High negative pressure environment air particulate matter sampler

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment monitoring, particularly relates to a high negative pressure environment air particulate matter sampler, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problems of realizing dual-mode sampling, anti-interference grading cutting, dynamic shunting balance and constant temperature sealing: the high negative pressure environment air particulate matter sampler comprises a sampling shell, a sampling head, a pipeline assembly, a sampling bottle base and a sampling bottle, graded sampling of particulate matters with different particle sizes is realized; the pipeline assembly comprises a three-way shunting pipe and a dynamic shunting balance unit, so that the flow of two paths of air flow is consistent, and sampling bottles can be automatically replaced by flow conversion branch pipes; the sampling bottle base realizes stable sealing and constant-temperature heating of the sampling bottle through a bottle body positioning sleeve, an annular electromagnetic heating plate, a joint positioning sleeve and an annular fixing bag; a sampling inner bottle is arranged in the sampling bottle, a plurality of layers of adsorption sampling bottom nets are arranged in the adsorption sampling inner bottle, and a plurality of layers of adsorption sampling separation nets are arranged in the adsorption sampling inner bottle, so that the sampling precision and efficiency are improved, and the device is suitable for sampling pollutants in a high negative pressure environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a sampler, in particular to a high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler, belonging to the technical field of environmental monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Ambient air particulate matter sampling technology is a core component of air pollution monitoring, and its accuracy directly impacts the reliability of pollutant composition analysis and traceability results. Traditional samplers generally use a single mode (membrane retention or solution absorption), making it difficult to simultaneously obtain information on the physical properties and chemical composition of particulate matter. Although combined sampling devices have been developed, allowing for the serial connection of adsorption and absorption bottles, they still have significant limitations.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the sampling device and determination method for total particulate matter in exhaust gas disclosed in announcement number CN107421787B, for the synchronous sampling of total particulate matter (including filterable particulate matter FPM and condensable particulate matter CPM) in high-humidity exhaust gas, an integrated solution of a combined heating sampling gun, a flue gas condenser and a CPM-F filter membrane clamp is proposed; a circulating water refrigeration system is used to control the flue gas temperature at the condenser outlet to ≤30°C, and a packaged FPM integrated sampling head is used to reduce loading and unloading errors; the front FPM filter membrane clamp intercepts large-size particles, and the rear CPM-F filter membrane clamp captures condensable components to achieve simultaneous analysis of physical and chemical properties; the moisture content of the flue gas is calculated in real time by the mass of condensed water, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of CPM under low-concentration FPM conditions; however, the order of adsorption (filter membrane) and absorption (condensate) in this method is fixed and cannot be exchanged to adapt to different pollutant characteristics; only single-channel sampling is supported, and parallel sampling comparison or alternating sampling is not possible, and the order of adsorption and absorption sampling is fixed. The filter membrane and condenser bottle need to be replaced manually, and the constant temperature system does not extend to the sampling bottle, and the temperature control range is limited to the front section of the pipeline. For example, the ambient air constant flow automatic sampling system and sampling method disclosed in announcement number CN108333001B realize the pressure balance of the input gas by alternating the opening and closing of the buffer container and the switching valve, and maintain constant flow in combination with the vacuum sampling tank. It does not integrate particulate matter classification and cutting or dual-mode (adsorption / absorption) sampling modules and is only suitable for the collection of gaseous pollutants. It does not involve sampling bottle temperature control technology and cannot guarantee the thermal stability of volatile components. It relies on traditional O-ring sealing, which is prone to micro-leakage due to aging or vibration in a negative pressure environment, resulting in sample loss. In addition, existing technologies lack an automatic bottle replacement mechanism and require manual intervention to interrupt sampling. They cannot support unmanned long-term monitoring, and their application is particularly limited in remote sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler to solve the problem of how to achieve dual-mode sampling, anti-interference graded cutting, dynamic diversion balance and constant temperature sealing.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned object through the following technical solutions: a high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler, comprising a sampling housing and a sampling head connected to the upper end of the sampling housing, a pipeline assembly and a sampling bottle base provided in the sampling housing, a sampling bottle movably mounted on the sampling bottle base, and two sampling bottles connected as a group are divided into an adsorption sampling bottle and an absorption sampling bottle whose positions can be interchanged; The sampling head is provided with multiple test paper fixing rings, each of which is provided with a sampling filter membrane, and a cutting guide unit is provided above the test paper fixing ring; The pipeline assembly includes an intake pipe and an intake branch pipe. The intake pipe and the intake branch pipe are connected by a three-way diverter pipe, the three-way diverter pipe is provided with a dynamic diverter balancing unit, and the intake branch pipe is connected to a flow exchange branch pipe; The sampling bottle base is provided with a bottle body positioning sleeve and a joint positioning sleeve, the bottle body positioning sleeve is embedded with an annular electromagnetic heating plate, the joint positioning sleeve is connected to an annular fixing bag, and the annular fixing bag is filled with magnetorheological fluid; The sampling bottle is connected to a sampling inner bottle. The sampling inner bottle for adsorption sampling is provided with a plurality of adsorption sampling bottom nets, and the sampling inner bottle for absorption sampling is provided with a plurality of absorption sampling partition nets.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention, a movable cover is provided at the upper end of the sampling housing, and the connection position of the movable cover is located directly above the sampling bottle base.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the sampling head includes a top shell body, a middle shell body, a bottom shell body and an air guide tube arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the top shell body, the middle shell body and the bottom shell body are threadedly connected, the air guide tube is connected to the bottom end of the bottom shell body, the upper end of the top shell body is provided with a converging channel and a tapering arc-shaped air inlet channel, the arc-shaped air inlet channel is ring-shaped and evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the converging channel, and the upper end of the top shell body is connected to an air inlet cover.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the cutting and guide unit located on the upper layer includes a first conical cutting plate and a first guide cover, the first conical cutting plate is connected directly below the confluence channel, the first guide cover is connected to the bottom end of the first conical cutting plate, and the bottom cover body of the first guide cover is clamped in the test paper fixing ring below it, the cutting and guide unit located on the lower layer includes a second conical cutting plate and a second guide cover, the upper edge of the second conical cutting plate is connected to the inner wall of the middle shell body, the second guide cover is connected to the bottom end of the second conical cutting plate, and the bottom cover body of the second guide cover is clamped in the test paper fixing ring below it, the outer peripheral ring body of the test paper fixing ring is connected with connecting struts distributed in a cross shape, the test paper fixing ring located on the upper layer is fixedly connected to the middle shell body through the connecting struts, the test paper fixing ring located on the lower layer is fixedly connected to the bottom shell body through the connecting struts, the bottom surface of the test paper fixing ring is connected to the bottom net, and the sampling filter membrane is placed on the bottom net.