Self-cleaning coating film capable of preventing freezing rain, ice and snow and freezing as well as preparation method and application of self-cleaning coating film

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of film materials, in particular to an anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and anti-icing self-cleaning coating film as well as a preparation method and application of the anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and anti-icing self-cleaning coating film. The invention relates to an anti-freezing, anti-snow and anti-icing self-cleaning coating film, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of basic emulsion, 20 to 30 parts of phase change material, 5 to 10 parts of inorganic compound, 10 to 20 parts of functional additive, 20 to 30 parts of diluent, 10 to 15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsion, 1 to 3 parts of flatting agent, 2 to 5 parts of wetting agent and 1 to 3 parts of dispersing agent. The anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and anti-icing self-cleaning coating film prepared by the invention can maintain excellent phase change thermal insulation performance, heat resistance, self-cleaning performance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, and also has good dustproof, antifouling, waterproof, salt-resistant, anti-corrosion and anti-aging properties; the requirements of electric power cables, high-voltage wire towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic facilities, airport runways, bridges, petroleum field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, outdoor decoration and the like for various performances such as freezing and rain prevention, ice and snow prevention, icing prevention and self-cleaning are met, good comprehensive performance is achieved, the service life is prolonged, the safety performance is achieved, the use cost is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. And the method has a very excellent application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of membrane materials, and in particular to a self-cleaning coating film that prevents freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, self-cleaning coatings that protect against freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing are not readily available on a single product. However, with the advancement of technology, higher performance requirements are being placed on related products and applications, such as power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind turbines, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, and outdoor decoration. Self-cleaning coatings for protection against freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing are gradually entering the market.

[0003] The self-cleaning coating that can prevent freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing is a high-performance functional film layer. It is a functional coating suitable for products and application scenarios related to power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, outdoor decoration, etc. It is usually made of high-quality resin materials. Its main function is to provide an additional protective layer without affecting the appearance, so as to achieve the functions of anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and snow, and anti-icing in product applications and scene applications; the anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and snow, anti-icing functions and self-cleaning properties protect related products and application scenarios from the safety impact of freezing rain, ice and snow, and the impact on equipment operation, etc., and the adverse factors affecting safety are overcome; the anti-corrosion function keeps the appearance intact and keeps the equipment in good working condition; the self-cleaning properties mean that this film has a certain ability to reduce the adhesion of dirt, dust and other pollutants, or makes freezing rain, ice and snow easier to clean up, and the icing process cannot form, which is usually due to the coating with special treatment function on the surface of the film. At the same time, the existing self-cleaning coatings that prevent freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation still have new properties such as waterproofing, anti-static, aging resistance, and mechanical properties, and the relevant properties are well reflected.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, and a preparation method thereof. The self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing prepared in the present application can maintain excellent anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and snow, anti-icing, and self-cleaning properties while maintaining good waterproof, aging resistance, and anti-static properties. It meets the specific performance requirements of existing power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, outdoor decorations and other scene-related products and application scenarios, achieves better safety performance, comprehensive performance and extended service life, reduces use costs and maintenance costs, and has very excellent application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present application provides a self-cleaning film that can prevent freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation. The raw materials are, in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of base emulsion, 20 to 30 parts of phase change material, 5 to 10 parts of inorganic compound, 10 to 20 parts of functional additive, 20 to 30 parts of diluent, 10 to 15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsion, 1 to 3 parts of leveling agent, 2 to 5 parts of wetting agent, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersant.

[0006] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the base emulsion to the functional additive is (30-40): (10-20).

[0007] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the base emulsion to the functional additive is (30-40): (5-10).

[0008] As a preferred solution, the phase change material is paraffin and myristic acid; the mass ratio of paraffin to myristic acid is (1.0-1.6): (0.6-1.2).

[0009] As a preferred solution, the inorganic compound is nano-precipitated barium sulfate; the average particle size of the nano-precipitated barium sulfate is 20-30 nm, and the mass ratio in the formula is (5-10).

[0010] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the base emulsion, the diluent and the fluorocarbon emulsion is (30-40): (20-30): (10-15).

[0011] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the base emulsion, the diluent and the fluorocarbon emulsion is (30-40): (20-30): (10-15).

[0012] As a preferred solution, the base emulsion is a composition of modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the modified acrylic emulsion and the modified acrylic emulsion to ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether is (2-5): (0.8-1.2); (0.5-1.0).

