Equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and method for recovering valuable components

Abstract

The invention provides equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components. The solid waste recovery device comprises a bottom plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a treatment tank and an extraction mechanism, the pedestal is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is installed on the inner wall of the pedestal, a water tank is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and located on one side of the pedestal, and the treatment tank is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the water tank; according to the scheme, through system integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation and leachate refining technologies, deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium and aluminum are achieved, the resource recovery rate is remarkably increased, the high-temperature energy consumption mode of traditional pyrogenic process treatment is broken through, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. And the convex plate continuously rotates to control the guide wheel to enable the lifting rod to do reciprocating lifting motion in the extraction tank, so that the liquid level vortex phenomenon caused by traditional rotation can be eliminated, and the top liquid level of the extraction tank is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and in particular to equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components. Background Art

[0002] In the existing technology, the fire treatment has the problem of high-temperature fluorine volatilization corroding equipment, and the wet treatment faces the challenge of difficult treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater. At the same time, during the treatment of the waste carbon cathode in the tank, the required media are not easy to fully mix, which can easily affect the treatment effect of the waste carbon cathode. Secondly, the surface stability of the solution is poor under acid leaching conditions, resulting in poor overall safety during the working process.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components, which solves the technical problems of poor waste carbon cathode treatment effect and unstable working environment in the tank in the related art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste, comprising a base plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a processing tank and an extraction mechanism;

[0006] The pedestal is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is mounted on the inner wall of the pedestal, a water tank is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate and on one side of the pedestal, and the processing tank is fixed on the upper surface of the water tank;

[0007] A first top plate is mounted on the top of the extraction tank by bolts, a feed pipe is fixed to the side wall of the extraction tank, an extraction motor is mounted on the top of the first top plate, a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe are mounted on the upper surface of the first top plate and located in front and behind the extraction motor, respectively, and a discharge pipe is mounted on the bottom of the extraction tank;

[0008] The extraction mechanism includes a fixing ring fixed on the inner wall of the extraction tank, four sleeves are fixed on the upper surface of the fixing ring, the upper surfaces of the four sleeves are slidably connected with a sliding rod, the outer wall of the sliding rod is fixed with a lifting rod, the top of the sliding rod is fixed with a lifting ring, two guide wheels are installed on the upper surface of the lifting ring, the output shaft keyway of the extraction motor is connected with a key rod, the outer wall keyway of the key rod is connected with a rotating ring, the bottom of the rotating ring is equipped with two convex plates by bolts, the bottom end of the key rod is fixed with a stirring rod inside the extraction tank, and the interior of the four sleeves is equipped with a reset spring.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom ports of the first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe pass through the interior of the first top plate and extend into the interior of the extraction tank, and the top of the key rod is rotatably connected to the axis of the first top plate through a bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the four sleeves are distributed in an annular manner with equal distances about the axis of the fixing ring, and the bottom end of the sliding rod contacts the upper surface of the reset spring.

[0011] Preferably, the outer wall of the lifting ring slides up and down relative to the inner wall of the extraction tank, and the two guide wheels are in continuous contact with the lower surface of the rotating ring.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes an adjustment mechanism;

[0013] A second top plate is installed on the top of the treatment tank, a treatment motor is installed on the top of the second top plate, a treatment pump is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the water tank, a water pipe is installed on the outlet end of the treatment pump, two positioning racks are installed on the inner wall of the treatment tank, spray pipes are mounted on the upper surfaces of the two positioning racks, an inspection pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the treatment tank and on one side of the spray pipe, a circulation pump is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the treatment pump, and an auxiliary pipe is installed on the outlet end of the circulation pump;

[0014] The adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod, a first filling plate and a second filling plate. The keyway of the rotating rod is connected to the output shaft of the processing motor. The first filling plate and the second filling plate are fixed to the inner wall of the processing tank and are located below the spray pipe. The outer wall of the rotating rod and the keyway below the first filling plate and the second filling plate are connected with the first turntable and the second turntable. The first filling plate, the second filling plate, the first turntable and the second turntable are all provided with the same notch inside.

