hand, one active side end of each drive mechanism 132; 133, for example, a piston or a piston rod 142 of a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 which can be loaded with a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, and which is operated or can be operated, for example, in a force-controllable or position-adjustable manner, and / or on the other hand, one end of the cylinder 166 is, for example, directly connected to the corresponding sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the corresponding roller 102; 103; 102'; 103'. However, the connection can also be indirect, for example, via another mechanism that transmits the adjustment motion and / or adjustment force, such as a single-piece or multi-piece transmission element that extends or extends the piston 167 or piston rod 142 on the one hand and / or, if necessary, the cylinder body 166 on the other hand, capable of withstanding traction and / or compression loads, for example, in the form of a pull rod and / or push rod. In this case, the corresponding connection of the adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 133 or the drive mechanism 133 itself, for example, via a push plate and / or a pull plate 143; 144, defines the interface for the activation of the drive mechanism 132; 133 in this sense. Preferably, viewed in the adjustment direction, the two active ends of the adjustment device 141 or the drive mechanism 133 included therein are connected to the respective subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in both a tensile and compressive manner. This allows for active movement away from each other, in addition to moving them closer together.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 carrying these rollers, at least one adjustment device 141; 165 comprising a drive mechanism 132; 133 and realizing a relative adjustment movement and / or traction between the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular the aforementioned traction device 141; 165, for example in the form of a clamping device 141; 165, engages the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in such a manner that the adjustment device engages the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 to the roller 102; 103; 102 '; 103 'or the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 between the force toward each other into the predetermined gap width b104 soll The relative position or abutment degree is determined in relation to the relative position and / or abutment force, and if necessary, the relative position and / or abutment force is kept constant against a force acting in the opposite direction of the adjustment of the powdered material 004 or the coated carrier substrate 006, except for different pre-determined relative positions and / or abutment forces to be maintained. This means that a pulling force can be introduced between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example by means of a position-based or force-based adjustable or controllable or adjustable drive mechanism 132; 133, which adjusts the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to the desired gap width b104 in a position-based manner. sollIn the case of a desired contact force or in the case of a force-based adjustment, the material 004 or product web 002 is moved or held in such a force, if necessary, against an opposing force caused by the material 004 or product web 002. Compared to applying a pure thrust from the outside to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the advantage is that the contact force acts only on the relevant roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' and, for example, due to the possible combined pressure of the second roller 103 on the other roller 103'; 106, a force is additionally and uncontrolled applied to the adjacent, for example, second gap 107; 107', viewed in the adjustment direction. At least one drive mechanism 132; 133 or an adjustment device 141; 165 comprising a drive mechanism 132; 133 engages mutually adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with its two active sides or active ends, in particular in such a way that: in order to adjust the associated gaps 104; 104'; 107 between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', the adjustment device applies adjustment forces towards each other to these rollers or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., a traction force causing a displacement and / or contact force is introduced between the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which brings about the above-mentioned advantages.

[0165] Thus, in the advantageous solution proposed here, between two or each two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, one or more adjustment devices 141, for example the above-mentioned ones, with drive mechanisms 132; 133, engage with the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their respective active ends, i.e. the ends of the drive mechanisms 132; 133 or adjustment devices 141 which can be varied by a certain distance from each other and / or by a traction force applied therebetween, so that for example a position-based or force-based adjustment between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames is achieved by means of the adjustment devices. 103' or the relative movement between the sub-frames and / or the traction force of the contact force between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' is introduced, so that the adjustment device 141 or the drive mechanism 132; 133 pulls the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 closer to each other, for example, based on position or based on force adjustment.

[0166] In accordance with Figures 18 to 22 In the embodiment of the present invention, a drive 133 that operates or can be operated based on force, in particular in a force-controlled or force-adjustable manner, and / or a drive 133 designed as a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be acted upon by a pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided for adjusting the first and second gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107'. Such a cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably constructed or designed such that a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, can be applied to the respective roll gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems 133 are provided on each stand side, acting between two adjacent sub-stands, wherein, by virtue of the integration of these systems, a force or linear force, for example, can be applied.

[0167] Roller 102; 102 '; 103; 103 '; 106 can in principle be supported in a rotationally fixed manner on the corresponding shaft of the corresponding sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 of the frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4, or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 18 to 22 and Figure 25 、 Figure 26 and Figure 28As shown, the roller journals at their ends are rotatably supported in bearings 151 designed as radial bearings 151. Bearings 151 are, in turn, arranged in or on the relevant machine frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4. In both cases, viewed in the axial direction, rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106, or their roller journals or shafts, are effectively supported radially over a width b151 of bearing 151. This width is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roller journals or shafts toward the relevant sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. If radial bearings 151 are rotatable, these can be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged in the circumferential direction. The effective support width b151 is determined by the distance between the two outer edges of a single row of bearing elements or two outer rows of bearing elements.

[0168] In an embodiment which is particularly advantageous, for example with regard to the smallest possible deformation, on two or in each case two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 which can be varied in terms of their mutual distance and / or their mutual contact force, the adjusting device 141; 165 engages with its two active ends which can be varied in terms of their mutual distance in such a way that a same plane G which extends perpendicularly to the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' of at least one of the two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and which extends in particular within the width of the frame wall is in contact with at least the rollers 102; 103 supported in the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4; The respective effective support width b151 of the bearings 102'; 103'; 106; 106', viewed in the axial direction, intersects also the contact surface of the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 formed in the region of the active end, for example, the push and / or traction plate 143; 144 supported on the end face of the adjustment device 141; 165 on the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or fastened thereto, in particular the entire working cross section, that is, the effective piston or cylinder inner cross section in the cylinder 166, for example, of the cylinder-piston system 133 forming the drive mechanism 133. This ensures that the traction forces act in the alignment of the support element and prevents tilting in the bearing 151 caused by traction forces.

[0169] In a preferred embodiment, for all the embodiments described in combination with the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 of the application unit 101; 101' or the double application unit 101; 101', there is also a further design of the one-piece or multi-piece frame 128, in which the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106'; 106' are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position in such a way that their rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting straight line in at least one radial directrix. This embodiment should also be understood as having one or more rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged slightly inclined to each other in the manner described, with the above-mentioned "planar arrangement" being understood, wherein the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are preferably supported in the middle area of ​​the corresponding roller length at least along the same connecting straight line.

[0170] In the case of a force-based drive 133 or adjustment drive 111, the force exerted by the drive 133 is preferably adjustable, in particular controllable or adjustable. In the case of a cylinder-piston system 133 using a pressure fluid, for example compressed air or preferably a pressure fluid (for example oil under overpressure), the pressure of the pressure fluid provided by the pressure source is adjustable, in particular controllable or adjustable, at least within the adjustment range required for operation, for example via a pressure control valve or a pump that can be controlled or regulated with respect to the pressure to be provided on the output side.

[0171] In the case of a force-controlled, controllable, or regulated second roller gap 107; 107' and a position-controlled, controlled, or regulated first roller gap 104; 104', at least the corresponding first roller 102; 102' or its sub-frame 131.3; 131.4 is not fixed in position in the adjustment direction within the scope of production operation, but is displaceable or freely supported within an adjustment range of, for example, at least ±5 µm. This allows the first roller 102; 102' to be moved forward if the distance d104; d104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' fluctuates due to possible slight fluctuations in the material density.

[0172] In principle, independently of, but in combination with, one of the above-described designs, variants, constructions, embodiments or improvements of the application unit 101; 101' and / or the coating device 100; 100* and / or the machine construction and / or the machine frame 128, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' are supported or can be supported with their axes of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R102'; R103; R102'; R103' generally or in at least one operating situation, tilted to one another, i.e. not parallel (see, for example, Figure 23 Here, however, the rotation axes preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0173] If such a bearing is generally implemented without the possibility of variation, an inclined arrangement is already conceivable when the bearing 151 is arranged in a one-piece or multi-piece machine frame 128 . 1 , 128 . 2 , 128 . 3 , 128 . 4 .

[0174] However, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' are preferably tiltable towards one another, ie can be tilted from a parallel position to opposite or different tilt angles α. Here, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the second roller 103, 103', is fixed in space in the distribution of its spatial orientation R102; R102', R103; R103' depending on the operating situation, although the rollers can be displaced parallel in space without changing the inclination, while the other roller of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the first roller 102; 102', is supported so that its rotation axis R102; R102' is tilted relative to its rotation axis R102; 102'; 103; 103' in its spatial orientation and / or relative to the direction of the rotation axis R103; R103'; R102; R102' of the other roller 103; 103'; 102; 102', in particular the second roller 103; 103'. The pivoting here preferably takes place about an actual or imaginary pivot axis, which, for example, lies in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102; R102'; R103; R103' of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or preferably extends perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or intersects their rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'.

[0175] In principle, such tilting can be achieved directly by a special design of the bearings that accommodate the tiltable rollers 102, 102', 103, 103' in the machine frame 128. Thus, for example, a bearing 151, for example a bearing 151 including an eccentric, can be provided on at least one side, preferably on both sides, by means of which the radial position of the associated rotational axis R102, R103, R102', R103' in the bearing 151 can be varied. Alternatively, radially displaceable bearings can be provided on one side, or preferably on both sides, of the machine frame 128, by which displacement of the bearings the relevant bearing locations can be radially varied.

[0176] Preferably, the first roller and the second roller 102; 103; 102; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' are supported in or on different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example on the first and / or second application unit 101; 101', according to the embodiments of the multiple sub-frame 128 described above or below, for example, wherein one of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102', is connected as a whole, i.e. to the corresponding frame wall 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more crossbeams 136; 137 and the roller 102; 103; 102' supported therein. 103 'together, about a pivot axis S perpendicular to its axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103 'extending and intersecting the maximum effective width of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103 'pivotable (see for example Figures 18 to 20 and Figures 22 to 25 ).

[0177] In an advantageous embodiment, the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is supported on at least two support portions 153 spaced apart from each other along an arc K extending in a circumferential direction about the pivot axis S, wherein the support portion is at a radius R S The inner portion is located on an arc K extending around the pivot axis S and / or determining the position of the pivot axis S (see for example Figure 24 The bearing point 153 is formed, for example, by a sliding body or preferably a rolling element 153, such as a roller, which is arranged in two spaced-apart bearing seats 147. The roller can rotate about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the arc K SFor example, it is greater than half the entire maximum available width of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' pivoted together with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. This enables a large adjustment path to be achieved for minimal inclination changes.

[0178] The bearing seat 147 is supported, for example, on a guide 138 extending perpendicularly to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' supported by the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and, on this guide, together with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 supported thereon, can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103'.

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, a bearing 153 for supporting the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 cooperates with a bearing surface 154 facing the bearing 153, the bearing 153 being arranged in the lower region of the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular in the region of the lower end of at least one of the two associated frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, and / or having a surface supported on at least one bearing 153, which has a profile that is curved in the shape of a circular arc, at least within the adjustment range, as viewed in the circumferential direction of the arc K. The radius of curvature preferably corresponds to the aforementioned radius R S .

[0180] In principle, the pivoting can be effected manually, but preferably a drive mechanism, in particular one which can be remotely operated, is used, by means of which the relevant sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted.

[0181] The pivot angle or tilt angle α is, for example, an angle between 0.1° and 2.0°, in particular between 0.5° and 1.5°, preferably 1.0°. The adjustment range of the pivoting can then be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0° or possibly a larger range.

[0182] The above description of the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 pivotable about the pivot axis S applies to all embodiments proposed for the dividing frame 128; 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, but with the proviso that a simple, i.e. first or second roller 102; 103, of an application unit 101 for single-sided application, in particular a simple first roller 102, or a double application unit 101; 101' two application units 101; 101' first or second roller 102; 103, of an application unit 101 for single-sided application or a sub-frame 128.1; 128.3; 128.2; 128.4 is designed to be pivotable in the manner described above and is advantageously designed with the above-described mechanism.

