High-speed short material four-side planing and milling machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed short material four-side planing and milling machine which is characterized in that an inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and a horizontal lower cutter shaft are arranged at the front end of a working table at intervals, and the inclined included angle alpha between the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft is 25-40 degrees; a first upper cutter shaft and a second upper cutter shaft are arranged above the rear end of the working table at intervals, and the first upper cutter shaft, the second upper cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft are mutually parallel in space; a front right vertical cutter shaft, a front left vertical cutter shaft, a rear right vertical cutter shaft and a rear left vertical cutter shaft are vertically arranged in the middle section of the working table of the machine body; the upper feeding rollers and the lower feeding rollers are driving feeding rollers, the tangential feeding speed of the upper feeding rollers is equal to that of the lower feeding rollers, and the distance a between every two adjacent upper feeding rollers at the front side end of the rear left cutter shaft ranges from 120 mm to 160 mm. A feeding device is installed at the feeding end of the working table face of the machine body, and the feeding device and the sliding guide plate are arranged in a spaced mode. High-speed planing of short wood can be achieved, the planing precision is high, and the machining quality is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wood processing, in particular to a woodworking planing and milling machine capable of performing high-speed four-side planing processing on short wood materials. Background Art

[0002] Finger-jointed lumber is made by precisely joining multiple pieces of wood together using a finger-joining process. This not only preserves the wood's natural properties but also reduces wood waste by effectively integrating small pieces of wood that would otherwise be considered waste or short stock into a finished product. Furthermore, the shorter the pieces of wood used in finger-jointed lumber, the higher the wood's utilization rate. However, when planing short lumber, due to limited space, it is difficult to clamp and push the wood, which affects the planing effect, restricts feed speed and planing speed, and makes planing more difficult. Also, because the material structure of wood is not a homogeneous body, wood has knots, textures and different hardness. The change of wood texture not only brings about the change of planing force of the planer, but also brings about the change of wood pushing feed force. The short wood block in the forward direction will have feed speed fluctuations such as pauses, causing the planer to vibrate and the feed roller to shake. The pause in the feed of the wood block will block the feed of the subsequent wood block, causing the rear wood block to collide in the opposite direction and bounce backwards, resulting in repeated planing on the wood planing surface, causing the planing surface to be concave and uneven, which not only affects the planing accuracy but also reduces the planing efficiency.

[0003] Woodworking planers are woodworking machines that plan the surface of prefabricated timber, with four-sided planers being the most widely used and efficient. Existing four-sided planers primarily include a horizontal planer shaft for mounting a horizontal planer and a vertical planer shaft for mounting a vertical planer. The wood feeds through the lower planer, right vertical planer, left vertical planer, and upper planer in sequence. However, this single-pass planing process results in a large amount of planer engagement and poor planing accuracy, inevitably leading to a large amount of processing required for the finished finger-jointed board, resulting in wasted wood. This not only reduces wood utilization but also restricts the feed rate for planing, reducing the production efficiency of woodworking planers.

[0004] In existing woodworking four-sided planing and milling machines, the planer blades are arranged parallel to the width of the planed wood. On the one hand, the lower surface of the planed wood serves as the reference surface for subsequent planing steps. The wood reference surface formed by a single planing pass is relatively rough, resulting in large planing deviations, causing inaccurate positioning during subsequent planing and difficulty in producing a clean, compliant material. On the other hand, the lower planer blades, arranged parallel to the width of the wood, suddenly come into contact with the wood across the entire width during planing. Since short pieces of wood are continuously fed along the planing path, the planer blades continuously impact the wood, creating a planing-like impact. The faster the wood is fed, the higher the frequency of this impact. This not only causes a gnawing effect on the wood head, reducing planing accuracy and planing smoothness, but also hinders tool life and chip removal, leading to inevitable vibration. High-speed planing can easily cause cracks and chipping in the tool, reducing tool durability.

[0005] The feeding mechanism of the woodworking planer and milling machine also directly restricts the planing quality, planing accuracy and planing speed. The feed roller of the existing planer and milling machine includes a follower pressure roller and an active feed roller. The pressure roller only provides downward pressure, and the feed roller provides the pushing force to push the wood forward; but when planing short and small materials, there is a large unconstrained space between the two adjacent feed rollers, and the short and small materials cannot be reliably pushed and fed; especially during high-speed planing, this constrained gap will cause the pushed wood to shake, resulting in uneven feed speed and uneven wood planing surface.

[0006] The feeding end of the existing four-sided planer and milling machine is only provided with a wood side support plate on one side, and the wood is not constrained in the forward direction on the other side of the feeding section. The wood can be pushed forward and fed only when it enters the upper and lower feed roller wheels. Therefore, the wood in the existing structure cannot be reliably constrained on both sides of the wood, whether in the feeding section of the feed roller or in the feeding section of the side support plate. The wood is prone to feeding deviation and propulsion collision or overlap of the front and rear wood during the feeding stage, which not only affects the processing quality and precision of the wood, but also affects the planing efficiency. Especially when planing at high speed or in a planing production line, the unconstrained feeding of this wood cannot form continuous and smooth propulsion feeding, which can easily produce irregular grain or surface unevenness on the wood surface, and even cause safety faults such as material jamming. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above differences in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-speed short material four-sided planer and milling machine, which can not only realize high-speed planing of short wood, but also has high planing precision and good processing quality.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the high-speed short-material four-side planer and milling machine of the present invention includes a machine body and a feeding device installed on the machine body, wherein the feeding device includes a plurality of upper feeding rollers and a plurality of lower feeding rollers. A sliding guide plate is fixedly installed on the right side of the working table of the machine body. An inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and a horizontal lower cutter shaft are provided at the front end of the working table of the machine body. The inclined angle α between the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft is 25°-40°.