[0015] Preferably, the water pipe and the spray pipe are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the treatment pump and the water tank are sealed and connected, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe and the second inlet pipe are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the circulation pump and the back of the water tank are sealed and connected, the outer walls of the first turntable and the second turntable are in contact with the inner wall of the treatment tank, the notch is an arc-shaped structure, and the rotating rod passes through the axis of the first filler plate and the second filler plate.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a connection mechanism and an air intake mechanism;

[0017] An exhaust pipe is installed on the side wall of the extraction tank, and the connection mechanism includes a mounting plate and a ratchet. The mounting plate is fixed to the inner wall of the extraction tank, the ratchet keyway is connected to the outer wall of the key rod and is located above the mounting plate, the outer wall of the ratchet is meshed with a ratchet gear, and a drive pulley is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate and located on one side of the ratchet gear, and the outer walls of the ratchet gear and the drive pulley are covered with a belt;

[0018] The air intake mechanism includes a negative pressure hood and an outer shell. The negative pressure hood is fixed to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe and is located above the mounting plate. The outer shell is fixed to the outer wall of the negative pressure hood. An air inlet is provided inside the outer shell. A rotating plate is connected to the axis of the driving pulley and is located in a keyway inside the outer shell. The outer wall of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the first flap, the second flap and the third flap. An annular groove is provided on the inner bottom of the outer shell.

[0019] Preferably, the cross-section of the rotating plate is hexagonal, the center position of the rotating plate and the axis of the outer shell are eccentrically set, the first flap, the second flap and the third flap are respectively slidably connected to the annular groove, and the bottom end of the exhaust pipe is sealed and connected to the treatment tank.

[0020] A method for recovering valuable components, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Weigh the spent carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid and mix them in proportion, react them at a certain temperature for a period of time, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0022] S2: adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide in proportion to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjusting the pH to 12-13 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then separating the solid and liquid to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B;

[0023] S3: mixing the crude calcium fluoride with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid for pickling, filtering and washing with water after pickling to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0024] S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0025] S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water;

[0026] S6: The volatile gas produced in S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution. After saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution can be used to adjust the pH of S2.

[0027] Compared with related technologies, the equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and the method for recovering valuable components provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Through the systematic integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation, and leachate refining technologies, we have achieved deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium, and aluminum, significantly improving resource recovery rates. This breaks through the high-temperature energy consumption model of traditional pyrometallurgical treatment. The full process is operated at room temperature, significantly reducing waste gas, wastewater, and waste residue emissions. Combined with the cascade reuse of wastewater, we have established a green and low-carbon closed-loop system.

[0029] In terms of economic benefits, the targeted conversion of waste carbon resources into high-value-added chemicals increases the value of waste carbon resources while simultaneously reducing waste residue disposal costs, forming a sustainable industrial model that is resource-saving, environmentally friendly, and cost-controlled. This provides both technical and economic benefits and environmental benefits for solid waste treatment in the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0030] Moreover, when the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte is undergoing acid leaching in the extraction tank through rotation, two convex plates are added to the traditional stirring technology to continuously rotate the control guide wheel, so that the lifting rod can move back and forth in the extraction tank. This design can eliminate the vortex phenomenon of the liquid surface caused by traditional rotation, thereby ensuring that the liquid surface at the top of the extraction tank is more stable and the working environment in the extraction tank is safer. At the same time, the medium is acid-leached and mixed by lifting from the middle position of the extraction tank. Secondly, combined with the bottom rotation, the acid leaching effect is maximized and the extraction effect is optimal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the best structure provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the back structure provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the extraction tank shown;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the initial working state of the extraction mechanism shown;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the extraction mechanism in rotation working state shown;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sleeve shown;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the processing tank shown;

[0039] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the initial working state of the regulating mechanism shown;

[0040] Figure 9 for Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the working state of the first turntable and the second turntable rotating to open the notch is shown;

[0041] Figure 10 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the working state of the first turntable and the second turntable fully rotating to open the slot;

[0042] Figure 11 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the connection structure of the connecting mechanism and the air intake mechanism shown;

[0043] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the initial working state of the intake mechanism shown;

[0044] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the air intake mechanism in rotational working state shown;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the method for recovering valuable components provided by the present invention.

