High-temperature solid hydrogen storage device capable of being quickly started at normal temperature and control method of high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device capable of being quickly started at normal temperature. The high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device consists of a hydrogen storage unit, a heating system, a gas supply system, a shell and a temperature control device, the hydrogen storage unit is composed of a solid hydrogen storage material bed layer trigger area, a solid hydrogen storage material bed layer sweep area and a bed layer support; the heating system consists of a power supply channel and an electric heating element; the gas supply system consists of a gas inlet / outlet, a filter screen and a clearance space; the shell is composed of a hydrogen storage tank barrel, a hydrogen storage tank end cover, a sealing gasket and a threaded sleeve. The temperature control device exchanges heat through heat exchange fluid. The invention discloses a control method of a high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device based on normal-temperature quick start. The control method comprises the following steps: 1, preparation before hydrogen absorption; 2, starting a hydrogen absorption process; and 3, controlling the hydrogen absorption process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and specifically relates to a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device that can be quickly started at room temperature and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When solid-state hydrogen storage materials are used in the laboratory, only a small amount of solid-state hydrogen storage material is used, and the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed is simple and fast. However, in actual application, due to the large mass and low thermal conductivity of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, conventional high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices have the problem of difficulty and long time to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed. The reason is that currently existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices use the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method, that is, the entire medium- and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material bed is heated to a high temperature by a heat exchange fluid, and then hydrogen is introduced to carry out the hydrogen absorption reaction. For example, existing document 1 (Large scale magnesium hydride tank coupled with an external heat source, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37:9103-9111) uses high-temperature heat transfer oil to heat the MgH2 bed to approximately 240°C before performing the hydrogen absorption operation. During the subsequent hydrogen absorption reaction, the heat transfer oil temperature is also maintained at approximately 240°C to remove the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction. However, this type of heat exchange fluid-based startup method has the following two technical problems:

[0003] 1. Due to the use of heat exchange fluid, the required heat exchange fluid has the basic characteristics of large specific heat capacity and large volume. Therefore, during the heating process, there are problems such as high energy consumption and long heating time, which is referred to as the energy consumption-time problem. Specifically, in existing literature 1, the start-up time of the hydrogen absorption reaction of the solid hydrogen storage material bed is 2 hours;

[0004] 2. Due to the use of heat exchange fluid, there is a thermal management system that needs to realize the heating and cooling functions at the same time. Therefore, after the startup process is completed, the heat exchange fluid is in a high temperature state. At the same time, due to the large specific heat capacity of the heat exchange fluid, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid drops slowly, which directly leads to the low heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange fluid in the subsequent hydrogen absorption reaction process, and ultimately leads to the problem of low cooling efficiency. The reaction temperature cannot be controlled in time, which is referred to as the temperature control problem.

[0005] To address the energy-time issue mentioned above, a thermal management system can employ electric heating. For example, existing literature 2 (Experimental and numerical study of a magnesium hydride tank, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35:6311-6322) uses heating coils wrapped around the outer wall of a hydrogen storage tank filled with MgH2 material. The coils heat the material bed to 300°C before performing the hydrogen absorption operation.

[0006] However, the problem with this technical solution consists of two aspects:

[0007] 1. The electric heating coil is set outside the hydrogen storage device, which directly leads to a long heating distance from the electric heating coil to the center of the solid hydrogen storage material bed. In addition, an additional insulation device needs to be set outside the heating coil;

[0008] 2. The electric heating coil needs to heat the entire medium- and high-temperature solid hydrogen storage material bed. The energy consumption required for heating increases in direct proportion to the mass of the heated solid hydrogen storage material.

[0009] The combined consequence of the above two problems is that the startup time and energy consumption cannot be effectively reduced. Specifically, the startup time of the existing document 2 still takes more than 1 hour.

