Small flat film heat preservation cultivation method for amorphophallus bulbifer in cold and arid region

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and discloses a small flat film heat preservation cultivation method for amorphophallus bulbifer in cold and arid areas, and the small flat film is used for covering, so that the ground temperature can be increased, and early sowing and early harvesting of the amorphophallus bulbifer are promoted. The temperature in the mulching film is 7-9 DEG C higher than that in the open field, amorphophallus bulbifer can be sown 30 days earlier, and seedlings emerge 15 days earlier. In addition, the small flat film can reduce water evaporation, prevent rainstorm scouring and keep the soil water content stable, and drought resistance and waterlogging prevention are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and in particular relates to a small flat film heat preservation cultivation method for konjac bulbil in cold and arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Cool, arid regions generally experience lower average annual temperatures, cold winters, relatively cool summers, large diurnal temperature swings, frequent sunny days, long sunshine hours, and strong solar radiation, all of which are beneficial for photosynthesis and the accumulation of dry matter such as sugar in crops. However, annual precipitation is low and unevenly distributed, concentrated primarily in the summer. High evaporation is a major constraint on agricultural development. Amorphophallus bulbilii prefers warm and humid conditions, so measures to maintain heat and moisture retention are necessary when growing in cool, arid regions.

[0003] Increasing crop yield and quality, shortening growth cycles, and achieving early sowing and harvesting have always been important goals in agricultural production. As an economically valuable crop, improving the profitability of Konjac (Amorphophallus truncatum) cultivation is of great significance to growers and industry development.

[0004] As an important agricultural technique, mulching technology has been widely used in agricultural production. Different types of mulch films have different properties, affecting crop growth by altering the soil microenvironment. Small flat mulch films, as one type, offer unique advantages in specific scenarios.

[0005] Amorphophallus konjac is sensitive to the temperature and moisture conditions of its growing environment. Suitable temperatures and a stable water supply promote germination, emergence, and growth, which in turn influence yield and quality. However, in some regions, the natural environment may not fully meet the growth requirements of Amorphophallus konjac.

[0006] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows:

[0007] (1) Insufficient temperature conditions: In some planting areas, due to climatic reasons, the ground temperature rises slowly in spring, resulting in the inability to sow the konjac in time, missing the optimal planting period, and affecting the growth cycle and yield. Therefore, an effective method is needed to increase the ground temperature so that the konjac can be sown earlier.

[0008] (2) Difficulty in water management: Rapid evaporation and heavy rain erosion are common problems in agricultural production. Rapid evaporation can lead to unstable soil moisture content, affecting the growth of konjac; heavy rain erosion can cause soil nutrient loss and soil compaction, which is not conducive to crop growth. Therefore, a technical means is needed to reduce water evaporation, prevent heavy rain erosion, maintain stable soil moisture content, and achieve drought and waterlogging resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a small flat film heat preservation cultivation method for konjac bulbil in cold and arid areas.

[0010] The present invention is achieved in that a small flat film heat preservation cultivation method for konjac in cool and arid areas comprises:

[0011] Step 1, seed selection and processing: Select healthy, disease-free and insect-free bulbs for germination, using the four-stage germination method for bulbil konjac corms in cool and arid areas;

[0012] Step 2, sowing time: Amorphophallus konjac grows best in a warm environment and usually germinates at temperatures above 15-17°C. In cool, arid areas, sowing should be done in a suitable period after the temperature rises, such as late March to late April.

[0013] Step 3: Cover with a small flat film.

[0014] Further, the seed selection and processing:

[0015] The temperature during the high-temperature germination stage is controlled at around 28℃-32℃, the temperature during the constant-temperature germination stage is maintained at 25-27℃, and the temperature during the cooling germination stage is reduced to 18-21℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the small flat film covers:

[0017] (1) Film selection: colorless transparent ground film, thickness 0.025 mm; the colorless transparent ground film has a light transmittance and thermal radiation rate of more than 90%;

[0018] (2) Furrow depth: 30-35 cm, furrow width 30 cm, ridge surface 60 cm, which is conducive to agricultural machinery operation;

[0019] (3) Film covering.

