Two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion as well as preparation method and application of two-dimensional material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of conductive materials, and discloses a two-dimensional material with one-way electron motion and a preparation method and application thereof. The two-dimensional material is a single-crystal material with a long-range periodic structure, has a ternary molecular single-layer structure in which ellagic acid, bismuth ions and acetate participate, and realizes unidirectional movement of electrons under the action of normal temperature, normal pressure and no magnetic field. According to the invention, a single-layer two-dimensional material is creatively developed, and effective inhibition of a scattering channel in an electron transport process is realized by eliminating an interlayer coupling effect. The single-layer structure material shows excellent one-way electron transmission stability, the rectification ratio of the single-layer structure material reaches 50 times of that of a traditional multi-layer structure (namely, the rectification ratio is improved by 5000%), and a new material platform is provided for designing high-performance quantum electronic devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of conductive materials, and in particular to a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Conductive two-dimensional materials, with their high specific surface area, offer significant application value in electronic devices, energy storage, and electrocatalysis. Existing conductive two-dimensional materials primarily achieve electron transport through two "bonding conduction" mechanisms: in graphene and conjugated polymer systems, the honeycomb lattice structure formed by sp² hybridized carbon atoms induces an in-plane π conjugation effect; in two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), transition metals (such as Cu) 2+ 、Zn 2+ ) forms directional coordination and overlap with the p orbital of the organic ligand (such as terephthalic acid) in the molecular plane.

[0003] However, this type of electron transport process is generally restricted by Coulomb disorder scattering, which makes it difficult for carrier mobility to exceed the theoretical limit and causes significant energy loss. For example, the actual mobility of centimeter-scale graphene films prepared by chemical vapor deposition is often reduced to 5,000 cm 2 / V·s or less, mainly due to charge scattering at grain boundaries; similarly, vibrational coupling at ligand-metal nodes in MOFs results in approximately 30% carrier energy dissipation, with energy losses reaching 150 meV at 300 K. This intrinsic defect severely limits the application of two-dimensional materials in high-speed electronic devices. For example, the switching energy consumption of MoS2-based field-effect transistors with a 10 nm channel length is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical value, necessitating the development of novel electron transport mechanisms to overcome this bottleneck.

[0004] Current research indicates that two-dimensional materials with intrinsic unidirectional electron transport are mostly van der Waals multilayer structures. In such structures, unavoidable interlayer coupling introduces additional carrier scattering channels, causing electron transport behavior to deviate significantly from the ideal unidirectional transport properties predicted by theory. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems and provides a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the first technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion is a single crystal material with a long-range periodic structure. It has a ternary molecular monolayer structure involving ellagic acid, bismuth ions and acetate groups, and realizes unidirectional electron motion at room temperature, normal pressure and in the absence of a magnetic field.

[0007] Preferably, the bismuth ions and acetate are provided by bismuth acetate.

[0008] Preferably, the molar ratio of ellagic acid, bismuth ion and acetate is 1:(1-5):(3-15).

[0009] The second technical solution adopted in the present invention is: A method for preparing a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion comprises adding ellagic acid hydrate and bismuth acetate to dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature and pressure to form a solid-liquid two-phase suspension, and obtaining a metal polyphenol single crystal through solid-liquid two-phase self-assembly; The metal polyphenol single crystal is added into the aqueous phase containing superbody anions and cations, and the supernatant is collected after ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation.

[0010] Preferably, the molar ratio of ellagic acid to bismuth acetate is 1:(1-5).

[0011] Preferably, the superbody anion is a rhenium salt of an all-nitrogen anion.

[0012] Preferably, the molar ratio of the metal polyphenol single crystal to the superbody anion and cation is 1:(5-10).