[0009] A first upper cutter shaft and a second upper cutter shaft are provided above the rear end of the work surface of the fuselage, and the first upper cutter shaft, the second upper cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft are parallel to each other in space; a front right vertical cutter shaft, a front left vertical cutter shaft, a rear right vertical cutter shaft and a rear left vertical cutter shaft are vertically provided in the middle section of the work surface of the fuselage;

[0010] The upper feed roller and the lower feed roller are both active feed rollers, the tangential feeding speeds of the upper feed roller and the lower feed roller are equal, and the spacing a between the two adjacent upper feed rollers at the front end of the rear left cutter shaft is 120mm-160mm;

[0011] A feeding device is installed at the feeding end of the work surface of the fuselage, and the feeding device and the sliding guide plate are arranged at intervals from each other.

[0012] Furthermore, the plane where the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft are located is parallel to the plane where the first upper cutter shaft and the second upper cutter shaft are located; the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft, the horizontal lower cutter shaft, the front right vertical cutter shaft, the front left vertical cutter shaft, the rear right vertical cutter shaft, the rear left vertical cutter shaft, the first upper cutter shaft and the second upper cutter shaft are all driven by corresponding cutter shaft motors.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal lower cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft rod, and a radial damping spring and a spring top cover are radially embedded in the cutter shaft rod, and the spring top cover is located on the outer end side of the radial damping spring.

[0014] Furthermore, an axial shock-absorbing spring is embedded in the inner end of the horizontal cutter shaft, and a planer cover is mounted on the outer end of the horizontal cutter shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the tool shaft rod is a tapered shaft rod, and the tapered angle β of the tapered shaft rod is 4°-6°; the planer cover is provided with a tapered hole for passing the tool shaft rod, and the tapered angle γ of the tapered hole is greater than β.

[0016] Furthermore, four pairs of radial shock-absorbing springs and spring top covers are embedded on the same cross section of the knife shaft, and each radial shock-absorbing spring corresponds to a spring top cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the radial damping spring and the axial damping spring are both disc springs; the first upper cutter shaft, the second upper cutter shaft, the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and the horizontal lower cutter shaft adopt the same structure,

[0018] Furthermore, a side pressure device is installed on the working table of the fuselage, and the front right vertical knife shaft and the rear right vertical knife shaft are respectively provided with a side pressure device at a distance therefrom.

[0019] Furthermore, the side pressure device includes a side pressure bracket fixedly mounted on the fuselage, and a plurality of side pressure wheel swing arms are hingedly supported on the side pressure bracket. The extended end of each side pressure wheel swing arm is rotatably mounted with a side pressure wheel, and the end of the side pressure wheel swing arm also abuts against a side pressure cylinder, which is mounted on the side pressure bracket.

[0020] Furthermore, the feeding device includes a feeding beam and a transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft rotatably installed on the feeding beam is connected to the forced feeding motor; the upper feeding roller is connected to the transmission shaft through the corresponding upper feeding roller transmission shaft and the sub-transmission box; the lower feeding roller is also connected to the transmission shaft through the corresponding lower feeding roller transmission shaft and the sub-transmission box; each of the upper feeding rollers corresponds to a feeding roller cylinder.

[0021] Furthermore, the lower feed roller is rotatably supported on the machine body through a lower feed roller support; the lower feed roller includes a feed roller core shaft, a feed roller shell is gap-mounted on the feed roller core shaft, and a shock-absorbing spring and a shock-absorbing top cover are arranged between the feed roller shell and the feed roller core shaft.

[0022] Furthermore, four shock-absorbing springs are embedded on the same cross-section of the feed roller core shaft. The shock-absorbing springs are arranged opposite to each other in pairs. The shock-absorbing springs are in contact with the inner wall of the feed roller shell through the shock-absorbing top cover; the top surface of the shock-absorbing top cover is a spherical crown surface, and the shock-absorbing springs are disc springs.

[0023] Furthermore, a sliding strip is embedded on the guide surface of the sliding guide plate, and a non-return eccentric block is movably provided on the sliding guide plate, and a non-return strip is embedded on the non-return surface of the non-return eccentric block; the non-return eccentric block passes through the sliding guide plate and is hinged to the fuselage.

[0024] Furthermore, the feeding device includes a feeding slide plate, a feeding pressure wheel swing arm is hinged on the feeding slide plate, a feeding pressure wheel is rotatably supported at the extended end of the feeding pressure wheel arm, and a feeding sprocket is fixedly mounted on the feeding pressure wheel; a swing arm cylinder is arranged between the extended end of the feeding pressure wheel swing arm and the feeding slide plate.

[0025] Furthermore, the feeding sprocket is connected to the motor sprocket through a chain, and a tensioning sprocket is also engaged on the chain. The tensioning sprocket is rotatably supported on the outward end of the tensioning wheel swing arm, and the tensioning wheel swing arm is hinged on the feeding slide plate; a tensioning cylinder is arranged between the outward end of the tensioning wheel swing arm and the feeding slide plate.