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the upper end of the air inlet pipe is connected with an air inlet butt joint, the air inlet butt joint is fixedly connected to the top shell body of the sampling shell, the air inlet butt joint is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the sampling head, the three-way diverter pipe connected between the air inlet pipe and the air inlet branch pipe includes a diverter main pipe and two diverter branches connected in a Y shape, the diverter main pipe is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the two diverter branches are respectively connected to the air inlet branch pipe, and the outer covers of the diverter main pipe and the diverter branch pipe are provided with a diverter shell, and the dynamic diverter balancing unit includes A dynamic balancing conduit and a diversion diaphragm, the diversion diaphragm is connected to the middle part of the diversion main pipe, one end of the dynamic balancing conduit is connected to one of the diversion branches, and the other end of the dynamic balancing conduit is connected to the diversion main pipe, and the connection position of the other end of the dynamic balancing conduit is located on the side of the pipe body where the diversion main pipe is connected to the other diversion branch pipe. The other end of the dynamic balancing conduit is movably connected to a piston and a push rod, and the outer ends of the push rod are respectively against both sides of the diversion diaphragm, and an electromagnetic three-way valve is connected between the intake branch pipe and the exchange branch pipe.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the pipeline assembly also includes an air outlet manifold and multiple air outlet branch pipes, the air outlet branch pipes and the exchange branch pipes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, the pipe body of each air outlet branch pipe is connected to a solenoid valve, and the multiple air outlet branch pipes are connected to the pipe body of the air outlet manifold, and the pipe body of the air outlet manifold is also connected to an exhaust pipe, and the pipe body of the exhaust pipe is connected to a high negative pressure fan.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: a positioning groove is provided on the base of the sampling bottle, the opening position of the positioning groove is located below the positioning sleeve of the bottle body, the connection position of the joint positioning sleeve is located on both sides of the positioning sleeve of the bottle body, and a limiting groove is provided at the center of the bottom of the positioning groove. A contact switch is embedded in the bottom of the limiting groove, and the contact switch is connected to the connection line of the annular electromagnetic heating plate. A stepped push rod and a spring are movably arranged in the groove of the limiting groove, the spring is against the bottom end of the stepped push rod, and the upper end of the stepped push rod is connected to a movable bottom plate.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: a conducting tube is connected between two sampling bottles in the same group, one end of the conducting tube serving as an air inlet is connected to the upper end of one of the sampling inner bottles, and the other end of the conducting tube serving as an air outlet is connected to the lower end of the other sampling inner bottle, and a bottle cap is connected to the top opening of the sampling inner bottle, one of the sampling bottles is connected to an airflow input tube, and the airflow input tube is connected to the bottom end of the sampling inner bottle, the tube bodies of the conducting tube and the airflow input tube are both connected to a one-way valve, the other sampling bottle is connected to an airflow output tube, the airflow output tube is connected to the upper end of the sampling inner bottle, and the bottom end of the sampling inner bottle is connected to multiple arc-shaped guide plates.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the adsorption sampling bottom nets arranged in the sampling inner bottle for adsorption sampling are distributed in parallel up and down, the adsorption sampling bottom net at the bottom is fixedly connected to the sampling inner bottle, and the remaining adsorption sampling bottom nets are movably placed in the sampling inner bottle; the absorption sampling partition nets arranged in the sampling inner bottle for absorption sampling are distributed in parallel up and down, and the mesh holes of two adjacent absorption sampling partition nets are square mesh holes and diamond mesh holes respectively; the gap between the sampling bottle and the sampling inner bottle is filled with heat-conductive ceramic particles.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the outer ends of the airflow input pipe and the airflow output pipe are both connected to a docking outer pipe, a conical inner friction surface is provided inside the docking outer pipe, the upper end of the docking outer pipe is connected to a limiting clamp ring, the exchange branch pipe and the air outlet branch pipe are both connected to a tapered face joint, the tapered face joint is located on the inner side of the joint positioning sleeve, the outer surface of the tapered face joint is provided with an outer friction surface, and the tapered face joint is movably connected to the docking outer pipe.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention is provided with a sampling head, a pipeline assembly, a sampling bottle base, and a sampling bottle. The two sampling bottles connected as a group are divided into an adsorption sampling bottle and an absorption sampling bottle with interchangeable positions. When using the sampler, the particulate matter in the ambient air is first sampled through the sampling head, and then the ambient air is further transported to the sampling bottle located on the sampling bottle base through the pipeline assembly for adsorption sampling and absorption sampling, respectively, to achieve adsorption sampling and absorption sampling of pollutants in the ambient air, respectively. Through a variety of sampling methods, accurate sampling and measurement of pollutants in the atmosphere are ensured. Since the two sampling bottles are set as a group, adsorption sampling and absorption sampling can be achieved for pollutants in the same atmospheric gas path, thereby improving sampling efficiency. Moreover, when sampling, the order of adsorption sampling and absorption sampling can be exchanged, so as to ensure the accuracy of sampling by exchanging the sampling order. 2. The sampling head provided by the present invention is provided with multiple test paper fixing rings, each of which is provided with a sampling filter membrane, and a cutting guide unit is provided above the test paper fixing ring, which can realize multi-stage sampling of particulate matter in the ambient air. During sampling, the particles of the corresponding particle size are first intercepted by the cutting guide unit of the upper layer so as to be sampled by the corresponding sampling filter membrane below it, while the particles that are not intercepted will continue to flow downward and be further intercepted by the cutting guide unit of the lower layer, and then further sampled by the sampling filter membrane provided below it, thereby realizing multiple sampling of particulate matter in the ambient air and improving sampling accuracy and sampling efficiency; 3. The pipeline assembly provided by the present invention includes an air intake pipe, an air intake branch pipe, and a three-way diverter pipe. The three-way diverter pipe is provided with a dynamic diverter balancing unit. The air intake branch pipe is connected with a flow conversion branch pipe. The ambient air in the air intake pipe can be diverted and transported to the air intake branch pipe through the provided three-way diverter pipe, and the flow rate of the ambient air entering the two air intake branches is ensured to be consistent through the provided dynamic diverter balancing unit, thereby realizing dual-path sampling of the ambient air. The ambient air in the air intake branch pipe can be transported to different sampling bottles through the provided flow conversion branch pipe, that is, the sampling bottles can be automatically replaced, thereby greatly extending the sampling time of the sampler, and no manual replacement of the new sampling bottle is required in the middle, thereby supporting long-term unattended sampling. 4. The present invention is provided with a bottle body positioning sleeve and a joint positioning sleeve. The bottle body positioning sleeve is embedded with an annular electromagnetic heating plate. The joint positioning sleeve is connected to an annular fixing bag filled with magnetorheological fluid. The sampling bottle can be fixed in position by the provided bottle body positioning sleeve, thereby ensuring that the sampling bottle is firmly placed in the sampling shell. The provided joint positioning sleeve can ensure that the docking portion of the sampling bottle and the pipeline assembly is sealed and fixed. The annular fixing bag can be deformed during docking, thereby wrapping the bag body of the annular fixing bag around the outside of the docking portion, thereby preventing ambient air from overflowing from the docking portion during the sampling process, thereby further improving the sampling accuracy. 