[0010] In addition, the existing document 2 still cannot effectively solve the problem 2, temperature control problem, in the existing document 1. The reason is that the existing document 2 uses an electric heating coil as the heating system, that is, there is no need to use a heat exchange fluid, but instead uses a technical solution of setting cooling air inside the hydrogen storage device for cooling. However, since the cooling air is set inside the hydrogen storage device, there is a problem of small heat exchange area, which directly leads to the inability to quickly remove the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction, that is, the heat exchange effect is poor; at the same time, since the heating coil of the existing document 2 is arranged on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage device, it directly leads to the obstruction of the contact between the hydrogen storage device and the external low-temperature environment, that is, there is a problem of large heat dissipation resistance of the hydrogen storage device to the external low-temperature environment. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device with rapid startup at room temperature and a control method thereof. The inventive principle of the present invention is:

[0012] 1. Separate the heating system from the cooling system to separate the heating process from the cooling process, reduce the mutual influence between the two systems, achieve orderly energy flow within the hydrogen storage device, and simplify the thermal management system structure and its control operation;

[0013] 2. By placing the heating system inside the hydrogen storage device, the heat transmission distance from the heating system to the solid hydrogen storage material bed can be shortened. At the same time, the heat dissipation to the external environment during the startup process can be reduced on the basis of reducing the insulation structure;

[0014] 3. A method of heating part of the solid-state hydrogen storage material to trigger the reaction of the remaining hydrogen storage material is adopted to reduce the energy consumption required for the reaction. The principle is that, first, only the part of the medium- and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material near the electric heating structure is heated to start the hydrogen absorption reaction of this part of the medium- and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material; then, the electric heating structure stops heating. Since the hydrogen absorption reaction is an exothermic reaction, the remaining part of the medium- and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material can trigger subsequent reactions through the heat released by the hydrogen absorption reaction of the reacted part of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, until the hydrogen absorption of the entire medium- and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material bed is completed.

[0015] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0016] A high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device with rapid startup at room temperature, consisting of a hydrogen storage unit, a heating system, a gas supply system, a housing, and a temperature control device;

[0017] The hydrogen storage unit consists of a solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area, a solid hydrogen storage material bed swept area and a bed support;

[0018] In the hydrogen storage unit, the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone and the solid hydrogen storage material affected zone are both composed of solid hydrogen storage material particles and pores;

[0019] The bed support is composed of a sleeve and a separator. The sleeve is composed of a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab and an insulating part. The separator is fixed at the bottom of the sleeve.

[0020] One side of the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area is connected to the bed support, and the other side is connected to the solid hydrogen storage material bed affected area; the distance from the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area to the bed support is 0-15mm;

[0021] There is a gap between the hydrogen storage unit and the side wall of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the upper and lower walls of the hydrogen storage tank;

[0022] The heating system consists of a power supply channel and electric heating elements;

[0023] In the heating system, a positive electrode channel and a negative electrode channel are provided inside the power channel, and positive and negative power supply ports are provided on the surface; a sealing thread is provided on the outer surface of the lower middle portion of the power channel; the power channel is in close contact with the sleeve of the bed support; the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab on the sleeve are aligned with the positive and negative power supply ports on the power channel;

[0024] The electric heating element is arranged inside the partition plate, and the electric heating element is insulated from other materials of the partition plate; the positive and negative ends of the electric heating element are respectively connected to the positive and negative pole ears of the sleeve;

[0025] Multiple hydrogen storage units are fixed in series on the power supply channel, with gaps between the hydrogen storage units;

[0026] The gas supply system consists of gas inlet and outlet, filter screen and gap space;

[0027] In the gas supply system, a filter is provided at the lower side of the gas inlet and outlet to filter the gas entering and leaving the hydrogen storage tank;

[0028] The outer shell is composed of a hydrogen storage tank body, a hydrogen storage tank end cover, a sealing gasket and a threaded sleeve;

[0029] In the shell, the internal cavity of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder accommodates the hydrogen storage unit, the heating system and the gas supply system; the upper edge of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder is provided with a cylinder flange connection hole;

[0030] The edge of the hydrogen storage tank end cover is provided with an end cover flange connection hole; the end cover of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a gas inlet and outlet;