[0026] After adopting the above technical solution, since two lower cutter shafts, an inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft and a horizontal lower cutter shaft, are provided at the front end of the work table, and the two lower cutter shafts are not arranged in parallel, but are inclined with respect to each other, and their inclined angle α=25°-40°, the two lower cutter shafts located at the front end of the work table can perform rough planing and fine planing on the lower surface of the wood respectively, which can not only reduce the planing amount of one time, ensure the flatness of the lower surface of the wood, and improve the positioning accuracy of subsequent wood planing; in particular, the planer on the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft actually contacts the wood step by step along the inclined planing line for planing, and the contact between the planer and the wood becomes very stable, avoiding the impact and vibration between the two, which not only improves the planing quality, but also helps to improve the durability and service life of the planer.

[0027] Furthermore, since the wood feed channel on the work surface of the machine body used to promote wood planing is surrounded by eight cutter shafts, and two cutter shafts are arranged on each planing plane, it is not only conducive to reducing the planing amount of each planer shaft on each planing plane, reducing planing vibration, and improving planing accuracy. Each planer shaft is driven individually by a corresponding motor, and each cutter shaft can be adjusted and optimized individually, thereby improving overall processing efficiency. Individual drive also reduces the mutual dependence between multiple cutter shaft components and reduces the probability of equipment failure. Individually driven planers can achieve more refined processing effects through precise control, especially when the radial and / or axial direction of the cutter shaft rod adopts a shock-absorbing spring structure, the shock-absorbing structure can effectively reduce vibration, avoid the influence of planing vibration on planing accuracy, and meet the requirements of high-speed and high-precision wood planing processing. This shock-absorbing structure is also conducive to reducing the wear rate of the planer, extending the service life and accuracy of the planer, and ensuring its long-term stable operation.

[0028] Because both the upper and lower feed rollers in the feeding mechanism are active rollers with equal tangential feed speeds, not only can the feed advance speed be precisely controlled, making it particularly suitable for the synchronous advancement of short and small pieces, but it also ensures smooth and rapid transport of short and small pieces, facilitating reliable and stable wood feed. Each upper feed roller is equipped with a corresponding feed roller cylinder, enabling precise downward pressure feeding of each short piece of wood, overcoming the interdependence between the feed rollers and achieving more precise feed advancement. A shock-absorbing structure is incorporated into the lower feed roller to improve feeding accuracy and feed stability, enhancing planing accuracy and quality of the planing process for short and small pieces of wood. The optimized distance between the feed rollers ensures continuous and uninterrupted delivery of short and small pieces of wood, resulting in more stable wood feed.

[0029] Furthermore, the sliding guide plate is equipped with a removable anti-return eccentric block, which reliably prevents reverse movement of the wood caused by planing vibration and vibration. This prevents repeated cutting by the planer, resulting in "head-biting" and "tail-biting" and uneven surfaces. Feeding devices are spaced apart on opposite sides of the sliding guide plate to effectively constrain and push short and small pieces of wood. This overcomes the risk of wood deviation during the feeding stage and collisions during transport, enhancing reliable control of short and small pieces. The feed rollers, through the feed roller swing arm and swing arm cylinder, enhance the reliability of the feed rollers' control of the wood feed, avoid mutual interference and dependence between the rollers, and improve the accuracy of short and small wood feeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a front structural view of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The arrangement structure diagram of the cutter shaft in the embodiment shown;

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Structural view from the top direction;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the layout structure of the middle knife shaft;

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The driving structure diagram of the horizontal cutter shaft;

[0036] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Cross-sectional structure diagram of the middle knife shaft;

[0037] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Middle A-A section;

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Cross-section of the planer cover;

[0039] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Structural diagram of the spring top cover;

[0040] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A-direction view;

[0041] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 Installation structure diagram of the neutral tool shaft;

[0042] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Front view of

[0043] Figure 13 yes Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle and side pressure device;

[0044] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 sectional view of

[0045] Figure 15 yes Figure 1 A structural diagram of the feeding device in the embodiment shown;

[0046] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Front structure diagram of

[0047] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Cross-sectional view of the middle and lower feed rollers;

[0048] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 B-B cross-section of

[0049] Figure 19 yes Figure 17 B-direction view;

[0050] Figure 20 yes Figure 17 Installation structure diagram of the middle shock absorber spring;

[0051] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 Structural diagram of the middle shock-absorbing top cover;

[0052] Figure 22 yes Figure 17 Structural diagram of the middle feed roller end cover;

[0053] Figure 23 yes Figure 17 Cross-sectional structural diagram of the feed roller shell;

[0054] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 C-direction view;

[0055] Figure 25 yes Figure 1 An installation structure diagram of the upper feed roller in the embodiment shown;

[0056] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 Front structure diagram;

[0057] Figure 27 yes Figure 1The embodiment shown is another installation structure diagram of the feed roller;

[0058] Figure 28 yes Figure 27 Front structure diagram;

[0059] Figure 29 yes Figure 1 Installation structure diagram of the sliding guide plate and the forced feeding device in the embodiment shown;

[0060] Figure 30 yes Figure 29 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the middle sliding guide plate;

[0061] Figure 31 yes Figure 29 Middle C-C section.

[0062] Figure 32 yes Figure 29 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the forced feeding device;

[0063] Figure 33 yes Figure 32 A structural view from a top-down direction;

[0064] Figure 34 yes Figure 32 Structural view from the upward direction.