5. The sampling bottle provided in the present invention is connected to a sampling inner bottle, the sampling inner bottle for adsorption sampling is provided with multiple adsorption sampling bottom nets, and the sampling inner bottle for absorption sampling is provided with multiple absorption sampling partition nets. The adsorption sampling agent can be layered through the provided adsorption sampling bottom nets, which can be used to place different types of adsorption sampling agents in layers to achieve adsorption sampling of different types of pollutants in the ambient air, and can also be used to place adsorption sampling agents of the same type but different particle sizes in layers to achieve graded adsorption sampling of pollutants in the ambient air, that is, it can provide a variety of adsorption sampling methods to meet different adsorption sampling needs, and the provided absorption sampling partition nets can break the ambient air bubbles in the absorption sampling agent to form smaller bubbles, so that the pollutants in the ambient air can be fully absorbed by the absorption sampling agent, further improving the accuracy of absorption sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sampling housing of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sampling head of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the air intake cover of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure of the test paper fixing ring and the sampling filter membrane of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting guide unit located on the upper layer of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting guide unit located at the lower layer of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the pipeline assembly and the sampling bottle base of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipeline assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the three-way diverter pipe of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the top cross-sectional structure of the three-way diverter pipe of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the sampling bottle base, the bottle body positioning sleeve, and the connector positioning sleeve of the present invention; Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling bottle group connection structure of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a sampling bottle for adsorption according to the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a sampling bottle for absorption according to the present invention; Figure 17 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the joint between the outer tube and the conical surface of the present invention when they are not connected; Figure 18 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the butt joint state between the butt joint outer tube and the conical surface joint of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Sampling shell; 11. Movable cover; 2. Sampling head; 21. Top shell; 22. Arc-shaped air inlet; 23. Converging channel; 24. First conical cutting plate; 25. First flow guide cover; 26. Test paper fixing ring; 27. Middle shell; 28. Bottom shell; 29. ​​Air guide tube; 210. Second conical cutting plate; 211. Second flow guide cover; 212. Bottom net; 213. Sampling filter membrane; 214. Connecting support rod; 215. Air inlet cover; 3. Pipe assembly; 31. Air inlet pipe; 32. Air inlet butt joint; 33. Three-way diverter pipe; 331. Diverter shell; 332. Diverter main pipe; 333. Diverter branch pipe; 334. Dynamic balance conduit; 335. Push rod; 336. Piston; 337. Diverter diaphragm; 34. Air inlet branch pipe; 35. Solenoid three-way valve; 36. Flow branch pipe; 37. Air outlet branch pipe; 38. Solenoid valve; 39. Air outlet manifold; 4. Sampling bottle base; 41. Bottle body positioning sleeve; 42. Joint positioning sleeve; 43. Annular electromagnetic heating plate; 44. Positioning groove; 45. Movable bottom plate; 46. Step push rod; 47. Limiting groove; 48. Spring; 49. Contact switch; 410. Annular fixing bag; 5. Sampling bottle; 51. Conducting tube; 52. Air flow input pipe; 53. Air flow output pipe; 54. Bottle cap; 55. Docking outer tube; 56. Sampling inner bottle; 57. One-way valve; 58. Adsorption sampling bottom net; 59. Absorption sampling partition; 510. Arc guide plate; 511. Inner friction surface; 512. Limiting clamp; 513. Thermal conductive ceramic particles; 6. Exhaust pipe; 7. High negative pressure fan; 8. Conical face joint; 81. Outer friction surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 18As shown, a high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler includes a sampling housing 1 and a sampling head 2 connected to the upper end of the sampling housing 1. A pipeline assembly 3 and a sampling bottle base 4 are provided in the sampling housing 1. A sampling bottle 5 is movably mounted on the sampling bottle base 4. The two sampling bottles 5 connected as a group are divided into an adsorption sampling bottle and an absorption sampling bottle with interchangeable positions. When using the sampler, the particulate matter in the ambient air is first sampled through the sampling head 2, and then the ambient air is further transported through the pipeline assembly 3 to the sampling bottle 5 located on the sampling bottle base 4 for adsorption sampling and absorption sampling respectively. , realize adsorption sampling and absorption sampling of pollutants in the ambient air respectively, and ensure accurate sampling and measurement of pollutants in the atmosphere through a variety of sampling methods. Since the two sampling bottles 5 are set as a group, adsorption sampling and absorption sampling of pollutants in the same atmospheric gas path can be realized, thereby improving sampling efficiency. Moreover, when sampling, the order of adsorption sampling and absorption sampling can be swapped, so as to avoid interference from phase change of semi-volatile organic compounds by swapping the sampling order, such as absorption first and adsorption later; reverse switching gives priority to capturing strongly adsorbed components, thereby ensuring sampling accuracy; The sampling head 2 is provided with a plurality of test paper fixing rings 26, each of which is provided with a sampling filter membrane 213. A cutting guide unit is provided above the test paper fixing ring 26, which can realize multi-stage sampling of particulate matter in the ambient air. During sampling, the particles of the corresponding particle size are first intercepted by the cutting guide unit of the upper layer so as to be sampled by the corresponding sampling filter membrane 213 below it, while the particles that are not intercepted will continue to flow downward and be further intercepted by the cutting guide unit of the lower layer, and then further sampled by the sampling filter membrane 213 provided below it, thereby realizing multiple sampling of particulate matter in the ambient air and improving sampling accuracy and sampling efficiency. The pipeline assembly 3 includes an air intake pipe 31 and an air intake branch pipe 34. A three-way diverter pipe 33 is connected between the air intake pipe 31 and the air intake branch pipe 34. The three-way diverter pipe 33 is provided with a dynamic diversion balancing unit. The air intake branch pipe 34 is connected to a conversion branch pipe 36. The ambient air in the air intake pipe 31 can be diverted and transported to the air intake branch pipe 34 through the provided three-way diverter pipe 33, and the dynamic diversion balancing unit can ensure that the flow rate of the ambient air entering the two air intake branches 34 is consistent, thereby realizing dual-path sampling of the ambient air and ensuring the synchronous operation of the dual-path sampling bottles 5 with equal flow. The conversion branch pipe 36 can realize the transportation of the ambient air in the air intake branch pipe 34 to different sampling bottles 5, that is, the automatic replacement of the sampling bottles 5 can be realized, thereby greatly extending the sampling time of the sampler, and there is no need to manually replace the new sampling bottle 5 in the middle, supporting long-term unattended sampling. The sampling bottle base 4 is provided with a bottle body positioning sleeve 41 and a joint positioning sleeve 42, the bottle body positioning sleeve 41 is embedded with an annular electromagnetic heating plate 43, the joint positioning sleeve 42 is connected to an annular fixing capsule 410, and the annular fixing capsule 410 is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The bottle body positioning sleeve 41 is provided to fix the position of the sampling bottle 5, thereby ensuring that the sampling bottle 5 is firmly placed in the sampling housing 1, and the joint positioning sleeve 42 is provided to ensure that the docking position of the sampling bottle 5 and the pipeline assembly 3 is sealed and fixed, and the annular fixing capsule 410 can be deformed during docking, thereby making the capsule of the annular fixing capsule 410 The body is wrapped around the outside of the docking part to prevent ambient air from escaping from the docking part during the sampling process, further improving the sampling accuracy. The annular electromagnetic heating plate 43 can heat the sampling bottle 5 at a constant temperature to ensure that the sampling bottle 5 is maintained at the optimal sampling temperature. At the same time, the annular electromagnetic heating plate 43 is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction heating, that is, when a high-frequency current passes through the annular coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid filled in the annular fixing capsule 410 can be placed in a magnetic field environment, thereby changing the magnetorheological fluid into a solid-like state, thereby fixing the docking part of the sampling bottle 5 and the pipeline assembly 3, and ensuring the tightness of the connection of the docking part; The sampling bottle 5 is connected to a sampling inner bottle 56. The sampling inner bottle 56 for adsorption sampling is provided with multiple adsorption sampling bottom nets 58, and the sampling inner bottle 56 for absorption sampling is provided with multiple absorption sampling partition nets 59. The adsorption sampling bottom nets 58 can be used to arrange the adsorption sampling agent in layers, that is, different types of adsorption sampling agents can be placed in layers to realize adsorption sampling of different types of pollutants in the ambient air, and can also be used to place adsorption sampling agents of the same type but different particle sizes in layers to realize graded adsorption sampling of pollutants in the ambient air, that is, it can provide a variety of adsorption sampling methods to meet different adsorption sampling needs, and the absorption sampling partition nets 59 can break the ambient air bubbles in the absorption sampling agent to form smaller bubbles, so that the pollutants in the ambient air can be fully absorbed by the absorption sampling agent, further improving the accuracy of absorption sampling.