[0183] Regardless of whether the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' are pivoted together with or not with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivot axis S is preferably located in the plane of the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or extends at least perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', and / or at least perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; The rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' intersect, advantageously, the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. The pivot axis S of the pivotable rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' advantageously intersects the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; 103'. The first and second rollers 102, 103, 102', 103' preferably intersect in a central region, i.e., at a distance of, for example, no more than 15% of the available length, or, in particular, at the center level of the maximum available roller width. In the preferred embodiment shown, the pivoting movement of the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', R103' occurs in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis S. During the pivoting, this plane does not shift in the direction of the pivot axis and / or the pivot axis does not change its spatial position. This allows for pivoting to be performed independently of contact and separation, and vice versa.

[0184] In an alternative embodiment of the above-described embodiment of the adjustment drive 109; 109', the adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107', in particular the associated or corresponding first roller 102; 102', and / or the gap width b104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', by means of the adjustment drive can be adjusted based on position, for example, operated or operable in a position-controlled or position-adjustable manner, the adjustment device 165 or its adjustment drive 109; 109' for adjusting the first and second rollers 102; 103 relative to each other comprises one or more drive mechanisms 132 that operate or are operable in a position-controllable or position-adjustable manner, wherein, for example, a defined and / or predeterminable position can be adopted by itself or by corresponding control or regulation.

[0185] In the particularly advantageous embodiment shown here, the drive mechanism 132, which is operated or operable in a position-controllable or adjustable manner, of the adjustment drive 109, which is adjustable based on the stroke or based on the position, is formed by a position-controlled drive, for example a drive controlling a rotor or, in particular, a piston 167, which is controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or controllable by means of a control or regulating variable, and is formed by a pressure fluid, in particular a hydraulically actuated drive mechanism 132. This is particularly the case with respect to the position of the piston 167, hereinafter referred to as the piston position, and with respect to a variable determined by the gap width b104 or with respect to a variable that is correlated with and / or represents the gap width b104, which is formed as a hydraulically controlled and / or regulated actuating cylinder-piston system 132, which is formed as an adjustment drive (see, for example, Figures 25 to 28 ). In principle, this corresponds to an external value, such as the nominal gap width b104. soll The piston 167 of the cylinder-piston system 132, viewed in the actuation direction, is controlled and / or regulated in a defined manner with respect to its position by means of a setpoint or reference value, or another variable related to and / or representing it, such as the piston position itself. In particular, in a position resulting from a change, such as in the working area, a new change is intentionally brought about on the input side, for example, by prescribing a new setpoint, regardless of the force, such as a change in the piston's direction of movement. While the piston 167 is controllable or regulated with respect to its absolute position, it must at least be positionable in a defined manner by means of an associated control and / or regulating mechanism 156 and be able to be held in this position by means of appropriate control or regulation. The cylinder-piston system 132 is particularly designed to be double-acting, i.e., the piston 167 can be acted upon by pressure fluid from both sides.

[0186] The value associated with and / or representing the gap width b104 can in principle be any measured value that describes the size of the adjustment movement, the change in the orientation of the measuring part or the distance that changes during the adjustment, such as the piston position, the roller-fixed measuring part or the distance between moving points in the transmission system.

[0187] In particular, the adjustment drive 109 thus includes a path- or position-based positioning of the gap 104 as an adjustment drive, i.e. as a drive mechanism 132, the hydraulic cylinder-piston system 132 can be operated or operable, in particular controlled or adjusted, via the adjustment drive formed by the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* relative to a rated or command value formed by the gap width b104 or a value related to and / or representing the gap width b104.

[0188] Here, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated relative to a setpoint or reference value relative to the piston position, can in principle be controlled or controllable to a predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or a value representing the gap width b104 as the setpoint gap width b104. soll Control chain S b as a component of or as a reference to the nominal gap width b104 soll The regulation loop R b The predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or the dimension representing the gap width b104 is to be adjusted or set to the set gap width b104. soll (See, for example, Figures 26 to 29 ).

[0189] The adjusting mechanism 164; 164* is preferably an adjusting member together with the cylinder-piston system 132 used as an actuator, together with the sensor device 157 for detecting the gap width b104 or a value related to the gap width b104 and / or representing the gap width b104, together with the adjusting mechanism 164; 164* and the control device 171, for example, the regulator 171 for short, which is a regulating loop R bThe controller 171 is a component of the cylinder-piston system 132, which can adjust the gap width b104 as a reference value to achieve and maintain the desired width b104. The drive, comprising the cylinder-piston system 132, the adjusting mechanism 164; 164*, and the controller 171, collectively forms, for example, a position- or position-regulating, or controllable hydraulic drive, particularly a servo-hydraulic adjusting drive or drive. The term "control device 171" or "controller 171" is used herein to include, in addition to the controller circuit or logic itself, any power supplies, amplifier stages, etc. that may be required for this purpose. The adjusting mechanism 164; 164*, together with the control device 171 acting thereon, can be summarized as one of the adjusting devices 156. For example, the adjusting device 156 itself can be shown in a partially simplified manner in the figure.

[0190] In the case of control, for example via a control chain S b It is possible for the control mechanism of the drive mechanism 132 to give a defined piston position, or a defined change in an assumed piston position, for example by providing an integrated position sensor in the cylinder-piston system 132 itself, by means of which the control chain S can be realized. b Provided in advance.

[0191] In the case of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controllable or adjustable with respect to the piston position towards another external dimension, such as the gap width b104, the layer thickness d003 or the grammage FG, the cylinder-piston system is integrated into a corresponding control chain S b ; S F ; S d ; S” d or a corresponding control loop R with a corresponding external sensor or external measuring system b ;R d ; R" d ; R F Then, for example, the specified nominal gap width b104 soll Or the piston position via a control chain S related to the external dimensions b ; S F ; S d ; S” d Or regulation loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R F Change accordingly.

[0192] The drive mechanism 132 that is operated or operable in a position-controlled or controllable manner regardless of the nominal gap width b104 sollWhether or not the quantity related thereto and / or indicating the quantity thereof is used as a setpoint or reference quantity for positioning the piston 167 is preferably formed by the above-described hydraulically operated or operable cylinder-piston system 132 of at least one cylinder 166, wherein a piston 167 movable in the cylinder 166 fluidically separates at least two chambers 168, 169 from one another. The piston 167 acts on a piston rod 142 which is guided out of the cylinder 166 at the end via suitable seals and can be designed as a single piece or extended in a tensile and compressive manner by one or more draw rods and / or push rods.

[0193] In this preferred embodiment, the piston position is controlled and / or regulated by the above-mentioned setpoint or reference value of the hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132, in particular the cylinder-piston system 132, regardless of the setpoint gap width b104. soll The gap width b104 of the form still represents the gap width b104 soll The gap width b104 in the form of a pressure medium line 158; 159 or a value representing the gap width b104 and / or a value related to the gap width and / or a value representing the gap width are used as a setpoint or reference value for positioning the piston 167, the chambers 168; 169 separated from each other by the piston 169 are metered and / or selectively loaded with more or less pressure fluid to a defined extent by the adjusting device 164; 164* via the pressure medium line 158; 159, in particular, so that the position or attitude of the piston depends on the inflow and outflow in a defined manner in the cylinder body into the chamber 168; 169. The piston rod 142 protruding from the cylinder 166 or its possibly extended active end protrudes, wherein the cylinder 166 is, for example, arranged indirectly or directly on the roller 102 forming the first gap 104; 103, for example, the first roller 102, and the piston rod 142 - possibly via an extension - indirectly or directly engages the other roller 103; 102 of the adjacent pair of rollers 102, 103, for example, the second roller 103, or vice versa. This is due to the effective length of the drive mechanism 132, in particular the cylinder-piston system 132, or the change in the effective length due to the change in the position of the piston 167 in the cylinder 166, and therefore to the change in the distance between the engagement points of the drive mechanism 132 or the adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 132 on the two rollers 102; 103 or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0194] The corresponding chamber 168; 169 can optionally be loaded with additional pressure fluid via the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* when necessary, that is, when adjustment is required, and the other chamber 169; 168 removes the pressure medium, in particular the pressure fluid, or discharges it by squeezing according to the volume to be released.

[0195] In an advantageous first embodiment (see, for example, Figure 26 and Figure 27 ), the adjustment mechanism 164 used as an adjustment member can be composed of an adjustable or switchable valve 164, in particular a multi-way valve 164, for example a reversing valve 164 for short, through which, according to the selected switching state s0; s1; s2; s3, in the first switching state s1, for example the holding state s1, no chamber 168; 169 is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the second switching state s2, for example the first passage state s2, one chamber is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the third switching state s3, for example the second passage state s3, another chamber 168; 169 is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, and preferably at the same time the other chamber 169; 168 is or can be correspondingly relieved of load or can be relieved of load by discharging into the reservoir R. Preferably, a pressure fluid source P, such as a pressure medium container containing the pressure fluid, can be resupplied with hydraulic working fluid, such as hydraulic oil, under overpressure, from a reservoir R, for example, at ambient pressure or at least at a pressure level lower than the working pressure in cylinder 166, via a corresponding pump or compressor. The first or holding switching state s1, which involves maintaining the achieved state, should also include embodiments in which a flow, particularly a small and / or possibly adjustable flow, is achieved in both chambers 168; 169 to compensate for any losses caused by leakage and thus maintain the assumed piston position and / or existing pressure despite the leakage. In this regard, in holding switching state s1, both chambers 168; 169 are not in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P at all, or may be in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P, particularly to a small or throttled degree. Since the purpose of holding state s1 is to achieve equilibrium between the two chambers 168; 169 without the piston 167 moving to one side or the other, this state can also be referred to as an equilibrium state. Specifically, in the holding state s1, there is no or no significant pressure difference between the chambers 168; 169, so that the piston 167 is stationary in the assumed position.

[0196] In the second or third switching state s2; s3, the position of the piston 167 and therefore the active end connected to the piston 167 can be changed to a defined extent in the cylinder 166 by the targeted and / or metered supply of pressurized fluid into one of the chambers 168; 169, in particular by simultaneously removing pressurized fluid from the other chamber 169; 168. The cylinder - the active component of the piston system 132 - is operatively connected, for example, to the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, so that the distance, when viewed in the adjustment direction, can be changed in a defined manner.

[0197] In the case preferred here and as described above, the adjustment device 141 acting on or between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their active ends is metered into the chamber 169 located on the side of the piston rod 142, the active length of the cylinder-piston system 132 is shortened, and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are brought toward each other by traction, for example when metering into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, the active length is increased and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are brought toward each other by traction, for example when metering into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, the active length is increased and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are separated and closed from each other by pushing force.

[0198] In the case not shown here, in which the adjustment device for position- or path-based adjustment is designed and arranged so that adjustment occurs or can be achieved by pressing one roller in the direction of the other roller, conversely, when the metered quantity enters the chamber 169 located on one side of the piston rod 142, one roller will separate from the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one will separate from the other roller. The sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are positioned away from each other by traction, and, for example, when the metered quantity enters the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, one roller is adjusted in the direction of the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one is adjusted in the direction of the other sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0199] For example, Figure 27As shown, the directional control valve 164, for example, as a 4 / 4-way valve 164, additionally has a fourth switching state s4, i.e., a switching state s4 in which the two chambers 168, 169 are connected to the reservoir R via a return line and are thus switched to a reduced pressure state, for example. The directional control valve 164 is preferably designed so that the fourth switching state s4 also represents the basic switching state s4, to which the directional control valve 164 returns when the adjustment drive 176 is inoperative. In this fourth switching state s4, a throttling device is merely symbolically indicated, for example, to provide a so-called line choke. This means that when the cylinder-piston system 132 is depressurized, for example, at the end of operation, a sudden load release is avoided.