[0065] In the figure, 1 is a feeding device, 101 is a forced feeding motor, 102 is a sub-transmission box, 103 is a transmission shaft, 104 is a through-shaft coupling, 105 is a feeding beam, 106 is a lower feeding roller transmission shaft, 107 is an upper feeding roller transmission shaft, 108 is an upper feeding roller, 109 is a lower feeding roller, 110 is a lower feeding roller support, 111 is a beam lifting guide rail, 112 is a beam lifting transmission pair, 113 is a - lifting motor, 114 - feed roller core shaft, 115 - feed roller end cover, 116 - feed roller shell, 117 - shock-absorbing top cover, 118 - shock-absorbing spring, 119 - end cover bolt, 120 - upper feed roller support, 121 - feed roller cylinder, 122 - feed roller shaft seat, 123 - feed roller transmission box, 124 - feed roller drive gear, 125 - drive intermediate wheel, 126 - feed roller core shaft; 2 - strong Feeding device, 201 - feeding drive motor, 202 - feeding pressure wheel swing arm, 203 - swing arm cylinder, 204 - feeding pressure wheel, 205 - feeding sliding plate, 206 - sliding screw pair, 207 - feeding sprocket, 208 - guide sprocket, 209 - tensioning sprocket, 210 - tensioning wheel swing arm, 211 - tensioning cylinder, 212 - motor sprocket, 213 - chain, 214 - feeding support; 3 —Body; 4 — inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft; 5 — side pressure device, 501 — side pressure wheel, 502 — side pressure wheel swing arm, 503 — swing arm pin, 504 — side pressure bracket, 505 — swing arm adjustment bolt, 506 — side pressure cylinder, 507 — side pressure bracket seat; 6 — horizontal lower cutter shaft, 601 — cutter shaft rod, 602 — cutter shaft support seat, 603 — cutter shaft drive variable speed motor, 604 — spring top cover, 605 —

[0066] —Radial shock-absorbing spring, 605—spring pressure cover, 607—axial shock-absorbing spring, 608—planer pressure cover, 609—pressure cover bolt; 7—front right vertical knife shaft, 701—vertical knife shaft rod, 702—vertical knife shaft seat, 703—vertical knife slide seat, 704—vertical knife motor; 8—front left vertical knife shaft; 9—rear right vertical knife shaft; 10—rear left vertical knife shaft; 11—first upper knife shaft; 12—second upper knife shaft; 13—sliding guide plate, 131—guide plate pressure block, 132—guide plate locking bolt, 133—non-return eccentric block, 134—sliding insert, 135—non-return insert. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] like Figure 1The high-speed short-stock four-sided planer and milling machine shown in FIG. has a work surface provided on its body 3 for supporting planed wood. A feeding device 1 is provided on the right side of the body 3. The feeding device 1 includes a plurality of upper feed rollers 108 and lower feed rollers 109. The upper feed rollers 108 are located above the work surface of the body 3, while the lower feed rollers 109 are rotatably located on the work surface of the body 3. The upper feed rollers 108 and the lower feed rollers 109 are respectively located on two mutually parallel horizontal planes. A feeding device 2 is installed at the feeding end (front end) of the work surface of the body 3. Also installed on the work surface of the body 3 are two side pressing devices 5. The two side pressing devices 5 correspond to the front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the rear right vertical cutter shaft 9, respectively. The side pressing devices 5 can press the planed wood toward the front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the rear right vertical cutter shaft 9.

[0068] At the front end of the work surface of the fuselage 3, an inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 and a horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 are arranged in sequence. Above the rear end of the work surface of the fuselage 3, a first upper cutter shaft 11 and a second upper cutter shaft 12 are arranged at intervals. The first upper cutter shaft 11 and the second upper cutter shaft 12 are located on the same planing plane and are spatially parallel to the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6. The horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 and the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 are located on the same planing front plane, and the axis lines of the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 and the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 intersect with each other. A front right vertical cutter shaft 7, a front left vertical cutter shaft 8, a rear right vertical cutter shaft 9, and a rear left vertical cutter shaft 10 are vertically arranged in the middle section of the work surface of the fuselage 3. The wood feeding channel is located in the space surrounded by the vertical planing surface where the front right vertical knife shaft 7 and the rear right vertical knife shaft 9 are located, the vertical planing surface where the front left vertical knife shaft 8 and the rear left knife shaft 10 are located, the horizontal planing surface where the inclined horizontal lower knife shaft 4 and the horizontal lower knife shaft 6 are located, and the horizontal planing surface where the first upper knife shaft 11 and the second upper knife shaft 12 are located.

[0069] 22 upper feed rollers 108 are provided at the front end of the rear left vertical knife shaft 10. The roller spacing a between two adjacent upper feed rollers 108 is 138 mm, preferably a = 120 mm - 160 mm. 9 upper feed rollers 108 are also provided at the rear end of the rear left knife shaft 10.

[0070] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the first upper cutter shaft 11 and the second upper cutter shaft 12, which are arranged parallel to each other, are located above the rear end of the work surface of the machine body 3. The first upper cutter shaft 11 and the second upper cutter shaft 12 are both connected by a transmission to corresponding cutter shaft motors, which are fixedly mounted on the machine body 3 via corresponding motor mounts. The front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the rear right vertical cutter shaft 9 are located in the same vertical plane. The front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the rear right vertical cutter shaft 9 are also connected by a transmission to the output shafts of corresponding cutter shaft motors, which are fixedly mounted on the machine body 3. A sliding guide plate 13 is provided on the right side of the work surface of the machine body 3, extending from front to back. During operation, planing wood is pushed and fed along this sliding guide plate 13 from front to back. The positions of the front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the rear right vertical cutter shaft 9 correspond to the sliding guide plate 13, which is fixedly mounted on the machine body 3. The front left vertical cutter shaft 8 and the rear left vertical cutter shaft 10 are also connected to the corresponding cutter shaft motor output shafts via couplings. The two cutter shaft motors are fixedly mounted on the machine body 3 via corresponding motor bases. The horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 is spatially parallel to the first upper cutter shaft 11 and the second upper cutter shaft 12, and is arranged along the width of the work surface (or wood feed channel). The horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 is also transmission-connected to the output shaft of its cutter shaft motor. The corresponding cutter shaft motor is mounted on the machine body 3 via a motor base. The inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 is arranged at an angle to the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6. The inclined angle α between the axis of the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 and the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 is 30°. This inclined angle α should be controlled between 25° and 40°. The inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 is also transmission-connected to the output shaft end of the corresponding cutter shaft motor. The cutter shaft motor of the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 is fixedly mounted on the machine body 3 via a corresponding motor base.

