River channel desilting device and method for water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dredging devices, in particular to a river channel dredging device and method for hydraulic engineering. Comprising a fixing frame, the fixing frame is provided with a multi-beam depth finder, a microcontroller and an angle-adjustable carrying frame, the carrying frame is provided with a double-shaft motion platform, the double-shaft motion platform is connected with a desilting frame capable of synchronously horizontally and vertically reciprocating, and the microcontroller is in data connection with the multi-beam depth finder and adjusts the reciprocating frequency and the reciprocating stroke of the desilting frame. A bidirectional buffering anti-collision mechanism is installed on the desilting frame and connected with a positioning seat. The device has the advantages that through linkage of the multi-beam depth finder, the microcontroller and the double-axis motion platform, the problem that a traditional device lacks real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment is solved, the multi-beam depth finder captures sludge thickness distribution, river bottom terrain and obstacle positions in real time, and after data is directly transmitted to the microcontroller, real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment are achieved. And the horizontal and vertical reciprocating frequency and stroke of the desilting frame can be accurately adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of silt clearing devices, and in particular to a river channel silt clearing device and method for water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] In the field of water conservancy projects, river dredging is a crucial operation to ensure the river's flood discharge capacity, improve water quality, and maintain the safety of water conservancy facilities. Currently, traditional river dredging equipment has many technical limitations, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: Existing devices lack the ability to monitor and dynamically adjust the thickness distribution and terrain contours of river silt in real time. Dredging operations rely on manual experience and judgment, which can easily cause equipment loss or even safety accidents due to uneven silt thickness or hidden obstacles. During the dredging process, large pieces of silt or impurities can easily block the transportation channel, and the silt has a high water content, which directly affects the transportation efficiency. At the same time, traditional devices lack graded crushing and dehydration functions, resulting in increased subsequent silt transportation costs and great difficulty in handling. The horizontal and vertical movements of existing dredging devices are independent of each other, making it difficult to achieve synchronous linkage, resulting in limited dredging range and uneven coverage. At the same time, the movement frequency and stroke are fixed, and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of the silt, limiting applicability. At the same time, since unknown obstacles often exist at the bottom of the river, existing devices lack effective buffer protection structures, and dredging components are prone to mechanical damage after collision, increasing maintenance costs and the risk of operation interruption.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention provides a river channel dredging device and method for water conservancy projects to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a river dredging device and method for water conservancy projects to solve the problems that the existing dredging devices have fixed movement frequency and stroke, cannot be dynamically adjusted according to silt characteristics, and have limited applicability.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a river dredging device for water conservancy projects, comprising a fixed frame, a multi-beam depth sounder, a microcontroller and an angle-adjustable carrier mounted on the fixed frame, a biaxial motion platform mounted on the carrier, a biaxial motion platform connected to a dredging frame capable of synchronous horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement, a microcontroller connected to the multi-beam depth sounder data and adjusting the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the dredging frame, a bidirectional buffering and anti-collision mechanism mounted on the dredging frame, a positioning seat connected to the bidirectional buffering and anti-collision mechanism, a silt conveying cylinder rotatably mounted on the positioning seat, the bottom end of the silt conveying cylinder being connected to a filter mud net cylinder, the silt conveying cylinder A spiral mud collecting blade is installed on the top, and a conveying shaft is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the silt conveying cylinder, and a spiral lifting blade is installed on the conveying shaft, and drainage holes are evenly distributed on the spiral lifting blade. An inner shaft is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the conveying shaft, and a rotating seat is installed at the bottom end of the inner shaft. A group of crushing plates are installed on the rotating seat and corresponding to the position outside the filter mud mesh cylinder, and a group of crushing knives are installed on each crushing plate. A mud discharge cylinder is fixed on the positioning seat, and the mud discharge cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the silt conveying cylinder. A transmission motor is installed on the mud discharge cylinder, and three synchronous belts are connected to the output shaft end of the transmission motor. The three synchronous belts are respectively connected to the silt conveying cylinder, the conveying shaft and the inner shaft for transmission, and a mud discharge assembly is provided on the mud discharge cylinder.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention solves the problem of traditional devices lacking real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment through the linkage of a multi-beam echo sounder, a microcontroller and a dual-axis motion platform. The multi-beam echo sounder captures the silt thickness distribution, riverbed topography and obstacle location in real time. After the data is directly transmitted to the microcontroller, the horizontal and vertical reciprocating frequency and stroke of the dredging frame can be accurately adjusted. In areas with thick silt, the stroke is automatically increased and the frequency is reduced to ensure thorough dredging. When encountering obstacles, the range is immediately narrowed to avoid collision. This closed-loop coordination of monitoring, analysis, adjustment and operation replaces the traditional extensive mode that relies on manual judgment. It not only greatly reduces the risk of equipment loss, but also eliminates safety accidents caused by misoperation, realizing a qualitative change in dredging operations from experience-driven to data-driven.