[0020] Example 2 Improvements based on Example 1: like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a movable cover 11 is provided at the upper end of the sampling housing 1, and the connection position of the movable cover 11 is located directly above the sampling bottle base 4, so that the sampling bottle 5 can be taken and placed by opening the movable cover 11. It should be noted that the front end face of the sampling housing 1 is connected to a touch display screen, a power connector and a switch button.

[0021] Furthermore, the sampling head 2 includes a top shell body 21, a middle shell body 27, a bottom shell body 28 and an air guide tube 29 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top shell body 21, the middle shell body 27 and the bottom shell body 28 are threadedly connected. The air guide tube 29 is connected to the bottom end of the bottom shell body 28. The upper end of the top shell body 21 is provided with a converging channel 23 and a reduced arc-shaped air inlet 22. The arc-shaped air inlet 22 is evenly distributed in a ring shape and is connected to the outer periphery of the converging channel 23. The upper end of the top shell body 21 is connected to an air inlet cover 215. The air intake cover 215 provided can form a shield for the shell of the sampling head 2, and thus can play a better role in shielding rain and shielding debris when the ambient air is sucked into the sampling head 2. At the same time, the arc-shaped air intake duct 22 opened can convert the ambient air into a high-speed rotating airflow through horizontal air intake, which has a centrifugal acceleration effect on the ambient air flow, and thus facilitates the ambient air flow to enter the sampling head 2, and can better collide and cut with the cutting guide unit located on the upper layer, thereby improving the sampling efficiency of ambient air particulate matter.