[0020] Furthermore, the film covering method: when using plastic film, it is necessary to first spread it out and spread it flat on the field, lay the film neatly to avoid forming gaps, and then add heavy objects such as soil around it to prevent it from being blown by the wind.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a small flat film heat preservation cultivation system for konjac in cool and arid areas, comprising:

[0022] The seed selection module is used to select healthy, disease-free and insect-free bulbs for germination, using the four-stage germination method for bulbil konjac corms in cool and arid areas;

[0023] The sowing module is used for growing konjac in a warm environment and usually germinates at temperatures above 15-17°C. In cold and arid areas, the sowing period should be selected after the temperature rises, such as late March to late April.

[0024] Covering module for covering small flat films.

[0025] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Covering with small flat film can raise ground temperature, promoting earlier sowing and harvesting of konjac. The temperature inside the film is 7-9°C higher than in the open field, allowing sowing of konjac 30 days earlier and 15 days earlier emergence. Furthermore, small flat film reduces water evaporation, prevents erosion from heavy rain, and maintains stable soil moisture, helping to combat drought and flooding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for heat preservation cultivation of konjac with small flat films in cool and arid areas.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a small flat film heat preservation cultivation system for konjac bulbil in cold and arid areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] In a dry plateau area with an altitude of 2160m and yellow-brown soil, the bulbil konjac corms with buds of about 8mm in length after four stages of germination were sown in a 30cm deep humus-improved ditch with a spacing of 20cm between plants and 60cm between rows. 5th of the ditch bottom was applied. -2 The soil was covered with 5cm of soil after composting sheep manure. A 0.025mm thick, colorless, transparent polyethylene film was laid, flattened with a tension roller, and then compacted with soil. 1cm diameter ventilation holes were opened every 1m on the film side. The average daily temperature of the soil layer 0–10cm below the film was 3.4°C higher than that of the open field control. The soil moisture content before seedling emergence was maintained at 18%–20%, the seedling emergence rate was 92.6%, and the commercial bulb yield at maturity was 26.3thm. -2 .

[0031] At another location at an altitude of 1,900m, on light loamy gray-brown soil in a dry and hot valley terrace, bulb bud length was controlled at 6mm, and sown in 35cm deep furrows with a spacing of 18cm between plants and 55cm between rows. No organic fertilizer was applied to the furrow bottom, only 3% (volume fraction) bentonite was added to improve water retention. Films of the same specifications were used, and nano-titanium dioxide anti-fog agent was sprayed on the film surface every 80cm to inhibit condensation. The temperature of the 0-10cm soil layer under the film was 2.8℃ higher than that of the control, the soil moisture content was maintained at 16%-18%, the emergence rate was 88.9%, and the yield of commercial bulbs at maturity was 24.4thm. -2 .

[0032] Comparative tests over two seasons showed that the small flat film insulation cultivation technology was significantly superior to conventional open-field cultivation in terms of heat preservation and humidity increase, shortening the emergence period, and inhibiting damping-off disease; the yield increased by 23.5% and 20.1% respectively, and the economic benefits increased by about 18%-20%, and it had no adverse effects on soil pH, available phosphorus, and microbial diversity, verifying the regional adaptability and ecological safety of the method.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for heat preservation cultivation of konjac with a small flat film in a cool and arid area, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S101, Seed Selection and Treatment: Select healthy, disease- and insect-free bulbs for germination, using the four-stage germination method for cool, arid regions for bulbil konjac bulbs;

[0035] S102, Sowing Time: Amorphophallus bulbilii grows best in warm environments and usually germinates at temperatures above 15-17°C. In cool, arid regions, sowing should be done after temperatures rise, such as late March to late April.

[0036] S103, small flat film covering.

[0037] The seed selection and processing provided by the embodiment of the present invention:

[0038] The temperature during the high-temperature germination stage is controlled at around 28℃-32℃, the temperature during the constant-temperature germination stage is maintained at 25-27℃, and the temperature during the cooling germination stage is reduced to 18-21℃.

[0039] The small flat film provided in the embodiment of the present invention covers:

[0040] (1) Film selection: colorless transparent ground film, thickness 0.025 mm; the colorless transparent ground film has a light transmittance and thermal radiation rate of more than 90%;

[0041] (2) Furrow depth: 30-35 cm, furrow width 30 cm, ridge surface 60 cm, which is conducive to agricultural machinery operation;

[0042] (3) Film covering.