[0031] The cylinder flange connection hole and the end cover flange connection hole are connected by bolts; when the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank end cover are connected, a sealing gasket is provided between the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank end cover;

[0032] The threaded sleeve is fixed to the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank body, connecting the interior of the hydrogen storage tank body with the external environment; the inner surface of the threaded sleeve is provided with a sealing thread; the sealing thread on the inner surface of the threaded sleeve cooperates with the sealing thread on the outer surface of the power channel to fix the power channel and seal the hydrogen storage tank body;

[0033] The temperature control device uses heat exchange fluid to exchange heat;

[0034] In the temperature control device, the temperature control device is arranged outside the cylinder of the hydrogen storage tank and is used to take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0035] A control method for a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device based on room-temperature rapid startup comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Preparation before hydrogen absorption: First, arrange solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage tank, then seal the hydrogen storage tank and perform vacuum operation to remove impurity gases in the hydrogen storage tank. Finally, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank through the gas supply system to make the hydrogen pressure reach the operating pressure. At the same time, the temperature control device is started to control the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0037] Step 2: Initiating the hydrogen absorption process, the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone in the hydrogen storage unit is heated by a heating system in accordance with the conditions required by the solid-state hydrogen storage material, i.e., heating temperature and heating time, to achieve continuous and rapid hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone;

[0038] Step 3: Controlling the hydrogen absorption process: The progress of the hydrogen absorption reaction in the triggering zone of the solid hydrogen storage material bed and the affected zone of the solid hydrogen storage material is controlled by adjusting the speed of the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device; after the hydrogen absorption reaction is completed or the control is completed, the gas supply system stops supplying gas, and at the same time, the temperature control device reduces the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank to room temperature;

[0039] When the solid hydrogen storage material is Mg2Ni,

[0040] In the step 1, the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone and the solid hydrogen storage material bed swept zone are both cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm, wherein the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone height is 0.5 cm, and the solid hydrogen storage material bed swept zone height is 4.5 cm;

[0041] The operating pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is 0.6-5MPa;

[0042] The temperature control device uses heat exchange fluid, the heat exchange fluid is thermal oil, the density of thermal oil is 600-900kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 5-30W / (m·K), heat capacity is 1800-3000J / (kg·K), heat transfer coefficient is 200-5000W / m 2 , the heat transfer fluid temperature is 288.15-308.15K;

[0043] In step 2, the electric heating element in the heating system is a resistance wire with a heating power of 1000W; the resistance wire is placed in the partition plate of the bed support, and the partition plate is disc-shaped, 0.5 cm in height and 14 cm in diameter;

[0044] When the solid-state hydrogen storage material is Mg2Ni, the heating temperature needs to reach 373.15-523.15K and the heating time is 30-600s, so that the temperature of the trigger zone of the solid-state hydrogen storage material reaches the temperature condition for the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the trigger zone to achieve rapid and continuous hydrogen absorption.

[0045] After experimental testing, the technical effects of the present invention were compared with the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method. It was found that the startup time of the hydrogen storage device of the present invention was only 6.9% of the traditional method, the energy consumption was only 10.8% of the traditional method, and the completion time of the hydrogen absorption reaction of the hydrogen storage device was shortened by 23.1%.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. The present invention proposes a method for starting the hydrogen absorption process of a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The method places a heating system inside the hydrogen storage device, shortens the distance between the heating system and the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed, improves the heat transfer rate, and heats only a portion of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the startup speed of the hydrogen storage device.

[0048] 2. Placing the heating system inside the hydrogen storage device reduces heat loss to the surrounding low-temperature environment. In addition, heating only a portion of the medium- and high-temperature solid hydrogen storage material can trigger the solid hydrogen storage material bed to continuously absorb hydrogen, reducing energy consumption during the startup process of the hydrogen storage device.