[0046] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0047] 1. Base plate; 2. Base; 3. Extraction tank; 4. Water tank; 5. Processing tank;

[0048] 6. Extraction mechanism; 61. Fixed ring; 62. Sleeve; 63. Sliding rod; 64. Lifting rod; 65. Lifting ring; 66. Guide wheel; 67. Key rod; 68. Rotating ring; 69. Convex plate; 610. Stirring rod; 611. Return spring;

[0049] 7. Adjustment mechanism; 71. Rotating rod; 72. First rotary disc; 73. Second rotary disc; 74. First filling plate; 75. Second filling plate; 76. Notch;

[0050] 8. Connecting mechanism; 81. Mounting plate; 82. Ratchet gear; 83. Drive pulley; 84. Belt; 85. Ratchet;

[0051] 9. Air intake mechanism; 91. Negative pressure cover; 92. Air inlet; 93. Rotating plate; 94. First flap; 95. Second flap; 96. Third flap; 97. Ring groove; 98. Housing;

[0052] 10. First top plate; 11. Extraction motor; 12. First inlet pipe; 13. Second inlet pipe; 14. Processing pump; 15. Inspection pipe; 16. Second top plate; 17. Circulation pump; 18. Auxiliary pipe; 19. Water pipe; 20. Processing motor; 21. Feed pipe; 22. Exhaust pipe; 23. Discharge pipe; 24. Positioning frame; 25. Spray pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The present invention provides equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste and a method for recovering valuable components.

[0055] First embodiment:

[0056] Please combine Figures 1 to 6 , an apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste, comprising a base plate 1, a pedestal 2, an extraction tank 3, a processing tank 5 and an extraction mechanism 6;

[0057] The pedestal 2 is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate 1, the outer wall of the extraction tank 3 is mounted on the inner wall of the pedestal 2, a water tank 4 is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate 1 and on one side of the pedestal 2, and the processing tank 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the water tank 4;

[0058] The top of the extraction tank 3 is fixed with a first top plate 10 by bolts, a feed pipe 21 is fixed to the side wall of the extraction tank 3, an extraction motor 11 is installed on the top of the first top plate 10, a first inlet pipe 12 and a second inlet pipe 13 are installed on the upper surface of the first top plate 10 and located in front and behind the extraction motor 11, respectively, and a discharge pipe 23 is installed at the bottom of the extraction tank 3;

[0059] The extraction mechanism 6 includes a fixing ring 61 fixed on the inner wall of the extraction tank 3, and four sleeves 62 are fixed on the upper surface of the fixing ring 61. The upper surfaces of the four sleeves 62 are slidably connected with slide rods 63, and the outer wall of the slide rod 63 is fixed with a lifting rod 64. The top of the slide rod 63 is fixed with a lifting ring 65. Two guide wheels 66 are installed on the upper surface of the lifting ring 65. The output shaft keyway of the extraction motor 11 is connected with a key rod 67. The outer wall keyway of the key rod 67 is connected with a rotating ring 68. The bottom of the rotating ring 68 is equipped with two convex plates 69 by bolts. The bottom end of the key rod 67 and the interior of the extraction tank 3 are fixed with a stirring rod 610. The interiors of the four sleeves 62 are all equipped with return springs 611.

[0060] Preferably, the convex plate 69 is designed to be inclined on both sides and higher in the middle.

[0061] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 : In the initial working state, the slide rod 63 is located at the top of the sleeve 62, and the guide wheel 66 is continuously attached to the lower surface of the rotating ring 68.

[0062] See also Figure 3 and Figure 5 : Start the extraction motor 11 to control the key rod 67 to rotate counterclockwise. When the key rod 67 rotates counterclockwise, it can synchronously drive the rotating ring 68 to rotate. When the rotating ring 68 rotates, the linked convex plate 69 rotates. When the rotating ring 68 rotates, the guide wheel 66 will continue to roll on the lower surface of the rotating ring 68. When the two convex plates 69 rotate to the position of the guide wheel 66;

[0063] The inclined surface of the protruding plate 69 is subjected to a force to control the guide wheel 66. When the guide wheel 66 is subjected to a force in the direction of the inclined surface, the guide wheel 66 moves downward to control the lifting ring 65, causing the four slide bars 63 to descend inside the sleeve 62. When the bottom end of the protruding plate 69 rotates to the position of the guide wheel 66, the slide bars 63 are at their lowest position.

[0064] As the convex plate 69 continues to rotate, when the inclined surface on the other side of the convex plate 69 rotates to the position of the guide wheel 66, the guide wheel 66 will adaptively rise from the lowest point along the inclined surface to the initial state. At this time, the guide wheel 66 is in contact with the bottom of the rotating ring 68, and when the key rod 67 rotates, the key rod 67 will control the stirring rod 610 at the bottom to rotate in conjunction.