[0013] The third technical solution adopted in the present invention is: The first technical solution is the application of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron movement in conductive materials.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention innovatively develops a single-layer two-dimensional material and its fabrication technology. By eliminating interlayer coupling effects, it effectively suppresses scattering channels during electron transport. Experiments have confirmed that this single-layer structure exhibits excellent unidirectional electron transport stability, with a rectification ratio 50 times (a 5000% increase) compared to traditional multilayer structures, providing a new material platform for the design of high-performance quantum electronic devices.

[0015] This invention provides, for the first time, a metal polyphenol two-dimensional material that can achieve unidirectional electron transport at room temperature (25°C), atmospheric pressure (101 kPa), and without an external magnetic field (0 T), representing a breakthrough in this field. Compared to the limitations of traditional conductive two-dimensional materials, which rely on extreme conditions (such as ultra-low temperatures <40 K, high pressures >1 GPa, and strong magnetic fields >11.5 T) to barely achieve directional electron motion, this material exhibits unique electron transport properties under standard environmental conditions, providing a new material platform for the development of a new generation of low-energy electronic devices. This discovery not only breaks through the dependence of existing conductive materials on extreme environmental conditions, but also opens up a new research direction in the field of condensed matter physics for the manipulation of electrons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without a magnetic field.

[0016] This invention, for the first time, employs a synergistic approach of solid-liquid dual-phase self-assembly and aqueous supramolecular ion liquid-phase exfoliation to prepare two-dimensional materials. This approach, through the repetitive dissolution-assembly behavior of molecules, induces the formation of long-range ordered single crystal structures, overcoming the drawback of traditional liquid-phase self-assembly, which struggles to form ordered structures. Furthermore, the innovative aqueous supramolecular ion liquid-phase exfoliation technique utilizes the periodic motion of supramolecular ions in an electrolyte solution under an ultrasonic field to dynamically regulate interactions within the single crystal, achieving efficient and non-destructive exfoliation of organic supramolecular two-dimensional materials.

[0017] The process of the present invention is based on a mild solution-phase self-assembly method, requiring only ambient temperature and pressure reaction conditions. The raw materials used are widely available, renewable plant polyphenols and common metal salts, significantly reducing production costs while also demonstrating good environmental sustainability. This preparation process is characterized by ease of operation and high reproducibility, laying a solid foundation for large-scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the diffraction pattern of the metal polyphenol single crystal material prepared in the experimental group of Experimental Example 1; Figure 2 Diffraction patterns of metal polyphenol single crystal materials prepared from different control groups in Experimental Example 1; Figure 3 Optical microscope images of metal polyphenol single crystal materials prepared in different control groups in Experimental Example 1; Figure 4 The morphology and thickness of the two-dimensional material prepared in the experimental group of Experimental Example 2; Figure 5 The morphologies of the materials prepared in different experimental groups and control groups in Experimental Example 2; Figure 6 a is the supramolecular structure of the two-dimensional material in Experimental Example 3, and b is a comparison of the structural order of the two-dimensional material and the two-dimensional material in the prior art; Figure 7 Figure a is an image of the electron motion path of the two-dimensional material in Experimental Example 4, b is a test diagram of the electrical performance of the two-dimensional material, and c is a comparison of the unidirectional current magnitude of the two-dimensional material and the two-dimensional material in the prior art; Figure 8 The morphology and size of the two-dimensional materials prepared in Examples 1-6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion, which is a single crystal material with a long-range periodic structure and has a ternary molecular monolayer structure involving ellagic acid, bismuth ions and acetate groups, and realizes unidirectional electron motion at room temperature, normal pressure and in the absence of a magnetic field.