[0049] 3. The heat transfer performance between the temperature control system outside the hydrogen storage device and the solid hydrogen storage material bed is improved. Compared with the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method, the initial fluid temperature is low, the heat transfer temperature difference is large, the temperature control device cools down quickly, the heat load is small, and the hydrogen storage device's hydrogen absorption reaction is completed in a short time;

[0050] 4. The heating system and temperature control system in the thermal management system of the hydrogen storage device are separated. The thermal management system structure and internal heat flow are simple and clear, and the operation and control methods are simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage tank in Example 1, wherein 1 is a hydrogen storage unit, 1-1 is a solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering area, 1-2 is a solid-state hydrogen storage material bed affected area, 1-3 is a bed support, 2 is a heating system, 2-1 is a power supply channel, 3 is a gas supply system, 3-1 is a gas inlet and outlet, 3-2 is a filter, 4 is an outer shell, 4-1 is a hydrogen storage tank cylinder, 4-1-1 is a cylinder flange connection hole, 4-2 is a hydrogen storage tank end cover, 4-2-1 is an end cover flange connection hole, 4-3 is a sealing gasket, 4-4 is a threaded sleeve, and 5 is a temperature control device;

[0052] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the bed support structure of Example 1, wherein 1-3-1 is a sleeve, 1-3-1-1 is a positive electrode tab, 1-3-1-2 is a negative electrode tab, 1-3-1-3 is an insulating part, and 1-3-2 is a separator;

[0053] Figure 3 Comparison of the reaction fraction of the solid hydrogen storage tank under the startup and control method of Example 1 and the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention is further described in detail through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0055] A high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device with rapid start-up at room temperature, such as Figure 1As shown, it consists of a hydrogen storage unit 1, a heating system 2, a gas supply system 3, a shell 4 and a temperature control device 5.

[0056] The specific position and structural relationship of the hydrogen storage unit 1 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area 1-1, a solid hydrogen storage material bed sweeping area 1-2 and a bed support 1-3.

[0057] The solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area 1-1 and the solid hydrogen storage material affected area 1-2 are both composed of solid hydrogen storage material particles and pores;

[0058] The specific position and structural relationship of the bed supports 1-3 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it consists of a sleeve 1-3-1 and a partition plate 1-3-2.

[0059] The sleeve 1-3-1 consists of a positive electrode tab 1-3-1-1, a negative electrode tab 1-3-1-2 and an insulating part 1-3-1-3;

[0060] The partition plate 1-3-2 is fixed at the bottom of the sleeve 1-3-1;

[0061] One side of the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area 1-1 is connected to the bed support 1-3, and the other side is connected to the solid hydrogen storage material bed affected area 1-2; the distance between the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area 1-1 and the bed support 1-3 is 0-15mm;

[0062] There is a gap between the hydrogen storage unit 1 and the side wall of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 and the upper and lower walls of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0063] The specific position and structure relationship of the heating system 2 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a power supply channel 2-1 and an electric heating element; it is used for heating and starting the solid hydrogen storage material trigger area 1-1,

[0064] The power channel 2-1 is provided with a positive electrode channel and a negative electrode channel inside, and a positive power supply port and a negative power supply port on the surface; a sealing thread is provided on the outer surface of the lower middle portion of the power channel 2-1; the power channel 2-1 is in close contact with the sleeve 1-3-1 of the bed support 1-3; the positive electrode tab 1-3-1-1 and the negative electrode tab 1-3-1-1 on the sleeve 1-3-1 are aligned with the positive power supply port and the negative power supply port on the power channel 2-1;

[0065] The electric heating element is arranged inside the partition plate 1-3-2, and the electric heating element is insulated from other materials of the partition plate 1-3-2; the positive and negative ends of the electric heating element are respectively connected to the positive electrode tab 1-3-1-1 and the negative electrode tab 1-3-1-2 of the sleeve 1-3-1;

[0066] A plurality of hydrogen storage units 1 are fixed in series on the power supply channel 2 - 1 , with gaps between the hydrogen storage units 1 .

[0067] The gas supply system 3 consists of a gas inlet and outlet 3-1, a filter 3-2 and a gap space; the gas supply system 3 is used to realize gas exchange between the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area 1-1 and the solid hydrogen storage material bed affected area 1-2 and the outside.