[0065] The bottom ends of the first inlet pipe 12 and the second inlet pipe 13 pass through the interior of the first top plate 10 and extend into the interior of the extraction tank 3 . The top of the key rod 67 is rotatably connected to the axis of the first top plate 10 via a bearing.

[0066] The four sleeves 62 are equidistantly distributed in a ring shape around the axis of the fixing ring 61 , and the bottom end of the sliding rod 63 contacts the upper surface of the return spring 611 .

[0067] The outer wall of the lifting ring 65 slides up and down relative to the inner wall of the extraction tank 3 , and the two guide wheels 66 are in continuous contact with the lower surface of the rotating ring 68 .

[0068] Understandable: Combined Figure 6 It can be seen that the bottom of the sleeve 62 is connected to the slide rod 63 by setting a return spring 611. In this way, when the slide rod 63 drives the lifting rod 64 to descend, it can automatically return to the initial state in conjunction with the protruding plate 69. In combination with actual working conditions, users can freely replace the protruding plate 69 with different shapes.

[0069] In order to ensure sealing, the first inlet pipe 12, the second inlet pipe 13 and the feed pipe 21 need to be sealed with an external one-way valve.

[0070] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0071] S1: First, water and spent carbon cathode are added to the extraction tank 3 through the feed pipe 21. Then, hydrochloric acid is added to the extraction tank 3 through the first top plate 10 through the first inlet pipe 12. At this time, the medium inside the extraction tank 3 is an iron-rich aluminum electrolyte;

[0072] S2: acid leaching;

[0073] The extraction motor 11 is started to control the key rod 67 to rotate counterclockwise. During the rotation of the key rod 67, the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte inside the extraction tank 3 is mixed and stirred to achieve the acid leaching function. When the key rod 67 rotates counterclockwise, it can synchronously drive the rotating ring 68 to rotate. When the rotating ring 68 rotates, the convex plate 69 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the convex plate 69. The continuously rotating convex plate 69 can control the guide wheel 66 to drive the sliding rod 63 to move up and down, thereby realizing the sliding rod 63 controlling the lifting rod 64 to move up and down, thereby cooperating with the stirring rod 610 at the bottom to achieve full mixing of the medium in the extraction tank 3 to achieve acid leaching;

[0074] S3: After a period of reaction, a fluorine-containing filtrate A is obtained. The user adds calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide solution into the extraction tank 3 through the second inlet pipe 13, adjusts the pH to 12-13, and reacts for a period of time. The medium in the extraction tank 3 is discharged through the discharge pipe 23, and finally the crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B are obtained by solid-liquid separation;

[0075] S4: The crude calcium fluoride is mixed with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid for pickling, and after pickling, the mixture is filtered and washed with water to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride, which can be used to obtain metallic calcium element;

[0076] S5: Add hydrochloric acid to filtrate B, adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and react for a period of time, filter to obtain cryolite and filtrate C, evaporate and crystallize filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, and finally obtain metallic sodium element from sodium chloride.

[0077] This embodiment:

[0078] Through the systematic integration of hydrothermal acid leaching, multi-stage solid-liquid separation, and leachate refining technologies, we have achieved deep extraction and efficient utilization of valuable elements such as fluorine, sodium, and aluminum, significantly improving resource recovery rates. This breaks through the high-temperature energy consumption model of traditional pyrometallurgical treatment. The full process is operated at room temperature, significantly reducing waste gas, wastewater, and waste residue emissions. Combined with the cascade reuse of wastewater, we have established a green and low-carbon closed-loop system.

[0079] In terms of economic benefits, the targeted conversion of waste carbon resources into high-value-added chemicals increases the value of waste carbon resources while simultaneously reducing waste residue disposal costs, forming a sustainable industrial model that is resource-saving, environmentally friendly, and cost-controlled. This provides both technical and economic benefits and environmental benefits for solid waste treatment in the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0080] Moreover, when the iron-rich aluminum electrolyte is acid-leached in the extraction tank 3 by rotating, two convex plates 69 are added to the traditional stirring technology to continuously rotate the control guide wheel 66 so that the lifting rod 64 can move back and forth in the extraction tank 3. This design can break the liquid surface vortex phenomenon caused by traditional rotation, thereby ensuring that the top liquid surface of the extraction tank 3 is more stable and the working environment in the extraction tank 3 is safer. At the same time, the medium is acid-leached and mixed by lifting from the middle position of the extraction tank 3. Secondly, combined with the bottom rotation, the acid leaching effect is maximized and the extraction effect is optimal.