[0200] Independently of this or advantageously in addition to the above, in an advantageous embodiment, the directional or multi-way valve 164 is not only binary switchable in at least one of its active switching states, allowing or blocking flow, but can also be binary switched for at least one, preferably two, passage states s2, s3, in the form of a proportional valve 164, particularly a proportional reversing valve 164. In the respective switching states s2, s3, the fluid flows through the proportional reversing valve 164 relative to the proportional valve 164. The flow rate and / or the fluid pressure applied to the output side can be controlled or regulated. In this advantageous embodiment, in the above-described case, the reversing valve 164 is preferably a proportional reversing valve 164. The fourth switching state s4, for example, as a 4 / 4 proportional directional valve 164, can be adjusted in addition to the one described above by the valve, particularly by the adjustment drive 176. The holding state S1, the second switching state s2, particularly the first passage state s2 with a variable flow rate and / or output pressure, and / or the third switching state S3, particularly the second passage state s3 with a variable flow rate and / or output pressure, can be adjusted.

[0201] Regardless of the design, the reversing valve 164 or its adjustment drive 176 is a reversing valve 164 having only a binary passage state s2; s3 or a reversing valve 164 having at least one degree, preferably two degrees of opening, such as flow and / or output pressure, a variable passage state s2; s3 or a passage state s2; s3 that can be adjusted by the adjustment drive 176, which can be formed, for example, by a motor or preferably by a controllable electromagnet 176. The reversing valve 164 is preferably used as a regulating loop R mentioned below through the controller 171. b ; R d ;R” d ; R F The component is controlled or controllable, or, if necessary, in the case of a path- or position-based adjustment of the gap 104 in question, can be controlled by a correspondingly arranged control device and an internal control loop dependent on the piston position via the relationship between the piston position and the gap width b104.

[0202] Independently of the specific embodiment of the upper valve 164 , the cylinder-piston system 132 together with the directional valve 164 and the control unit 171 acting on the directional valve 164 forms, for example, a so-called servo-hydraulic actuating drive 132 , 164 .

[0203] In order to provide and maintain a specific gap width b104 when pressing powder 004; 004 into film 007, an overpressure of, for example, at least 100 bar, preferably at least 150 bar, and in particular at least 200 bar, where 1 bar = 100 kPa, is provided by a compressed air source P pressure fluid. This also applies to the drive mechanism 133 of the first embodiment, which is designed as a cylinder-piston system 133 and operates against a stop mechanism 119. For path-based positioning, this ensures that, for example, the gap width b104 remains constant despite the large amount of material that may be pressed into the film-forming gap 104; for force-based control, this ensures that high compaction and / or strong pressing with the carrier substrate 006 is possible in the application gap 107.

[0204] In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 164* (see for example Figure 28 ), which is designed as a pump 164*, driven by a motor, in particular a servo motor, in particular a reversible pump, and can be adjusted and / or regulated, in particular with respect to a defined, in particular volume-dependent, delivery rate, by which pressurized fluid is delivered to or from one or the other chamber 168; 169. Depending on the design of the cylinder-piston system 132, additional elements such as an expansion tank and / or valves can be provided. The cylinder-piston system 132 includes the servo-motor-driven pump 164* and possibly other components, such as a controller 171 acting on the pump 164*, such as so-called servo-hydraulic actuators 132, 164*.

[0205] For example, in the case of a hydraulic drive 132 for adjusting the gap width b104, the adjusting mechanism 164 is loaded directly on the input side with a load representing the desired gap width b104. soll corresponding control commands.

[0206] For all embodiments with a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 actable by a pressure medium, in particular a pressure fluid, an emergency shut-off is advantageously provided, in particular to maintain high pressure and prevent excessive contact forces. A pressure sensor 177 detects when one or the first roller is in contact with the adjacent or second roller 103; 103'; 102; 102'. The pressure sensor 177 detects when the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 is provided with a line path for supplying the pressure fluid, and a switching logic implemented in the control device and connected to the signal of the pressure sensor 177 is implemented. When the line feeds one roller to the adjacent roller, the pressure in the line path rises above a threshold value. For example, when using the aforementioned device, the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 is depressurized. For example, when using the aforementioned device, the reversing valve 164 is switched to the depressurizing switching state s4 or to an operating mode that results in a shutdown. The reversing valve 164 is switched to the closed switching state s2. The pressure sensor 177 can be arranged in the line connection 159 or, as shown, in the valve internal outlet-side line path. The switching logic can be integrated into the control device 171 that controls the reversing valve 164, for example as a circuit or as a software routine.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment of the hydraulically operated drive 132 for adjusting the gap width b104, the adjusting mechanism 164 or the adjusting drive 176 for adjusting the adjusting mechanism 164 (regardless of whether it is designed as a reversing valve 164 or a pump 164) is supplied with an adjustment command from the controller 171 on the input side, and the controller compares the gap width b104 determined by the sensor device 157 with the required or specified gap width b104. soll , for example, rated gap width b104 soll Compare and, based on the deviation, send corresponding adjustment commands to the adjustment mechanism 164 or its adjustment drive device to increase or decrease the gap width b104 soll For the gap width b104 to be compared; b104 soll , should also be the corresponding gap width b104; b104 should include representative values.

[0208] The controller 171 receives the determined gap width b104 indirectly or directly from the sensor device 157, which optionally provides a measured value of the gap width b104 or gap width 104 via an evaluation device 161 specifically provided for the sensor device 157 used. The preferred sensor device 157 used here comprises two sensors 157.1; 157.2, for example capacitive sensors 157.1; 157.2, which are directed onto the shortest distance line between the two rollers 102; 103 on the cylindrical roller surface of one of the two rollers 102; 103 or onto a rotationally symmetrical rotating cylindrical measuring surface, such as a so-called measuring ring, on one of the respective rollers 102, 103 about its rotation axis R102; R103. Sensors 157.1; 157.2 each output a distance or a quantity representing the distance as a measured value, the sum of which is related to one of the calibration measurements, for example a gap width of zero or a smaller calibration thickness, and a determined reference value, for example, after corresponding evaluation in the evaluation device 161, provides the actual gap width b104 or a dimensional value representing it.

[0209] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one such hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132 is located directly or indirectly between the first and second rollers 102 , 103 on each frame side, but preferably there are two or, if necessary, even more such drive mechanisms 132 on each frame side.

[0210] For adjusting the individual movable rollers 102, 103, 102', 103', 106 or for the multiple sub-frames 128 of the movable sub-frames 128.1, 128.3, 128.4, a linear adjustment path is provided and / or an adjustment path with a possible adjustment range of several, for example at least 2 mm, in particular or even at least 4 mm, is provided, for example, despite the relatively small thickness of the dry film 003, 003' or the product web 002. The latter can provide a sufficiently large parking space for maintenance purposes or accidents.

[0211] Although the path- or position-dependent adjustment drive 109 is explained in conjunction with the first gap 104 which is preferably used for this purpose, what has already been explained must also apply accordingly if the second gap 107 is also to be adjusted or regulated path- or position-dependent.

[0212] Even if only unstrung reference numerals are used to describe the adjustment drive, if a second, first gap 1034 ′ is present, this should also be transferred to the corresponding adjustment drive 109 ′ having a primed reference numeral.

[0213] In principle, the design of the corresponding adjustment drive 109; 109' according to the first embodiment, which is engaged between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' of a pair of rollers with active ends, has a force-based adjustment drive 133 and a stop mechanism 119, and in a second embodiment, i.e., has one or more hydraulically operated drive mechanisms 132, which are controlled and / or adjusted relative to the piston position, is applied to the arrangement of the rollers 102, 103; 102; 103' in the one-piece frame 128 and / or is respectively engaged and adjustably supported on the side walls of the one-piece or multi-sub-frame 128 and supports the roller 102 to be placed using bearings or bearing blocks. For example, the roller 102 to be placed, 103, 106, 102', 103' can be rotatably accommodated with its roller journals on both sides in a bearing or a bearing block which is supported linearly movably along the adjustment direction on the frame 128, a frame component or a chassis.

[0214] However, this arrangement of the adjustment drive 109; 109' is preferably also combined with a multi-sub-frame 128 of multiple sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in a second embodiment of the adjustment drive in combination with one of the above, the above being used to design the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and / or to configure a single or double application unit and / or one of the pivoting rollers 102, 103, in particular the first roller 102, and / or to engage in plane G and / or form a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' for the second roller gap 107, after which the second gap 107 is adjusted between the roller 103'; 107 serving as the pressing roller 103'; 107 and the first roller 102 or other rollers in between. Preferably, in the manner of the first embodiment described above, the force-based or combined adjustment drive 111 has at least one drive mechanism 133, which can operate or be operated based on force, in particular can operate or be operated in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, for example, the drive mechanism 133 is provided with one or preferably multiple cylinder-piston systems 133 and, if necessary, an adjustable stop 119.

[0215] In a preferred embodiment, at least one drive mechanism 132 or an adjustment device 165 comprising a drive mechanism 132 engages with its two active sides or active ends the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, specifically in such a way that, in order to adjust the gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', adjustment forces acting towards each other are applied to these or their sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., on the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which brings the above-mentioned advantage that the force generated by the position-based regulation acts only on the relevant first roller gap 104; 104' and not additionally on the second gap 104; 104', as might happen, for example, when the outer roller 102; 102' is subjected to a force from the outside. In the solution proposed here, the corresponding drive mechanism 132 or the adjustment device 165 including the drive mechanism 132 is each indirectly or directly connected to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one of its sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with one active end and indirectly or directly connected to the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or its sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with the other active end, thereby determining the relative position and / or the contact force applied between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0216] The principle of an adjustment device 141, in particular a pulling device 141, engaged between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', for example in the form of a clamping device 141, by which the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be brought closer to one another or loaded with a force towards one another for contact or adjustment closeness in an adjustment direction, in particular a pulling force acting indirectly or directly between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular for the first and second embodiments of the adjustment drive 141; 165 or the drive mechanism 132, 133, is of course to be understood or applied to solutions in which the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that are movable towards one another are not located indirectly on a relatively movable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, but rather on the frame 128, subframe, or subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. For example, at least one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' drawn toward each other can be supported in the adjustment direction in or on the relevant frame 128, subframe, or subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. The adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can advantageously be supported in linear bearings so that they can be moved in the adjustment direction.

[0217] Alternatively, a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position can be used as a control chain S with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a variable representing the layer thickness d003. d The components of the substrate are controlled, for example by connecting a control loop R with a sensor element 172 arranged in the substrate path for determining the layer thickness d003 d , but is regulated with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a value representing the layer thickness d003 (see, for example, Figure 30 and Figure 31 Such a sensor element 172 for determining the layer thickness d003 can be, for example, at least one sensor 172.1 operating, for example, capacitively or inductively, preferably in a combination of inductively and capacitively, and / or for determining, for example, a circumferential region of the second roller or of a roller arranged between the second roller and the closing roller 103; 103'; 106 and / or directed towards the relevant roller 103 between which the dry film 003 is formed or received and discharged. This can be done, for example, at Figure 30 As shown in the example in FIG, the measured layer thickness d003 is directly input into the control device 156 and is based on the setpoint thickness d003 sollThe comparison between the measured layer thickness d003 and the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 can be changed via the adjustment mechanism 164 in the event of deviations. Alternatively, it can be, for example, Figure 31 As shown in the example, the external control loop R" d The measured layer thickness d003 in the first place is compared by the controller 174 with the nominal thickness d003 soll The comparison is performed and in the event of deviations, for example based on defined relationships, a setpoint gap width b104 is first generated. soll The change value is fed into and / or used as the above-mentioned control loop R b The basis for adjusting the gap width b104 as the internal control loop R b To achieve the new nominal gap width b104 soll .