[0014] As a preferred solution, the modified acrylic emulsion is an organosiloxane-modified acrylic emulsion.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the viscosity of the modified acrylic emulsion is 150-300 mPa·s at 25°C.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the solid content of the modified acrylic emulsion is 50-55 wt %.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the silane coupling agent is γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0018] As a preferred solution, in the mixed solvent of ethanol and isopropanol, the mass ratio of ethanol to isopropanol is (1-1.5): (4-4.5).

[0019] The phase change materials added in this application are paraffin, myristic acid and a combination scheme, which can effectively improve the high-efficiency phase change thermal insulation performance of the self-cleaning film that prevents freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. The composition of modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polyvinyl methyl ether can improve high transparency, corrosion resistance, surface heat dissipation, waterproof and moisture-proof, self-cleaning performance, etc., thereby maintaining good anti-freezing rain, anti-ice and snow, and anti-icing performance.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the functional auxiliary agent is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether is (4-5): (3-3.5): (1-2).

[0022] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether is (4.2-4.5): (3.2-3.3): (1.2-1.5).

[0023] As a preferred solution, the weight average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol methyl ether is 400 to 800 Da.

[0024] As a preferred solution, the weight average molecular weight of the epoxy block polyether is 6000 to 8000 Da.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the ethylene oxide block content of the epoxy block polyether is 60 to 70 wt%.

[0026] As a preferred solution, the arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is a composition of phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0027] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to the trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether is (3-4): (0.6-0.8).

[0028] As a preferred solution, the HLB value of the phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is 10-12.

[0029] As a preferred solution, the HLB value of the trimethylstyrene phenol polyoxyethylene ether is 15-18.

[0030] The above-mentioned compound functional additives added in the present application can effectively assist in improving the mechanical properties of the film layer, and can effectively ensure the waterproof and aging corrosion resistance of the self-cleaning film. The epoxy block polyether and polyethylene glycol methyl ether added in the present application can enhance the molecular network construction assistance effect of the overall functional additives in the film material by embedding the effect with different molecular chain lengths, thereby enhancing the tightness of the internal three-dimensional network of the film layer, and molecular chains of different lengths can easily form entanglements with each other, which helps to improve the intermolecular force, thereby helping to improve the mechanical properties of the film layer, and the addition of aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether can effectively reduce the agglomeration of each nanoparticle added in the present application, thereby better using epoxy block polyether and polyethylene glycol methyl ether as dispersion carriers in the formation of the film layer, thereby enhancing the uniformity of each particle in the film layer, and can avoid the formation of large particle micropores caused by particle agglomeration, thereby affecting the connection between molecules and particles, and ultimately reducing friction mechanical properties. On the other hand, the compounded functional additives can also assist in the formation of a smooth film surface of the composition of ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether on the surface, thereby achieving the overall film layer's thermal conductivity, self-cleaning, waterproof, oil-proof, salt-proof, corrosion-resistant, aging-resistant and other properties.

[0031] As a preferred solution, the diluent is at least one of ethanol, methanol, isopropanol or ethyl acetate.

[0032] As a preferred solution, the diluent is ethanol or isopropanol.

[0033] As a preferred solution, the leveling agent is at least one of organic silicon leveling agents.

[0034] As a preferred solution, the leveling agent is organosilicon leveling agent BYK-306.

[0035] As a preferred solution, the wetting agent is at least one non-ionic wetting agent.

[0036] As a preferred solution, the dispersant is at least one of polyurethane, acrylic, and betaine.

[0037] As a preferred solution, the dispersant is polyurethane or acrylic.

[0038] As a preferred solution, the dispersant is acrylic acid BYK-163.

[0039] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned self-cleaning film that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. The specific steps include the following steps: S1: Add the diluent, functional additives, and basic emulsion into a high-speed mixer, and stir at 1200-1800 rpm for 10-20 minutes until uniform; S2: After adding the phase change material, continue to maintain the speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S3: After adding the fluorocarbon emulsion, continue to maintain the speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S4: After adding the precipitated barium sulfate, continue to maintain the speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S5: Finally, add the leveling agent, wetting agent and dispersant at a speed of 800-1000 rpm and stir for 8-10 minutes. After completion, spray and pour the mixture on the desired substrate surface, heat to 60-80°C and cure for 4-6 hours; or air-dry and cure for 24 hours; the result is obtained.

[0040] The second aspect of the present application provides a self-cleaning film that can prevent freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, and has specific performance requirements and applications in related products and application scenarios such as power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, and outdoor decorations. It achieves better safety performance, comprehensive performance, and extends service life, reduces usage and maintenance costs, and has very excellent application prospects.