[0021] This two-dimensional material has a single-layer structure, that is, the material thickness is in the range of 0.4 nm-0.8 nm. It is a completely new two-dimensional material with a new structure. This structure has a vertical and long-range ordered π stacking structure, which can be used for the efficient transmission of electrons. Based on this structure, the two-dimensional material exhibits the property of unidirectional electron motion, and the structural orderliness is further improved, that is, the degree of distortion or structural damage of the molecular arrangement in the material is significantly reduced, which makes the unidirectional electron transmission ability of the two-dimensional material enhanced by 5000% compared with the two-dimensional material with multi-layer structure, solving the problem of excessive electron transmission energy loss caused by the disorder of electron motion path in previous conductive two-dimensional materials.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the bismuth ions and acetate are provided by bismuth acetate; the amounts of ellagic acid, bismuth ions and acetate in the two-dimensional material are adjusted according to the ability to obtain a single crystal structure, and the molar ratio is preferably 1: (1-5): (3-15).

[0023] This invention successfully fabricates a two-dimensional material with a long-range ordered structure through multiple supramolecular interactions between ellagic acid, metallic bismuth ions, and acetate. This material exhibits a unique vertically oriented π-π stacking configuration, forming highly directional electron transport channels and significantly promoting the directional migration of charge carriers within the two-dimensional plane. Compared with previously reported two-dimensional materials, this invention overcomes the limitations of traditional disordered electron transport modes and achieves more efficient directional carrier transport. This structural advantage not only significantly improves the material's charge transfer efficiency but also significantly reduces energy losses during electron migration.

[0024] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion. At room temperature and pressure, ellagic acid hydrate and bismuth acetate are added to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form a solid-liquid two-phase suspension, and metal polyphenol single crystals are obtained through the solid-liquid two-phase self-assembly. The metal polyphenol single crystal is added into the aqueous phase containing superbody anions and cations, and the supernatant is collected after ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation.

[0025] The present invention proposes for the first time a two-dimensional material preparation method based on solid-liquid biphase self-assembly and aqueous superbody ion liquid phase peeling synergy. Among them, solid-liquid biphase self-assembly technology realizes the controlled assembly of molecular ordered arrangement through the precise regulation of the interfacial mass transfer process, and successfully constructs a single crystal structure with long-range ordered characteristics. This ordered structure induction method is still the first in the relevant field. Specifically, in this preparation method, bismuth acetate is insoluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, and ellagic acid hydrate and bismuth acetate are added to dimethyl sulfoxide to form a solid-liquid two-phase suspension, containing bismuth acetate in the solid phase, and containing ellagic acid hydrate and dimethyl sulfoxide in the liquid phase. The solid-liquid biphase self-assembly mode is different from the prior art and is a special self-assembly means. At the solid-liquid interface, plant polyphenols and metal ions sustainably undergo self-assembly-disassembly process, so that the various forces of the self-assembly process can be effectively regulated to prepare a single crystal material with a long-range periodic structure. It has been confirmed that other self-assembly modes fail to form such single crystal structures.

[0026] The aqueous superbody ion liquid phase exfoliation technology innovatively utilizes the periodic motion of superbody cations and anions in the electrolyte solution under the action of an ultrasonic field to dynamically regulate the ionic interactions inside the single crystal, thereby achieving controllable exfoliation of high-quality two-dimensional materials. This technology is the first to apply the periodic action mechanism of superbody ions to the material exfoliation process. The two-dimensional materials prepared by the above innovative process exhibit highly ordered periodic structural characteristics, and their unique electron transport channel structure can effectively guide the directional migration of carriers. Experimental results show that the material not only significantly improves the electron mobility, but also significantly reduces the energy loss, showing excellent electrical properties. Specifically, this aqueous ion exfoliation technique is a unique exfoliation method. The aqueous solution used in this exfoliation method contains superionic cations, namely, an aqueous solution of rhenium salts with all-nitrogen anions. This type of solution has never been reported for liquid-phase exfoliation of two-dimensional materials. This superionic cation can periodically regulate the electrostatic interactions between lamellae within a single crystal through continuous molecular oscillation during ultrasound, effectively separating the lamellae within the crystal. This results in a single-layer two-dimensional material with a distinct periodic structure. This two-dimensional material has a ternary molecular two-dimensional structure involving ellagic acid, bismuth ions, and acetate. Other liquid-phase exfoliation techniques have been shown to be ineffective in exfoliating the two-dimensional material of this invention.