[0218] For example, in the cylinder 166 of the cylinder-piston system 132, in a first operating state of the piston 166, the first position and the resulting gap 104 occupy a first gap width b104, viewed in the direction of movement, by adjusting and maintaining first volumes loaded with pressurized fluid and corresponding to each other for the two chambers 168; 169 of the cylinder-piston system 132 with the aid of an adjusting mechanism 164; 164*, and in a second operating state of the device, the piston 166 occupies a second position different from the first position, viewed in the direction of movement, in the cylinder 166, and the gap 104 occupies a second gap width b104 different from the first gap width b104, by adjusting and maintaining a second volume different from the first volume for the two chambers 168; 169 through the adjusting mechanism 164; 164*.

[0219] In a further alternative to the control or regulation of the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is adjusted and / or regulated with respect to the piston position, this can be achieved by integrating into the control loop R the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 which can be controlled and / or regulated with respect to the aforementioned piston position at a setpoint or reference value, at a predetermined or predeterminable grammage FG or a value representing the grammage FG. FG 413.1; 413.2, for determining the gram weight FG relative to a predetermined or predeterminable gram weight FG or a value representing the gram weight FG (see for example Figure 33 The same applies to the embodiment of the adjustment drive 109; 109' with the stop mechanism 119 and the drive mechanism 155. For the embodiment with or without the underlying internal control loop R for controlling the gap width b104 bThe above also applies to this embodiment. And must be applied accordingly, in particular in the following way: As described above, the measured weight FG or the corresponding value is in the external control loop R FG The controller 175 first compares the predetermined weight FG or the predetermined value and, if a deviation occurs, first generates a predetermined gap width b104 for example by means of a defined relationship. soll The changed value of the gap width b104 is fed to and / or controlled by a corresponding control or the control loop R described above for adjusting the gap width b104. b , as a means of achieving the new nominal gap width b104 soll The internal regulation loop R b .

[0220] For example, in a first operating state of the machine, in which the grammage FG or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permissible range, there is a first gap width b104, and in a second operating state, in which, after the change achieved by the control and / or regulating device 156 with the aid of the drive mechanism 132; 155, there is a second gap width b104 different from the first gap width b104, the grammage FG or its value FD soll Equivalent to the rated value or at least within the permissible range.

[0221] Even though in the above text and in the related figures, an embodiment of the hydraulically actuated drive mechanism 132 is only specifically presented and illustrated for a pair of first and second rollers 102; 103 in combination with rollers 103'; 107 acting as pressing rollers 103'; 107, this of course also applies correspondingly to the second pair of first and second rollers 102'; 103' in the case of a double application unit 101; 101'.

[0222] The above control chain S b ; S d ; S” d ; S F Or regulation loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R F 109 'of the first embodiment, provided that: the relevant control chain S b ; S d ; S” d ; S F or the related regulation loop R b ; R d ;R” d ; R FInstead of acting on the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or adjusted with respect to the piston position, the adjusting element 146, in particular the adjusting motor 155 comprised by the adjusting element 146, is acted on for adjusting the stop mechanism 119, in particular the stop 119. These variants are Figures 29 to 31 and Figure 33 The corresponding drive mechanism 155 or the adjusting element 146 including the drive mechanism 155 is identified by the reference numeral 155 given in brackets.

[0223] In a preferred embodiment, for all combined sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 of the application unit workpiece 101; 101' or the double application unit workpiece 101; 101' and for all designs with single-part or multiple sub-frames designed in any other way, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged in the double application unit 101; 101'; 101; 101' are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position so that the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of these rollers intersect with the same connecting straight line, which extends in particular horizontally here, in at least one radial directrix along the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R106. In the case of one or more inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 102, 103'; 106; 106', this connecting straight line coincides, for example, with the corresponding pivot axis S. In the case of rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' without inclination, the axes of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously arranged parallel to each other, for example as explained in the embodiment variants described above, and even lie in the same plane, which in particular extends horizontally here.

[0224] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, at least the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' and / or the bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' surrounded thereby are preferably designed to form, depending on the operating situation, a gap width of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm at the narrowest point and / or to form, in particular at least within the limits defined by the maximum adjustment path, a product strip 002; 002' to be formed between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' and / or by means of the at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112' and / or the at least one adjustment drive 109; The press force or linear force caused by the rollers 109' is adjusted to adjust the gap width and / or the linear force of at least 500 N / mm, preferably at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, is adjusted and / or applied between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107', at least in the region of the width thereof that contributes to film formation and / or application, and / or the desired linear force is kept constant even if the dry film thickness fluctuates, for example, by autonomous or controlled tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 106; 103'. Autonomous tracking, in contrast to tracking controlled by a control circuit, is performed, for example, by a drive mechanism that is preferably force-adjustable, in particular force-controllable or force-adjustable, or the force it exerts itself, without subsequent control by an additional control circuit.

[0225] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, in a particularly advantageous development, a suction outlet 123; 123' is provided above the respective application unit 101; 101' or the plurality of application units 101; 101', through which escaping gases or generated vapors can be sucked off, if necessary.

[0226] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned application unit 101; 101' are preferably designed with a width that can be used for film formation and / or application in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0227] In principle, independently of, but particularly advantageously in combination with, one of the designs, variants, constructions, embodiments or improvements of the coating device 100; 100* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, it is quite advantageous to have a subsequent method for forming a dry film, in particular for subsequent application to a carrier substrate 006 in, for example, the above-mentioned application unit 101; 101, in particular in combination with the above-mentioned multi-part design and / or design of the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0228] As described above, in order to form or produce a dry film 003; 003' from, for example, the above-mentioned powdery material 004 using a first roller 102; 102' and a second roller 103; 103' forming a roller gap 104; 104' between its shell surface and the first roller 102; 102', the powdery material 004; 004' is supplied to the roller gap 104; 104' via the area of ​​the pointed corner above the roller gap 104; 104' and is fed through the roller gap 104; 104' so that when passing through the roller gap 104; 104', a dry film 003; 003' is formed, which is further fed on the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103'. In this case, the first roller 102; 102' can be driven or can be driven in the area of ​​its outer surface at a first peripheral speed V(102; 102'), and the second roller 103; 103' can be driven or can be driven in the area of ​​its outer surface at a second peripheral speed V103; 103'. The grammage FG of the dry film 003; 003' formed by the roller gap 104; 104', i.e. the mass per unit area of ​​the dry film 003; 003' (e.g. in milligrams per square centimeter (mg / cm2)) is 2 ) is varied by intentionally causing a change in the ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') between the circumferential speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102' in its shell area and the circumferential speed V(103; 103') of the second roller 103; 103' in its shell area, i.e., for example, intentionally adjusting it.

[0229] The ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') varies, for example, in the range of 1:3 to 1:6, advantageously at least in the range of 1:4 to 1:5. A change in the ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') can be achieved by changing the differential speed, and vice versa, so that the above-mentioned change in the ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') can also be regarded as a change in the differential speed, and vice versa.

[0230] It is particularly advantageous if a control loop, for example a so-called closed loop, is provided, wherein during operation the weight FG or the measured value representing the weight FG is adjusted to the setpoint value FG by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the measured value representing the weight FG. soll or a value within the permitted range (see for example Figure 32 ).

[0231] The variation of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') is advantageously performed at a fixed but adjustable gap width b104. The gap width can be adjustable in size, for example, based on position and / or with respect to the aforementioned magnitudes.

[0232] Preferably, the change in the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') is preferably achieved by changing the peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102', while the second roller 103; 103' continues to run, for example, at the current, in particular fixed, machine speed.

[0233] The change in the circumferential speed V(102; 102′) of the first roller 102; 102 is achieved, for example, by applying a control signal that causes a change in the relative speed to a rotary drive for controlling and / or regulating the first roller 102, in particular a control and / or regulating device 173 of the drive mechanism. In the preferred case where the first roller 102 is driven by a single motor, the control element is, for example, the control and / or regulating device 173 that controls and / or regulates the drive motor 147, and the reference variable is, for example, the value of the change in the transmission factor. In the case where the drive of the first roller 102 is mechanically coupled via a transmission, the control and / or regulating device 173 can be formed by a control drive of a transmission stage with an adjustable speed ratio, and the control signal is, for example, a control signal that adjusts the transmission ratio.

[0234] The change occurs, for example, along a linearly decreasing relationship between, on the one hand, the circumferential speed V (103) between the second and first rollers (103; 102); the difference of V (102), for example expressed as a percentage, in relation to the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller 103, or the magnitude of this difference, and, on the other hand, the grammage FG or a quantity representing the grammage FG. For example, at least within the applied adjustment range (for example, an adjustment range between 70% and 85% of the differential speed), a particularly negative slope, for example, within the range of 1% of the differential, results in a value of 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm². 2 , especially 1.1 to 1.3 mg / cm 2 Weight changes within the range.

[0235] The value of the current grammage can be determined by measuring the dry film 003; 003' not yet applied at a location after the roller nip 104; 104' in the transport path of the dry film 003; 003', for example, on the second roller 103; 103', or by measuring the dry film 003; 003' already applied to the carrier substrate 006, for example, on the product strip 002. This can be done, for example, in combination with or in conjunction with the above-mentioned density measurement method, wherein a value for the grammage is also determined, or preferably by, for example, the measuring device 413 or sensor devices 413.1, 413.2 mentioned below, preferably by ultrasound-based measurement, which determines the value of the grammage FG, for example, by comparison with the results from one or more reference measurements.

[0236] By means of such a process, small fluctuations in grammage can be corrected without the need for oscillating rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106 or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0237] This method is accordingly suitable for adjusting or regulating the volume-dependent density by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V ( 102 ; 102 ′; 103 ; 103 ′).

[0238] The drive or drive motor 148 of the first roller together with the control and / or regulating device 173 and the measuring device 413 or sensor elements 413 . 1 , 413 . 2 form a control loop R′. FG , for adjusting the relationship between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the grammage FG determined in particular online (see for example Figure 34 ).

[0239] For example, in a first operating state of the machine, in which the grammage FG or its magnitude deviates from a nominal value or exceeds an admissible range, there is a first ratio of the circumferential speed V(102) of the first roller 102; 102' to the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller 103, and in a second operating state, in which, after a change by the control and / or regulating device 156 with the aid of the control and / or regulating mechanism 173, a second ratio different from the first ratio exists for the circumferential speeds V(102), V(103), the grammage FG or its magnitude FD soll Equivalent to the rated value or at least within the permissible range.

[0240] In an alternative to regulating the relationship between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') in the manner described as a function of the determined grammage FG, the layer thickness d003 determined by the aforementioned sensor element 172 can also be used on the input side instead of the determined grammage. In this case, the drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller 102, together with the control and / or regulating device 173 for determining the layer thickness d003 and the sensor element 172, forms a control loop R' d , for adjusting the relationship between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the layer thickness d003 of the dry film 003 formed, which is determined in particular online (see for example Figure 32 ).

[0241] In targeting Figures 29 to 34 In the above embodiment, although it is schematically shown for a one-sided arrangement, for the advantageous case of a double application unit 101, 101' (indicated by reference numeral 103' in each case), the control chain S described therein and presented in connection therewith is b ; S F ; S d ; S” d Or regulation loop R b ; R d ; R' d ;R” d ; R FG ; R FG The components described here can also be used on the other side and supplemented accordingly.

[0242] A machine for producing multi-layer products, in particular in an in-line process (see for example Figure 3 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 15 、 Figure 16 or Figure 17 ), which has the above-mentioned dry film 003; 003' formed by the powder mixture on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006, preferably includes: a substrate conveying part 200, through which the carrier material 006 can be conveyed to the machine on the input side; a first substrate path segment 300, through which the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to the application stage 100; 100*, for applying the dry film 003; 003' on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path segment 400, through which the carrier substrate 006 provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to the product receiving part 500, through which the products can be gathered into a product aggregate, such as a roll or a stack.