[0041] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. This application provides a self-cleaning film that protects against freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. Products related to scenarios such as power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, and outdoor decorations are generally metal structures with high heat transfer coefficients. The formation of ice when freezing rain, ice and snow adhere to the surfaces of these objects is a heat exchange process. The main forms of heat transfer are conduction and convection, which involve temperature changes between freezing rain, ice and snow and metal objects. Generally, the temperature of freezing rain particles is higher than that of metal components. Freezing rain is adsorbed on the surface of metal components to form a heat dissipation conduction effect, and then adsorbed on the surface of metal components to form ice. During movement, ice and snow form a heat absorption conduction effect with the surface of metal components, and then adsorbed on the surface of metal components to form ice. The self-cleaning film incorporates a phase-change material, paraffin wax, and a myristic acid-doped composition. This composition exhibits excellent phase-change insulation and heat storage properties, effectively blocking the energy transfer generated by freezing rain, snow, and other processes in cold air environments. Since freezing rain and snow have no heat transfer effect, they do not adhere to metal surfaces and do not form ice. If freezing rain and snow do not fall, the temperature of metal components will be consistent with the external environment, and ice will not form. The conduction of cold energy from freezing rain and snow is reduced in items coated with the self-cleaning film, such as power cables, high-voltage pylons, wind turbines, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, and outdoor decorations. This maintains a relatively stable temperature for metal components, reduces heat exchange, and prevents freezing rain and snow from adsorbing on these metal surfaces, making them less likely to freeze.

[0043] 2. The present application provides a self-cleaning film that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. Precipitated barium sulfate is added to the self-cleaning film, which can maintain a certain heat resistance. The application of precipitated barium sulfate in the film layer can block the heat dissipation of freezing rain and the heat absorption of ice and snow, so that freezing rain, ice and snow and other cold energy can reduce longitudinal heat conduction. The accumulation of freezing rain, ice and snow and other cold energy on the surface of related objects in scenes such as power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, outdoor decorations, etc. will be reduced, and the temperature of objects can be kept relatively stable, so it is difficult to freeze.

[0044] 3. The present application provides a self-cleaning film that protects against freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, which can ensure phase change insulation, heat storage, and heat resistance. The self-cleaning film contains a composition of paraffin wax, fluorocarbon emulsion, modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polyvinyl methyl ether, which can improve the hydrophobicity and antistatic properties of objects in scenes such as power cables, high-voltage power towers, wind power equipment, photovoltaic equipment, airport runways, bridges, oil field drilling equipment, high-rise buildings, and outdoor decorations. Freezing rain and ice and snow cannot stay on the surfaces of these objects, thereby reducing the time they stay on the surfaces of these objects, reducing the heat exchange process, and reducing the formation of ice from freezing rain and ice and snow. The composition of paraffin wax, fluorocarbon emulsion, modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polyvinyl methyl ether can also improve the anti-corrosion, waterproof, moisture-proof, and self-cleaning properties of the objects, ensuring the thermal insulation, heat storage, and heat resistance of the film layer on the objects, thereby maintaining the good anti-freezing rain, ice and snow, and anti-icing properties of the self-cleaning film.

[0045] 4. The present application provides a self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. Precipitated barium sulfate is added to the coating. The particle structure of the precipitated barium sulfate can play a good supporting role when the film layer is subjected to external force based on the skeleton structure of the framework particles. Because of the connection between the surface precipitated barium sulfate and the organic molecules of the film layer, it plays a certain tensile connection role, maintaining good mechanical properties of the film layer. On the surface of the film layer, the extremely low surface energy of the composite particle structure can promote the formation of a smoother and ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl methyl ether composition film layer surface. The smoother film layer surface greatly reduces the retention time of dust and other pollutants on the surface of the film layer in most application environments, and thus dust and other pollutants cannot form aggregation in a short period of time. In most application environments, dust and other pollutants will be removed by gravity due to the smooth effect and hydrophobic properties of the surface, thereby obtaining excellent film layer self-cleaning, waterproofing, aging resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties.