[0068] A filter 3-2 is provided on the lower side of the gas inlet and outlet 3-1 to filter the gas entering and leaving the hydrogen storage tank.

[0069] The specific position and structure relationship of the housing 4 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a hydrogen storage tank body 4-1, a hydrogen storage tank end cover 4-2, a sealing gasket 4-3 and a threaded sleeve 4-4.

[0070] The internal cavity of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 accommodates the hydrogen storage unit 1, the heating system 2 and the gas supply system 3; the upper edge of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 is provided with a cylinder flange connection hole 4-1-1;

[0071] The edge of the hydrogen storage tank end cover 4-2 is provided with an end cover flange connection hole 4-2-1; the hydrogen storage tank end cover 4-2 is provided with a gas inlet and outlet 3-1;

[0072] The cylinder flange connection hole 4-1-1 and the end cover flange connection hole 4-2-1 are connected by bolts; when the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 and the hydrogen storage tank end cover 4-2 are connected, a sealing gasket 4-3 is provided between the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 and the hydrogen storage tank end cover 4-2;

[0073] The threaded sleeve 4-4 is fixed at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1, connecting the interior of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 with the external environment; the inner surface of the threaded sleeve 4-4 is provided with a sealing thread; the sealing thread on the inner surface of the threaded sleeve 4-4 cooperates with the sealing thread on the outer surface of the power supply channel 2-1 to fix the power supply channel 2-1 and seal the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1.

[0074] The temperature control device 5 is arranged outside the hydrogen storage tank cylinder 4-1 and uses a heat exchange fluid for heat exchange; the temperature control device 5 is used to remove the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0075] Taking commercial Mg2Ni as a solid-state hydrogen storage material as an example, a control method for a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device based on room-temperature rapid startup includes the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: Preparation before hydrogen absorption: First, arrange solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage tank, then seal the hydrogen storage tank and perform vacuum operation to remove impurity gases in the hydrogen storage tank. Finally, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank through the gas supply system to make the hydrogen pressure reach the operating pressure. At the same time, the temperature control device is started to control the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0077] The solid-state hydrogen storage material is commercial Mg2Ni, and the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed trigger zone and the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed swept zone are both cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed trigger zone height is 0.5 cm, and the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed swept zone height is 4.5 cm;

[0078] The operating pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is 1.0 MPa;

[0079] The temperature control device uses a heat exchange fluid for heat exchange, and the heat exchange fluid is heat transfer oil, and the density of the heat transfer oil is 668kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 20W / (m·K), heat capacity is 2910J / (kg·K), heat transfer coefficient is 2000W / m 2 , the heat transfer fluid temperature is 298.15K.

[0080] Step 2: Initiating the hydrogen absorption process, the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone in the hydrogen storage unit is heated by a heating system in accordance with the conditions required by the solid-state hydrogen storage material, i.e., heating temperature and heating time, to achieve continuous and rapid hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone;

[0081] In the heating system, the electric heating element is a resistance wire with a heating power of 1000W; the resistance wire is placed in the partition plate of the bed support, and the partition plate is disc-shaped, with a height of 0.5 cm and a diameter of 14 cm;

[0082] When the solid hydrogen storage material is Mg2Ni, the heating temperature needs to reach 373.15K and the heating time is 50s to achieve the temperature of the trigger zone of the solid hydrogen storage material reaching the temperature condition for the solid hydrogen storage material in the trigger zone to achieve rapid and continuous hydrogen absorption;

[0083] Step 3, control of the hydrogen absorption process, by adjusting the speed of the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device to control the progress of the hydrogen absorption reaction in the trigger area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material bed and the affected area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material; after the hydrogen absorption reaction is completed or the control is completed, the gas supply system stops supplying gas, and at the same time, the temperature control device lowers the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank to room temperature.