[0007] 2. The present invention has designed a four-stage linkage mechanism of crushing, sludge collection, filtration and dehydration. The inner shaft drives the crushing plate and crushing knife to rotate at the highest speed, giving priority to crushing large impurities. The spiral sludge collection blades of the silt conveying cylinder simultaneously gather the fine silt to the filter mud net cylinder, and complete the preliminary filtration through the large-aperture filter mud holes. The spiral lifting blades of the conveying shaft convey the silt upward at double the speed, and the drainage holes on its surface drain water simultaneously to achieve the coordinated dehydration and transportation. This speed difference design of graded treatment not only avoids the risk of blockage, but also significantly reduces the water content of the silt. Compared with traditional devices, the transportation efficiency is improved, and the subsequent transportation and processing costs are greatly reduced.

[0008] 3. The present invention achieves a creative breakthrough in motion coordination through the unique design of a dual-axis motion platform. The conical semi-cam is linked with the hexagonal shaft, and the vertical reciprocating frequency can be flexibly adjusted in conjunction with the linear transmission module. The synchronous transmission module converts the vertical motion into horizontal synchronous movement of the dredging frame through a toothed belt and a reciprocating screw, forming a three-dimensional operating trajectory of vertical deep drilling and horizontal sweeping. This linkage not only expands the dredging range, but also enables real-time adjustment of motion parameters through a microcontroller. For thin and soft silt, high-frequency and small strokes are used to avoid diffusion, and for compacted silt, low-frequency and large strokes are used to enhance disturbance. This solves the problems of fixed parameters and poor applicability of traditional devices, and achieves precise adaptation to silts with different characteristics.

[0009] 4. The present invention forms an elastic linkage between the bidirectional buffer and anti-collision mechanism, the dredging frame, and the positioning seat. When the positioning seat collides with an obstacle, the two sets of T-shaped buffer rods slide along the dredging frame, and the buffer spring absorbs the impact force through compression to prevent core components such as the silt conveying tube and the crushing knife from being directly subjected to force. After the collision, the spring resets and drives the positioning seat back to the operating position to ensure operation continuity. Compared with traditional unprotected or one-way buffer structures, this instant response mechanism of buffering and resetting can reduce collision damage by more than 80%, significantly reduce maintenance costs and the probability of operation interruption, and achieve a qualitative leap in the adaptability of the device in complex riverbed environments.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, two symmetrically arranged arm-adjusting push rods are hinged between the fixing frame and the carrier frame, and a plurality of regularly distributed positioning and mounting holes are opened on the fixing frame.

[0012] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the dual-axis motion platform includes a hexagonal shaft rotatably connected to the carrier and a linear transmission module installed on the carrier, the carrier is installed with a servo motor, the output shaft end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the hexagonal shaft, the linear transmission module is transmission-connected with a frequency modulation frame, the frequency modulation frame is slidably connected to the carrier, a conical semi-cam is rotatably installed on the frequency modulation frame, the conical semi-cam is linked to the hexagonal shaft, the carrier is slidably connected with a vertical reciprocating frame, two return springs are installed on the bottom surface of the vertical reciprocating frame, the other ends of the two return springs are fixedly connected to the carrier, the vertical reciprocating frame is slidably connected with a guide frame, the guide frame and the conical semi-cam are frictionally transmitted, a group of elastic connecting parts are installed between the guide frame and the vertical reciprocating frame, the dredging frame is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame, and a synchronous transmission module is installed between the vertical reciprocating frame and the dredging frame.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the central angle of the conical half cam is 180°, the longitudinal cross-section of the conical half cam is an isosceles trapezoid, the surfaces of the conical half cam and the guide frame are both provided with knurling patterns, the axial position of the conical half cam is fixed with a square groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the hexagonal shaft, and the cross-sections of the square groove and the hexagonal shaft are both regular hexagons.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the elastic connecting member includes a T-shaped guide rod installed on the guide frame, the T-shaped guide rod is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame, and a limit spring is provided on the T-shaped guide rod and at a position corresponding to the position between the guide frame and the vertical reciprocating frame, and the axis of the T-shaped guide rod is perpendicular to the axis of the hexagonal axis.