[0243] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application phase 100; 100* is implemented in the above-described embodiments, designs, configurations, implementations or variants of the above-described apparatus 100; 100*. Figure 3 The application phase 100 shown as an example in FIG. 1 may employ all embodiments, improvements, configurations, embodiments or variants of the first group of embodiments and may replace the application phase 100 shown as an example in FIG. Figure 10 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 The application phase 100* shown in FIG. 1 employs all embodiments of the second group. Figure 15 and Figure 16 101 'In the embodiment shown in, as a variant can also be used for the application stage 100 of the first group of embodiments, designs, configurations, embodiments or variations, ie having a separate application device 101; 101 '

[0244] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate transport 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, in particular a reel changer 200, preferably a reel changer 200 comprising a plurality of roller positions and / or suitable for uninterrupted reel changing. Advantageously, this can be a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, in particular a traction roller 202 and also referred to below as a substrate guide element 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203, for example in the form of a pull rod, also referred to below as a substrate guide element 203, in the form of an oscillating roller 203, for example, which is elastically biased or force-deflected transversely to the substrate path on a rod or guide.

[0245] The carrier substrate web 006 is unwound on a substrate unwinder 200 and, in the unwound position, is conveyed on the input side to a substrate path leading through the machine.

[0246] In the case of a pulling roller 202 which is included in the substrate unwinder and is, for example, structurally assigned thereto (see, for example, Figure 3 or Figure 10 ), the traction roller can be comprised by a traction mechanism 207, in particular a draw-in mechanism 207, which, for example, includes, in addition to the traction roller 202, a drive mechanism, in particular a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo motor, which is driven independently of the other traction rollers and can be regulated and / or controlled in terms of speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be brought into contact with the traction roller 202 to adjust an increased friction force. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 202, the roller 202 or the drive mechanism can also be operated or can be operated in a generator-like manner or to inhibit the advancement of the carrier substrate web 006, in order to establish or maintain a certain and / or desired web tension, for example, in the following substrate path segment 300, which extends, for example, up to the next clamping or web drawing point, or in a portion of the substrate path segment 300 formed by the subsequent substrate path segment.

[0247] For example, a substrate guide or guide element 208; 307 can be constructed in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, for example a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (as an example of all embodiments, for example in Figure 16 ) via the measuring roller, for example, the web tension or at least a variable representing the web tension is measured so that it can be used, for example, to adjust the web tension, for example via the transport speed of the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, which are in particular motor-driven and are also referred to below as substrate guiding elements 202.

[0248] The substrate transport device 200 designed as a roll changer 200 advantageously comprises a roller drive which is mechanically independent from the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or lifting device to assist the roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0249] In an advantageous embodiment, also in the substrate path section of the substrate transport section 200 and / or in the subsequent first substrate path 300, a device 204 for cross-web edge control can be provided (as an example for all embodiments, for example in Figure 15 ) in particular a sensor element for detecting the edge of the web, and an adjustment element for achieving a lateral shift of the supporting substrate, for example, which can be arranged around a direction perpendicular to the transport direction T S In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge controller 204 is combined with a gluing device 206 , such as a gluing station 206 .

[0250] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a spreading device, in particular a single-piece or multi-piece web guiding element with a convex shell surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate transport device 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300 .

[0251] In an advantageous development, a single-piece or multi-piece pretreatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues and / or charge carriers, are or can be removed from the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides in a contactless or contact-free manner.

[0252] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of the cleaning provided if necessary, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular with a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 is checked with regard to its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurity content and, for example, if there are inadmissible deviations from the target specifications, optical and / or acoustic warning signals and / or error signals are transmitted to the machine controller and / or a control center.

[0253] For all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, in the web path section which corresponds structurally to the reel changer 200 and / or in the web path section following the first web path 300, a web guide element 208 can be provided; 307 as a measuring roller 307 (as an example for all embodiments as in Figure 15 and Figure 16 ), by means of which the web guide element can be used, for example, to determine the web tension so that the web tension can be adjusted, for example, by the transport speed of the web guide element, for example, through the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. In this case, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 can be provided, or advantageously both measuring rollers 208; 307 can be provided. In the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or adjust the web tension in the web path section before the first or only application point.

[0254] In an advantageous development, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, for example, by which adhesive and / or primer can be applied to one or both sides of the carrier material 006. In this case, a dryer (not shown), for example a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0255] In a particularly preferred embodiment, considered in principle alone, but advantageously in combination with one or more other machine embodiments, a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature control station 306, such as an infrared radiation source 306, is provided in the substrate path immediately before the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., downstream of the last substrate guide or guiding element 301; 307 associated with the carrier substrate web 006. This pretreatment station can heat the carrier material 006 to above ambient temperature, in particular to over 60° C., preferably to at least 80° C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a joining aid or enabling agent 007; 007′ applied to or applied to the carrier substrate 006. Independently of this, but advantageously in combination with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311, such as a temperature sensor 311, in particular a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, can be used to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006. The sensor 311 , for example, as a temperature sensor 311 , can be part of a control circuit for controlling the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 together with the optionally provided temperature control station 306 .

[0256] Instead of the pulling roller 202 or the pulling mechanism 207 which counts as the substrate unwinder 200, or in addition thereto if necessary, a pulling roller 308 or a pulling mechanism 309 can be arranged following the substrate unwinder 200 and / or at the location where the first or only dry film is applied, i.e., at the substrate path segment 300 leading to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. In the case where there is only one pulling roller 202; 308 or only one pulling mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding section from the roll 201 and the entrance to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such a pulling roller 202; 308 or such a pulling mechanism 207; 309 can in principle structurally correspond on the input side to the substrate path segment 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, in particular the unwinding section, and the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the first or only application location, or can also structurally correspond or be able to correspond on the input side to the application stage 100; 100*. It is important here that such a pulling roller 202; 308 or such a pulling mechanism 207; 309 is arranged in the web path before the first application point, i.e., the first or only laminating nip 107; 107', in order to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in the subsequent web path section or in the portion of a partial web path section formed by the subsequent web path section. In this case, corresponding to the pulling mechanism 207 already described above, the pulling mechanism, in addition to the pulling roller 308, has, for example, a drive mechanism, for example in the form of a servo motor, which drives the pulling roller 308, in particular independently of the other pulling rollers and in which the speed can be regulated and / or controlled, and / or a pressure roller which can be directed towards the pulling roller 308 to increase the friction. Here, the roller 308 or the drive mechanism can also be operated or can be operated in the manner of a generator or to suppress the advancement of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 308, in order to establish or maintain a determined and / or desired web tension, for example in a subsequent substrate path segment and, for example, extending to the next clamping or web drawing point or in a part of the substrate path segment formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0257] In an advantageous embodiment, the aforementioned calendering unit 600 or a calendering unit 600 having two rollers 601; 602 forming a gap, such as a calendering gap, between them, is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path immediately following the application stage 100; 100*. This has the advantage, for example, that if the desired density is not achieved during the dry film application, a final product 001 having the desired density or an intermediate product 002 which only needs to be cut can still be produced in the active material layer 003; 003'.

[0258] In an alternative embodiment, already mentioned but not shown here, advantages lie, for example, in process independence and optimization, and thus in quality and / or reduced susceptibility to faults. For example, in a system or system comprising several machines, the first machine mentioned above is used for coating a carrier substrate 006, in particular the carrier substrate web 006 mentioned above, with a dry film 003; 003' formed from a powdered material 004; 004', and preferably comprises, in the substrate path, a coating device 100; 100* according to one of the advantageous embodiments described above, and a separate second machine for compacting the dry film 003; 003' by at least one calendering unit 600; 600* arranged in the substrate path of the second machine. Although these machines can in principle be arranged at different locations, they are preferably arranged, for example, in the same plant, in a system or machine arrangement for producing a multilayer product 001, for producing a multilayer product 001 having a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, in particular for producing an electrode bundle 002 or an electrode unit 001. In this case, a product strip 002, referred to herein as a primary product and not yet further compacted, is formed into a roll 501 of the primary product, for example, on the outlet side of a machine for coating in a product receiving section 500, which is particularly designed as a product winder 500, and the roll 501 is subsequently or at a later point in time fed to a second machine on the inlet side, particularly to an unwinder provided on the inlet side of the machine. The product strip 002 consisting of the primary product is unwound there, guided through a calendering unit 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and wound on the outlet side as a completely compacted product strip 001 to form a product roll 501, or is discharged after a cross-cutting operation, if necessary, provided downstream of the calendering unit 600.

[0259] Whether the above-mentioned calendering process is carried out in an online manner in the same machine in which the dry film 003; 003' is applied to the carrier substrate 006, or whether the calendering is carried out separately from the application process in another second machine having a calendering unit 600; 600*, the calendering unit 600; 600* comprises two rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, for example calendering rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, wherein, for example, at least one, preferably both, calendering rollers can be heated, in particular so that their shell surface is heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C and / or a pressure having a preferably adjustable linear force of at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, in particular at least 1000 N / mm, preferably up to at least 2000 N / mm or preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm can be applied therebetween. The product strip 002, coated on at least one side, can be passed through a calendering nip to further compact the dry film 003, 003' using pressing forces and / or temperatures above ambient temperature. The calendering rollers 601, 601*, 602, 602* can have a diameter of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm, and / or a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. For producing the aforementioned product 001, 002, it is particularly advantageous if the circular concentricity of each roller 601, 601*, 602, 602* has a maximum deviation of ±2 mm, preferably ±1 mm.

[0260] In principle, independently of one or more other implementation variants of the machine, but advantageously in combination therewith, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, where a calendering unit 600 is provided, if necessary, a cooling device 402 is provided downstream thereof, which has one or more partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, by means of which the product strip 002 guided therethrough can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0261] In principle, independently of one or more other embodiments of the machine, but advantageously in combination therewith, in an advantageous development, there is an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 in the second substrate path 400, in particular based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, for example with a sensor 403.1 pointing to one side and a sensor 403.2 pointing to the other side, by means of which the product surface is inspected for errors or defects, for example the surface and / or thickness integrity of the applied dry film 003; 003' can be checked. The inspection device 403; 403.1, 403.2 can, for example, be Figure 15As shown, it is arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendaring unit 600, or as shown, for example Figure 16 As shown, it can be arranged in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering unit 600. In the first case, errors caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, errors caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be identified early. The inspection device 403 can preferably have a camera, such as a line scan camera, as a sensor 403.1; 403.2 on each side, which can be used to photograph or optically scan the corresponding surface, and the location of the error or defect can be evaluated by a downstream evaluation device.

[0262] In principle, independently of one or more other implementation variants of the machine but advantageously in combination therewith, in particular in combination with an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 arranged in the substrate path, in an advantageous development, a device for defect marking 412 is provided, which can, for example, be a printing device, such as an inkjet print head or an insertion device, the latter being, for example, a physical marking mechanism, such as a so-called marking flag or marking label, which can be applied or arranged on the carrier substrate web 006.

[0263] For all machine embodiments, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one substrate guiding element 409 can be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, for adjusting the web tension, for example, by the relative transport speeds of the individual assemblies 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guiding element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 at least in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 that is located after the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the last or only application point, and preferably in particular in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 that is located before the calendering unit 600, in particular before the point where calendering may occur. Alternatively or additionally thereto, the substrate guide or guiding element 507 structurally assigned to the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600 .

[0264] In order to ensure an optimal flow of the substrate through the application stage 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guiding element 401 in the form of a motor-driven pulling roller 401 is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly after the application stage 100; 100*, but before the calendering unit 600, if any. This substrate guiding element can be comprised by a pulling mechanism 411, which, for example, in addition to the pulling roller 401 itself, has a drive mechanism which drives the pulling roller 401, in particular independently of the other pulling rollers and which can be regulated and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or has a pressure roller which can be brought into contact with the pulling roller 401 to increase the friction. Here, the roller 401 or the drive mechanism can in principle also be operated or operable in the form of a generator or in a manner that suppresses the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements that exist before and after the roller 401, but here serves to establish and / or maintain the web tension on the upstream substrate path section, by means of a motor, i.e. in the transport direction T S The conveying carrier substrate web 006 is or can be operated in advance relative to, for example, the speed of the stretching roller 202; 301 immediately upstream and / or the circumferential speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0265] Alternatively or additionally thereto, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406 is present in the second substrate path 400, downstream of the application stages 100, 100*, if necessary between the application stages 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment (e.g. at Figure 15 , for example, with an oscillating roller 407 which is elastically prestressed transversely to the substrate path, for example on a rod or a guide spring, or which is deflected by means of a force, by means of which fluctuations in the web tension, for example, can be compensated, and / or in particular the transport speed of a preceding or succeeding assembly or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502 can be adjusted by swinging out the oscillating roller 407.