[0043] The film covering method provided by the embodiment of the present invention: When using plastic film, it is necessary to first spread it out and spread it flat on the field, lay the film neatly to avoid forming gaps, and then add heavy objects such as soil around it to prevent it from being blown by the wind.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a small flat film heat preservation cultivation system for konjac in cool and arid areas, comprising:

[0045] The seed selection module is used to select healthy, disease-free and insect-free bulbs for germination, using the four-stage germination method for bulbil konjac corms in cool and arid areas;

[0046] The sowing module is used for growing konjac in a warm environment and usually germinates at temperatures above 15-17°C. In cold and arid areas, the sowing period should be selected after the temperature rises, such as late March to late April.

[0047] Covering module for covering small flat films.

[0048] The cultivation of Amorphophallus taro in cold and arid regions has long been constrained by the dual limitations of near-ground radiation loss and rapid attenuation of soil moisture. The traditional trenching and soil covering model results in a rhizosphere heat flux below 15 Wm after nighttime radiation cooling. -2 The damping-off rate at the seedling stage is consistently maintained at 18%-25% year-round. This solution uses a film material with a light transmittance of ≥90% and simultaneous suppression of long-wave thermal radiation as the medium. By regulating the energy exchange at the three-phase interface between the film and the air, it raises the effective accumulated temperature in the rhizosphere to above 450°C / d, significantly shortening the seedling emergence period and reducing the probability of early-stage diseases.

[0049] A four-stage germination mechanism rapidly transitions the bulb's physiological state indoors: the high-temperature stage activates the endosperm enzyme system and increases the rate of starch depolymerization; the constant-temperature budding stage primarily completes the polar differentiation of the terminal bud; the cooling bud hardening stage strengthens the membrane system through the expression of reversible heat shock proteins; and the survival stage controls respiratory substrate consumption and maintains the bulb's water potential gradient, laying the foundation for rapid photosynthetic recovery in the field. After transporting the bulbs, they are planted in a 30-35 cm deep trench, covered with a 10 cm humus substrate at the bottom of the trench. Its high specific heat capacity acts as a "passive thermal buffer," synergizing with the daytime radiation warming effect above the film to create a root zone microenvironment with a smoothed day-night temperature difference.

[0050] The field ridge size was repeatedly calibrated through CFD coupling simulation and field multi-point thermal resistance testing. A 60cm ridge width can raise the wind speed shear layer by about 12cm without reducing the efficiency of mechanized tillage. The inter-ridge groove-shaped airflow channel can maintain 2.3cms / s with the cooperation of the pressure relief holes on the membrane side wall. -1 The average ventilation rate is high, which inhibits the condensation of supersaturated water vapor under the film and avoids the prolonged presence of water film at the root neck, which may lead to the infection of phytophthora. The film tensioning mechanism uses an adjustable tension slider coupled with the film guide roller. The stress in the film surface is maintained at 4.55.0Ncm during the laying process. -1 range, ensuring optical uniformity and long-term mechanical stability.

[0051] The transparent mulch film's bimodal spectral properties—high transmittance in the shortwave region and high reflectance in the longwave region—result in shortwave solar radiation absorbed by the soil surface during the day being trapped within the film's interior, while at night, it blocks the net output of longwave radiation from the soil surface to the atmosphere. This "semi-closed radiation valve" shifts the surface energy budget from negative to positive. Passively warming the air beneath the film triggers density-gradient-driven Brownian forced convection, transferring heat along the ridge sidewalls to the root zone, raising the average soil temperature at 0.10 cm by 3.2°C compared to the control. Simultaneously, the coupled temperature-humidity effect reduces topsoil evaporation by approximately 38%, improving deep capillary water recharge efficiency and maintaining root water potential between -0.35 MPa and -0.42 MPa, alleviating drought stress.