[0015] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the synchronous transmission module includes a synchronous gear plate installed on the vertical reciprocating frame, a gear shaft is rotatably installed on the carrier, a synchronous gear meshing with the synchronous gear plate is installed on the gear shaft, a tensioning seat is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame, a tensioning spring limited by the vertical reciprocating frame is installed on the side of the tensioning seat, a tensioning wheel is rotatably installed on the tensioning seat, two reciprocating screws are rotatably installed on the vertical reciprocating frame, and the tensioning wheel is connected to the first toothed belt for transmission, one of the reciprocating screws and the gear shaft are both connected to the first toothed belt for transmission, a second toothed belt is connected between the two reciprocating screws for transmission, and the two reciprocating screws are both connected to the dredging frame for transmission.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bidirectional buffer and anti-collision mechanism includes two groups of T-shaped buffer rods, which are respectively installed on the two sides of the dredging frame. The two groups of T-shaped buffer rods are both slidably connected to the positioning seat, and a buffer spring is provided on each T-shaped buffer rod and at the position corresponding to the position between the dredging frame and the positioning seat.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mud discharge assembly includes a mud suction pump installed on a fixed frame, the mud suction port of the mud suction pump is connected to a negative pressure hose, the other end of the negative pressure hose is connected to the inner cavity of the mud discharge barrel, and a group of mud discharge ports distributed in a circular array are opened on the mud conveying barrel and at a position corresponding to the inner side of the mud discharge barrel.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the filter mud mesh cylinder is evenly distributed with filter mud holes, the axis of the filter mud hole is perpendicular to the axis of the silt conveying cylinder, the axis of the drainage hole is parallel to the axis of the filter mud mesh cylinder, and the radius of the filter mud hole is 5 to 7 times the radius of the drainage hole. When the transmission motor is working, the speed ratio of the silt conveying cylinder, the conveying shaft and the inner shaft is 1:2:4.

[0019] A dredging method for a river channel dredging device for a water conservancy project comprises the following steps: SS01, Equipment Installation and Initialization: Fix the device to the load hull through the positioning mounting holes on the fixing frame. The load hull provides the power source and the power source. The arm push rod is extended and retracted to adjust the tilt angle of the carrier so that the dredging component adapts to the river terrain. SS02, river channel monitoring, the multi-beam echo sounder is activated to monitor the silt thickness distribution, the river bottom terrain contour and the location of large obstacles on the river bottom, and feed the data back to the microcontroller in real time; SS03, parameter adjustment: the microcontroller adjusts the dual-axis motion platform based on the feedback data from the multi-beam echo sounder to control the horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement frequency and stroke of the dredging frame; SS04, silt removal operation starts, the transmission motor works, and drives the silt conveying barrel, conveying shaft and inner shaft to rotate at a speed ratio of 1:2:4 through three synchronous belts. The inner shaft drives the crushing plate and crushing knife to rotate and crush large pieces of silt or impurities; SS05, sludge collection and preliminary filtration: The spiral sludge collecting blades on the sludge conveying cylinder rotate with the sludge conveying cylinder, stirring the crushed sludge into the sludge filter cylinder, and the sludge filter holes on the sludge filter cylinder perform preliminary filtration on the sludge; SS06, sludge conveying and dehydration, the spiral lifting blades on the conveying shaft transport the sludge in the filter cylinder upward, and the drain holes on the spiral lifting blades simultaneously drain the water in the sludge; SS07, sludge discharge, the dehydrated sludge enters the sludge discharge tube through the sludge discharge port on the sludge conveying tube, the sludge suction pump generates negative pressure, and the sludge in the sludge discharge tube is sucked in through the negative pressure hose and transported to the holding tank on the load hull. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a river channel desilting device used in water conservancy projects; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-beam echo sounder and the transmission motor; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the carrier and the dredging frame; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the frequency modulation frame and linear transmission module; Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the conical half cam and the guide frame.