[0081] Second embodiment:

[0082] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 10 , further comprising an adjustment mechanism 7;

[0083] A second top plate 16 is installed on the top of the treatment tank 5, and a treatment motor 20 is installed on the top of the second top plate 16. A treatment pump 14 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 and located on one side of the water tank 4. A water pipe 19 is installed at the outlet end of the treatment pump 14. Two positioning frames 24 are installed on the inner wall of the treatment tank 5. A spray pipe 25 is set on the upper surface of the two positioning frames 24. An inspection pipe 15 is fixed on the outer wall of the treatment tank 5 and located on one side of the spray pipe 25. A circulating pump 17 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 and located on one side of the treatment pump 14. An auxiliary pipe 18 is installed at the outlet end of the circulating pump 17;

[0084] The adjusting mechanism 7 includes a rotating rod 71, a first filling plate 74 and a second filling plate 75. The rotating rod 71 is key-connected to the output shaft of the processing motor 20. The first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75 are fixed to the inner wall of the processing tank 5 and are located below the spray pipe 25. The outer wall of the rotating rod 71 is key-connected to the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 below the first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75. The first filling plate 74, the second filling plate 75, the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 are all provided with the same notch 76 inside.

[0085] See also Figure 1 : The volatile gas generated during the working process of the first embodiment enters the processing tank 5 through the exhaust pipe 22. It should be noted that the exhaust pipe 22 requires an external negative pressure machine to ensure that the exhaust space above the extraction tank 3 is in a negative pressure environment;

[0086] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 : The first filler plate 74 and the second filler plate 75 are used to place the filler medium for exhaust gas treatment;

[0087] See also Figure 8 : In the initial state, the first rotating disk 72 and the second rotating disk 73 close the first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75, and the notch 76 is completely closed;

[0088] See also Figure 9 : The user starts the processing motor 20 to control the rotation of the rotating rod 71. When the rotating rod 71 rotates, it will drive the first rotating disk 72 and the second rotating disk 73 to rotate in a coordinated manner. During the rotation, the notches 76 on the first rotating disk 72 and the second rotating disk 73 and the notches 76 on the first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75 will open in an interlaced manner;

[0089] See also Figure 10 : As the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 continue to rotate, the notch 76 and the notches 76 on the first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75 are completely overlapped, and at this time the notch 76 is completely opened.

[0090] Please refer again Figure 7 : The volatile gas entering the treatment tank 5 will move upward, pass through the second filler plate 75 and the first filler plate 74, and the user starts the treatment pump 14 to spray the alkaline solution in the water tank 4 on the volatile gas for alkaline absorption, so that the volatile gas can be treated.

[0091] The water pipe 19 and the spray pipe 25 are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the treatment pump 14 and the water tank 4 are sealed and connected, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe 18 and the second inlet pipe 13 are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the circulation pump 17 and the back of the water tank 4 are sealed and connected, the outer walls of the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 are in contact with the inner wall of the treatment tank 5, the notch 76 is an arc-shaped structure, and the rotating rod 71 passes through the axis of the first filling plate 74 and the second filling plate 75.

[0092] It is understandable that during actual operation, the user can maintain or remove the packing medium on the first packing plate 74 and the second packing plate 75 through the inspection pipe 15. In addition, the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 are installed below the first packing plate 74 and the second packing plate 75. When the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73 rotate, they will not affect the packing medium.

[0093] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2When the alkaline solution is saturated with the absorption, it will circulate into the water tank 4. The user can add sodium hypochlorite to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The user starts the circulation pump 17 to insert the saturated alkaline solution in the water tank 4 into the auxiliary pipe 18, and enters the second inlet pipe 13 through the auxiliary pipe 18, which can be used for the pH adjustment function in the first embodiment.

[0094] This embodiment:

[0095] Compared with the traditional design, the present invention fits the first filling plate 74 and the first turntable 72 together, and fits the second filling plate 75 and the second turntable 73 together. The first filling plate 74, the first turntable 72, the second filling plate 75 and the second turntable 73 are provided with slots 76 of the same structure inside. The slots 76 can be closed and opened by rotating the first turntable 72 and the second turntable 73. In addition, the overlapping area between the slots 76 can be controlled to change the size of the slots 76 during the rotation process, so as to realize the size of the passage of volatile gases. If there is a lot of volatile gases, the passage area of ​​the slots 76 can be increased, and if there is a little volatile gases, the passage area of ​​the slots 76 can be reduced. The user can freely adjust and control it.