[0052] In terms of industrial application, this process is compatible with existing agricultural machinery systems and does not require additional power sources; the operating efficiency of the integrated film and soil compaction device can reach 0.42hm 2 h-1, labor costs were reduced by 27% compared to traditional shade netting and film covering. Two seasons of field trials showed that the average yield of commercial konjac bulbs in the treated areas increased by 22.8%, the maturity period was advanced by 12 days, and the overall profit increased by 18%-21%. Continuous observations confirmed that there was no adverse effect on soil microbial community diversity.

[0053] This method breaks through the bottleneck of industrial promotion of konjac in cold and arid areas by building a coupling link between macro-energy management and micro-physiological regulation, provides a replicable platform technology path for the cultivation of shade-tolerant and moisture-loving crops in high-altitude or latitude edge areas, and lays the foundation for experimental data and engineering paradigms for the derivative application of plastic film photothermal separation materials in arid area facility agriculture.

[0054] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating konjac in cool and arid areas with a small flat film and heat preservation, characterized in that: The steps include: A. Seed Selection and Processing: Select healthy, disease- and insect-free bulbil konjac corms and germinate them using the four-stage germination method, which includes a high-temperature germination stage, a constant-temperature germination stage, a cooling germination stage, and a survival stage. B. Sowing: When the local average daily temperature reaches 15℃ to 17℃, sow in the ridge furrows between March 25 and April 25; C. Ridge and furrowing: furrow depth 30cm to 35cm, furrow width 30cm, ridge width 60cm; D. Covering with small flat film: Lay a colorless and transparent polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.025mm, a light transmittance of not less than 90% and a heat emissivity of not less than 90% on the ridge surface, and cover the film with soil and compact it.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature germination stage is 28°C to 32°C, the temperature of the constant-temperature germination stage is 25°C to 27°C, the temperature of the cooling germination stage is 18°C ​​to 21°C, and the temperature of the keep-alive stage is 15°C to 18°C.

3. according to the described method of claim 1, wherein said sowing depth is 1.5 times to 2 times of the vertical diameter of bulb, spacing between plants is 18cm to 22cm, and spacing between rows is 60cm.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, the wherein said ditch bottom is covered with 10cm thick well-rotted organic fertilizer and then covered with 5cm of soil to improve the heat insulation and water retention performance of the soil.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the small flat membrane is laid, ventilation holes are provided on both sides of the membrane at intervals of 1 m, with each hole having a diameter of 1 cm, to regulate the humidity under the membrane and prevent condensation.

6. A four-stage germination method for konjac bulbil suitable for cool and arid areas, characterized in that: include: a) Place the bulbs in an environment of 28°C to 32°C for high temperature germination; b) transferring the bulbs to a constant temperature environment of 25°C to 27°C for germination; c) Transfer the bulbs to an environment of 18°C ​​to 21°C for cooling and germination; d) Transfer the bulbs to an environment of 15°C to 18°C ​​to keep them alive until sowing.

7. The four-stage germination method according to claim 6, wherein the relative humidity in each stage is maintained at 70% to 80%, and the illumination in the constant temperature germination stage is maintained at 15klx to 20klx.

8. A small flat film heat preservation cultivation system for konjac in cool and arid areas, characterized in that: include: a seed selection module for treating bulbs according to the four-stage germination method of claim 6 or 7; The sowing module is used to complete sowing between March 25 and April 25 when the average daily temperature is 15°C to 17°C, and to achieve precise positioning of plant spacing; The covering module is used to lay a colorless and transparent polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.025 mm and a light transmittance of not less than 90% on a 60 cm wide ridge surface and compact and fix it.

9. The cultivation system according to claim 8, wherein the covering module comprises: The film roll placement rack, film flattening roller, tensioning mechanism and soil covering and film pressing mechanism are provided. The tensioning mechanism adopts an adjustable tension structure to ensure that the film remains flat and wrinkle-free during the laying process.

10. A device for laying small flat films of konjac, characterized in that: include: The film roll support shaft, film unfolding guide roller, tensioning roller, soil covering and compacting scraper and walking frame; the film roll support shaft is installed at the front end of the walking frame, the film unfolding guide roller is arranged below the support shaft, the tensioning roller is arranged at the rear end of the guide roller, and the soil covering and compacting scraper is arranged at the rear of the tensioning roller. The walking frame completes the film unfolding, tensioning, compacting and covering operations in sequence when traveling between ridges in the field.

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