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows: 1. Fixed frame; 2. Multi-beam echo sounder; 3. Microcontroller; 4. Carrier; 5. Dredging frame; 6. Positioning seat; 7. Silt conveying cylinder; 8. Mud filter cylinder; 9. Spiral mud collecting blade; 10. Conveying shaft; 11. Spiral lifting blade; 12. Drain hole; 13. Inner shaft; 14. Rotary seat; 15. Crushing plate; 16. Crushing knife; 17. Mud discharge cylinder; 18. Transmission motor; 19. Adjustable arm push rod; 20. Hexagonal shaft; 21. Linear transmission module ; 22. Servo motor; 23. Frequency modulation frame; 24. Conical semi-cam; 25. Vertical reciprocating frame; 26. Return spring; 27. Guide frame; 28. Elastic connector; 29. ​​Synchronous gear plate; 30. Gear shaft; 31. Synchronous gear; 32. Tensioning seat; 33. Tensioning spring; 34. Tensioning pulley; 35. Reciprocating screw; 36. T-shaped buffer rod; 37. Mud suction pump; 38. Negative pressure hose; 39. Mud discharge port; 40. Buffer spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention provides the following preferred embodiments like Figure 1-8 As shown, a river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects includes a fixing frame 1 on which a multi-beam depth sounder 2 and a microcontroller 3 are mounted; Microcontroller 3 has a built-in PID algorithm module for dynamically adjusting the control parameters of the dual-axis motion platform; An angle-adjustable carrier 4 is mounted on the fixed frame 1, and a biaxial motion platform is mounted on the carrier 4; Two symmetrically arranged arm adjustment push rods 19 are hinged between the fixing frame 1 and the carrier frame 4. The fixing frame 1 is provided with a plurality of regularly distributed positioning and mounting holes. By setting the positioning mounting holes, the fixing frame 1 is fixed on the designated load hull; The load-carrying vessel moves along the designated desilting track of the river. A silt storage compartment is fixedly installed on the load-carrying vessel, which can be lifted by external lifting equipment to quickly discharge the silt. At the same time, the load hull is used to provide the dredging device with a power source and a power source; When the arm push rod 19 is extended or retracted, it can drive the carrier 4 to rotate around the hinge point with the fixed frame 1, and flexibly adjust the tilt angle of the carrier 4. This solution solves the problems of poor installation adaptability of traditional dredging devices and difficulty in adapting to complex river terrain with fixed angles. It realizes rapid adaptation and installation of the device and the hull, and can make the dredging components fit more closely to the silt layer through angle adjustment, thereby improving the flexibility and pertinence of dredging operations. A desilting frame 5 capable of synchronous horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement is connected to the dual-axis motion platform. The microcontroller 3 is connected to the multi-beam echo sounder 2 for data and adjusts the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the desilting frame 5. Multibeam echo sounder 2 is used to monitor the silt thickness distribution, river bottom topography contours and the location of large river bottom obstacles; The data monitored by the multi-beam echo sounder 2 is fed back to the microcontroller 3 in real time. The microcontroller 3 adjusts the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the dredging frame 5 according to the data feedback of the multi-beam echo sounder 2. The multi-beam echo sounder 2 can be customized or selected according to the needs of the poem; This solution solves the problems of traditional dredging equipment, such as high blindness in operation, low efficiency and even equipment damage caused by uneven silt thickness or obstacles. It realizes intelligent adaptation of dredging operations, significantly improving operation efficiency and equipment safety. The dual-axis motion platform includes a hexagonal shaft 20 rotatably connected to the carrier 4 and a linear transmission module 21 mounted on the carrier 4. A servo motor 22 is mounted on the carrier 4, and the output shaft end of the servo motor 22 is fixedly connected to the hexagonal shaft 20. The linear transmission module 21 is transmission-connected to a frequency modulation frame 23, which is slidably connected to the carrier 4. A conical half cam 24 is rotatably mounted on the frequency modulation frame 23, and the conical half cam 24 is linked to the hexagonal shaft 20. The conical half cam 24 is fixed at an axis position and has a square groove with two ends open and slidably connected to the hexagonal shaft 20. The cross sections of the square groove and the hexagonal shaft 20 are both regular hexagons. A vertical reciprocating frame 25 is slidably connected to the carrier 4. Two return springs 26 are installed on the bottom surface of the vertical reciprocating frame 25. The other ends of the two return springs 26 are fixedly connected to the carrier 4. A guide frame 27 is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame 25. The guide frame 27 and the conical semi-cam 24 are frictionally driven. A set of elastic connecting members 28 are installed between the guide frame 27 and the vertical reciprocating frame 25. The servo motor 22 drives the hexagonal shaft 20 to rotate, and the conical half cam 24 rotates synchronously with the hexagonal shaft 20; The linear transmission module 21 drives the frequency modulation frame 23 to slide, changing the contact position between the conical half cam 24 and the guide frame 27; The conical half cam 24 synchronously drives the guide frame 27 to move through friction, thereby pushing the vertical reciprocating frame 25 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 26 and move up and down, thereby realizing the vertical reciprocating motion of the dredging frame 5; This solution solves the problems of limited desilting range and inconvenient frequency adjustment in traditional single-axis motion. The creative design of the conical half cam 24 and the combination of the hexagonal shaft 20 enable flexible adjustment of the vertical reciprocating motion frequency. The 180° central angle and knurling pattern design ensure the stability and continuity of the transmission, thus expanding the desilting coverage. The central angle of the conical half cam 24 is 180°, the longitudinal cross section of the conical half cam 24 is an isosceles trapezoid, and the surfaces of the conical half cam 24 and the guide frame 27 are both provided with knurling patterns.

[0024] The elastic connecting member 28 includes a T-shaped guide rod mounted on the guide frame 27. The T-shaped guide rod is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame 25. A limit spring is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rod at a position corresponding to the position between the guide frame 27 and the vertical reciprocating frame 25. The axis of the T-shaped guide rod is perpendicular to the axis of the hexagonal shaft 20. When the guide frame 27 rotates with the conical half cam 24, the T-shaped guide rod slides along the vertical reciprocating frame 25, and the limit spring generates elastic force by expansion and contraction, always pressing the guide frame 27 against the surface of the conical half cam 24; This solution solves the problem that the conical half cam 24 and the guide frame 27 are easily separated due to changes in the motion trajectory and the transmission gap causes unstable movement. It creatively ensures close contact between the two through elastic preload, reduces transmission impact and wear, extends the service life of components, and at the same time ensures the smooth movement of the vertical reciprocating frame 25.