[0096] Secondly, the volatile gas is treated by alkaline absorption, and the alkaline solution will eventually enter the water tank 4 and be circulated and added to the second inlet pipe 13, which can assist in adjusting the pH value in the extraction tank 3. This design can reuse the alkaline solution in the water tank 4.

[0097] Third embodiment:

[0098] See also Figure 11 and Figure 13 , further comprising a connection mechanism 8 and an air intake mechanism 9;

[0099] An exhaust pipe 22 is installed on the side wall of the extraction tank 3. The connection mechanism 8 includes a mounting plate 81 and a ratchet 85. The mounting plate 81 is fixed to the inner wall of the extraction tank 3. The ratchet 85 is keyed to the outer wall of the key rod 67 and is located above the mounting plate 81. The outer wall of the ratchet 85 is meshed with a ratchet gear 82. A driving pulley 83 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate 81 and is located on one side of the ratchet gear 82. A belt 84 is provided on the outer walls of the ratchet gear 82 and the driving pulley 83.

[0100] See also Figure 11 : During the operation of the first embodiment, since the key rod 67 rotates counterclockwise, the key rod 67 will synchronously drive the ratchet 85 to rotate counterclockwise. The counterclockwise rotating ratchet 85 will not affect the operation of the ratchet gear 82. Therefore, during the operation of the first embodiment, the air intake mechanism 9 will not work.

[0101] The air intake mechanism 9 includes a negative pressure cover 91 and an outer shell 98. The negative pressure cover 91 is fixed to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 22 and is located above the mounting plate 81. The outer shell 98 is fixed to the outer wall of the negative pressure cover 91. An air inlet 92 is provided inside the outer shell 98. A rotating plate 93 is connected to the axis of the driving pulley 83 and is located in the keyway inside the outer shell 98. The outer wall of the rotating plate 93 is rotatably connected to the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96. An annular groove 97 is provided on the inner bottom of the outer shell 98.

[0102] See also Figure 11 and Figure 12 When switching from the first embodiment to the second embodiment, it is necessary to discharge the volatile gas in the extraction tank 3 into the processing tank 5. At this time, the user needs to control the key rod 67 to rotate clockwise. During the clockwise rotation, the ratchet wheel 85 rotates clockwise, driving the ratchet gear 82 to rotate the transmission belt 84 to control the drive pulley 83 to rotate clockwise;

[0103] When the driving pulley 83 rotates clockwise, it drives the rotating plate 93 to rotate in the housing 98. The volatile gas in the extraction tank 3 enters the space between the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 through the air inlet 92. At this time, the volatile gas already exists in the first flap 94 and the second flap 95.

[0104] See also Figure 13 : As the rotating plate 93 continues to rotate, the gas in the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 will exist in a space, and the volatile gas in the first flap 94 and the second flap 95 will form a space compression, and the compressed volatile gas will be rotated and discharged into the negative pressure cover 91, and then sucked into the exhaust pipe 22 through the negative pressure cover 91, and the gas in the first flap 94 and the third flap 96 will be compressed again, and the third flap 96 and the second flap 95 will rotate to the position of the air inlet 92 to take in air again.

[0105] The cross-section of the rotating plate 93 is hexagonal in structure, and the center position of the rotating plate 93 and the axis of the outer shell 98 are eccentrically arranged. The first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 are respectively slidably connected to the annular groove 97, and the bottom end of the exhaust pipe 22 is sealed and connected to the treatment tank 5.

[0106] It can be understood that: because the rotating plate 93 and the outer shell 98 are eccentrically rotated, the rotating plate 93 is eccentric during rotation. During actual operation, the user can use a coil spring to connect the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 to the rotating plate 93, and limit the annular groove 97 to ensure that the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 can be transmitted stably and regularly.

[0107] This embodiment:

[0108] Compared to traditional exhaust designs, the first flap 94, the second flap 95, and the third flap 96 in this case form interlayer spaces between each other. When each space rotates to the air inlet 92, the space is maximized. When it rotates to the position of the negative pressure cover 91, the volume of the space changes due to the effect of eccentric rotation. This design can divide the volatile gas into three spaces for transportation, and can also form separate compression during transportation.