[0046] 5. The self-cleaning coating provided in this application is capable of preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. The added compound functional additives can effectively help improve the mechanical properties of the film layer, and can effectively ensure that the self-cleaning coating is capable of preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. In addition to the functions of preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, it also has high corrosion resistance, water resistance, salt resistance, and aging resistance. Epoxy block polyether and polyethylene glycol methyl ether can enhance the molecular network construction assistance effect of the overall functional additives in the membrane material by embedding them with different molecular chain lengths, thereby enhancing the tightness of the three-dimensional network inside the membrane, and molecular chains of different lengths can easily form entanglements with each other, which helps to increase the intermolecular force and thus help improve the mechanical properties of the membrane. The addition of aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether can effectively reduce the agglomeration of the nanoparticles added in this application, thereby better using epoxy block polyether and polyethylene glycol methyl ether as dispersion carriers in the formation of the membrane, thereby enhancing the uniformity of each particle in the membrane, and avoiding the formation of large particle micropores caused by particle agglomeration, thereby affecting the connection between molecules and particles, and ultimately reducing the friction mechanical properties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following text further illustrates and demonstrates the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned summary of the invention in the form of specific implementation plans. The following examples are merely practical examples used to illustrate and explain the technical solutions in the specification and should not limit the scope of the claims to be protected by this application. All technical products based on the technical solutions described in the summary of the invention in this application should be included in the scope of protection to be protected by this application.

[0048] In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials are all commercially available products or can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The first aspect of Example 1 provides a self-cleaning coating that prevents freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation. The raw materials are, in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of base emulsion, 20 to 30 parts of phase change material, 5 to 10 parts of inorganic compound, 10 to 20 parts of functional additive, 20 to 30 parts of diluent, 10 to 15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsion, 1 to 3 parts of leveling agent, 2 to 5 parts of wetting agent, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersant.

[0051] The basic emulsion is a composition of modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-5): (0.8-1.2); (0.5-1.0).

[0052] Modified acrylic emulsion is organic silicone modified acrylic emulsion,

[0053] As a preferred solution, the phase change material is paraffin and myristic acid; the mass ratio of paraffin to myristic acid is (1.0-1.6): (0.6-1.2).

[0054] As a preferred solution, the inorganic compound is nano-precipitated barium sulfate; the average particle size of the nano-precipitated barium sulfate is 20-30 nm, and the mass ratio in the formula is (5-10).

[0055] The silane coupling agent is γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0056] The functional additive is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 4.3:3.2:1.4.

[0057] The weight average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol methyl ether is 400Da.

[0058] The weight average molecular weight of epoxy block polyether is 7800Da, and the ethylene oxide block content is 70wt%.

[0059] The arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is a composition of phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the two is 3.6:0.8.

[0060] The HLB value of phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is 11, and the HLB value of trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether is 1;

[0061] The diluent is 95wt% ethanol; the leveling agent is organic silicone leveling agent BYK-306.

[0062] The wetting agent is a nonionic wetting agent; the powder is acrylic BYK-163.

[0063] The second aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, anti-icing, and highly heat-conductive, and the specific steps include the following steps: S1: adding a diluent, a functional additive, and a base emulsion into a high-speed mixer, and stirring at 1200-1800 rpm for 10-20 minutes until uniform; S2: after adding the phase change material, continuing to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stirring for 15-25 minutes; S3: after adding the fluorocarbon emulsion, continuing to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stirring for 15-25 minutes; S4: after adding the precipitated barium sulfate, continuing to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stirring for 15-25 minutes; S5: finally, adding a leveling agent, a wetting agent, and a dispersant at a speed of 800-1000 rpm and stirring for 8-10 minutes. After completion, the mixture is sprayed and coated on the desired substrate surface, heated to 60-80°C and cured for 4-6 hours; or air-dried and cured for 24 hours; the result is obtained.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The first aspect of Example 2 provides a self-cleaning coating that prevents freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation. The raw materials are, in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of base emulsion, 20 to 30 parts of phase change material, 40 to 60 parts of nanoparticles, 5 to 10 parts of inorganic compounds, 10 to 20 parts of functional additives, 20 to 30 parts of diluents, 10 to 15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsions, 1 to 3 parts of leveling agents, 2 to 5 parts of wetting agents, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersants.

[0066] The basic emulsion is a composition of modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether, and the mass ratio of the three is (2-5): (0.8-1.2); (0.5-1.0).

[0067] The modified acrylic emulsion is an organosiloxane modified acrylic emulsion with a viscosity of 240 mPa·s at 25°C and a solid content of 52.2 wt%.

[0068] The phase change material is paraffin and myristic acid; the mass ratio of paraffin to myristic acid is (1.0-1.6): (0.6-1.2).

[0069] The inorganic compound is nano-precipitated barium sulfate; the average particle size of the nano-precipitated barium sulfate is 20-30 nm, and the mass ratio of the nano-precipitated barium sulfate in the formula is (5-10).