[0025] The desilting frame 5 is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame 25, and a synchronous transmission module is installed between the vertical reciprocating frame 25 and the desilting frame 5; The synchronous transmission module includes a synchronous gear plate 29 mounted on the vertical reciprocating frame 25, a gear shaft 30 is rotatably mounted on the carrier 4, a synchronous gear 31 meshing with the synchronous gear plate 29 is mounted on the gear shaft 30, a tensioning seat 32 is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame 25, a tensioning spring 33 limited by the vertical reciprocating frame 25 is mounted on the side of the tensioning seat 32, a tensioning wheel 34 is rotatably mounted on the tensioning seat 32, two reciprocating screw rods 35 are rotatably mounted on the vertical reciprocating frame 25, a first toothed belt is connected to the tensioning wheel 34, a reciprocating screw rod 35 and the gear shaft 30 are both connected to the first toothed belt, a second toothed belt is connected between the two reciprocating screw rods 35, and the two reciprocating screw rods 35 are both connected to the dredging frame 5; When the vertical reciprocating frame 25 moves up and down, the synchronous gear plate 29 drives the synchronous gear 31 and the gear shaft 30 to rotate; the gear shaft 30 drives one reciprocating screw 35 to rotate through the first toothed belt, and the other reciprocating screw 35 rotates synchronously with it through the second toothed belt; The reciprocating screw 35 drives the dredging frame 5 to slide horizontally along the vertical reciprocating frame 25, realizing synchronous linkage of horizontal and vertical motion; This solution solves the problem of uneven dredging caused by the asynchronous horizontal and vertical movement of the traditional dredging frame 5. Through the toothed belt drive and tensioning structure, precise synchronization of dual-axis movement is achieved, allowing the dredging frame 5 to complete horizontal sweeping while moving vertically, greatly improving the uniformity and efficiency of dredging operations. The dual-axis motion platform can achieve all-round coverage of the river bottom in both plane and three-dimensional form through horizontal stroke adjustment combined with vertical depth adjustment; Compared with fixed-track dredging equipment, it can accurately match the dredging needs of different areas based on the three-dimensional silt distribution map, avoiding missed or repeated operations and improving the dredging coverage rate; The adjustable frequency of the dual-axis motion platform enables the equipment to cope with different silt characteristics: for highly viscous silt, low frequency and large stroke are used to reduce the silt's adhesion resistance to the silt removal barrel. For highly fluid and soft silt, high frequency and small stroke are switched to prevent secondary diffusion of silt through high-frequency disturbance, thereby improving collection efficiency. This dynamic adaptability enables the equipment to simultaneously process multiple silt types in a single river channel. A bidirectional buffer and anti-collision mechanism is installed on the dredging frame 5, and a positioning seat 6 is connected to the bidirectional buffer and anti-collision mechanism; The bidirectional buffer anti-collision mechanism includes two sets of T-shaped buffer rods 36, which are respectively installed on the two sides of the dredging frame 5. The two sets of T-shaped buffer rods 36 are slidably connected to the positioning seat 6. A buffer spring 40 is sleeved on each T-shaped buffer rod 36 and corresponds to the position between the dredging frame 5 and the positioning seat 6. When the positioning seat 6 collides with a riverbed obstacle, the impact force of the obstacle on the positioning seat 6 causes the T-shaped buffer rod 36 to slide along the dredging frame 5, and the buffer spring 40 is compressed to absorb the impact force; After the collision, the buffer spring 40 resets and drives the positioning seat 6 back to the initial position; This solution solves the problem of silt removal components being easily damaged by collisions with obstacles. It creatively absorbs collision forces in the front, back, left, and right directions through a bidirectional buffer structure, effectively protecting the silt conveying cylinder 7 and crushing blade 16, and improving the adaptability of the device in complex riverbed environments. A silt conveying cylinder 7 is rotatably mounted on the positioning seat 6, and the bottom end of the silt conveying cylinder 7 is connected to a filter mud net cylinder 8. A spiral mud collecting blade 9 is installed on the silt conveying cylinder 7. A conveying shaft 10 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the silt conveying cylinder 7, and a spiral lifting blade 11 is installed on the conveying shaft 10. The spiral lifting blade 11 is evenly distributed with drainage holes 12. An inner shaft 13 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the conveying shaft 10, and a rotary seat 14 is installed at the bottom end of the inner shaft 13. A group of crushing plates 15 are installed on the rotary seat 14 and at a position corresponding to the outer side of the filter mud net cylinder 8, and each crushing plate 15 is installed with a group of crushing knives 16; The crushing blade 16 is made of high carbon steel; A mud discharge tube 17 is fixedly provided on the positioning seat 6, and the mud discharge tube 17 is rotatably sleeved on the silt conveying tube 7. A transmission motor 18 is installed on the mud discharge tube 17, and the output shaft end of the transmission motor 18 is connected to three synchronous belts. The three synchronous belts are respectively connected to the silt conveying tube 7, the conveying shaft 10 and the inner shaft 13 for transmission. A mud discharge assembly is provided on the mud discharge tube 17.