[0022] Furthermore, the cutting and guiding unit located on the upper layer includes a first conical cutting plate 24 and a first guide cover 25. The first conical cutting plate 24 is connected to the bottom of the confluence channel 23. The first guide cover 25 is connected to the bottom end of the first conical cutting plate 24, and the bottom cover body of the first guide cover 25 is stuck in the test paper fixing ring 26 below it. The cutting and guiding unit located on the lower layer includes a second conical cutting plate 210 and a second guide cover 211. The upper edge of the second conical cutting plate 210 is connected to the inner wall of the middle shell 27. The second guide cover 211 is connected to the bottom end of the second conical cutting plate 210, and the bottom cover body of the second guide cover 211 is stuck in the test paper fixing ring 26 below it. The outer peripheral ring body of the test paper fixing ring 26 is connected with a cross-shaped dividing ring. The connecting strut 214 of the cloth, the test paper fixing ring 26 located on the upper layer is fixedly connected to the middle shell body 27 through the connecting strut 214, and the test paper fixing ring 26 located on the lower layer is fixedly connected to the bottom shell body 28 through the connecting strut 214. The bottom surface of the test paper fixing ring 26 is connected to the bottom net 212, and the sampling filter membrane 213 is placed on the bottom net 212. When the ambient air flow enters the interior of the sampling head 2 through the confluence channel 23, the air flow will first collide with the first conical cutting plate 24, and the particles with larger particle size will be intercepted and cut by the first conical cutting plate 24. Part of the air flow will pass through the first conical cutting plate 24 and continue to flow downward along the outer cover body of the first guide cover 25, and flow to the bottom shell body 28 through the gap between the test paper fixing ring 26 and the middle shell body 27. At the cutting guide unit, the cut and separated particles will enter the inner cover body of the first guide cover 25 with another part of the air flow, and then the sampling filter membrane 213 is used to separate the particles from the part of the air flow, so as to achieve the sampling of the larger particle size particles, and the part of the air flow also enters the cutting guide unit located at the lower layer. At this time, the two parts of the air flow are mixed, increasing the collision between the air flow and the second conical cutting plate 210, further intercepting and cutting the smaller particle size particles, and also causing part of the air flow to pass through the second conical cutting plate 210 and continue to flow downward along the outer cover body of the second guide cover 211, and flow downward through the gap between the test paper fixing ring 26 and the bottom shell body 28. The cut and separated particles will enter the inner cover body of the first guide cover 25 with another part of the air flow, and then the sampling filter membrane 213 is used to separate the particles from the part of the air flow, so as to achieve the sampling of the larger particle size particles, and the part of the air flow also enters the cutting guide unit located at the lower layer. At this time, the two parts of the air flow are mixed, increasing the collision between the air flow and the second conical cutting plate 210, and further intercepting and cutting the smaller particle size particles, and also causing part of the air flow to pass through the second conical cutting plate 210 and continue to flow downward along the outer cover body of the second guide cover 211, and flow downward through the gap between the test paper fixing ring 26 and the bottom shell body 28. A portion of the airflow enters the inner cover of the second air guide 211, and then the sampling filter membrane 213 is used to separate the particulate matter from the part of the airflow, so as to sample the particulate matter with smaller particle sizes, and the part of the airflow also continues to flow downward. At this time, the two parts of the airflow merge again and continue to flow downward through the air guide tube 29, that is, multiple-level cutting of the ambient air can be achieved, and the collection of particulate matter with different particle sizes can be completed. Moreover, since the sampling filter membrane 213 can be supported by the bottom net 212, and the first air guide 25 and the second air guide 211 can respectively press the outer periphery of the sampling filter membrane 213, the sampling filter membrane 213 can be fixed, that is, the sampling filter membrane 213 can be fixed while assembling the shell of each part, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the sampling head 2.Completely eliminate particle size cross-contamination caused by leakage from the filter edge, ensuring the accuracy of graded sampling. It should be noted that the connection parts of the shell of the sampling head 2 can also be covered with sealing rubber rings. The first conical cutting plate 24 is used to cut PM10 particles, and the second conical cutting plate 210 is used to cut PM2.5 particles. The sampling filter membrane 213 located on the upper layer is used to sample PM10 particles, and the sampling filter membrane 213 located on the lower layer is used to sample PM2.5 particles. The sampling filter membrane 213 is a mixed cellulose filter membrane.

[0023] like Figure 2 、 Figures 8 to 11As shown, the upper end of the air inlet pipe 31 is connected with an air inlet butt joint 32, which is fixedly connected to the top shell of the sampling housing 1, and the air inlet butt joint 32 is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the sampling head 2. The three-way diverter pipe 33 connected between the air inlet pipe 31 and the air inlet branch pipe 34 includes a diverter main pipe 332 and two diverter branches 333 connected in a Y shape. The diverter main pipe 332 is connected to the air inlet pipe 31, and the two diverter branches 333 are respectively connected to the air inlet branch pipe 34. The outer covers of the diverter main pipe 332 and the diverter branch pipe 333 are provided with a diverter housing 331, and the dynamic diverter balancing unit includes a dynamic balancing conduit 334 and a diverter diaphragm 337. 337 is connected to the middle part of the shunt main pipe 332, one end of the dynamic balance conduit 334 is connected to one of the shunt branches 333, and the other end of the dynamic balance conduit 334 is connected to the shunt main pipe 332, and the connection position of the other end of the dynamic balance conduit 334 is located on the side of the pipe body where the shunt main pipe 332 is connected to the other shunt branch 333. The other end of the dynamic balance conduit 334 is movably connected to a piston 336 and a push rod 335. The outer ends of the push rod 335 are respectively against the two sides of the shunt diaphragm 337. An electromagnetic three-way valve 35 is connected between the intake branch pipe 34 and the exchange branch pipe 36, and the air entering the sampling head 2 can be passed through the intake docking joint 32. The ambient air flow is delivered to the intake pipe 31, and then the diversion diaphragm 337 in the diversion main pipe 332 divides the pipe inside the diversion main pipe 332 into two cavities, so as to divide the air flow into two paths and deliver them to the intake branch pipe 34 respectively through the diversion branch pipe 333. When the air flow is delivered in the diversion branch pipe 333, an air flow of equal pressure will push the push rod 335 through the dynamic balance duct 334. That is, when the air flow in a certain diversion branch pipe 333 is too large, the push rod 335 in the dynamic balance duct 334 connected to the diversion branch pipe 333 will be pushed outward with an increased amplitude, thereby pushing the diversion diaphragm 337 to one side of the diversion branch pipe 333. At this time, The cross-section of the cavity for conveying airflow to the branch branch 333 becomes smaller, while the cross-section of the cavity for conveying airflow to the other branch branch 333 becomes larger, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the conveyed airflow and ensuring that the flow rates of the two airflows can be balanced, thereby ensuring that each sampling bottle 5 can perform airflow sampling with equal flow rate. At the same time, the electromagnetic three-way valve 35 provided can facilitate the replacement of the on-off of the air intake branch 34 and the exchange branch 36, and can enable the airflow to be conveyed through one of the exchange branches 36 for a certain period of time, and then quickly switch to the other exchange branch 36 to convey the airflow, thereby realizing the conversion of the airflow to another sampling bottle 5 for conveyance, and the new sampling bottle 5 can be replaced to continue sampling without shutting down the sampler.

[0024] Furthermore, the pipeline assembly 3 also includes an air outlet manifold 39 and multiple air outlet branches 37. The air outlet branches 37 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the exchange branches 36. The pipe body of each air outlet branch 37 is connected to a solenoid valve 38. Multiple air outlet branches 37 are connected to the pipe body of the air outlet manifold 39. The pipe body of the air outlet manifold 39 is also connected to the exhaust pipe 6. The pipe body of the exhaust pipe 6 is connected to a high-negative pressure fan 7. By connecting the air inlet end of the sampling bottle 5 with the exchange branch 36 and the air outlet end of the sampling bottle 5 with the air outlet branch 37, the flow of air in the sampling bottle 5 is realized, so as to complete the adsorption sampling and absorption sampling of the air flow. At the same time, the high-negative pressure fan 7 can provide high-negative pressure suction to realize the flow of ambient air flow, that is, it can be realized The ambient air flow is sucked into the sampling head 2, and then the air flow passes through the air inlet pipe 31, the air inlet branch pipe 34, the exchange branch pipe 36, the sampling bottle 5, the air outlet branch pipe 37, the air outlet manifold 39 and the exhaust pipe 6 in sequence to form a complete air flow path. The solenoid valve 38 provided can control the opening and closing of the air outlet branch pipe 37 to ensure the opening and closing control of the air flow path. It should be noted that the high negative pressure fan 7: adopts a centrifugal fan (power 300W), the negative pressure range is -50kPa to -100kPa, the maximum flow rate is 50L / min, and the fan outlet is provided with a silencer (noise reduction ≥20dB), the operating noise is ≤60dB (1 meter), and the air flow path resistance is ≤5kPa, ensuring stable sampling in a high negative pressure environment.