[0070] The silane coupling agent is γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0071] The average particle size of the modified nano-alumina is 15-20 nm.

[0072] The functional additive is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 4.3:3.2:1.4.

[0073] The weight average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol methyl ether is 400 Da, and the product of the corresponding molecular weight model was purchased from Haian Petrochemical Company in Jiangsu Province.

[0074] The epoxy block polyether has a weight average molecular weight of 7800 Da and an ethylene oxide block content of 70 wt %. The epoxy block polyether is an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolyether product of model L87 purchased from BASF.

[0075] The arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is a composition of phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the two is 3.6:0.8.

[0076] The HLB value of phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is 11, and the HLB value of trimethylstyrenephenol polyoxyethylene ether is 16.

[0077] The diluent is 95wt% ethanol; the leveling agent is organic silicone leveling agent BYK-306.

[0078] The wetting agent is a nonionic wetting agent and the dispersing agent is acrylic BYK-163.

[0079] The second aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing a self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing. The specific steps include the following steps: S1: adding a diluent, a functional additive, and a basic emulsion into a high-speed mixer, and stirring at 1200-1800 rpm for 10-20 minutes until uniform; S2: after adding the phase change material, continue to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S3: after adding the fluorocarbon emulsion, continue to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S4: after adding the precipitated barium sulfate, continue to maintain a speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S5: finally, add a leveling agent, a wetting agent, and a dispersant at a speed of 800-1000 rpm and stir for 8-10 minutes. After completion, spray and pour the mixture on the desired substrate surface, heat to 60-80°C and cure for 4-6 hours; or air-dry and cure for 24 hours; the result is obtained.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The specific implementation method of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being: a self-cleaning coating for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing, wherein the raw materials are, in parts by mass: 30 to 40 parts of base emulsion, 20 to 30 parts of phase change material, 5 to 10 parts of inorganic compound, 10 to 20 parts of functional additive, 20 to 30 parts of diluent, 10 to 15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsion, 1 to 3 parts of leveling agent, 2 to 5 parts of wetting agent, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersant.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] The specific implementation method of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being: a self-cleaning coating that is resistant to freezing rain, anti-icing, and highly heat-conductive, wherein the raw materials are, in parts by mass: 40 to 50 parts of a base emulsion, 5 to 10 parts of a phase change material, 5 to 10 parts of an inorganic compound, 10 to 20 parts of a functional additive, 20 to 30 parts of a diluent, 10 to 15 parts of a fluorocarbon emulsion, 1 to 3 parts of a leveling agent, 2 to 5 parts of a wetting agent, and 1 to 3 parts of a dispersant.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the modified acrylic emulsion and is 4:0.6.

[0086] Comparative Example 4

[0087] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of nano-precipitated barium sulfate is (2-5).

[0088] Comparative Example 5

[0089] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the functional additive is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 8:2:0.3.

[0090] Performance evaluation

[0091] 1. Mechanical properties: Samples with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 2 cm, and a width of 1 cm were taken from the self-cleaning coatings for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation prepared in the examples and comparative examples. The tensile strength and elongation at break were tested using a universal tensile machine. The test values ​​were the average of 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0092] 2. Thermal Insulation Performance: For the self-cleaning coatings for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, a 60 cm section of copper-magnesium cable was sprayed with the coating. A 60 cm section of copper-magnesium cable was also sprayed with the coating. The temperature difference between the two sections was measured using a thermometer in an icy environment at -20°C. The temperature difference between the sections with the coating was reported as a positive number. The average of 10 test results is reported in Table 1.