[0027] It should also be noted that the metal salt used in the present invention is bismuth acetate. It has been verified that other bismuth metal salts except bismuth acetate, such as bismuth nitrate, cannot form the single crystal structure of the present invention.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing metal polyphenol single crystals is as follows: at room temperature and pressure, ellagic acid hydrate and a metal salt of bismuth acetate are added to a dimethyl sulfoxide solution to form a solid-liquid two-phase suspension, ultrasonicated for 70-120 minutes, and then allowed to stand in a sealed environment in the dark for 8-13 days. After standing, the precipitate is centrifuged, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain the metal polyphenol single crystals. It should be noted that the ultrasonic treatment in this step is intended to promote intermolecular motion between the solid and liquid phases, so that the molecules between the two phases spontaneously combine and further self-assemble to form a single crystal structure. Therefore, the ultrasonication time can be selected by those skilled in the art based on the adaptability of the treatment effect.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the specific method of exfoliation is as follows: under normal temperature and pressure, the metal polyphenol single crystal powder is added to a saturated Re(N5)3 aqueous solution, sealed and ultrasonicated in a water bath at an ultrasonic frequency of 80 KHz and an ultrasonic power of 50~100 W for 70~120 min, and the supernatant is collected after centrifugation to obtain a suspended two-dimensional material.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of ellagic acid to bismuth acetate is 1: (1-5).

[0031] The superbody anions and cations used in the embodiments of the present invention are all-nitrogen anion rhenium salts; the amounts of metal polyphenol single crystals and superbody anions and cations are adjusted according to the two-dimensional material structure that can be obtained. In some preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of metal polyphenol single crystals to superbody anions and cations is 1: (5-10).

[0032] The third embodiment of the present invention provides an application of the two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion in the first embodiment in a conductive material.

[0033] The two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion provided by the present invention has the property of unidirectional electron motion, realizes the effective transmission of electrons, enhances the unidirectional electron transmission capacity by 5000%, and improves the conductive performance by 400 times compared with other structures.

[0034] Several examples are provided below to illustrate in detail the preparation method and properties of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion.

[0035] Example 1 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (0.7 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.3 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. After ultrasonic treatment for 70 min, the suspension was placed in a dark environment and allowed to stand for 8 d. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (5.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:5. After sealing, it was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 80 kHz and 50 W power for 70 min. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0036] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 4~5 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0037] Example 2 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (0.8 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.4 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. After ultrasonic treatment for 80 min, the suspension was placed in a dark environment and allowed to stand for 9 d. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (6.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:6. After sealing, it was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 80 kHz and 60 W power for 80 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0038] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 5~6 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0039] Example 3 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (0.9 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.5 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. After ultrasonic treatment for 90 min, the suspension was placed in a dark environment and allowed to stand for 10 d. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (7.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:7. After sealing, it was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 80 kHz and 70 W power for 90 min. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0040] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 6~7 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0041] Example 4 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (1.0 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.6 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. After ultrasonic treatment for 100 min, the suspension was placed in a dark environment and allowed to stand for 11 days. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (8.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:8. After sealing, it was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 100 kHz and 80 W power for 100 min. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0042] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 2~3 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0043] Example 5 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (1.1 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.7 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. The system was then ultrasonically treated for 110 min, and the suspension was then placed in a dark environment for 12 days. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum-dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (9.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:9. After sealing, the system was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 110 KHz and 80 W power for 110 min. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0044] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 3~4 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0045] Example 6 Preparation of two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion Ellagic acid hydrate (1.2 mM) and bismuth acetate (1.8 mM) were dissolved in DMSO solvent to form a solid-liquid mixed system. After ultrasonic treatment for 120 min, the suspension was placed in a dark environment and allowed to stand for 13 days. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed, separated, and vacuum dried at 50 °C for 48 h to obtain metal polyphenol single crystals. The metal polyphenol single crystal powder (1.0 mM) was dispersed in saturated Re(N5)3 solution (10.0 mM) with a molar ratio of 1:10. After sealing, it was placed in a water bath ultrasonicator at 80 kHz and 100 W power for 120 min. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain a two-dimensional material dispersion.