[0026] The filter mud net cylinder 8 is evenly distributed with filter mud holes, the axis of the filter mud hole is perpendicular to the axis of the silt conveying cylinder 7, and the axis of the drainage hole 12 is parallel to the axis of the filter mud net cylinder 8; Preferably, the radius of the filter mud hole is 6 times the radius of the drain hole 12. When the transmission motor 18 is working, the speed ratio of the silt conveying cylinder 7, the conveying shaft 10 and the inner shaft 13 is 1:2:4; The mud discharge assembly includes a mud suction pump 37 installed on the fixed frame 1. The mud suction port of the mud suction pump 37 is connected to a negative pressure hose 38. The other end of the negative pressure hose 38 is connected to the inner cavity of the mud discharge barrel 17. A group of mud discharge ports 39 distributed in a circular array are opened on the silt conveying barrel 7 and at a position corresponding to the inner side of the mud discharge barrel 17.

[0027] The transmission motor 18 drives the silt conveying cylinder 7, the conveying shaft 10, and the inner shaft 13 through three synchronous belts at a speed ratio of 1:2:4; The inner shaft 13 drives the crushing plate 15 and the crushing knife 16 to rotate at high speed to crush large pieces of silt or impurities; The spiral mud collecting blades 9 of the silt conveying cylinder 7 rotate with it, stirring the crushed silt into the mud filter cylinder 8, and the mud filter holes initially filter out large impurities; The spiral lifting blades 11 of the conveying shaft 10 transport the sludge upward, and the drain holes 12 drain the water simultaneously; Finally, the sludge enters the mud discharge tube 17 through the mud discharge port 39; This solution solves the problems of difficult silt transportation and low transportation efficiency caused by high water content in traditional dredging. Through the three-stage speed difference design and graded filtration and drainage structure, it achieves efficient silt crushing, dehydration and transportation, significantly reducing the silt transportation weight and improving operation efficiency. The dredge pump 37 generates negative pressure when it works, and sucks the sludge in the sludge discharge tube 17 through the negative pressure hose 38 and transports it to the hull compartment; The mud discharge ports 39 of the silt delivery tube 7 are distributed in a circular array to ensure that the silt enters the mud discharge tube 17 evenly; As the silt conveying cylinder 7 rotates, the spiral mud collecting blades 9 rotate synchronously at a certain speed. The spiral structure of the blades generates shear force and thrust on the silt layer around the filter sludge net cylinder 8, breaking up and loosening the compacted silt blocks, making it easier for them to enter the filter sludge net cylinder 8. This is especially true for silt with high viscosity or containing a lot of impurities, which can reduce the problem of filter pore blockage caused by silt agglomeration; The spiral angle of the spiral mud collecting blade 9 is designed so that the scattered silt around it can be gathered to the bottom of the filter silt net 8 during the rotation process, thereby increasing the probability of silt entering the filter silt holes, enhancing the collection efficiency of silt in the target area, and preventing silt from spreading to the surrounding areas during the silt removal process; In conjunction with the dual-axis motion platform driving the horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement of the dredging frame 5, the rotation of the spiral mud collecting blades 9 can expand the disturbance range of the riverbed silt, allowing the device to cover a larger dredging area per unit time, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency.