[0266] For example, Figure 17 The machine shown in FIG. 1 , which for example does not have a calendering unit 600 arranged downstream of the application station 100 , 100 * in the substrate path, can optionally be equipped with several or all of the calendering units 600 in addition to the calendering unit 600 . Figure 15 or Figure 16The devices and / or web guiding elements 202; 203; 208; 307; 308; 401; 404; 401; 404; 409; 502; 503 are shown. Thus, for example, the aforementioned oscillating roller 203 and / or at least one aforementioned drawing roller 308 and / or at least one aforementioned web tension measuring roller 307 and / or at least one aforementioned temperature control station 306 are provided in the first web path section 300, and the aforementioned web tension measuring roller 409 and / or a cooling device 402, in particular with at least one cooling roller 402.1; 402.2, at least one aforementioned drawing roller 401 and / or at least one aforementioned inspection device 403 for detecting one or more defects and / or a measuring station 408 for determining the thickness of the product strip and / or a device 412 for marking defects and / or at least one oscillating roller 503 are provided in the second web path section 400. In addition, in the second substrate path segment 400, there is provided Figure 17 For example, a cleaning station 414 for removing loose particles and residues from the surface, which can also be provided advantageously for other embodiments, and / or in Figure 18 For example, a measuring device 413 for determining the grammage FG is provided, which can also be provided advantageously for other exemplary embodiments.

[0267] The measuring device 413 for determining the grammage FG is preferably based on an ultrasonic measuring system 413.1, 413.2 or sensor devices 413.1, 413.2. An ultrasonic transmitter 413.1 is preferably provided on a first side of the substrate path, via which the product web 002 can be exposed to ultrasonic waves. A receiver 413.2 is provided on the same side, or preferably on the other side, of the substrate path, which can detect reflected ultrasonic waves on the same side and transmitted ultrasonic waves on the other side. In both cases, a quantitative value related to and / or representing the grammage, and through appropriate calibration, the grammage value can be determined via transmission and / or reflection characteristics. In an advantageous embodiment, the sensor devices 413.1, 413.2 are designed to determine the grammage value continuously or at multiple locations across the width, i.e., transversely to the substrate web, in the width direction, for example, over a length corresponding to at least half the width of the substrate web and, for example, symmetrically relative to the center point of the substrate web. For example, a plurality of individual ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2, or extended ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 of corresponding width, are arranged adjacent to one another, for example, across a width corresponding to at least half the width of the product strip 002, viewed transversely to the conveying direction. In an advantageous refinement, deflection rollers, which are at least slightly wrapped around the product strip 002, are provided in the substrate path before and after the measuring point acted upon by the ultrasonic transmitters 413.1. To achieve defined conditions, the distance between the measuring point and the respective deflection roller in the substrate path is, for example, at most twice the strip width, preferably at most corresponding to the strip width.

[0268] As described above, the measuring device 413 or the measuring system 413.1; 413.2 included therein can serve as the aforementioned regulating loop R' for regulating the weight FG by varying the ratio of the peripheral speed V (102; 102'; 103; 103') FG or as a component of the above-mentioned regulating loop R for adjusting the grammage FG by changing the gap width FG components to provide the measured values ​​determined for the grammage.

[0269] For all the designs and variants of the machine mentioned here, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which, in the substrate path arranged after the application stage 100; 100*, in the case of a calendering unit 600; 600 arranged in the substrate path, after the only or last calendering unit 600; 600*, before being combined in the product receiving section to form the product aggregate 501, a measuring station 408 is provided for determining the thickness of the product strip, in particular the total thickness (for example, at Figure 15 、 Figure 16 and Figure 17 shown as an example for all embodiments).

[0270] Instead of or in addition to the aforementioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path segment 400, such or another cooling device 402; 504 can also be provided in the substrate path segment that counts as the product receiving section 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 can, for example, be formed by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504 that counts as the second substrate path segment 400 or structurally counts as the product receiving section 500 can also be formed by one or more temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2 that are partially wound one after the other.

[0271] In a further development, a sensor 508 can be provided, for example, downstream of the optionally provided cooling device 504, for determining the temperature of the product 002, in particular the product strip 002, in the substrate path downstream of the optionally provided calendering unit 600, but at the latest before the delivery, for example before winding in the product winder 500. The sensor 508 can be designed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, in particular as a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or can be part of a control circuit for temperature control with the optionally provided cooling device 504.

[0272] In an advantageous embodiment, the product receiving portion 500 is designed in the form of a product roll-up device 500 , in particular a roll-changer 500 .

[0273] Preferably, the product winder 500 is suitable for uninterrupted roll changing and / or includes a substrate guide or guiding element 502 and / or a substrate guide or guiding element 503 designed as one of the above-mentioned motor-driven traction rollers 502, which is in the form of an oscillating roller 503 that is elastically biased or deflected by force on a rod or guide member transversely to the substrate path.

[0274] In order to ensure optimal web flow between the optionally provided calendering unit 600 and the winding section on the product winder 500, in an advantageous embodiment, web guiding elements 401; 502 are provided in the web path 400 or in the web path section that can be considered as the product winder 500, in the form of motor-driven positively driven traction rollers 401; 502. This web guiding element can be comprised by a traction mechanism 411; 506, which, for example, in addition to the traction rollers 401; 502, has a drive mechanism, for example in the form of a servo motor, which drives the traction rollers 401; 502, in particular independently of the other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, and / or has a pressure roller that can be brought into contact with the traction rollers 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0275] In an embodiment which is particularly advantageous, in particular for stable and low-interference continuous online operation, of a machine comprising, for example, a calendering unit 600, at least one positively driven pulling roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; are provided in a first substrate path section between the position of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate unwinder 200 and the entry into the single or first laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in a second substrate path section between the position of the exit of the carrier substrate web, which is then provided with a dry film 003; 003' at least on one side, from the single or downstream last laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and, for an embodiment with a calendering unit 600; 600*, the entry into the calendering nip between two calendering rollers 601; 602. 409 for determining the web tension. In an advantageous refinement of the design with the calendering unit 600; 600*, a positively driven pulling roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 for determining the web tension is provided in a third substrate path section between the exit of the carrier substrate web 006 provided with a dry film 003; 003' on at least one side from the calendering nip and the location where the carrier substrate web 006 is wound up onto the product reel 501 in the product winder 500.

[0276] Preferably, a web tension adjustment device, not shown here, is provided, which is connected on the input side to each of the or one measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 arranged in the first and the or one arranged in the second substrate path section, and on the output side to a drive controller of each of the or one control roller drives of the or one traction roller 202; 308; 401 arranged in the first and the or one arranged in the second substrate path section, and the web tension adjustment device in particular has a data processing and / or electronic switching mechanism, which is configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension in each of the two substrate path extensions and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path extensions by appropriate control of the drives of one or more traction rollers 202; 308; 401. In an improved solution, the web tension adjustment device can also be connected on the input side to the measuring roller 409; 507 arranged in the above-mentioned third substrate path section, and on the output side to the drive controller of the control-related traction roller 502 arranged in the above-mentioned third substrate path section, and can, for example, also be adjusted with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference with the substrate path section arranged upstream.

[0277] Quite generally, in particular for embodiments of the machine without a calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the contents described above regarding the stretching rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, the signal connections and the web tension adjustment device can be transferred or used for embodiments having at least one measuring roller and / or at least one pulling roller 208; 307; 202; 308 in the first substrate path between the unwind section and the first application point through the application stage 100; 100* and at least one pulling roller 409; 507; 401; 502 in the substrate path section between the only or last point of exit from the dry film application through the application stage 100; 100* and between the winding section in the winder 500.

[0278] By means of the aforementioned oscillating roller 203; 407; 503 and a control circuit comprising the oscillating roller and, for example, integrated into the aforementioned web tension control device, fluctuations in web tension can be compensated or controlled, and / or the conveying speed of the upstream or downstream assembly 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, for example the drive of the upstream substrate unwinder 200 or the downstream substrate rewinder 500 or the upstream or downstream take-off roller 202; 308; 401; 502, in particular by pivoting the oscillating roller 407, can be adjusted. The oscillating roller is, for example, spring-biased transversely to the web path on a guide or on a rod, in particular pneumatically or spring-biased with a force acting in a direction opposite to the web tension of the substrate web 006 or product strip 002 wrapped around the roller in an endless manner.

[0279] The above-mentioned traction rollers 203; 308; 401; 502, for example, include a speed-adjustable and / or controllable drive motor, in particular a servo motor, and / or are coupled with one or more pressing elements, such as pressure rollers, for example, to improve the conveying performance, and / or, depending on the position in the substrate path, are operated and / or can be operated by a motor or, for example, in the manner of a generator, i.e. with a braking effect, to generate or maintain upstream web tension, for example, to generate or maintain downstream web tension, and / or are comprised by a regulating circuit that regulates the web tension and, for example, is integrated into the above-mentioned web tension regulating device, for example, as a regulating element.

[0280] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, in the above embodiments, the terms "substrate guiding element," "substrate guiding element," or "web guiding element" should be understood in a broad sense to mean a guide element, in particular a roller, by which substrate 006, in particular substrate web 006, is guided, or after application, product strip 002 is guided, and which, together with other such guide elements, defines the substrate path. Specifically, these guide elements can be designed as pure guide rollers or deflection rollers, or can additionally have special functions, such as drawing rollers, measuring rollers, or oscillating rollers.

[0281] As an alternative to designing the machine with a product receiving section 500 designed as a winder 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the inlet of the product receiving section 500, by means of which the product strips 002 produced in the machine can already be cross-cut into product segments 001. In this case, the product receiving section 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking boom, in particular as a multi-stack boom that discharges a plurality of stacks one after the other.

[0282] In the above-mentioned machine and / or device 100; 100*, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably on both sides provided with a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate, so that the carrier substrate retains uncoated edges on both sides.