[0025] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the sampling bottle base 4 is provided with a positioning groove 44, and the opening position of the positioning groove 44 is located below the bottle body positioning sleeve 41, and the connection positions of the joint positioning sleeve 42 are located on both sides of the bottle body positioning sleeve 41. A limiting groove 47 is provided at the center of the bottom of the positioning groove 44, and a contact switch 49 is embedded in the bottom of the limiting groove 47. The contact switch 49 is connected to the connection line of the annular electromagnetic heating plate 43. A stepped push rod 46 and a spring 48 are movably arranged in the groove of the limiting groove 47. The spring 48 rests on the bottom end of the stepped push rod 46, and the upper end of the stepped push rod 46 is connected to a movable bottom plate 45. In the initial state, due to the action of the spring 48, the stepped push rod 46 can be set in a suspended state. When the sampling bottle 5 is placed in the bottle body positioning sleeve 41, the movable bottom plate 45 will be pressed downward, thereby driving the stepped push rod 46 to move downward, so that the stepped push rod 46 can touch the contact switch 49. At this time, the sampling bottle 5 is installed in place, and the air flow inlet and outlet ends of the sampling bottle 5 are also respectively stuck in the joint positioning sleeves 42 on both sides. When the contact switch 49 is triggered to enable the power to pass, the annular electromagnetic heating plate 43 can achieve constant temperature heating of the sampling bottle 5. At the same time, the alternating magnetic field generated causes the magnetorheological fluid filled in the annular fixing bag 410 to be in a magnetic field environment, thereby causing the magnetorheological fluid to become a solid-like state, thereby achieving the fixation of the air flow inlet and outlet ends of the sampling bottle 5 in the joint positioning sleeves 42 on both sides.

[0026] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 14 to 18As shown, a conducting tube 51 is connected between two sampling bottles 5 of the same group, one end of the conducting tube 51 as the air inlet portion is connected to the upper end of one of the sampling inner bottles 56, and the other end of the conducting tube 51 as the air outlet portion is connected to the lower end of the other sampling inner bottle 56, and the top opening of the sampling inner bottle 56 is connected to a bottle cap 54, one of the sampling bottles 5 is connected to an airflow input tube 52, and the airflow input tube 52 is connected to the bottom end of the sampling inner bottle 56, and the tube bodies of the conducting tube 51 and the airflow input tube 52 are both connected to a one-way valve 57, and the other sampling bottle 5 is connected to an airflow output tube 53, and the airflow output tube 53 is connected to the upper end of the sampling inner bottle 56, and the bottom end of the sampling inner bottle 56 is connected to a plurality of arc-shaped guide plates 510, which can be used for airflow delivery. The process is as follows: the airflow is first delivered to the first sampling inner bottle 56 through the airflow input pipe 52, and the airflow will be evenly dispersed in the first sampling inner bottle 56 through the action of the arc guide plate 510, and then flow upward to be sampled by the adsorption sampling agent or absorption sampling agent in the inner bottle, and then delivered to the second sampling inner bottle 56 through the conducting pipe 51, and the airflow will also be evenly dispersed in the second sampling inner bottle 56 under the action of the arc guide plate 510, and then flow upward to be sampled by the adsorption sampling agent or absorption sampling agent in the inner bottle, and then the airflow is output through the airflow output pipe 53, completing the flow of airflow in the two sampling bottles 5 in the same group, realizing adsorption or absorption sampling, and the provided bottle cap 54 is convenient for taking and placing the adsorption sampling agent or absorption sampling agent.

[0027] Furthermore, the adsorption sampling bottom nets 58 provided in the sampling inner bottle 56 for adsorption sampling are distributed in parallel up and down, the adsorption sampling bottom net 58 located at the bottom is fixedly connected to the sampling inner bottle 56, and the other adsorption sampling bottom nets 58 are movably arranged in the sampling inner bottle 56, and the mesh diameters of the multiple adsorption sampling bottom nets 58 increase from top to bottom. By fixing the adsorption sampling bottom net 58 located at the bottom to the sampling inner bottle 56, the placed adsorption sampling agent can be placed in the bottle in a suspended state, that is, some space can be reserved for the airflow entering from the bottom, which can facilitate the dispersion of the airflow and also prevent the adsorption sampling agent from entering the nozzle part of the airflow delivery. The multiple adsorption sampling bottom nets 58 adopt a stepped mesh diameter, which can facilitate the placement of adsorption sampling agents of different particle sizes on each layer of the mesh, thereby avoiding the mixing of adsorption sampling agents of different particle sizes, that is, a certain gap can be left between the particles of the adsorption sampling agent, which is convenient for the airflow to pass through, thereby improving adsorption sampling. The absorption sampling screens 59 provided in the sampling inner bottle 56 for absorption sampling are arranged in parallel up and down, and the meshes of two adjacent absorption sampling screens 59 are square meshes and diamond meshes respectively. The bubbles in the absorption sampling agent are cut multiple times by the multiple absorption sampling screens 59 provided. At the same time, the use of meshes of different shapes can increase the disorder of the bubble cutting, ensure that the bubbles are cut multiple times, that is, further improve the absorption efficiency; The gap between the sampling bottle 5 and the sampling inner bottle 56 is filled with heat-conducting ceramic particles 513. When the sampling bottle 5 is heated at a constant temperature, the heat-conducting ceramic particles 513 can quickly conduct heat and have a good heat preservation effect. Secondly, since there is a gap between the sampling bottle 5 and the sampling inner bottle 56, the airflow input tube 52 and the tube body of the conducting tube 51 can be set in the gap, that is, the heat-conducting ceramic particles 513 can also perform constant temperature heating and heat preservation on the airflow input tube 52 and the conducting tube 51, ensuring that the transported airflow can also be maintained at a constant temperature, which is also conducive to adsorption sampling or absorption sampling.