[0046] like Figure 8 The results show that the prepared metal polyphenol two-dimensional material has a lateral size of 1~2 μm, a thickness of 0.6~0.7 nm, and a single-layer structure.

[0047] Experimental Example 1 Analysis of the crystallinity of metal polyphenol single crystals Set up the following experimental and control groups: Experimental group: Metal polyphenol single crystal material prepared in Example 1 Control group 1: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone NMP; Control group 2: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of N,N-dimethylformamide DMF; Control group 3: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of ethanol EtOH; Control group 4: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of water; Control group 5: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that bismuth acetate is replaced by an equal amount of bismuth nitrate Bi(NO)3; Control group 6: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that bismuth acetate is replaced by an equal amount of bismuth sulfate Bi2(SO4)3; Control group 7: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that bismuth acetate is replaced by an equal amount of bismuth chloride BiCl3.

[0048] The suspensions of the metal polyphenol single crystal materials prepared in the experimental group and the control group were added dropwise to the surface of a clean molybdenum mesh, purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes, and then characterized by selected area electron diffraction. Figure 1-3 shown.

[0049] from Figure 1It can be seen that the diffraction pattern of the metal polyphenol single crystal material prepared by the experimental group has clear dot-like stripes, indicating that the material has a long-range ordered self-assembly structure, indicating a high degree of crystallinity. Figure 2 In the preparation of metal polyphenol single crystal materials using solvents other than DMSO, the diffraction pattern is only a ring of diffraction stripes, indicating that the ordered self-assembled structure in the control material is not complete, indicating that the crystallinity is poor. Figure 3 It can be seen that other bismuth metal salts except bismuth acetate cannot form a crystal structure, which means that other bismuth metal salts cannot form an ordered crystal structure like bismuth acetate.

[0050] Experimental Example 2 Analysis of the morphology and thickness of metal polyphenol two-dimensional materials Set up the following experimental and control groups: Experimental group: Metal polyphenol single crystal material prepared in Example 1 Control group 1: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of NMP; Control group 2: compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of tetrahydrofuran THF; Control group 3: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of EtOH; Control group 4: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of water; Control group 5: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of methanol MeOH; Control group 6: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that DMSO is replaced by an equal amount of ethylene glycol EG; Control group 7: compared with Example 1, the only difference was that DMSO was replaced by an equal amount of acetonitrile ACN.

[0051] The metal polyphenol two-dimensional material dispersion prepared in the above experimental groups and control group was dropped onto the surface of a clean mica sheet, and the mica sheet was purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes. The morphology and thickness were then characterized using an atomic force microscope. Figure 4-5 shown.

[0052] from Figure 4 It can be seen that the metal polyphenol two-dimensional material obtained by the experimental group has a lateral size of more than 2 μm and a thickness of about 0.65 nm, which is a single-layer structure. It also shows large lateral size and thin thickness characteristics, meeting the basic morphology requirements of two-dimensional materials (thickness must be less than 10 nm). Figure 5 It can be seen that if other solvents of the non-aqueous salt solution are used for the exfoliation process, a complete lamellar structure cannot be obtained.

[0053] Experimental Example 3 Analysis of the supramolecular structure of metal polyphenol two-dimensional materials The metal polyphenol 2D material dispersion prepared in Example 1 was evenly coated onto a clean molybdenum mesh substrate. After the solvent evaporated, the supramolecular arrangement was characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The supramolecular structure of the metal polyphenol 2D material was then observed using transmission electron microscopy. The degree of order in the 2D material was determined by analyzing the signal intensity at the (110) crystal plane in the transmission electron microscopy image.