[0283] Reference Signs List

[0284] 001 product, final product, product segment, electrode unit, electrode

[0285] 002 products, intermediate products, product strips, electrode strips

[0286] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite material film (especially solvent-free)

[0287] 003'Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0288] 004 Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry)

[0289] 004' Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry)

[0290] 005-

[0291] 006 Web-shaped carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current conductor substrate, current conductor film

[0292] 007 Medium, primer, adhesive, bonding agent to assist or achieve connection

[0293] 007'Medium, primer, adhesive, bonding agent to assist or achieve connection

[0294] 008 components, material strips, edge strips

[0295] 100 Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, laminating assembly, laminating unit

[0296] 100*Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, laminating assembly, laminating unit

[0297] 101 first application unit

[0298] 101' second application unit

[0299] 102 first roller, metering roller

[0300] 102' first roller, metering roller

[0301] 103 second roller, laminating roller, pressing roller

[0302] 103' second roller, laminating roller, pressing roller

[0303] 104 first gap, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, pressing part

[0304] 104' first gap, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, pressing part

[0305] 105-

[0306] 106 rollers, pressing rollers

[0307] 106' roller, pressing roller

[0308] 107 Second gap, applied gap, laminated gap

[0309] 107' Second gap, applied gap, laminated gap

[0310] 108-

[0311] 109 Position-based adjustment drive device, adjustment member

[0312] 109' Position-based adjustment drive device, adjustment member

[0313] 110-

[0314] 111 Force-based adjustment drive and regulating parts

[0315] 111'Force-based adjustment drive, regulating element

[0316] 112 adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0317] 112' adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0318] 113 adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0319] 113' adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0320] 114 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0321] 114' removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0322] 115-

[0323] 116 Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0324] 116' removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0325] 117 Collection device, collection tank

[0326] 117' collection device, collection tank

[0327] 118 Other rollers, calendering rollers

[0328] 118'Other rollers, calendering rollers

[0329] 119 stop mechanism, wedge stop

[0330] 120-

[0331] 121 substrate guide elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0332] 122 carrier, side parts (chassis)

[0333] 122' carrier, side members (undercarriage)

[0334] 123 suction unit

[0335] 123' Suction section

[0336] 124 border, side shield

[0337] 125-

[0338] 126 filling and / or storage space

[0339] 127 Material removal department

[0340] 127' material removal department

[0341] 128 racks (applying stage)

[0342] 128.1 First sub-rack

[0343] 128.2 Second sub-rack

[0344] 128.3 third sub-rack

[0345] 128.4 fourth sub-rack

[0346] 129 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0347] 129' removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0348] 130-

[0349] 131 rack wall

[0350] 131.1 Rack Wall

[0351] 131.2 rack wall

[0352] 131.3 Rack Wall

[0353] 131.4 rack wall

[0354] 132 Path-based or position-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0355] 132' Path-based or position-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0356] 133 Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, torque-controllable and / or adjustable motors

[0357] 133' Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, torque-controllable and / or adjustable motors

[0358] 134 temperature control fluid pipeline

[0359] 135-

[0360] 136 beams and bottom plates

[0361] 137 crossbeam, transverse carrier

[0362] 138 guide rail segments, track parts, guide parts, tracks

[0363] 139 load-bearing foot

[0364] 140-

[0365] 141 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0366] 142 piston rod

[0367] 143 Push and / or pull plate

[0368] 144 Push and / or pull plate

[0369] 145 rack structure, base plate

[0370] 146 adjustment parts

[0371] 147 Storage Blocks

[0372] 148 Rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0373] 149 Rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0374] 150-

[0375] 151 bearings, radial bearings

[0376] 153 supporting parts, rolling elements, sliding elements,

[0377] 154 support surface

[0378] 155 drive mechanism, electric, hydraulic servo motor

[0379] 156 Control and / or regulating devices, adjustment devices

[0380] 157 sensor element (gap width)

[0381] 157.1 sensor

[0382] 157.2 Sensor

[0383] 158 pressure medium pipeline

[0384] 159 pressure medium pipeline

[0385] 159 valve

[0386] 160-

[0387] 161 Assessment Agency

[0388] 162 parts, roller journal (belong to 102)

[0389] 163 roller journal (belongs to 103)

[0390] 164 Adjustment parts, (switchable) multi-way valve, (reversible) pump

[0391] 165 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0392] 166 cylinders

[0393] 167 piston

[0394] Chamber 168

[0395] Chamber 169

[0396] 170-

[0397] 171 regulator

[0398] 172 Sensors, measuring devices (layer thickness)

[0399] 172.1 sensor

[0400] 173 Control and / or regulating mechanism, drive device controller

[0401] 174 regulator

[0402] 175 regulator

[0403] 176 Adjustment drive device, electromagnet

[0404] 177 pressure sensor

[0405] 200 substrate conveying unit, substrate unwinder, and roll changing device

[0406] 201 roll, substrate roll

[0407] 202 substrate guiding element, forced driven substrate guiding element, roller, pulling roller

[0408] 203 substrate guiding element, substrate guiding element, swing roller

[0409] 204 web edge controller

[0410] 205-

[0411] 206 Gluing device, gluing table

[0412] 207 traction mechanism, pulling mechanism

[0413] 208 substrate guide element, substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0414] 300 The first substrate path segment, the conveying section, is located on the upstream side and the conveying side

[0415] 301 substrate guide element, substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0416] 302 pre-treatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0417] 303 measuring station (carrier substrate thickness)

[0418] 304 pre-treatment station, application station

[0419] 305-

[0420] 306 thermal pre-treatment station, temperature control station, infrared radiation source

[0421] 307 substrate guide element, substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0422] 308 forced driven substrate guide elements, rollers, pulling rollers

[0423] 309 traction mechanism

[0424] 310-

[0425] 311 sensor, temperature sensor

[0426] 400 The second substrate path segment, the conveying section, is located on the downstream side and the discharge side

[0427] 401 Forced driven substrate guide elements, rollers, and pulling rollers

[0428] 402 cooling device

[0429] 402* Cooling device (alternatively or additionally)

[0430] 403 Inspection Device

[0431] 404 substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0432] 405-

[0433] 406 Web tension compensation and / or adjustment device

[0434] 407 swing roller

[0435] 408 measuring station (product strip thickness)

[0436] 409 substrate guide element, substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0437] 410-

[0438] 411 traction mechanism

[0439] 412 Defect Marker

[0440] 500 product storage unit, product roll-up machine, roll changer

[0441] 501 product storage unit, reel, product reel

[0442] 502 forced-driven substrate guiding element, substrate guiding element, pulling roller

[0443] 503 swing roller

[0444] 504 cooling device, substrate guiding element, roller, cooling roller

[0445] 504.1 cooling roller

[0446] 504.2 cooling roller

[0447] 505-

[0448] 506 traction mechanism

[0449] 507 substrate guiding element, substrate guiding element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0450] 508 sensor, temperature sensor

[0451] 600 calendering unit, assembly, calendering assembly

[0452] 600*calendering unit (alternatively or additionally), assembly, calendering assembly

[0453] 601 heated first roller, calendering roller

[0454] 601*First roller, calendar roller (alternatively or additionally)

[0455] 602 Heated second roller, calendering roller

[0456] 602*Second roller, calendaring roller (alternatively or additionally)

[0457] 603 frame (calendering assembly)

[0458] 700 Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0459] 700' device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0460] bWidth

[0461] b151 support width

[0462] d thickness, layer thickness

[0463] b003 (003; 003') width

[0464] b006 (006) width

[0465] b008 (008) width

[0466] d003 (003) thickness, layer thickness

[0467] d003' (003') thickness, layer thickness

[0468] d006 (006) thickness

[0469] d008 (008) thickness, layer thickness

[0470] G-Plane

[0471] K arc

[0472] α angle, tilt angle

[0473] P pressure fluid source

[0474] R storage

[0475] R S Radius (of pivoting motion)

[0476] s1 switch state, maintain switch state

[0477] s2 switching state, path state

[0478] s3 switching status, access status

[0479] s4 switching state, basic switching state

[0480] R102 rotation axis

[0481] R102' rotation axis

[0482] R103 rotation axis

[0483] R103' rotation axis

[0484] R106 rotation axis

[0485] R106' rotation axis

[0486] S pivot axis

[0487] T S Conveying direction (of product string 002 and carrier substrate 006)

Claims

1. A device for coating a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), the device comprising a first application unit (101), the first application unit comprising a first roller (102) and a second roller (103) which rotates in a counter-rotating manner relative to the first roller (102) during operation, wherein: A first gap (104) is formed in the nip between the shell surfaces of a first roller (102) and a second roller (103), and during operation, a powdered material (004) is fed or can be fed through the first gap in order to form a first dry film (003). The device further comprises a first nip roller (103'; 106), which together with the second roller (103) or a further roller arranged between the first nip roller (103'; 106) and the second roller (103) forms a second gap (107), and a substrate path for the carrier substrate (006) to be coated, formed by a plurality of substrate guides or guide elements (301; 307; 401; 404), is guided through the second gap so that the carrier substrate (006) guided on the substrate path through the second gap (107) is applied or can be applied on a first side to the first gap (104; 104'), and the device comprises a measuring device (413), the measuring device comprising a sensor device (413.1; 413.2), the measuring device being configured to determine the grammage (FG) of at least one first dry film (003) or a quantity associated with and / or representative of the grammage (FG), Characterized in that an adjustment drive device (109; 111) is provided for adjusting the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) and / or for adjusting the first roller (102; 103) in the direction of the second roller (103), and a drive mechanism (148; 149) is provided for rotationally driving the first roller or the second roller (102; 103), the drive mechanism at least rotationally driving the first roller or the second roller (102; 103), and the sensor element (413.1; 413.2) of the measuring device (143) serves as a control loop (R) for adjusting the grammage (FG) FG ; R' FG ) is in signal connection with a control and / or regulating device (156), which is configured to: change the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) via a signal connection with a drive mechanism (132; 155) of the adjustment drive device (109; 111) and / or change the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) via a signal connection with a drive mechanism (148; 149) of the first roller or the second roller (102; 103) as a function of the grammage (FG) or a value representing the grammage (FG) determined by the measuring device (143).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The control and / or regulating device (156) is in signal connection with a control and / or regulating device (173) of a drive device (148) capable of rotationally driving the first roller (102; 102'), wherein the control and / or regulating device (173) is configured to: adjust the surface density (FD) to a setpoint value (FD soll ) or a value within an allowed range, the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102; 102') is changed proportionally with respect to the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103; 103') in a defined manner and predetermined by the control and / or regulating device (156).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The drive mechanism (148) capable of rotationally driving the first roller (102) is designed as a drive motor (148), which drives the first roller (102) individually and / or mechanically independently of the drive of the second roller (103).

4. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that In a first operating state, the grammage (FG) or its magnitude deviates from a rated value or exceeds an allowable range, and a first ratio exists between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102; 102') and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103), and in a second operating state, after the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102; 102') is changed by the control and / or regulating device (156) with the aid of the control and / or regulating mechanism (173), a second ratio different from the first ratio exists between the circumferential speeds V (102) and V (103), and the grammage (FG) or its magnitude is equal to the rated value (FD soll ) or at least within the permitted range.

5. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that In order to adjust the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) and / or to adjust the first roller (102) in the direction of the second roller (103), the adjustment drive (109) is designed to be position-based, i.e. for a defined and maintained gap width (b104). soll ) or an adjustment drive (109) for the relative position of the rollers (102; 103), and / or a first gap (104'; 104) between the first roller and the second roller (102; 103) can be adjusted based on the position-based adjustment drive (109), i.e. can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width (b104).

6. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that For adjusting the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) soll ) has an adjusting drive (109) which is position-controlled, ie, controlled or regulated in terms of position.

7. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that For adjusting the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) soll ) comprises: a stop mechanism (119) capable of defining a contact position in the direction of the pressing portion and capable of being adjusted in position by means of a drive mechanism (155); and a drive mechanism (133) for adjusting the two rollers (102; 103) relative to each other via the stop mechanism (119).

8. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that The control and / or regulating device (156) is operatively connected to a drive mechanism (132; 155) included in the adjustment drive (109; 111), the drive mechanism being configured to: adjust the surface density (FD) to a setpoint value (FD soll ) or a value within an allowed range, while changing the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) in a defined manner and predetermined by the control and / or regulating device (156).

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that In the first operating state, the grammage (FG) or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permissible range, and a first gap width (b104) exists. In the second operating state, after being changed by the control and / or regulating device (156) with the aid of the drive mechanism (132; 155), a second gap width (b104) different from the first gap width (b104) exists, and the grammage (FG) or its value corresponds to the rated value (FD soll ) or at least within the allowed range.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that A sensor element (157) for determining the gap width (b104) or for associating with the gap width (b104) and / or representing the magnitude of the gap width (b104) and connected to the control and / or regulating device (156) in a signal connection is an internal regulating circuit (R b ), the internal regulating circuit being configured to regulate the gap width (b104) via the regulating drive (109) to the value determined by the regulating circuit (R) for regulating the grammage (FG). FG ;R' FG ) Predetermined and / or changed nominal gap width (b104 soll ).

11. The device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that The drive (132) is designed as a position-controlled drive (132), ie, as a positionally controlled or regulated drive (132).

12. The device according to claim 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that For gap width (b104 soll ) or the drive mechanism (132) for adjusting the roller position is designed as a double-acting cylinder-piston system (132) operated by pressure fluid with the aid of an adjusting member (164; 164*).