[0028] Furthermore, the outer ends of the airflow input pipe 52 and the airflow output pipe 53 are connected to the docking outer pipe 55, and the inner tube of the docking outer pipe 55 is provided with a conical inner friction surface 511. The upper end of the docking outer pipe 55 is connected to the limiting clamping ring 512. The flow branch pipe 36 and the outlet branch pipe 37 are both connected with a cone-face joint 8. The cone-face joint 8 is located on the inner side of the joint positioning sleeve 42. The outer surface of the cone-face joint 8 is provided with an outer friction surface 81. The cone-face joint 8 is movably connected to the docking outer pipe 55. When the docking outer pipe 55 is inserted into the joint positioning sleeve 42, the cone-face joint 8 forms a sleeve connection with the docking outer pipe 55. At this time, the inner friction surface 511 and the outer friction surface 81 form an internal friction surface. The friction sealing docking is achieved, and at the same time, the downward pressure of the docking outer tube 55 will cause the annular fixing capsule 410 to deform, and the annular fixing capsule 410 will be wrapped around the outside of the limiting clamping ring 512 to form an external wrapped sealing docking, that is, a double sealing docking method is adopted to ensure the sealing effect of the docking part, and no additional gaskets and other accessories are required, which is convenient for operation. It should be noted that the limiting clamping ring 512 is made of stainless steel (thickness 2mm, outer diameter 12mm). After the annular fixing capsule 410 is pressurized (deformation rate 30%), it tightly wraps the clamping ring to form a second seal (leakage rate ≤0.01mL / min). No additional gaskets are required, and the sealing performance is maintained even after disassembly and assembly times ≥100 times.

[0029] Working principle: The curved air inlet 22 of the sampling head 2 converts the ambient air into a high-speed swirl, and the airflow impacts the first conical cutting plate 24 through the converging channel 23 to achieve PM10 level particle interception. The intercepted particles enter the first guide cover 25 with the diverted airflow and are captured by the sampling filter membrane 213 below it; the unretained airflow descends along the outside of the first guide cover 25 to the second conical cutting plate 210 for PM2.5 level cutting, and the particles are guided to the lower sampling filter membrane 213 through the second guide cover 211 for collection. After cutting, the airflow enters the air intake pipe 31 through the air guide tube 29 and is evenly divided into two paths by the diversion diaphragm 337 of the three-way diversion pipe 33: when the flow of the diversion branch 333 on one side is too large, the push rod 335 in the dynamic balance guide tube 334 pushes the diversion diaphragm 337 to deflect, reducing the cross-section of the cavity on that side to achieve dynamic balance of the two-way flow. The balanced airflow is transported to the electromagnetic three-way valve 35 through the air intake branch 34 and switched by the changeover branch 36 to enter the selected sampling bottle 5; When the sampling bottle 5 is installed, the bottle body is pressed into the bottle body positioning sleeve 41 to trigger the stepped push rod 46 to press the contact switch 49, and the annular electromagnetic heating plate 43 is started to heat the sampling bottle 5 at a constant temperature; at the same time, the alternating magnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid in the annular fixing bag 410 to solidify into a quasi-solid state, and the limiting clamp 512 wrapped around the docking outer tube 55 forms a seal; the airflow enters the first sampling inner bottle 56 through the airflow input pipe 52, and is diffused by the arc-shaped guide plate 510 and then flows upward: if it is an adsorption sampling bottle, the airflow passes through the layered adsorbent of the adsorption sampling bottom net 58 to achieve graded adsorption of pollutants; if it is an absorption sampling bottle, the airflow passes through the special-shaped mesh of the absorption sampling partition net 59 to repeatedly cut bubbles to improve the absorption efficiency; the treated airflow enters the second sampling bottle 5 through the conducting pipe 51 for further treatment, and is finally discharged to the outlet branch pipe 37 by the airflow output pipe 53; the solenoid valve 38 controls the airflow to be collected through the outlet manifold 39, and is discharged by the high negative pressure fan 7 through the exhaust pipe 6; The order of adsorption sampling and absorption sampling is switched by switching the airflow path through the exchange branch 36: when the electromagnetic three-way valve 35 guides the airflow to the absorption sampling bottle 5 and then enters the adsorption sampling bottle 5, the interference of semi-volatile organic compound phase change can be avoided; the reverse switching gives priority to capturing highly adsorbable components; when the sampling bottle 5 is replaced, the electromagnetic three-way valve 35 switches to the spare exchange branch 36 to maintain continuous sampling; the heat-conductive ceramic particles 513 are filled in the gap between the sampling bottle 5 and the sampling inner bottle 56 to ensure that the airflow input pipe 52 and the conducting pipe 51 are kept at a constant temperature; the conical surface joint 8 forms a double seal with the inner friction surface 511 and the outer friction surface 81 of the docking outer tube 55 to prevent leakage under high negative pressure conditions.

[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0031] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler, comprising a sampling housing (1) and a sampling head (2) connected to the upper end of the sampling housing (1), characterized in that: The sampling housing (1) is provided with a pipeline assembly (3) and a sampling bottle base (4), a sampling bottle (5) is movably mounted on the sampling bottle base (4), and two sampling bottles (5) connected as a group are divided into an adsorption sampling bottle and an absorption sampling bottle whose positions can be interchanged; The sampling head (2) is provided with a plurality of test paper fixing rings (26), each of which is provided with a sampling filter membrane (213), and a cutting guide unit is provided above the test paper fixing ring (26); The pipeline assembly (3) includes an air intake pipe (31) and an air intake branch pipe (34); a three-way flow divider (33) is connected between the air intake pipe (31) and the air intake branch pipe (34); the three-way flow divider (33) is provided with a dynamic flow divider balance unit; and the air intake branch pipe (34) is connected to a flow exchange branch pipe (36); The sampling bottle base (4) is provided with a bottle body positioning sleeve (41) and a joint positioning sleeve (42), the bottle body positioning sleeve (41) is embedded with an annular electromagnetic heating plate (43), the joint positioning sleeve (42) is connected to an annular fixing capsule (410), and the annular fixing capsule (410) is filled with magnetorheological fluid; The sampling bottle (5) is connected to a sampling inner bottle (56), the sampling inner bottle (56) for adsorption sampling is provided with a plurality of adsorption sampling bottom nets (58), and the sampling inner bottle (56) for absorption sampling is provided with a plurality of absorption sampling partition nets (59).

2. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable cover (11) is provided at the upper end of the sampling housing (1), and the connection position of the movable cover (11) is located directly above the sampling bottle base (4).

3. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling head (2) comprises a top shell body (21), a middle shell body (27), a bottom shell body (28) and an air guide tube (29) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top shell body (21), the middle shell body (27) and the bottom shell body (28) are threadedly connected to each other. The air guide tube (29) is connected to the bottom end of the bottom shell body (28). The upper end of the top shell body (21) is provided with a converging channel (23) and a curved air inlet channel (22) in a reduced shape. The curved air inlet channel (22) is evenly distributed in a ring shape and connected to the outer periphery of the converging channel (23). The upper end of the top shell body (21) is connected to an air inlet cover (215).

4. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting and guiding unit located at the upper layer includes a first conical cutting plate (24) and a first guiding cover (25), wherein the first conical cutting plate (24) is connected to the bottom of the converging channel (23), and the first guiding cover (25) is connected to the bottom end of the first conical cutting plate (24), and the bottom end of the first guiding cover (25) is clamped in the test paper fixing ring (26) below it. The cutting and guiding unit located at the lower layer includes a second conical cutting plate (210) and a second guiding cover (211), wherein the upper edge of the second conical cutting plate (210) is connected to the inner wall of the middle shell (27), and the second guiding cover (211) is connected to the inner wall of the middle shell (27). The bottom end of the second conical cutting plate (210) and the bottom end cover body of the second flow guide cover (211) are clamped in the test paper fixing ring (26) below it, and the outer peripheral ring body of the test paper fixing ring (26) is connected with connecting struts (214) distributed in a cross shape, the test paper fixing ring (26) located at the upper layer is fixedly connected to the middle shell body (27) through the connecting struts (214), and the test paper fixing ring (26) located at the lower layer is fixedly connected to the bottom shell body (28) through the connecting struts (214), and the bottom surface of the test paper fixing ring (26) is connected to the bottom net (212), and the sampling filter membrane (213) is placed on the bottom net (212).

5. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the air inlet pipe (31) is connected to an air inlet butt joint (32), the air inlet butt joint (32) is fixedly connected to the top shell body of the sampling housing (1), the air inlet butt joint (32) is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the sampling head (2), the three-way diversion pipe (33) connected between the air inlet pipe (31) and the air inlet branch pipe (34) includes a diversion main pipe (332) and two diversion branches (333) connected in a Y shape, the diversion main pipe (332) is connected to the air inlet pipe (31), the two diversion branches (333) are respectively connected to the air inlet branch pipe (34), the outer covers of the diversion main pipe (332) and the diversion branch pipe (333) are provided with a diversion housing (331), the dynamic diversion balancing unit includes a dynamic balancing conduit (334) and a diversion balancing conduit (334). A flow diaphragm (337) is connected to the middle part of the shunt main pipe (332); one end of the dynamic balance conduit (334) is connected to one of the shunt branches (333); the other end of the dynamic balance conduit (334) is connected to the shunt main pipe (332); and the connection position of the other end of the dynamic balance conduit (334) is located on the side of the pipe body where the shunt main pipe (332) and the other shunt branch (333) are connected; the other end of the dynamic balance conduit (334) is movably connected to a piston (336) and a push rod (335); the outer ends of the push rod (335) respectively abut against both sides of the flow shunt diaphragm (337); and an electromagnetic three-way valve (35) is connected between the intake branch pipe (34) and the exchange branch pipe (36).

6. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pipeline assembly (3) further includes an air outlet manifold (39) and a plurality of air outlet branch pipes (37), wherein the air outlet branch pipes (37) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the exchange branch pipes (36), and the pipe body of each of the air outlet branch pipes (37) is connected to a solenoid valve (38). The plurality of air outlet branch pipes (37) are connected to the pipe body of the air outlet manifold (39), and the pipe body of the air outlet manifold (39) is also connected to an exhaust pipe (6), and the pipe body of the exhaust pipe (6) is connected to a high negative pressure fan (7).

7. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling bottle base (4) is provided with a positioning groove (44), the opening position of the positioning groove (44) is located below the bottle body positioning sleeve (41), and the connection position of the joint positioning sleeve (42) is located on both sides of the bottle body positioning sleeve (41). A limiting groove (47) is provided at the center of the bottom of the positioning groove (44), and a contact switch (49) is embedded in the bottom of the limiting groove (47). The contact switch (49) is connected to the connection line of the annular electromagnetic heating plate (43). A stepped push rod (46) and a spring (48) are movably arranged in the groove of the limiting groove (47), and the spring (48) is against the bottom end of the stepped push rod (46). The upper end of the stepped push rod (46) is connected to a movable bottom plate (45).

8. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 7, characterized in that: A conducting tube (51) is connected between the two sampling bottles (5) in the same group. One end of the conducting tube (51) serving as an air inlet portion is connected to the upper end of one of the sampling inner bottles (56), and the other end of the conducting tube (51) serving as an air outlet portion is connected to the lower end of the other sampling inner bottle (56). A bottle cap (54) is connected to the top opening of the sampling inner bottle (56). One of the sampling bottles (5) is connected to an airflow input tube (52), and the airflow input tube (52) is connected to the bottom end of the sampling inner bottle (56). The tube bodies of the conducting tube (51) and the airflow input tube (52) are both connected to a one-way valve (57). The other sampling bottle (5) is connected to an airflow output tube (53), and the airflow output tube (53) is connected to the upper end of the sampling inner bottle (56). The bottom end of each of the sampling inner bottles (56) is connected to a plurality of arc-shaped guide plates (510).

9. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adsorption sampling bottom nets (58) arranged in the sampling inner bottle (56) for adsorption sampling are distributed in parallel up and down, the adsorption sampling bottom net (58) located at the bottom is fixedly connected to the sampling inner bottle (56), and the rest of the adsorption sampling bottom nets (58) are movably arranged in the sampling inner bottle (56); the absorption sampling partition nets (59) arranged in the sampling inner bottle (56) for absorption sampling are distributed in parallel up and down, and the mesh holes of two adjacent absorption sampling partition nets (59) are square mesh holes and diamond mesh holes respectively; the gap between the sampling bottle (5) and the sampling inner bottle (56) is filled with heat-conductive ceramic particles (513).

10. The high negative pressure ambient air particulate sampler according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer ends of the airflow input pipe (52) and the airflow output pipe (53) are both connected to a docking outer pipe (55), a conical inner friction surface (511) is provided in the docking outer pipe (55), and a limiting clamping ring (512) is connected to the upper end of the docking outer pipe (55). The flow-converting branch pipe (36) and the air outlet branch pipe (37) are both connected to a conical face joint (8), the conical face joint (8) is located on the inner side of the joint positioning sleeve (42), and an outer friction surface (81) is provided on the outer surface of the conical face joint (8). The conical face joint (8) is movably sleeved and connected to the docking outer pipe (55).

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