[0028] When the inner shaft 13 drives the crushing plate 15 and the crushing knife 16 to crush large impurities or hard silt, the spiral mud collecting blade 9 can guide the crushed fine particles to the filter mud net 8 in time, forming a continuous operation process of crushing, gathering and conveying, reducing the secondary deposition of impurities after crushing; A dredging method for a river channel dredging device for a water conservancy project comprises the following steps: SS01, Equipment Installation and Initialization: Fix the device to the load hull through the positioning and mounting holes on the fixing frame 1. The load hull provides the power source and the power source. The adjusting arm push rod 19 is telescopic to adjust the tilt angle of the carrier 4 so that the dredging component adapts to the river terrain. SS02, river channel monitoring, the multi-beam echo sounder 2 is activated to monitor the silt thickness distribution, the river bottom topography contour and the location of large obstacles on the river bottom, and feed the data back to the microcontroller 3 in real time; SS03, parameter adjustment, the microcontroller 3 adjusts the dual-axis motion platform according to the feedback data of the multi-beam echo sounder 2 to control the horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement frequency and stroke of the dredging frame 5; SS04, silt removal operation starts, the transmission motor 18 works, and drives the silt conveying barrel 7, conveying shaft 10 and inner shaft 13 to rotate at a speed ratio of 1:2:4 through three synchronous belts. The inner shaft 13 drives the crushing plate 15 and crushing knife 16 to rotate, crushing large pieces of silt or impurities; SS05, sludge collection and preliminary filtration, the spiral sludge collecting blades 9 on the sludge conveying cylinder 7 rotate with the sludge conveying cylinder 7, stirring the crushed sludge into the sludge filter cylinder 8, and the sludge filter holes on the sludge filter cylinder 8 perform preliminary filtration on the sludge; SS06, sludge conveying and dehydration, the spiral lifting blades 11 on the conveying shaft 10 convey the sludge in the filter sludge cylinder 8 upward, and the drain holes 12 on the spiral lifting blades 11 simultaneously drain the water in the sludge; SS07, sludge discharge, the dehydrated sludge enters the sludge discharge tube 17 through the sludge discharge port 39 on the sludge conveying tube 7, the sludge suction pump 37 generates negative pressure, and the sludge in the sludge discharge tube 17 is sucked in through the negative pressure hose 38 and transported to the holding tank on the load hull.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects, comprising a fixed frame (1), characterized in that: A multi-beam echo sounder (2), a microcontroller (3) and an angle-adjustable carrier (4) are installed on the fixed frame (1); a biaxial motion platform is installed on the carrier (4); a dredging frame (5) capable of synchronous horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement is connected to the biaxial motion platform; the microcontroller (3) is connected to the multi-beam echo sounder (2) data and adjusts the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the dredging frame (5); a bidirectional buffering and anti-collision mechanism is installed on the dredging frame (5); a positioning seat (6) is connected to the bidirectional buffering and anti-collision mechanism; a silt conveying cylinder (7) is rotatably installed on the positioning seat (6); the bottom end of the silt conveying cylinder (7) is connected to a filter mud net cylinder (8); a spiral mud collecting blade (9) is installed on the silt conveying cylinder (7); a conveying shaft (10) is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the silt conveying cylinder (7); a spiral lifting shaft (10) is installed on the conveying shaft (10) Lifting blade (11), the spiral lifting blade (11) is evenly distributed with drainage holes (12), the inner wall of the conveying shaft (10) is rotatably mounted with an inner shaft (13), the bottom end of the inner shaft (13) is mounted with a rotary seat (14), a group of crushing plates (15) are mounted on the rotary seat (14) and at a position corresponding to the outer side of the filter mud net cylinder (8), each crushing plate (15) is mounted with a group of crushing knives (16), a mud discharge barrel (17) is fixed on the positioning seat (6), the mud discharge barrel (17) is rotatably sleeved on the silt conveying barrel (7), a transmission motor (18) is mounted on the mud discharge barrel (17), the output shaft end of the transmission motor (18) is connected with three synchronous belts, the three synchronous belts are respectively connected to the silt conveying barrel (7), the conveying shaft (10) and the inner shaft (13), and a mud discharge assembly is provided on the mud discharge barrel (17).

2. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two symmetrically arranged arm adjustment push rods (19) are hinged between the fixing frame (1) and the carrier frame (4), and a plurality of regularly distributed positioning and mounting holes are provided on the fixing frame (1).

3. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-axis motion platform comprises a hexagonal shaft (20) rotatably connected to a carrier (4) and a linear transmission module (21) mounted on the carrier (4); a servo motor (22) is mounted on the carrier (4); an output shaft end of the servo motor (22) is fixedly connected to the hexagonal shaft (20); a frequency modulation frame (23) is transmission-connected to the linear transmission module (21); the frequency modulation frame (23) is slidingly connected to the carrier (4); a conical semi-cam (24) is rotatably mounted on the frequency modulation frame (23); the conical semi-cam (24) is linked to the hexagonal shaft (20); and a slidable cam (24) is slidably connected to the carrier (4). A vertical reciprocating frame (25) is provided with two return springs (26) on the bottom surface of the vertical reciprocating frame (25), the other ends of the two return springs (26) are fixedly connected to the carrier (4), a guide frame (27) is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame (25), the guide frame (27) and the conical semi-cam (24) are frictionally driven, a group of elastic connecting members (28) are installed between the guide frame (27) and the vertical reciprocating frame (25), the dredging frame (5) is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame (25), and a synchronous transmission module is installed between the vertical reciprocating frame (25) and the dredging frame (5).

4. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central angle of the conical half cam (24) is 180°, the longitudinal cross-section of the conical half cam (24) is an isosceles trapezoid, the surfaces of the conical half cam (24) and the guide frame (27) are both provided with knurling patterns, the axis position of the conical half cam (24) is fixed with a square groove with two ends open and slidably connected to the hexagonal shaft (20), and the cross-sections of the square groove and the hexagonal shaft (20) are both regular hexagons.

5. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic connecting member (28) includes a T-shaped guide rod mounted on the guide frame (27), the T-shaped guide rod being slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame (25), a limit spring being sleeved on the T-shaped guide rod and corresponding to a position between the guide frame (27) and the vertical reciprocating frame (25), and an axis of the T-shaped guide rod being perpendicular to the axis of the hexagonal shaft (20).

6. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous transmission module includes a synchronous toothed plate (29) mounted on the vertical reciprocating frame (25), a gear shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the carrier (4), a synchronous gear (31) meshing with the synchronous toothed plate (29) is mounted on the gear shaft (30), a tensioning seat (32) is slidably connected to the vertical reciprocating frame (25), a tensioning spring (33) limited by the vertical reciprocating frame (25) is mounted on the side of the tensioning seat (32), a tensioning wheel (34) is rotatably mounted on the tensioning seat (32), two reciprocating screw rods (35) are rotatably mounted on the vertical reciprocating frame (25), a first toothed belt is connected to the tensioning wheel (34), one reciprocating screw rod (35) and the gear shaft (30) are both connected to the first toothed belt, a second toothed belt is connected between the two reciprocating screw rods (35), and both the two reciprocating screw rods (35) are connected to the dredging frame (5).

7. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional buffer anti-collision mechanism comprises two groups of T-shaped buffer rods (36), the two groups of T-shaped buffer rods (36) being respectively mounted on two side surfaces of the dredging frame (5), the two groups of T-shaped buffer rods (36) being slidably connected to the positioning seat (6), and a buffer spring (40) being sleeved on each T-shaped buffer rod (36) and corresponding to a position between the dredging frame (5) and the positioning seat (6).

8. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mud discharge assembly comprises a mud suction pump (37) mounted on a fixed frame (1); a mud suction port of the mud suction pump (37) is connected to a negative pressure hose (38); the other end of the negative pressure hose (38) is connected to the inner cavity of the mud discharge barrel (17); and a group of mud discharge ports (39) distributed in a circumferential array are provided on the mud delivery barrel (7) at positions corresponding to the inner side of the mud discharge barrel (17).

9. A river channel desilting device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter mud net cylinder (8) is evenly distributed with filter mud holes, the axes of the filter mud holes are perpendicular to the axis of the silt conveying cylinder (7), the axes of the drainage holes (12) are parallel to the axis of the filter mud net cylinder (8), the radius of the filter mud holes is 5 to 7 times the radius of the drainage holes (12), and when the transmission motor (18) is working, the speed ratio of the silt conveying cylinder (7), the conveying shaft (10) and the inner shaft (13) is 1:2:

4.

10. A dredging method for a river dredging device for a water conservancy project according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: SS01, equipment installation and initialization, the device is fixed to the load hull through the positioning mounting holes on the fixing frame (1), the load hull provides the power source and the power source, the arm push rod (19) is telescopically adjusted to adjust the tilt angle of the carrier (4) so ​​that the dredging component adapts to the river terrain; SS02, river channel monitoring, the multi-beam echo sounder (2) is activated to monitor the silt thickness distribution, the river bottom topography contour and the location of large obstacles on the river bottom, and feed the data back to the microcontroller (3) in real time; SS03, parameter adjustment, the microcontroller (3) adjusts the dual-axis motion platform according to the feedback data of the multi-beam echo sounder (2) to control the horizontal and vertical reciprocating movement frequency and stroke of the dredging frame (5); SS04, the silt removal operation is started, the transmission motor (18) works, and drives the silt conveying barrel (7), the conveying shaft (10) and the inner shaft (13) to rotate at a speed ratio of 1:2:4 through three synchronous belts. The inner shaft (13) drives the crushing plate (15) and the crushing knife (16) to rotate, crushing large pieces of silt or impurities; SS05, sludge collection and preliminary filtration, the spiral sludge collecting blade (9) on the sludge conveying cylinder (7) rotates with the sludge conveying cylinder (7), stirring the crushed sludge into the sludge filter cylinder (8), and the sludge filter holes on the sludge filter cylinder (8) perform preliminary filtration on the sludge; SS06, sludge conveying and dehydration, the spiral lifting blade (11) on the conveying shaft (10) conveys the sludge in the filter screen (8) upward, and the drain holes (12) on the spiral lifting blade (11) simultaneously drain the water in the sludge; SS07, sludge discharge, the dehydrated sludge enters the sludge discharge tube (17) through the sludge discharge port (39) on the sludge delivery tube (7), the sludge suction pump (37) generates negative pressure, and the sludge in the sludge discharge tube (17) is sucked in through the negative pressure hose (38) and transported to the holding tank on the load hull.

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