[0084] In order to prove that the hydrogen storage device of the present invention can start and complete the hydrogen absorption process, the hydrogen storage tank startup and hydrogen absorption test was carried out. The test results are as follows Figure 3 As shown,

[0085] When the startup time is 33 seconds, the reaction fraction of the solid hydrogen storage material bed in the hydrogen storage tank increases rapidly, that is, the solid hydrogen storage material bed enters the continuous rapid reaction stage, which indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is successfully started.

[0086] When the reaction fraction of the solid hydrogen storage material bed in the hydrogen storage tank reaches 0.9, the time required is 2000s;

[0087] According to calculation, during the startup process, the energy consumption of the startup and control method of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen absorption process of the present invention is 50 kJ.

[0088] In order to prove that the device and method of the present invention can achieve the effect of saving startup energy and accelerating the hydrogen absorption reaction, comparative example 1 is provided, which is a traditional heat exchange fluid startup method.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] A control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage device based on traditional heat exchange fluid startup, referred to as the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method, is the same as in Example 1 except that the heating system within the hydrogen storage tank is not used. Instead, the solid-state hydrogen storage material is heated using the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device. Specifically, the temperature control device is activated to raise the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device to 393.15K. The temperature control device then delivers the heat exchange fluid to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen storage tank, i.e., the startup device. After the hydrogen storage tank is started, the heat exchange fluid is maintained at 393.15K to remove the heat generated during the hydrogen absorption process.

[0091] It is shown that due to the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid and the bed of solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid needs to be increased to 393.15K to meet the requirements of triggering the reaction; further, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device needs to be maintained at 393.15K.

[0092] The test results of traditional hydrogen storage tank startup and hydrogen absorption, that is, the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method, are as follows Figure 3 As shown,

[0093] When the startup time is 17s, the reaction fraction of the solid hydrogen storage material bed in the hydrogen storage tank increases rapidly, that is, the solid hydrogen storage material bed enters the continuous rapid reaction stage, which indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is successfully started; however, since the temperature of the heat exchange fluid has been heated to 393.15K when the startup time is 0s, the actual startup time of the hydrogen storage tank should be Figure 3 The startup time shown in the figure plus the heat exchange fluid heating time is specifically 460s. Therefore, the startup time of the hydrogen storage tank under the traditional heat exchange fluid startup method is 477s. Compared with Example 1, it can be seen that the startup time increases by 1345%;

[0094] When the reaction fraction of the solid hydrogen storage material bed in the hydrogen storage tank reaches 0.9, the time required is 2600s. Compared with Example 1, it can be seen that the required time increases by 30%. The reason is that the temperature of the heat exchange fluid is maintained at 393.15K, resulting in a small temperature difference between the heat exchange fluid and the solid hydrogen storage material bed, and a slow heat transfer rate.

[0095] Calculations show that the energy consumption during startup using a conventional heat exchange fluid startup method is 460 kJ. This figure does not account for energy dissipated during fluid flow. Compared to the startup and control method for the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage and absorption process of the present invention, energy consumption increases by 820%.

Claims

1. A high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device with rapid start-up at room temperature, characterized by: It consists of a hydrogen storage unit, a heating system, a gas supply system, a shell and a temperature control device; The hydrogen storage unit consists of a solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area, a solid hydrogen storage material bed swept area and a bed support; The heating system consists of a power supply channel and electric heating elements; The gas supply system consists of gas inlet and outlet, filter screen and gap space; The outer shell is composed of a hydrogen storage tank body, a hydrogen storage tank end cover, a sealing gasket and a threaded sleeve; The temperature control device uses a heat exchange fluid to exchange heat.

2. The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hydrogen storage unit, the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone and the solid hydrogen storage material affected zone are both composed of solid hydrogen storage material particles and pores; The bed support is composed of a sleeve and a separator. The sleeve is composed of a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab and an insulating part. The separator is fixed at the bottom of the sleeve. One side of the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area is connected to the bed support, and the other side is connected to the solid hydrogen storage material bed affected area; the distance from the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering area to the bed support is 0-15mm; There is a gap between the hydrogen storage unit and the side wall of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the upper and lower walls of the hydrogen storage tank.