[0054] The test results show that the sample after peeling presents a highly ordered parallel π-π stacking structure, and its interlayer distance is measured to be 0.34 nm, corresponding to the characteristic peak of the (110) crystal plane in the diffraction spectrum. This result is highly consistent with the supramolecular configuration simulated by theoretical simulation. In addition, the crystal order analysis shows that the degree of order of this two-dimensional material is greater than that of the two-dimensional material in the previous work (Example 5 of Chinese Patent CN118326445 A). Specific characterization data are as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0055] Experimental Example 4: Analysis of Electron Movement Paths in Metal Polyphenol Two-Dimensional Materials The electron paths of the metal polyphenol 2D material prepared in Example 1 were measured using an Oxford Instruments / Asylum Research Cypher S conductive atomic force microscope. Prior to testing, a dispersed droplet of the metal polyphenol 2D material was applied to a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate using precise pipetting to prepare a uniform sample. The treated substrate was then secured to the AFM sample stage. All measurements were performed in contact mode using a platinum-coated silicon probe (Olympus OMCL-AC240TM, nominal resonant frequency 180 kHz, elastic modulus 40 N·m). −1 ), and a 500 mV DC bias was applied to the sample stage. The optimized scanning parameters were set as follows: scanning range 5 μm × 5 μm, scanning rate 0.5 Hz, and keeping the tip-sample contact force constant below 20 nN to avoid surface deformation. Current imaging data was acquired synchronously by the acquisition module, and electrostatic shielding was implemented during the test to minimize environmental noise interference. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 7 shown.

[0056] Figure 7In a, AB represents the current change of the material across multiple unidirectional channels, and CD represents the current of the material in a single unidirectional channel. The characterization results show that there are highly ordered parallel conductive channels on the surface of the material. Electrical performance tests show that the average current intensity along the one-dimensional channel direction is 8 nA, which is significantly higher than the 2 nA measured value in the non-one-dimensional channel area, and the conductivity is improved by 400%. This phenomenon confirms that the two-dimensional material has obvious unidirectional electron motion characteristics, and its directional transmission channel formed by π-π stacking exhibits excellent carrier transport capabilities. In addition, further experiments show that the electrical conductivity of this two-dimensional material is 5000% higher than that of the two-dimensional material in Previous work (Example 5 in Chinese Patent CN 118326445 A), indicating that the unidirectional electron transport capability of this two-dimensional material is much higher than that of the previously reported two-dimensional materials. For specific test data, see Figure 7 shown.

[0057] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. Two-dimensional materials with unidirectional electron motion, characterized in that It is a single crystal material with a long-range periodic structure. It has a ternary molecular monolayer structure composed of ellagic acid, bismuth ions and acetate, and can realize unidirectional movement of electrons at room temperature, normal pressure and in the absence of a magnetic field.

2. The two-dimensional material according to claim 1, wherein The bismuth ions and acetate are provided by bismuth acetate.

3. The two-dimensional material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The molar ratio of ellagic acid, bismuth ion and acetate is 1:(1-5):(3-15).

4. A method for preparing a two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion, characterized in that: At room temperature and pressure, ellagic acid hydrate and bismuth acetate were added to dimethyl sulfoxide to form a solid-liquid two-phase suspension, and metal polyphenol single crystals were obtained through solid-liquid two-phase self-assembly. The metal polyphenol single crystal is added into the aqueous phase containing superbody anions and cations, and the supernatant is collected after ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein The molar ratio of ellagic acid to bismuth acetate is 1:(1-5).

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein The superbody anion and cation are all-nitrogen anion rhenium salts.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein The molar ratio of metal polyphenol single crystal to superbody anion and cation is 1:(5-10).

8. Use of the two-dimensional material with unidirectional electron motion as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in conductive materials.

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