[0071] A feeding device 2 is also mounted at the feeding end (front end) of the machine body 3. This feeding device 2 is spaced apart from a sliding guide plate 13, with the inner side of the sliding guide plate 13 and the feeding surface of the feeding device 2 located on either side of the wood feed channel. Two sets of side pressure devices 5 are also mounted on the work surface of the machine body 3, one corresponding to the front right vertical cutter shaft 7 and the other to the rear right vertical shaft 9. The side pressure surfaces of the side pressure devices 5 are located on the left side of the wood feed channel.

[0072] like Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 includes a cutter shaft rod 601, and the cutter shaft rod 601 for installing the planer is rotatably supported on the cutter shaft support 602. The cutter shaft support seat 602 is fixedly installed on the box of the cutter shaft drive variable speed motor 603. The cutter shaft rod 601 is connected to the output shaft of the cutter shaft drive variable speed motor 603 through a coupling; the cutter shaft drive variable speed motor 603 is a variable speed motor commonly used on woodworking planing and milling machines.

[0073] The cutter shaft 601 includes a core shaft section for mounting a planer cutter. This core shaft section is a conical cylindrical surface with a taper angle β = 4°, preferably β = 3°-5°. A planer cutter cover 608 is mounted on the front end of the core shaft section. Cover bolts 609 press the planer cutter cover 608 against the core shaft section for mounting the planer cutter. Twelve radial damping springs 605 are embedded in this core shaft section. These 12 radial damping springs 605 are located on three sections of the core shaft section of the cutter shaft 601. Each section has four spring mounting holes at two mutually perpendicular diameter ends, forming a pair-opposed structure. Each spring mounting hole is mounted with a radial damping spring 605, and a spring cap 604 is mounted on the outer end of each radial damping spring 605. The rear end of the core section of the blade shaft 601 forms a stage. An annular spring mounting hole is axially arranged on the blade limiting surface of this stage. An axial damping spring 607 is embedded in this hole. The outer end of axial damping spring 607 is padded with a spring gland 606, a circular gasket with a central hole. Both radial damping spring 605 and axial damping spring 607 are composed of stacked disc springs.

[0074] like Figure 8 As shown, a conical hole is provided at the center of the planer cover 608. The conical hole has a taper angle γ of 8°. This angle γ is greater than the taper angle β of the core section of the cutter shaft 601. This allows the planer cover 608 to be positioned on the cutter shaft 601 in a variable position to accommodate the installation of different planer cutter lengths.

[0075] like Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, the spring top cover 604 includes a guide rod portion at the lower end and a top cover portion. The guide rod portion is inserted into the core hole of the disc spring. The top cover portion is in the shape of a round cover. The top surface of the top cover portion is a conical surface. The cone angle of the conical cylinder where the conical surface is located is the same as the cone angle of the core shaft section of the knife shaft rod 601.

[0076] The first upper cutter shaft 11 , the second upper cutter shaft 12 and the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft 4 all adopt the same structure as the horizontal lower cutter shaft 6 .

[0077] like Figure 11 、 Figure 12 The front right vertical tool spindle 7 shown includes a vertical tool slide 703, which is slidably and adjustably mounted on the machine body 3. A vertical tool shaft rod 701 is rotatably supported on the vertical tool slide 703. A vertical tool motor 704 is fixedly mounted on the vertical tool slide 703, and the vertical tool shaft rod 701 is transmission-connected to the vertical tool motor 704 via a belt drive pair. The front left vertical tool spindle 8, rear right vertical tool spindle 9, and rear left vertical tool spindle 10 utilize the same structure as the front right vertical tool spindle 7, which is commonly used on woodworking planing and milling machines.

[0078] like Figure 13 、 Figure 14 The side pressure device 5 shown includes a side pressure bracket 504, which is fixedly mounted on the machine body 3 via a side pressure bracket seat 507. Seven side pressure roller swing arms 502 are hingedly supported on the side pressure bracket 504. Each side pressure roller swing arm 502 is hingedly supported on the side pressure bracket 504 via a corresponding swing arm pin 503. A side pressure roller 501 is rotatably mounted on the extended end of each side pressure roller swing arm 502, and the cross-section of each side pressure roller 501 is located on the side pressure surface of the wood. The piston rod of a side pressure cylinder 506 is in pressing contact with the extended end of the side pressure roller swing arm 502. The cylinder body of the side pressure cylinder 506 is mounted on the side pressure bracket 504. The pressing force of the side pressure cylinder 506 is applied to the planed wood through the side pressure roller swing arms 502 and the side pressure rollers 501. The other end of the side pressure wheel swing arm 502 is in contact with a swing arm adjusting bolt 505, which is screwed onto the side pressure bracket 504. By adjusting the swing arm adjusting bolt 505, the position of the side pressure wheel swing arm 502 and the side pressure wheel 501 thereon can be adjusted to meet the planing requirements of planing wood of different sizes.