3. The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein: In the heating system, a positive electrode channel and a negative electrode channel are provided inside the power channel, and positive and negative power supply ports are provided on the surface; a sealing thread is provided on the outer surface of the lower middle portion of the power channel; the power channel is in close contact with the sleeve of the bed support; the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab on the sleeve are aligned with the positive and negative power supply ports on the power channel; The electric heating element is arranged inside the partition plate, and the electric heating element is insulated from other materials of the partition plate; the positive and negative ends of the electric heating element are respectively connected to the positive and negative pole ears of the sleeve; A plurality of hydrogen storage units are fixed in series on the power supply channel, with gap spaces left between the hydrogen storage units.

4. The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein: In the gas supply system, a filter is provided at the lower side of the gas inlet and outlet for filtering the gas entering and exiting the hydrogen storage tank.

5. The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein: In the shell, the internal cavity of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder accommodates the hydrogen storage unit, the heating system and the gas supply system; the upper edge of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder is provided with a cylinder flange connection hole; The edge of the hydrogen storage tank end cover is provided with an end cover flange connection hole; the end cover of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a gas inlet and outlet; The cylinder flange connection hole and the end cover flange connection hole are connected by bolts; when the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank end cover are connected, a sealing gasket is provided between the hydrogen storage tank cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank end cover; The threaded sleeve is fixed at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder, connecting the interior of the hydrogen storage tank cylinder with the external environment; a sealing thread is provided on the inner surface of the threaded sleeve; the sealing thread on the inner surface of the threaded sleeve cooperates with the sealing thread on the outer surface of the power channel to fix the power channel and seal the hydrogen storage tank cylinder.

6. The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein: In the temperature control device, the temperature control device is arranged outside the cylinder of the hydrogen storage tank and is used to take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction of the solid hydrogen storage material.

7. A control method for a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device based on rapid start-up at room temperature, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation before hydrogen absorption: First, arrange solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage tank, then seal the hydrogen storage tank and perform vacuum operation to remove impurity gases in the hydrogen storage tank. Finally, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank through the gas supply system to make the hydrogen pressure reach the operating pressure. At the same time, the temperature control device is started to control the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank. Step 2: Initiating the hydrogen absorption process, the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone in the hydrogen storage unit is heated by a heating system in accordance with the conditions required by the solid-state hydrogen storage material, i.e., heating temperature and heating time, to achieve continuous and rapid hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone; Step 3, control of the hydrogen absorption process, by adjusting the speed of the heat exchange fluid in the temperature control device to control the progress of the hydrogen absorption reaction in the trigger area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material bed and the affected area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material; after the hydrogen absorption reaction is completed or the control is completed, the gas supply system stops supplying gas, and at the same time, the temperature control device lowers the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank to room temperature.

8. The control method according to claim 7, wherein: When the solid hydrogen storage material is Mg2Ni, In the step 1, the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone and the solid hydrogen storage material bed swept zone are both cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm, wherein the solid hydrogen storage material bed triggering zone height is 0.5 cm, and the solid hydrogen storage material bed swept zone height is 4.5 cm; The operating pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is 0.6-5MPa; The temperature control device uses heat exchange fluid, the heat exchange fluid is thermal oil, the density of thermal oil is 600-900kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 5-30W / (m·K), heat capacity is 1800-3000J / (kg·K), heat transfer coefficient is 200-5000W / m 2 , the heat transfer fluid temperature is 288.15-308.15K; In step 2, the electric heating element in the heating system is a resistance wire with a heating power of 1000W; the resistance wire is placed in the partition plate of the bed support, and the partition plate is disc-shaped, 0.5 cm in height and 14 cm in diameter; When the solid-state hydrogen storage material is Mg2Ni, the heating temperature needs to reach 373.15-523.15K and the heating time is 30-600s, so that the temperature of the trigger zone of the solid-state hydrogen storage material reaches the temperature condition for the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the trigger zone to achieve rapid and continuous hydrogen absorption.

Images