[0093] 3. Self-cleaning performance: Samples of the self-cleaning membranes prepared in the examples and comparative examples with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 2 cm, and a width of 1 cm were taken and placed in a fixed test group in an outdoor environment for 6 months. The average environmental temperature range was 26.8-28.2°C, and the average relative humidity range was 66.4-70.1%. After 6 months, the samples were retrieved and naturally rinsed with clean water. Randomly cut sections of the self-cleaning membrane surface were tested for the percentage of dirt area occupied. The test values ​​were taken as the average of 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0094] 4. Waterproof performance: Samples of the self-cleaning membranes prepared in the examples and comparative examples with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 2 cm, and a width of 1 cm were taken, and the water contact angle on the membrane surface was tested by the sessile drop method. The test water droplet was 2.5 μL, and the test time was 15 s. The test value was the average of 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0095] 5. Aging resistance: Samples of the self-cleaning films prepared in the examples and comparative examples with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 2 cm, and a width of 1 cm were taken and placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 68±3°C and a relative humidity of 75±2%. The samples were stored for 3 months and taken out after 3 months. The tensile strength of the film layer was tested before and after 3 months (tested using the performance test 1 method). The retention rate of the tensile strength was calculated as %, retention rate % = (tensile strength of the film layer after 3 months / tensile strength of the film layer before 3 months) × 100%. The test values ​​were averaged over 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0096] 6. Corrosion resistance: Samples of the self-cleaning films prepared in the examples and comparative examples with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 2 cm, and a width of 1 cm were taken and subjected to a salt spray corrosion resistance test with a concentration of 5 wt% NaCl. The samples were immersed in a concentration of 5 wt% NaCl for 800 h. After the test, the samples were taken out and observed to see if there was obvious damage, tearing, corrosion, oxidation, and curling of the film layer. The tensile strength retention rate was tested again using the scheme in performance test 4. If there were no obvious above phenomena and the tensile strength retention rate was ≥85%, it was considered qualified, otherwise it was unqualified. The qualified rate results of 50 samples in each group are recorded in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1 Performance test results

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] It can be seen from the examples and comparative examples of the present application and the data results in Table 1 that Examples 1 and 2 of the present application have obvious advantages over comparative examples 1 to 5 in terms of mechanical properties, thermal insulation performance, self-cleaning performance, waterproof performance, salt resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties. This is mainly due to the combined effect of the functional additives, phase change materials, inorganic materials and other matching technical solutions specified in the present application, while comparative examples 1 to 5 did not adopt the technical solutions specified in the present application, resulting in obvious disadvantages in the above performance tests. This further proves the necessity of the technical solutions specified in the present application for the technical effects of the present application and for solving technical problems.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning coating film that prevents freezing rain, ice and snow, and ice formation, characterized by: The raw materials are as follows: 30-40 parts of base emulsion, 20-30 parts of phase change material, 5-10 parts of inorganic compound, 10-20 parts of functional additive, 20-30 parts of diluent, 10-15 parts of fluorocarbon emulsion, 1-3 parts of leveling agent, 2-5 parts of wetting agent, and 1-3 parts of dispersant, calculated by mass. The base emulsion is a composition of modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether; the mass ratio of the modified acrylic emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl methyl ether is (2-5): (0.8-1.2): (0.5-1.0); The modified acrylic emulsion is an organosiloxane modified acrylic emulsion; The phase change material is paraffin and myristic acid; the mass ratio of paraffin and myristic acid is (1.0-1.6): (0.6-1.2); The fluorocarbon emulsion is a composition of organic fluorine and acrylate; the mass ratio of organic fluorine to acrylate is (0.1-0.2): (1.2-2.4); The inorganic compound is nano-precipitated barium sulfate; the average particle size of the nano-precipitated barium sulfate is 20-30 nm, and the mass ratio in the formula is (5-10); The functional additive is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; The mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether is (4-5): (3-3.5): (1-2).

2. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the base emulsion to the functional additive is (30-40): (10-20).

3. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the base emulsion, the diluent and the fluorocarbon emulsion is (30-40): (20-30): (10-15).

4. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paraffin wax and myristic acid are mixed and dissolved; the mass ratio of the paraffin wax to the myristic acid is (1.0-1.6): (0.6-1.2).

5. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic compound is precipitated barium sulfate; the average particle size of nano-precipitated barium sulfate is 20-30 nm, and the mass ratio in the formula is (5-10).

6. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additive is a composition of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol methyl ether, epoxy block polyether and aromatic phenol polyoxyethylene ether is (4~5): (3~3.5): (1~2).

7. The self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorocarbon emulsion is a composition of organic fluorine and acrylate.

8. A method for preparing a self-cleaning coating film for preventing freezing rain, ice and snow, and icing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include the following: S1: Add diluent, functional additives and base emulsion into a high-speed mixer and stir at 1200-1800 rpm for 10-20 minutes until uniform; S2: After adding the phase change material, continue to maintain the speed of 1200-1800 rpm and stir for 15-25 minutes; S3: After adding the fluorocarbon emulsion, continue to stir at 1200-1800 rpm for 15-25 minutes; S4: After adding the precipitated barium sulfate, continue stirring at 1200-1800 rpm for 15-25 minutes; S5: Finally, add leveling agent, wetting agent and dispersant at 800-1000 rpm and stir for 8-10 minutes. After completion, spray and pour the mixture on the required substrate surface, heat to 60-80℃ and cure for 4-6 hours; or air dry and cure for 24 hours; the product is ready.

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