[0079] like Figure 15 、 Figure 16 The feeding device shown in the figure includes a feeding beam 105, and a beam lifting guide rail 111 is fixedly connected to both ends of the horizontally arranged feeding beam 105. The beam lifting guide rail 111 is downwardly perpendicular to the feeding beam 105, and the beam lifting guide rail 111 can be lifted and slidably supported in the slide groove of the fuselage 3. A beam lifting transmission pair 112 is connected to the lower end of the beam lifting guide rail 111. The beam lifting transmission pair 112 is a screw and nut pair, whose screw and the sliding guide rail are fixedly connected to each other, and the nut is rotatably supported on the fuselage 3. The nut of each beam lifting transmission pair 112 is connected to the lifting transmission shaft through a worm gear pair, and the lifting transmission shaft is connected to the lifting motor 113 through a coupling. The lifting motor 113 is started to drive the beam lifting transmission pair 112 and the beam lifting guide rail 111. The beam lifting guide rail 111 can drive the feeding beam 105 to move up and down, thereby changing the spacing between the lower feed roller 109 and the upper feed roller 108 to meet the planing requirements of wood with different board thicknesses.

[0080] Fifteen sub-transmission boxes 102 are mounted on the feed beam 105. A forced feed motor 101 is connected to one end of a transmission shaft 103 passing through each sub-transmission box 102. The transmission shaft 103 is composed of five short shaft sections connected by a through-shaft coupling 104. Each sub-transmission box 102 is a bevel gear transmission box. The lower feed rollers 109 are connected to their corresponding sub-transmission boxes 102 via their corresponding lower feed roller drive shafts 106. Similarly, the upper feed rollers 108 are connected to their corresponding sub-transmission boxes 102 via their corresponding upper feed roller drive shafts 107. Both the upper feed roller drive shafts 107 and the lower feed roller drive shafts 106 are connected by cross-axis universal joints. Considering the installation space required for the transmission structure of the upper feed roller 108, a single upper feed roller drive shaft 107 can drive one, two, or three upper feed rollers 108. When a single upper feed roller drive shaft 107 drives two or three upper feed rollers 108, the two or three upper feed rollers 108 rotate synchronously via gear transmission. Therefore, in the above structure, each upper feed roller 108 is an active feed roller; accordingly, the lower feed roller 109 is also an active feed roller. A feed roller cylinder 121 is hingedly mounted on each upper feed roller 108 to individually control the feeding pressure of each upper feed roller 108.

[0081] like Figure 17 、 Figure 18 As shown, the lower feed roller 109 includes a feed roller core shaft 114, which is rotatably supported on the machine body 3 via a lower feed roller support 110. A feed roller shell 116 is spaced apart from the feed roller core shaft 114. Twelve radially arranged shock-absorbing springs 118 are embedded in the feed roller core shaft 114. These 12 shock-absorbing springs 118 are embedded in three sections of the feed roller core shaft 114. Four spring mounting holes are provided at two mutually perpendicular diametrical ends of each section, forming a pair-opposed structure. A shock-absorbing spring 118 is installed in each spring mounting hole, and a shock-absorbing top cover 117 is mounted on the outer end of the shock-absorbing spring 118. Feed roller end covers 115 are mounted at both ends of the feed roller shell 116 and are fixedly connected to the feed roller core shaft 114 via end cover bolts 119. Four tenons are provided on the feed roller end cover 115 , and the four tenons are inserted into the tenon grooves on the inner shell wall of the feed roller shell 116 .

[0082] like Figure 20 、 Figure 21 As shown, the shock-absorbing spring 118 adopts disc springs stacked on each other, the disc springs are embedded in the corresponding spring mounting holes, the guide column part of the shock-absorbing top cover 117 is inserted into the center hole of the disc spring, and the top of the shock-absorbing top cover 117 is a spherical crown part.

[0083] like Figure 22 、 Figure 23 and Figure 24As shown, the feed roller shell 116 is a cylindrical structure with four tongues and grooves on the inner shell wall at both ends of the feed roller shell 116. The center hole of the feed roller end cover 115 is sleeved on the feed roller core shaft 114 and is installed on the journal of the feed roller core shaft 114 via a transmission key. The outer periphery of the feed roller end cover 115 is provided with four tenons.

[0084] like Figure 25 、 Figure 26 The upper feed roller assembly shown in the figure includes three upper feed rollers 108. A feed roller shaft seat 122 is hingedly supported on both sides of an upper feed roller support 120 mounted on the machine body 3. Two upper feed roller core shafts 126 rotate on each feed roller shaft seat 122. One of the upper feed roller core shafts 126 is in transmission connection with the sub-transmission box 102 via a corresponding upper feed roller transmission shaft 107. Each upper feed roller 108 is rotatably supported on the upper feed roller core shafts 126. A feed roller cylinder 121 is hingedly supported between each feed roller shaft seat 122 and the upper feed roller support 120. A feed roller transmission box 123 is also supported on one of the upper feed roller core shafts 126, and a feed roller cylinder 121 is also hingedly supported between the feed roller transmission box 123 and the upper feed roller support 120. The feed roller transmission box 123 supports a shorter upper feed roller core shaft 126, and the shorter upper feed roller core shaft 126 rotatably supports another upper feed roller 108. The upper feed roller core shaft 126 and the shorter upper feed roller core shaft 126 rotate synchronously through gear mutual transmission.