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that The cylinder-piston system (132) is connected to an adjusting element (164; 164*) via a pressure medium line (158; 159), which is configured to load one of two chambers (168; 169) located inside the cylinder and separated from each other fluidically by a piston (167) with more or less pressure fluid in a defined manner, and to load the other chamber with more or less pressure fluid accordingly, so as to move the position of the piston (167) in the cylinder (166) in a defined manner depending on the inflow and outflow conditions in the chamber (168; 169) when viewed in the adjustment direction, and to maintain said position unless otherwise specified.

14. The device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The regulating member (164) is formed by a proportional directional control valve (164), which serves as a switching state (s1; s2; s3; s4) has at least one first passage state (s2), in which the first chamber (168) of the cylinder-piston system (132) is connected to a pressure fluid source (P) in a pipeline connection so as to load the first chamber, and the second chamber (168) of the cylinder-piston system (132) located on the other side of the piston (167) is connected to a reservoir (R) at a lower pressure level than the pressure fluid source (P), and the proportional reversing valve also has a second passage state (s2), in which the second chamber (169) is connected to the pressure fluid source (P) so as to load the second chamber, and the first chamber (168) is connected to the reservoir (R), and an adjustment drive device (176) is provided which is connected to a regulator (171) included in the control and / or regulation device (156) in a signal connection, and the adjustment drive device can realize the switching state (s1; s2; By switching between the flow states (s2; s3), and / or in the corresponding flow states (s2; s3), the flow rate and / or the fluid pressure applied on the outlet side can be changed.

15. The device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The regulating element (164) is formed by a pump (164) which is controllable and / or adjustable with respect to a defined delivery volume and / or whose delivery direction is reversible.

16. The device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that The drive mechanism (155) of the adjustable stop mechanism (119) is used as a means for adjusting the gap width (b104 soll ) or a drive mechanism (155) for the roller position is effectively connected to a control and / or regulating device (156), wherein the stop mechanism defines an end position that limits the adjustment movement of the first roller (102) toward the second roller (103) and can be changed by the drive mechanism (155).

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that In order to adjust the roller gap and / or adjust the first roller (102; 103) in the direction of the second roller (103), a drive mechanism (133) is provided that enables an adjusting movement.

18. The device according to claim 7 or 17, characterized in that A cylinder-piston system (133) operable by pressure fluid is provided as the drive mechanism (133).

19. The device of claim 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, wherein: A drive mechanism (132; 133) capable of realizing an adjusting movement directly or indirectly engages the first roller and the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') with its two active ends and is configured to: shorten the distance between its active ends by operation and / or introduce mutually directed adjusting forces and / or pulling forces between the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') through the two active ends.

20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that The rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') forming a first gap (104) between them are supported on both sides on the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of different sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the corresponding drive mechanism (132; 133) is engaged with its two active ends on one of the frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of the two rollers (102; 103; 106) forming the corresponding gap (104, 107) between them.

21. The device according to claim 18 and any one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that The drive mechanism (132; 133) designed as a cylinder-piston system (132; 133) is indirectly connected with its cylinder-side and piston-side active ends to two adjacent rollers (102; 103) or to a frame wall (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) supporting the two adjacent rollers.

22. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21, wherein: The measuring device (413) is arranged and configured to determine the grammage (FG) or its value by measuring at a location arranged after the first roller gap (104; 104') and before the location of application to the carrier substrate (006) in the transport path of the dry film (003; 003') and / or on the second roller (103; 103').

23. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21, wherein: The measuring device (413) is arranged on the second substrate path segment (400) and / or on the substrate path in such a way and configured that the grammage (FG) or its value is determined by measuring on the product strip (002) and / or on the dry film (003; 003') applied to the carrier substrate (006).

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that An ultrasonic transmitter (413.1) is provided on a first side of a substrate path, by means of which the product strip (002) can be loaded with ultrasonic waves, and a receiver (413.2) is provided on the same side or the other side of the substrate path, by means of which reflected ultrasonic waves can be detected on the same side and transmitted ultrasonic waves can be detected on the other side.

25. The device according to claim 22, 23 or 24, characterized in that The sensor element (413.1; 413.2) is designed to determine the value of the grammage (FG) continuously or at multiple locations in width, i.e. transversely to the conveying direction of the dry film (003) or the product strip (002), over a length that corresponds to at least half the width of the dry film or the width of the substrate strip and / or is symmetrical about the center of the substrate path.

26. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25, wherein: The measuring device (413) for determining the grammage (FG) is based on an ultrasound-based sensor element (413.1; 413.2).

27. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26, wherein: A second applying unit (101') is provided in a substrate path, the second applying unit comprising a first roller (102') and a second roller (103'), the first roller and the second roller forming a first gap (104; 104') for film formation of the second applying unit (101') in a pressed portion between their shell surfaces, the dry powder mixture (004) being able to be fed through the first gap to form a second dry film (003'), and the second roller (003'; 003) or a roller of the second application unit (101') that cooperates directly with the second roller (103') or indirectly with one or more other rollers as a pressing roller (103') forms a second gap (107) serving as a double-sided lamination gap (107) together with the second or other roller (103) of the first application unit (101) so that the dry film (003; 003') formed in the respective first gaps (104; 104') of the first and second application units (101'; 101) is applied on both sides to a substrate (006) that can be guided through the second gap (107) on the substrate path.

28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that In order to adjust the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) of the second application unit (101') and / or to adjust the direction of the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') toward the second roller (103') of the second application unit (101'), an adjustment drive device (109'; 111') is provided, and in order to rotationally drive the first roller or the second roller (102'; 103') of the second application unit (101'), a drive mechanism capable of rotationally driving at least the first roller or the second roller (102'; 103') of the second application unit (101') is provided, and the sensor device (413.1; 413.2) of the measuring device (143) serves as a control loop (R) for adjusting the grammage (FG) FG ; R' FG ) is connected to a control and / or regulating device (156) in a signal connection, the control and / or regulating device being configured to change the gap width (b104') of the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101') via a signal connection with a drive mechanism (132; 155) of an adjustment drive device (109'; 111') as a function of the grammage (FG) or a quantity representing the grammage (FG) determined by the measuring device (143), and / or to change the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102') of the first roller (102') and the circumferential speed V (103') of the second roller (103') via an indirect or direct signal connection with a drive mechanism of a first roller or a second roller (102'; 103') capable of driving the second application unit (101').

29. A machine for coating a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), the machine comprising: A substrate unwinder (200) is arranged on the input side of the machine and is configured to: convey a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) to be unwound from a substrate reel (291) on the input side to a substrate path guided through the machine, a first substrate path segment (300) configured for conveying a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) from a substrate unwinder (200) to an application stage (100; 100*), in, The application phase (100; 100*) is configured for forming at least one first dry film (003; 003') and applying the first dry film to at least one first side of a carrier substrate (006), a second substrate path segment (400) configured to convey a web-shaped carrier material (006) coated with a dry film (003) at least on a first side as a product strip (002) to a product winder (500) or as a product segment (001) via a transverse cutter to a stacking boom, and A measuring device (413) comprising a sensor device (413.1; 413.2), the measuring device being configured to determine the grammage (FG) of at least one first dry film (003) or a quantity value associated with and / or representative of the grammage (FG), Characterized in that the application phase (100; 100*) is carried out using a device according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. A method for coating a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), wherein: The web-shaped carrier substrate (006) unwound from the substrate reel (291) is fed in the form of a carrier substrate web (006) on the input side by a substrate unwinder (200) of the machine, A web-shaped carrier substrate (006) is conveyed via a first substrate path segment (300) to an application stage (100; 100*), in which at least one first dry film is produced from a powdered material (004) through a first gap (104) formed between a first roller and a second roller (102), and the first dry film is applied to at least one first side of the carrier substrate (006) in a second gap (107) formed by a first pressing roller (103'; 106) and a second roller (103) or another roller arranged between the second roller and the pressing roller, conveying a web-shaped carrier material (006) provided with a dry film (003) on a first side as a product strip (002) via a second substrate path segment (400) to a product winder (500) or as a product segment (001) via a transverse cutter to a stacking boom; and wherein the grammage (FG) of at least one first dry film (003) or a quantity associated with and / or representative of the grammage (FG) is determined online by means of a measuring device (413) comprising a sensor device (413.1; 413.2), It is characterized in that, in order to adjust the grammage (FG) to a predetermined value or a value within an allowed range, the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is changed and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) is changed according to the current grammage (FG) or a value representing the grammage (FG) determined by the measuring device (143).

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein During operation, the grammage (FG) or the quantity representing the grammage (FG) is adjusted to a nominal value or to a value within an allowed range by changing the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') depending on the measured value of the grammage (FG) or the quantity representing the grammage (FG), and / or by changing the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') at a fixed but adjustable gap width (b104) and / or by changing the peripheral speed V (102; 102') of the first roller (102; 102').

32. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that When the measured grammage (FG) or its value deviates downward from the rated value or is below the allowed range, the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) is changed to a larger ratio, and / or when the measured grammage (FG) or its value deviates upward from the rated value or is above the allowed range, the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) is changed to a smaller ratio.

33. The method according to claim 30, 31 or 32, characterized in that The ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') varies in the range of 1:3 to 1:

6.

34. The method according to claim 30, 31, 32 or 33, characterized in that The variation is carried out along a decreasing relationship between the difference between the peripheral speeds V(103); V(102) of the second roller and the first roller (103; 102) relative to the peripheral speed V(103) of the second roller (103) or a magnitude characterizing said difference and the grammage (FG) or a value representing the grammage (FG) on the other hand.

35. The method of claim 30, 31, 32, 33 or 34, wherein: When the measured grammage (FG) or its value deviates downward from the rated value or is below the allowed range, the gap width (b104) is changed to a larger gap width (b104), and / or when the measured grammage (FG) or its value deviates upward from the rated value or is above the allowed range, the gap width (b104) is changed to a larger gap width (b104).

36. The method of claim 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 35, wherein: The gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is adjusted to a defined and / or constant gap width (b104) by adjusting the drive device (109; 146).

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein The gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is adjusted in a defined manner by a positionally controlled or regulated drive mechanism (132). soll ).

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein The regulation is carried out by loading a double-acting cylinder-piston system (132).

39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that The cylinder-piston system (132) is regulated via a proportional directional valve (164).

40. The method according to claim 36, wherein The gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is adjusted by a driving mechanism (133) soll ) is adjusted in a defined manner towards a stop member (119) which delimits a contact position in the direction of the pressing portion and is positionally adjustable.

41. The method of claim 37, 38, 39 or 40, wherein: During the abutment operation, a pulling force directed toward each other is introduced between the rollers (102; 103) or between the subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) of two supporting rollers (102; 103) by means of a drive mechanism (132; 133) that realizes the adjustment movement.

42. The method of claim 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 or 41, wherein: The grammage (FG) or its value is determined by measuring on a location arranged in the transport path of the dry film (003; 003') after the first roller nip (104; 104') and before the location of application to the carrier substrate (006) and / or on a second roller (103; 103').

43. The method of claim 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 or 41, wherein: The grammage (FG) or its value is determined by measuring on a second substrate path segment (400) on a product strip (002) with a dry film (003).

44. The method of claim 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 or 43, wherein: A second dry film (003') is applied on the second side of the web-shaped carrier substrate (006) in a second gap (107), wherein the second dry film is formed in a second application unit (101') in a first gap (104') of the second application unit (101'), wherein the first gap is located between a roller (103') serving as a first pressing roller (103') and a first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') or another roller arranged between the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') and the roller (103') serving as the first pressing roller (103').

45. The method according to claim 44, wherein In order to adjust the grammage (FG) according to the current grammage (FG) or the value representing the grammage (FG) determined by the measuring device (143), the gap width (b104') of the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101') is changed, and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102') of the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) of the second application unit (101') is changed.

Images