[0109] This ensures that the volatile gas can be transported to the processing tank 5 stably and quickly. At the same time, when the rotating plate 93 stops, the first flap 94, the second flap 95 and the third flap 96 can close and block the air inlet 92 no matter what position they are in. In this way, even if overflow occurs in the extraction tank 3, the air intake mechanism 9 can automatically block the processing tank 5 and the extraction tank 3 to ensure that the work will not be affected by each other.

[0110] Fourth embodiment:

[0111] A method for recovering valuable components, comprising the following steps:

[0112] S1: Weigh the spent carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid and mix them in proportion, react them at a certain temperature for a period of time, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A;

[0113] S2: adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide in proportion to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjusting the pH to 12-13 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then separating the solid and liquid to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B;

[0114] S3: mixing the crude calcium fluoride with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid for pickling, filtering and washing with water after pickling to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0115] S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0116] S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water;

[0117] S6: The volatile gas produced in S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution. After saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution can be used to adjust the pH of S2.

[0118] The following effects are a variety of different effects obtained by combining experimental methods:

[0119] The first one:

[0120] S1: Weigh 100g of spent carbon cathode and mix it with 3mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1. React at 68°C for 5 hours, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A.

[0121] S2: Calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide were added to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, and the pH was adjusted to 12 at 68° C. and reacted for 5 hours, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B;

[0122] S3: The crude calcium fluoride is mixed with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1 for pickling, and after pickling, filtered and washed with water at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1 to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0123] S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 6.5 at 68° C. and reacting for 3 hours, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0124] S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, the distilled water can be obtained by step S1;

[0125] S6: The volatile gas generated in step S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution, and after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution is used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0126] The second method combining the above

[0127] The second type:

[0128] S1: Weigh 500g of spent carbon cathode and mix it with 4mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1. React at 68°C for 4 hours, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A.

[0129] S2: Calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide were added to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, and the pH was adjusted to 13 at 68°C and reacted for 4 hours, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B;

[0130] S3: The crude calcium fluoride is mixed with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1 for pickling, and after pickling, filtered and washed with water at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1 to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0131] S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 6.0 at 68° C. and reacting for 2.5 hours, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0132] S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, the distilled water can be obtained by step S1;

[0133] S6: The volatile gas generated in step S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution, and after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution is used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0134] The third type:

[0135] S1: Weigh 1000g of spent carbon cathode and mix it with 4mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-solid ratio of 6:1. React at 68°C for 3 hours, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A.

[0136] S2: Calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide were added to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, and the pH was adjusted to 12.5 at 68°C and reacted for 4 hours, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B;

[0137] S3: The crude calcium fluoride is mixed with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1 for pickling, and after pickling, filtered and washed with water at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1 to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride;

[0138] S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 5.5 at 68° C. and reacting for 2.5 hours, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C;

[0139] S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water, the distilled water can be obtained by step S1;

[0140] S6: The volatile gas generated in step S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution, and after saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution is used for pH adjustment in step S2.

[0141] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings under the concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Equipment for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste, characterized in that: It includes a base plate, a pedestal, an extraction tank, a processing tank and an extraction mechanism; The pedestal is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, the outer wall of the extraction tank is mounted on the inner wall of the pedestal, a water tank is mounted on the upper surface of the base plate and on one side of the pedestal, and the processing tank is fixed on the upper surface of the water tank; A first top plate is mounted on the top of the extraction tank by bolts, a feed pipe is fixed to the side wall of the extraction tank, an extraction motor is mounted on the top of the first top plate, a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe are mounted on the upper surface of the first top plate and located in front and behind the extraction motor, respectively, and a discharge pipe is mounted on the bottom of the extraction tank; The extraction mechanism includes a fixing ring fixed on the inner wall of the extraction tank, four sleeves are fixed on the upper surface of the fixing ring, the upper surfaces of the four sleeves are slidably connected with a sliding rod, the outer wall of the sliding rod is fixed with a lifting rod, the top of the sliding rod is fixed with a lifting ring, two guide wheels are installed on the upper surface of the lifting ring, the output shaft keyway of the extraction motor is connected with a key rod, the outer wall keyway of the key rod is connected with a rotating ring, the bottom of the rotating ring is equipped with two convex plates by bolts, the bottom end of the key rod is fixed with a stirring rod inside the extraction tank, and the interior of the four sleeves is equipped with a reset spring.

2. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ports of the first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe pass through the interior of the first top plate and extend into the interior of the extraction tank. The top of the key rod is rotatably connected to the axis of the first top plate through a bearing.

3. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sleeves are distributed in an annular manner with equal distances about the axis of the fixing ring, and the bottom end of the sliding rod contacts the upper surface of the reset spring.

4. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the lifting ring slides up and down relative to the inner wall of the extraction tank, and the two guide wheels are in continuous contact with the lower surface of the rotating ring.

5. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a regulating mechanism; A second top plate is installed on the top of the treatment tank, a treatment motor is installed on the top of the second top plate, a treatment pump is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the water tank, a water pipe is installed on the outlet end of the treatment pump, two positioning racks are installed on the inner wall of the treatment tank, spray pipes are mounted on the upper surfaces of the two positioning racks, an inspection pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the treatment tank and on one side of the spray pipe, a circulation pump is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate and on one side of the treatment pump, and an auxiliary pipe is installed on the outlet end of the circulation pump; The adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod, a first filling plate and a second filling plate. The keyway of the rotating rod is connected to the output shaft of the processing motor. The first filling plate and the second filling plate are fixed to the inner wall of the processing tank and are located below the spray pipe. The outer wall of the rotating rod and the keyway below the first filling plate and the second filling plate are connected with the first turntable and the second turntable. The first filling plate, the second filling plate, the first turntable and the second turntable are all provided with the same notch inside.

6. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water pipe and the spray pipe are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the treatment pump and the water tank are sealed and connected, the outlet end of the auxiliary pipe and the second inlet pipe are sealed and connected, the inlet end of the circulation pump and the back of the water tank are sealed and connected, the outer walls of the first turntable and the second turntable are in contact with the inner wall of the treatment tank, the notch is an arc-shaped structure, and the rotating rod passes through the axis of the first filler plate and the second filler plate.

7. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a connection mechanism and an air intake mechanism; An exhaust pipe is installed on the side wall of the extraction tank, and the connection mechanism includes a mounting plate and a ratchet. The mounting plate is fixed to the inner wall of the extraction tank, the ratchet keyway is connected to the outer wall of the key rod and is located above the mounting plate, the outer wall of the ratchet is meshed with a ratchet gear, and a drive pulley is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate and located on one side of the ratchet gear, and the outer walls of the ratchet gear and the drive pulley are covered with a belt; The air intake mechanism includes a negative pressure hood and an outer shell. The negative pressure hood is fixed to the outlet end of the exhaust pipe and is located above the mounting plate. The outer shell is fixed to the outer wall of the negative pressure hood. An air inlet is provided inside the outer shell. A rotating plate is connected to the axis of the driving pulley and is located in a keyway inside the outer shell. The outer wall of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the first flap, the second flap and the third flap. An annular groove is provided on the inner bottom of the outer shell.

8. The device for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross-section of the rotating plate is hexagonal, the center position of the rotating plate and the axis of the outer shell are eccentrically arranged, the first flap, the second flap and the third flap are respectively slidably connected to the annular groove, and the bottom end of the exhaust pipe is sealed and connected to the treatment tank.

9. A method for recovering valuable components, characterized in that: The method for recovering valuable components comprises the apparatus for extracting aluminum and calcium from solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps; S1: Weigh the spent carbon cathode, water and hydrochloric acid and mix them in proportion, react them at a certain temperature for a period of time, and filter to obtain high-purity carbon blocks and fluorine-containing filtrate A; S2: adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide in proportion to the fluorine-containing filtrate A, adjusting the pH to 12-13 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then separating the solid and liquid to obtain crude calcium fluoride and filtrate B; S3: mixing the crude calcium fluoride with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid for pickling, filtering and washing with water after pickling to obtain high-purity calcium fluoride; S4: adding hydrochloric acid to the filtrate B, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 at a certain temperature and reacting for a period of time, and then filtering to obtain cryolite and filtrate C; S5: Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate C to obtain sodium chloride and distilled water; S6: The volatile gas generated in S1 is absorbed by alkaline solution. After saturation, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize the cyanide in the saturated solution. The oxidized alkaline solution can be used to adjust the pH of S2.

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