[0085] like Figure 27 、 Figure 28 Another upper feed roller assembly structure shown in the figure includes two upper feed rollers 108. Feed roller shaft seats 122 are hingedly supported on both sides of an upper feed roller support 120 mounted on the machine body 3. A feed cylinder 121 is hingedly supported between the feed roller shaft seat 122 and the upper feed roller support 120. A feed roller core shaft 126 is rotatably supported on each feed roller shaft seat 122. The feed roller core shafts 126 are all connected to the sub-transmission box 102 through the corresponding upper feed roller transmission shaft 107.

[0086] like Figure 29 As shown, the sliding guide plate 13 and the forced feeding device 2 located at the front end (feeding end) of the working table of the fuselage 3 are arranged at intervals, and the sliding guide plate 13 and the forced feeding device 2 are respectively located on both sides of the wood feeding channel, and the sliding guide plate 13 is fixedly installed on the fuselage 3 through the guide plate pressing block 131.

[0087] like Figure 30 、 Figure 31The illustrated sliding guide plate is a long, strip-like structure. A sliding insert 134 is fixedly mounted in a groove on the guide surface of the sliding guide plate 13. The sliding insert 134 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or nylon, offering excellent wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction. The sliding guide plate 13 is also provided with several spaced-apart through slots, the number of which is determined by the length of the sliding guide plate. A non-return eccentric block 133 is movably mounted in the through slots of the sliding guide plate 13. The non-return eccentric block 133 is a sector-shaped eccentric block, with the center O1 of the arc on which its non-return surface lies spaced from the mounting pivot axis O2 of the non-return eccentric block 133, thereby forming an eccentric structure. A non-return insert 135, also made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or nylon, is mounted on the non-return surface of the non-return eccentric block 133. During the planing process, when the wood tends to move in the reverse direction due to the wood hitting or shaking, the anti-reverse eccentric block 133 prevents the wood from moving backward, thereby avoiding repeated planing to form a concave surface.

[0088] like Figure 32 The feeding device shown in the figure comprises a feeding slide plate 205, which is slidably mounted on a feeding support 214 via a sliding guide rail, and the feeding support 214 is fixedly mounted on the fuselage 3. A sliding screw pair 206 is also installed between the feeding slide plate 205 and the feeding support 214.

[0089] like Figure 33 、 Figure 34As shown, three feeding roller swing arms 202 are hingedly supported at the front end of the feeding slide plate 205. A feeding roller 204 and a feeding sprocket 207 are coaxially rotatably supported at the swinging ends of the feeding roller swing arms 202. The feeding roller 204 and the feeding sprocket 207 are fixedly connected to each other. The piston rod end of a swing arm cylinder 203 is hingedly connected to the hinge axis of the feeding roller 204 and the feeding sprocket 207. The cylinder body of the swing arm cylinder 203 is hingedly supported on the feeding slide plate 205. Four guide sprockets 208 are also rotatably supported on the lower plate surface of the feeding slide plate 205. A tensioning wheel swing arm 210 is also swingably supported on the lower plate surface of the feeding slide plate 205. A tensioning wheel swing arm 210 is rotatably supported at the swinging end of the tensioning wheel swing arm 210. A tensioning sprocket 209 is rotatably supported. A tensioning cylinder 211 is hingedly supported between the tensioning wheel swing arm 210 and the feeding slide plate 205. A feeding drive motor 201 is mounted on the feeding slide plate 205. A motor sprocket 212 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the feeding drive motor 201. A chain 213 is wound around the motor sprocket 212, passing through a feeding sprocket 207, four guide sprockets 208, and a tensioning sprocket 209. The motor sprocket 212 of the feeding drive motor 201, through the chain 213 and the feeding sprocket 207, drags the feeding pressure wheel 204 in rotation. Because the surface of the feed wood is rough, the feeding pressure wheel 204 is rotatably supported on the end of the feeding pressure wheel swing arm 202, allowing it to follow the unevenness of the wood surface. This ensures that the feeding pressure wheel 204 has sufficient propulsion force without damaging the wood surface. The tensioning sprocket 209, rotatably supported on the tensioning wheel swing arm 210, ensures that the chain 213 maintains stable tension.

[0090] The above are some preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still improve and replace the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments. Without violating the spirit and principles of the present invention, these replacements and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed short-material four-sided planer and milling machine, comprising a machine body (3), and a feeding device (1) mounted on the machine body (3), wherein the feeding device (1) comprises a plurality of upper feeding rollers (108) and a plurality of lower feeding rollers (109), and a sliding guide plate (13) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the working table of the machine body (3), characterized in that: The front end of the work table of the machine body (3) is provided with an inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft (4) and a horizontal lower cutter shaft (6) at intervals, and the inclined angle α between the inclined horizontal lower cutter shaft (4) and the horizontal lower cutter shaft (6) is 25°-40°; A first upper cutter shaft (11) and a second upper cutter shaft (12) are arranged above the rear end of the work surface of the machine body (3), and the first upper cutter shaft (11), the second upper cutter shaft (12) and the horizontal lower cutter shaft (6) are parallel to each other in space; a front right vertical cutter shaft (7), a front left vertical cutter shaft (8), a rear right vertical cutter shaft (9) and a rear left vertical cutter shaft (10) are vertically arranged in the middle of the work surface of the machine body (3); The upper feeding roller (108) and the lower feeding roller (109) are both active feeding rollers, the tangential feeding speeds of the upper feeding roller (108) and the lower feeding roller (109) are equal, and the spacing a between the two adjacent upper feeding rollers (108) at the front side end of the rear left cutter shaft (10) is 120mm-160mm; A feeding device (2) is installed at the feeding end of the working table of the machine body (3), and the feeding device (2) and the sliding guide plate (13) are arranged at a distance from each other.

2. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planes on which the inclined horizontal lower knife shaft (4) and the horizontal lower knife shaft (6) are located are parallel to the planes on which the first upper knife shaft (11) and the second upper knife shaft (12) are located; the inclined horizontal lower knife shaft (4), the horizontal lower knife shaft (6), the front right vertical knife shaft (7), the front left vertical knife shaft (8), the rear right vertical knife shaft (9), the rear left vertical knife shaft (10), the first upper knife shaft (11) and the second upper knife shaft (12) are all driven by corresponding knife shaft motors.

3. The high-speed short material four-sided planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal lower blade shaft (6) comprises a blade shaft rod (601), and a radial damping spring (605) and a spring top cover (604) are radially embedded in the blade shaft rod (601), and the spring top cover (604) is located on the outer end side of the radial damping spring (605).

4. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner end of the horizontal cutter shaft (6) is also embedded with an axial shock-absorbing spring (607), and the outer end of the horizontal cutter shaft (6) is sheathed with a planer pressure cover (608).

5. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The knife shaft rod (601) is a conical shaft rod, and the conical angle β of the conical shaft rod is 4°-6°; the planer cover (608) is provided with a conical hole for passing the knife shaft rod (601), and the conical angle γ of the conical hole is greater than β.

6. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Four pairs of radial damping springs (605) and spring top covers (604) are embedded on the same cross section of the knife shaft rod (601), and each radial damping spring (605) corresponds to a spring top cover (604).

7. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The radial shock-absorbing spring (605) and the axial shock-absorbing spring (607) are both disc springs; the first upper knife shaft (11), the second upper knife shaft (12), the inclined horizontal lower knife shaft (4) and the horizontal lower knife shaft (6) adopt the same structure.

8. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side pressure device (5) is also installed on the working table of the machine body (3), and the front right vertical knife shaft (7) and the rear right vertical knife shaft (9) are respectively spaced apart and correspond to a side pressure device (5).

9. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side pressure device (5) comprises a side pressure bracket (504) fixedly mounted on the fuselage (3); a plurality of side pressure wheel swing arms (502) are hingedly supported on the side pressure bracket (504); a side pressure wheel (501) is rotatably mounted on the outwardly extending end of each side pressure wheel swing arm (502); and a side pressure cylinder (506) is abutted against the end of the side pressure wheel swing arm (502); and the side pressure cylinder (506) is mounted on the side pressure bracket (504).

10. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (1) comprises a feeding beam (105) and a transmission shaft (103); the transmission shaft (103) rotatably mounted on the feeding beam (105) is transmission-connected to a forced feeding motor (101); the upper feeding roller (108) is transmission-connected to the transmission shaft (103) via a corresponding upper feeding roller transmission shaft (107) and a sub-transmission box (102); the lower feeding roller (108) is also transmission-connected to the transmission shaft (103) via a corresponding lower feeding roller transmission shaft (106) and a sub-transmission box (102); and each of the upper feeding rollers (108) corresponds to a feeding roller cylinder (121).

11. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that: The lower feed roller (109) is rotatably supported on the machine body (3) via a lower feed roller support (110); the lower feed roller (109) includes a feed roller core shaft (114), a feed roller shell (116) is spaced apart on the feed roller core shaft (114), and a shock-absorbing spring (118) and a shock-absorbing top cover (117) are provided between the feed roller shell (116) and the feed roller core shaft (114).

12. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 11, characterized in that: Four damping springs (118) are embedded on the same cross section of the feed roller core shaft (114). The damping springs (118) are arranged opposite to each other in pairs. The damping springs (118) contact the inner wall of the feed roller shell (116) through the damping top cover (117). The top surface of the damping top cover (117) is a spherical crown surface, and the damping springs (118) are disc springs.

13. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding insert (134) is embedded on the guide surface of the sliding guide plate (13), and a non-return eccentric block (133) is movably provided on the sliding guide plate (13), and a non-return insert (135) is embedded on the non-return surface of the non-return eccentric block (133); the non-return eccentric block (133) passes through the sliding guide plate (13) and is hinged to the machine body (3).

14. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (2) comprises a feeding sliding plate (205), a feeding pressure wheel swing arm (202) is hingedly supported on the feeding sliding plate (205), a feeding pressure wheel (204) is rotatably supported at the outwardly extending end of the feeding pressure wheel arm (202), and a feeding sprocket (207) is fixedly mounted on the feeding pressure wheel (204); and a swing arm cylinder (203) is provided between the outwardly extending end of the feeding pressure wheel swing arm (202) and the feeding sliding plate (205).

15. The high-speed short material four-side planer and milling machine according to claim 14, characterized in that: The feeding sprocket (207) is connected to the motor sprocket (212) through a chain (213). A tensioning sprocket (209) is also engaged with the chain (213). The tensioning sprocket (209) is rotatably supported on the outward-extending end of a tensioning wheel swing arm (210). The tensioning wheel swing arm (210) is hinged on the feeding sliding plate (205). A tensioning cylinder (211) is provided between the outward-extending end of the tensioning wheel swing arm (210) and the feeding sliding plate (205).

Images